CN103058417A - Emergency treatment method for sudden thallium pollution of drinking water in water source area - Google Patents
Emergency treatment method for sudden thallium pollution of drinking water in water source area Download PDFInfo
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- CN103058417A CN103058417A CN2013100136721A CN201310013672A CN103058417A CN 103058417 A CN103058417 A CN 103058417A CN 2013100136721 A CN2013100136721 A CN 2013100136721A CN 201310013672 A CN201310013672 A CN 201310013672A CN 103058417 A CN103058417 A CN 103058417A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an emergency treatment method for sudden thallium pollution of drinking water in a water source area. Enhanced coagulation-filtration combined technology is adopted by the method, calcium oxide is added into polluted raw water to cause the polluted raw water to be alkaline, a coagulating agent of ferric trichloride is then added, Fe<3+> and a prepolymerization product thereof are rapidly hydrolyzed by means of the reaction that a ferric ion and a hydroxyl react to generate ferric hydroxide flock, before the flock becomes larger, TI<3+> in the polluted raw water is adsorbed on the surface of the flock to form covalent bonds, and the process is very fast; in a few minutes, the flock grows larger and continues adsorbing the TI<3+> in the polluted raw water, and simultaneously, the TI<3+> and the Fe<3+> in the polluted raw water are subjected to coprecipitation reaction to further remove the TI<3+>. The method provided by the invention is easy to implement, convenient in operation, and capable of reducing the TI<3+> at the concentration not less than 10mu g/L in the polluted raw water to the concentration not greater than 0.01mu g/L, and has the characteristics of safety, reliability, and highly qualified yielding water.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to water-treatment technology field, particularly the emergency processing method of the sudden thallium pollution of a kind of waterhead area tap water.
Background technology
Thallium (Tl) is a kind of typical hypertoxic heavy metal element, wide though distribute in the earth's crust, content is very low, mainly follows mining, Metal smelting, the colliery course of processing and is released under hypergenesis, enter subsequently the Epigentic Geochemistry circulation, to environment structure pollution hazard and risk.Tl can enter human body by tap water, wherein Tl
+In the enzyme reaction process of human body, can replace K
+, and produce very strong avidity with enzyme, thus the toxic effect of Tl brought out.The active aluminum method of purification, ion exchange method, columnar activated carbon etc. can be with the Tl that removes in the tap water.Environmental Protection Agency's regulation tap water and wastewater discharge standard are respectively 2 μ g/L and 140 μ g/L." drinking water sanitary standard " of China also made clear to the standard limited value of Tl in the water quality in (GB5749-2006), and the content standard of Tl is≤0.1 μ g/L.The thallium content of vitriol works discharging can reach 400 μ g/L, will cause in the waterhead area water Tl content high power exceed standard (3～100 times) if emission control is improper or natural accident occurs.Tap water prevents that except Tl the sudden Tl of waterhead area from polluting the key measure of poisoning.
Patent application 201110024148.5 discloses a kind of emergency processing method of thallium polluted raw, this application mainly is to add oxygenant, ozone and polymerize aluminum chloride in former water, with the thallium element oxidation and coprecipitation in the former water, this emergency processing method is fit to process the thallium polluted raw of Tl content lower (Tl content≤0.303 μ g/L), and can't realize well in the Tl effect for the exceed standard thallium polluted raw of (Tl content 〉=10 μ g/L) of Tl content high power, there are security breaches.
