CN103055656A - Method for performing mercury removal treatment on boiler flue gas by utilizing coal ash-based mercury removal adsorbent - Google Patents

Method for performing mercury removal treatment on boiler flue gas by utilizing coal ash-based mercury removal adsorbent Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103055656A
CN103055656A CN2013100451923A CN201310045192A CN103055656A CN 103055656 A CN103055656 A CN 103055656A CN 2013100451923 A CN2013100451923 A CN 2013100451923A CN 201310045192 A CN201310045192 A CN 201310045192A CN 103055656 A CN103055656 A CN 103055656A
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coal ash
mercury
adsorbing agent
ash based
absorption
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CN103055656B (en
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高正阳
郑双清
钟俊
于航
殷立宝
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North China Electric Power University
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North China Electric Power University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for performing mercury removal treatment on boiler flue gas by utilizing a coal ash-based mercury removal adsorbent. The method comprises the following steps of: arranging the coal ash-based mercury removal adsorbent in a boiler flue for adsorbing mercury in the flue gas, performing desulfurization treatment on the flue gas subjected to mercury removal adsorption, and after the coal ash-based mercury removal adsorbent reaches the absorbing saturation, discharging the flue gas into atmosphere; and blowing out and collecting Hg2+ and a few amount of Hg0 adsorbed in the coal ash-based mercury removal adsorbent by using hot air, wherein the coal ash-based mercury removal adsorbent is prepared from the following raw materials in percent by weight: 5-15 percent of white mud, 10-15 percent of clay, 2-10 percent of cement and the balance of coal ash. The adsorbent is reasonable in formula, high-efficiency and economical; the coal ash-based mercury removal adsorbent is regenerated by employing a low-temperature regeneration technology; and moreover, the adsorbed mercury is independently treated in a centralized mode, and secondary pollution caused by introducing Hg into byproducts is avoided.

Description

Utilize coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent that boiler smoke is carried out the method that demercuration is processed
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of flue gas demercuration technology, the method for particularly utilizing coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent that the boiler smoke demercuration is processed.
Background technology
Hg is a kind of poisonous heavy metal element, is discharged in the environment and can causes serious pollution to environment.The Hg that is discharged in the environment has nature discharging and two kinds of sources of anthropogenic discharge, and coal burning is that maximum people is the Hg emission source.The Hg of coal-burning power plant's discharging can account for the people and be 70% of Hg discharging, and the average mercurous quality of every kilogram of coal is 0.22mg.So calculate, annual coal fire discharged mercury and amount of pollutants thereof are huge, will produce serious harm to ecological environment and human health.In case the gas mercury entered environment, through sedimentation and water-soluble after, be finally converted into the methyl mercury of severe toxicity, if methyl mercury enters human body by food chain, can produce serious harm to people's nervous system and development system.The Hg pollution problem has become the focus of global concern, and being needs the urgent problem that solves.In order to solve mercury pollution, from the pollution of control mercury in source to atmosphere, study present major part both at home and abroad and concentrate on efficient, economic adsorbent development and utilize reinforced by additive wet method fume desulfurizing system demercuration.Wherein, the research of wet method fume desulfurizing system demercuration mainly is to utilize additive with the Hg in the flue gas 0Be oxidized to Hg soluble in water 2+Although this method has reached the purpose that reduces smoke mercury emission, again a part of mercury has been transferred in the accessory substance gypsum, mercury wherein can be discharged again in the gypsum processing and utilization process afterwards, and then cause secondary pollution.
In the prior art, removing the effective and the most widely used technology of Elemental Mercury is that active carbon sprays into technology, can though this obvious technical effects-remove 99% Elemental Mercury, the operating cost of this technology (mainly being the cost of active carbon) is higher, thereby can not promote the use of on a large scale.Ca-base adsorbent is to Hg 2+Adsorption efficiency higher, to Hg 0Removal efficiency lower.Result of study shows, calcium base class material such as Ca (OH) 2, to HgCl 2Adsorption efficiency can reach 85%; Alkaline adsorbent such as CaO equally also can reach and adsorb well HgCl 2Effect, but these calcium base class materials are but very low to the adsorption efficiency of Elemental Mercury.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent that utilizes boiler smoke is carried out the method that demercuration is processed, adopt this technology can be low-cost, high efficiency carries out centralized recovery to flue gas demercuration and to the mercury that removes, and avoids secondary pollution.