Summary of the invention
For the shortcoming and deficiency that overcomes above-mentioned prior art, the emergency processing method that the object of the present invention is to provide the sudden thallium of a kind of waterhead area tap water to pollute.The method is simple to operate, and water purification plant's permeate safety in the time of guaranteeing to occur burst Tl pollution incident is specially adapted to process the exceed standard thallium polluted raw of (Tl content 〉=10 μ g/L) of Tl content high power.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the emergency processing method that the sudden thallium of a kind of waterhead area tap water pollutes may further comprise the steps:
(1) add calcium oxide in polluted raw, the pH that makes solution is 7.83～8.93, then adds clorox (preoxidation effect), and making the concentration of clorox is 3～4mg/L, stirs, and obtains mixed liquor A;
(2) toward the mixed liquor A dosing coagulant of step (1), making the concentration of coagulating agent is 7～12mg/L, stirs, and obtains mixed liquid B;
(3) get supernatant liquor after the mixed liquid B of step (2) is left standstill 30～60min, supernatant liquor is at the uniform velocity injected the filter post filter, obtain tap water;
Churning time described in the step (1) is preferably 30～60min;
In the step (2):
Described coagulating agent is preferably iron trichloride;
Described stirring preferably adopts following program to carry out: 210～286r/min-1min, 58～98r/min-5min, 33～64r/min-10min;
In the step (3):
Described filter post is preferably glass filter post;
The internal diameter of described glass filter post is preferably 65mm;
The filtrate of described glass filter post is preferably cavernous body;
The particle diameter of described cavernous body is preferably 150 orders;
The filling of described filtrate highly is preferably 30cm;
The flow of described injection is preferably 540mL/h, flow velocity is preferably 16cm/h;
Described tap water meets China's drinking water sanitary standard;
Mechanism of the present invention is: the present invention adds calcium oxide in polluted raw, polluted raw is adds coagulating agent iron trichloride, Fe behind the meta-alkalescence
3+And prepolymer product is hydrolyzed rapidly: Fe
3++ OH
-→ Fe (OH)
3↓ (flock), before flock becomes greatly, the Tl in its surface adsorption polluted raw
3+And the formation covalent linkage, this process is very fast; Within the several minutes, flock is grown up and is continued Tl in the former water of adsorption fouling
3+, simultaneously, the Tl in the polluted raw
3+With Fe
3+Coprecipitation reaction occurs, and further removes the Tl in the polluted raw
3+
The present invention has following advantage and effect with respect to prior art:
(1) the present invention adopts enhanced coagulation-filtration process integration, adds calcium oxide in polluted raw, polluted raw is adds coagulating agent iron trichloride, Fe behind the meta-alkalescence
3+And prepolymer product is hydrolyzed rapidly: Fe
3++ OH
-→ Fe (OH)
3↓ (flock), before flock becomes greatly, the Tl in its surface adsorption polluted raw
3+And the formation covalent linkage, this process is very fast; Within the several minutes, flock is grown up and is continued Tl in the former water of adsorption fouling
3+, simultaneously, the Tl in the polluted raw
3+With Fe
3+Coprecipitation reaction occurs, and further removes the Tl in the polluted raw
3+
(2) method provided by the invention easily realize, easy and simple to handle, by actings in conjunction such as oxidation, coagulation, precipitation, filtration and absorption, can be with the Tl of concentration in the polluted raw 〉=10 μ g/L
3+Be reduced to concentration≤0.01 μ g/L, have advantages of safe and reliable, freeboard is up to standard.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
(1) toward Tl
3+Concentration is to add calcium oxide in the polluted raw of 9.71 μ g/L, and the pH that makes solution is 7.92,
Then add clorox, the concentration that makes clorox is 4mg/L, and stirring at normal temperature 60min obtains mixed liquor A;
(2) mixed liquor A toward step (1) adds iron trichloride, and the concentration that makes iron trichloride is 9mg/L,
Stir, obtain mixed liquid B; Whipping procedure is: 238r/min-1min, 85r/min-5min, 45r/min-10min;
(3) get supernatant liquor after the mixed liquid B of step (2) is left standstill 60min, supernatant liquor is injected at the uniform velocity (flow is that 540mL/h, flow velocity are 16cm/h; Lower same.) (internal diameter is that 65mm, cavernous body filling highly are 30cm, cavernous body particle diameter 150 orders to glass filter post; Lower same.) filter, obtain tap water;
After testing (GB/T5750.6-2006, lower same.), the Tl of described supernatant liquor
3+Concentration is 0.23 μ g/L, the Tl of described tap water
3+Concentration is 0.005 μ g/L, and pH=7.11 reaches national drinking water standard.