The alleged problem of the present invention is solved by following technical scheme:
A kind of coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent that utilizes carries out the method that demercuration is processed to boiler smoke, its special feature is: it inserts the mercury in the absorption flue gas in the boiler flue with coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent, drains into atmosphere again after desulfurization is processed through the flue gas that demercuration adsorbs; Described coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent reach absorption saturated after, with thermal current with the Hg that adsorbs in the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent 2+And a small amount of Hg 0Blow out and collection and treatment;
Described coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent is made by the raw material of following weight percentage: white clay 5%-15%, clay 10%-15%, cement 2%-10%, and surplus is flyash;
Used flyash particle diameter is less than 25um; Above-mentioned raw materials is weighed up by proportioning, add the water mixing, make the spherical particles that diameter is 8-10mm, at normal temperatures gravity-flow ventilation is dried and is got final product.
The above-mentioned coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent that utilizes carries out the method that demercuration is processed to boiler smoke, sets up absorption cell, the Hg that thermal current blows out 2+And a small amount of Hg 0Collection and treatment in absorption cell, carry out; Splendid attire NaClO in the described absorption cell 2The aqueous solution and demercuration stabilizing agent Na 2S; NaClO 2The aqueous solution is with Hg 0All be oxidized to Hg 2+Demercuration stabilizing agent Na 2S is with Hg 2+Be converted into mercury accessory substance HgS, can collect after the precipitation.
The above-mentioned coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent that utilizes carries out the method that demercuration is processed to boiler smoke, set up regenerated reactor, in the described regenerated reactor heater is set, described thermal current is heated to 340-350 ℃ by heater and introduces in the boiler flue again, becomes the regeneration gas that makes the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent activity recovery.
The above-mentioned coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent that utilizes carries out the method that demercuration is processed to boiler smoke, in demercuration is processed, described coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent in the flue is divided into two parts, a part is in coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent to the adsorbed state of mercury, and another part is in the state of coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent activity recovery; Alternately change its state between two parts.
The above-mentioned coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent that utilizes carries out the method that demercuration is processed, NaClO in the described absorption cell to boiler smoke 2The mass concentration of the aqueous solution is 1-3%, described Na 2The addition of S is determined by following principle: record online the decrease of gas mercury concentration, ask the reduction that obtains gas mercury according to the flue gas flow signal, namely obtain the adsorbance of adsorbent, Na 2The mol ratio of the addition of S and institute's Adsorption of Mercury is 1.2:1.
The above-mentioned coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent that utilizes carries out the method that demercuration is processed to boiler smoke, described coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent reaches the saturated criterion of absorption: at the adsorbent entrance and exit respectively before the on-line monitoring absorption and the gas mercury concentration after the absorption, think less than 40% the time when adsorbance to reach the absorption saturation state.