Embodiment 2
(1) toward Tl
3+Concentration is to add calcium oxide in the polluted raw of 9.71 μ g/L, and the pH that makes solution is 8.01, then adds clorox, and the concentration that makes clorox is 4mg/L, and stirring at normal temperature 60min obtains mixed liquor A;
(2) mixed liquor A toward step (1) adds iron trichloride, and the concentration that makes iron trichloride is 9mg/L,
Stir, obtain mixed liquid B; Whipping procedure is: 242r/min-1min, 81r/min-5min, 35r/min-10min;
(3) get supernatant liquor after the mixed liquid B of step (2) is left standstill 60min, with supernatant liquor at the uniform velocity implantation glass filter post filter, obtain tap water;
After testing, the Tl of described supernatant liquor
3+Concentration is 0.21 μ g/L, the Tl of described tap water
3+Concentration is 0.006 μ g/L, and pH=7.56 reaches national drinking water standard.
Embodiment 3
(1) toward Tl
3+Concentration is to add calcium oxide in the polluted raw of 9.71 μ g/L, and the pH that makes solution is 7.83, then adds clorox, and the concentration that makes clorox is 4mg/L, and stirring at normal temperature 60min obtains mixed liquor A;
(2) mixed liquor A toward step (1) adds iron trichloride, and making the concentration of iron trichloride is 12mg/L, stirs, and obtains mixed liquid B; Whipping procedure is: 252r/min-1min, 89r/min-5min, 62r/min-10min;
(3) get supernatant liquor after the mixed liquid B of step (2) is left standstill 60min, with supernatant liquor at the uniform velocity implantation glass filter post filter, obtain tap water;
After testing, the Tl of described supernatant liquor
3+Concentration is 0.23 μ g/L, the Tl of described tap water
3+Concentration is 0.006 μ g/L, and pH=6.68 reaches national drinking water standard.
Embodiment 4
(1) toward Tl
3+Concentration is to add calcium oxide in the polluted raw of 9.71 μ g/L, and the pH that makes solution is 7.86, then adds clorox, and the concentration that makes clorox is 3mg/L, and stirring at normal temperature 60min obtains mixed liquor A;
(2) mixed liquor A toward step (1) adds iron trichloride, and making the concentration of iron trichloride is 9mg/L, stirs, and obtains mixed liquid B; Whipping procedure is: 210r/min-1min, 67r/min-5min, 33r/min-10min;
(3) get supernatant liquor after the mixed liquid B of step (2) is left standstill 60min, with supernatant liquor at the uniform velocity implantation glass filter post filter, obtain tap water;
After testing, the Tl of described supernatant liquor
3+Concentration is 0.38 μ g/L, the Tl of described tap water
3+Concentration is 0.01 μ g/L, and pH=7.25 reaches national drinking water standard.
Embodiment 5
(1) toward Tl
3+Concentration is to add calcium oxide in the polluted raw of 9.71 μ g/L, and the pH that makes solution is 8.35, then adds clorox, and the concentration that makes clorox is 4mg/L, and stirring at normal temperature 60min obtains mixed liquor A;
(2) mixed liquor A toward step (1) adds iron trichloride, and making the concentration of iron trichloride is 9mg/L, stirs, and obtains mixed liquid B; Whipping procedure is: 236r/min-1min, 76r/min-5min, 35r/min-10min;
(3) get supernatant liquor after the mixed liquid B of step (2) is left standstill 50min, with supernatant liquor at the uniform velocity implantation glass filter post filter, obtain tap water;
After testing, the Tl of described supernatant liquor
3+Concentration is 0.37 μ g/L, the Tl of described tap water
3+Concentration is 0.009 μ g/L, and pH=7.33 reaches national drinking water standard.
Embodiment 6
(1) toward Tl
3+Concentration is to add calcium oxide in the polluted raw of 9.71 μ g/L, and the pH that makes solution is 8.11, then adds clorox, and the concentration that makes clorox is 4mg/L, and stirring at normal temperature 60min obtains mixed liquor A;
(2) mixed liquor A toward step (1) adds iron trichloride, and making the concentration of iron trichloride is 7mg/L, stirs, and obtains mixed liquid B; Whipping procedure is: 286r/min-1min, 98r/min-5min, 64r/min-10min;
(3) get supernatant liquor after the mixed liquid B of step (2) is left standstill 30min, with supernatant liquor at the uniform velocity implantation glass filter post filter, obtain tap water;
After testing, the Tl of described supernatant liquor
3+Concentration is 0.41 μ g/L, the Tl of described tap water
3+Concentration is 0.009 μ g/L, and pH=7.21 reaches national drinking water standard.
Embodiment 7
(1) toward Tl
3+Concentration is to add calcium oxide in the polluted raw of 9.71 μ g/L, and the pH that makes solution is 8.73, then adds clorox, and the concentration that makes clorox is 4mg/L, and stirring at normal temperature 60min obtains mixed liquor A;
(2) mixed liquor A toward step (1) adds iron trichloride, and making the concentration of iron trichloride is 10mg/L, stirs, and obtains mixed liquid B; Whipping procedure is: 251r/min-1min, 74r/min-5min, 38r/min-10min;
(3) get supernatant liquor after the mixed liquid B of step (2) is left standstill 40min, with supernatant liquor at the uniform velocity implantation glass filter post filter, obtain tap water;
After testing, the Tl of described supernatant liquor
3+Concentration is 0.25 μ g/L, the Tl of described tap water
3+Concentration is 0.005 μ g/L, and pH=7.56 reaches national drinking water standard.
Embodiment 8
(1) toward Tl
3+Concentration is to add calcium oxide in the polluted raw of 9.71 μ g/L, and the pH that makes solution is 8.93, then adds clorox, and the concentration that makes clorox is 4mg/L, and stirring at normal temperature 30min obtains mixed liquor A;
(2) mixed liquor A toward step (1) adds iron trichloride, and making the concentration of iron trichloride is 10mg/L, stirs, and obtains mixed liquid B; Whipping procedure is: 273r/min-1min, 64r/min-5min, 55r/min-10min;
(3) get supernatant liquor after the mixed liquid B of step (2) is left standstill 60min, with supernatant liquor at the uniform velocity implantation glass filter post filter, obtain tap water;
After testing, the Tl of described supernatant liquor
3+Concentration is 0.51 μ g/L, the Tl of described tap water
3+Concentration is 0.01 μ g/L, and pH=7.39 reaches national drinking water standard.
Embodiment 9
(1) toward Tl
3+Concentration is to add calcium oxide in the polluted raw of 9.71 μ g/L, and the pH that makes solution is 8.12, then adds clorox, and the concentration that makes clorox is 4mg/L, and stirring at normal temperature 60min obtains mixed liquor A;
(2) mixed liquor A toward step (1) adds iron trichloride, and making the concentration of iron trichloride is 7mg/L, stirs, and obtains mixed liquid B; Whipping procedure is: 214r/min-1min, 58r/min-5min, 38r/min-10min;
(3) get supernatant liquor after the mixed liquid B of step (2) is left standstill 60min, with supernatant liquor at the uniform velocity implantation glass filter post filter, obtain tap water;
After testing, the Tl of described supernatant liquor
3+Concentration is 0.31 μ g/L, the Tl of described tap water
3+Concentration is 0.009 μ g/L, and pH=7.26 reaches national drinking water standard.
Embodiment 10
(1) toward Tl
3+Concentration is to add calcium oxide in the polluted raw of 9.71 μ g/L, and the pH that makes solution is 8.15, then adds clorox, and the concentration that makes clorox is 4mg/L, and stirring at normal temperature 40min obtains mixed liquor A;
(2) mixed liquor A toward step (1) adds iron trichloride, and making the concentration of iron trichloride is 11mg/L, stirs, and obtains mixed liquid B; Whipping procedure is: 276r/min-1min, 96r/min-5min, 51r/min-10min;
(3) get supernatant liquor after the mixed liquid B of step (2) is left standstill 30min, with supernatant liquor at the uniform velocity implantation glass filter post filter, obtain tap water;
After testing, the Tl of described supernatant liquor
3+Concentration is 0.28 μ g/L, the Tl of described tap water
3+Concentration is 0.007 μ g/L, and pH=7.19 reaches national drinking water standard.
Embodiment 11
(1) toward Tl
3+Concentration is to add calcium oxide in the polluted raw of 10.91 μ g/L, and the pH that makes solution is 8.52, then adds clorox, and the concentration that makes clorox is 3.5mg/L, and stirring at normal temperature 60min obtains mixed liquor A;
(2) mixed liquor A toward step (1) adds iron trichloride, and making the concentration of iron trichloride is 9mg/L, stirs, and obtains mixed liquid B; Whipping procedure is: 268r/min-1min, 77r/min-5min, 47r/min-10min;
(3) get supernatant liquor after the mixed liquid B of step (2) is left standstill 60min, with supernatant liquor at the uniform velocity implantation glass filter post filter, obtain tap water;
After testing, the Tl of described supernatant liquor
3+Concentration is 0.29 μ g/L, the Tl of described tap water
3+Concentration is 0.018 μ g/L, and pH=7.23 reaches national drinking water standard.
Above-described embodiment is the better embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spirit of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the emergency processing method that pollutes of the sudden thallium of a waterhead area tap water is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) add calcium oxide in polluted raw, the pH of regulator solution is 7.83～8.93, then adds clorox, and making the concentration of clorox is 3～4mg/L, stirs, and obtains mixed liquor A;
(2) toward the mixed liquor A dosing coagulant of step (1), making the concentration of coagulating agent is 7～12mg/L, stirs, and obtains mixed liquid B;
(3) get supernatant liquor after the mixed liquid B of step (2) is left standstill 30～60min, supernatant liquor is at the uniform velocity injected the filter post filter, obtain tap water.
2. the emergency processing method that pollutes of the sudden thallium of waterhead area tap water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the stirring described in the step (2) adopts following program to carry out: 210～286r/min-1min, 58～98r/min-5min, 33～64r/min-10min.
3. the emergency processing method that pollutes of the sudden thallium of waterhead area tap water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the churning time described in the step (1) is 30～60min.
4. the emergency processing method that pollutes of the sudden thallium of waterhead area tap water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the coagulating agent described in the step (2) is iron trichloride.
5. the emergency processing method that pollutes of the sudden thallium of waterhead area tap water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the filter post described in the step (3) is glass filter post.
6. the emergency processing method that pollutes of the sudden thallium of waterhead area tap water according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the internal diameter of the glass filter post described in the step (3) is 65mm.
7. the emergency processing method that pollutes of the sudden thallium of waterhead area tap water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the filtrate of the glass filter post described in the step (3) is cavernous body.
8. the emergency processing method that pollutes of the sudden thallium of waterhead area tap water according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the particle diameter of cavernous body is 150 orders described in the step (3).
9. the emergency processing method that pollutes of the sudden thallium of waterhead area tap water according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the filling of the filtrate of the filter of glass described in the step (3) post highly is 30cm.
10. the emergency processing method that pollutes of the sudden thallium of waterhead area tap water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the flow of the injection described in the step (3) is that 540mL/h, flow velocity are 16cm/h.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105293775A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-02-03 | 湖南力泓新材料科技股份有限公司 | Method adopting combined technology of pre-oxidation and coagulating sedimentation to process wastewater containing thallium and ammonia-nitrogen |
| FR3028850A1 (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2016-05-27 | Saur | PROCESS AND PLANT FOR TREATING AQUEOUS FLUID CONTAINING THALLIUM |
| CN106946311A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-07-14 | 韶关市雅鲁环保实业有限公司 | A kind of thallium ion inorganic agent and waste water containing thallium processing method |
| CN111499032A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-08-07 | 中国人民解放军陆军防化学院 | Sewage treatment method and sewage treatment agent |
| CN111573882A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-08-25 | 中南大学 | Process for deeply removing heavy metals in water body |
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| JP2011011103A (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2011-01-20 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for removing and recovering thallium from wastewater |
| CN201990555U (en) * | 2011-01-21 | 2011-09-28 | 广州市自来水公司 | Thallium-pollution raw water emergency treatment system |
| CN102303932A (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2012-01-04 | 深圳市水务(集团)有限公司 | Method for removing micro amount of thallium from drinking water by two-stage oxidization |
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| CN1557736A (en) * | 2004-01-14 | 2004-12-29 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Oxidation coagulation aiding method using ozone and potassium permanganate |
| JP2011011103A (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2011-01-20 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for removing and recovering thallium from wastewater |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3028850A1 (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2016-05-27 | Saur | PROCESS AND PLANT FOR TREATING AQUEOUS FLUID CONTAINING THALLIUM |
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| CN111499032A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-08-07 | 中国人民解放军陆军防化学院 | Sewage treatment method and sewage treatment agent |
| CN111573882A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-08-25 | 中南大学 | Process for deeply removing heavy metals in water body |
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Application publication date: 20130424 |