The present invention is directed to and solve low-cost flue gas demercuration and mercury recovery problem is improved, compared with prior art, the present invention has following features: 1, the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent prescription that adopts of the present invention rationally, high-efficiency and economic.Experiment shows, flyash is to the variation that is proportionate of the adsorption capacity of mercury and particle diameter, be that the flyash particle diameter is less, adsorption capacity is stronger, particle diameter is about 1.5 times of former flyash less than the adsorption capacity of the flyash of 25um, prior art all is directly to select former flyash, and the present invention selects particle diameter less than the powdered coal ash of 25um, has greatly strengthened the adsorption capacity to mercury; 2, the present invention has added white clay in coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent, and white clay is that ammonia-soda process soda plant produces being commonly called as of waste residue, and its composition is with CaCO 3Be main, also contain part CaSO 4With MgO, CaO, and also contain about 10% the Cl of having an appointment, wherein CaO is to HgCl 2Very strong adsorption capacity is arranged, be attached to Cl on the flyash with Hg 0Be oxidized to HgCl 2, by flyash and CaO absorption, strengthened the adsorption capacity of coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent to mercury again, and when improving demercuration efficient, reached again the purpose of twice laid; 3, the present invention adopts low-temp recovery technique to make coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent obtain regeneration, and experiment shows, the mercury that adsorbs in the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent is mainly HgCl 2And HgS, their heating release temperature all is lower than 350 ℃, and under this temperature, flyash Cl content raises with temperature and changes not quite, therefore primary recycling can be kept for a long time, coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent has been obtained recycling, has greatly saved cost; 4, the present invention focuses on separately the mercury that adsorbs, and has avoided Hg is incorporated into causing secondary pollution in the accessory substance, has reached the purpose of recycling.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of absorption chimney meatus transmitting smoke state under the system for use in carrying of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of absorption chimney meatus transmitting smoke state on the system for use in carrying of the present invention.
Each label implication inventory is as follows among the figure: 1, boiler; 2, economizer; 3, air preheater; 4, the attached regeneration gas upper channel of desorption; 5, deduster; 6, flue entrance slide damper; 7, the first valve; 8, upper absorption flue; 9, coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent; 10, lower absorption flue; 11, regeneration gas upper channel; 12, flue outlet slide damper; 13, desulphurization system; 14, the second valve; 15, blower fan; 16, regeneration gas main channel; 17, heater; 18, regenerated reactor; 19, the 4th valve; 20, regeneration gas lower channel; 21, the 3rd valve; 22, the attached regeneration gas lower channel of desorption; 23, drier; 24, tube connector; 25, absorption cell.
The specific embodiment
The inventive method comprises the steps:
(1) coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent preparation: described coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent is comprised of the raw material of following weight percentage: white clay 5%-15%, clay 10%-15%, cement 2%-10%, surplus is flyash, used flyash particle diameter is less than 25um, and particle diameter can improve greatly less than the Powder ash adsorption ability of 25um; Above-mentioned raw materials is weighed up according to proportioning, add the water mixing, make the spherical particles that diameter is 8-10mm, at normal temperatures gravity-flow ventilation is dried.
(2) flue gas absorption is inserted mercury in the boiler flue absorption flue gas with coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent, discharges after desulfurization is processed through the flue gas of absorption again.
(3) coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent regeneration: until coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent reach absorption saturated after, will cause from 340-350 ℃ regeneration gas of regenerated reactor flue to the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent processing of regenerating.Experiment shows, the mercury that adsorbs in the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent is mainly HgCl 2And HgS, when at 340-350 ℃ of lower constant temperature stripping after 4-4.5 hour, the burst size of mercury has reached more than 98% in the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent.So during coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent regeneration, pass into 340-350 ℃ regeneration gas to the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent that is in the absorption saturation state, flow control is at 0.1-0.4m/s, duration of ventilation reaches the mercury that adsorbs in the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent after 4-4.5 hour and basically separates out fully, and because the regeneration gas temperature is lower, adsorption activity impact on adsorbent is less, has therefore reached the purpose of adsorbent reactivation.
(4) recycling of mercury: will cause absorption cell by the attached regeneration gas of the desorption of blowing in the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent, carry mercury, the absorption liquid in the absorption cell is the NaClO of mass concentration 1-3% 2The aqueous solution is mainly water-soluble Hg in the attached regeneration gas of desorption 2+, also have a small amount of Hg 0, NaClO 2The aqueous solution is with Hg 0All be oxidized to Hg 2+In absorption cell, add demercuration stabilizing agent Na again 2S is with Hg 2+Be converted into mercury accessory substance HgS, collection and treatment after the precipitation; After super-dry is processed, enter regenerated reactor by the gas that overflows in the absorption cell, be heated to be 340-350 ℃ regeneration gas.The main chemical reactions that occurs in absorption cell is as follows:
2Hg+4NaC1O 2+2H 2O→?2HgC1 2+4NaOH+3O 2?
Hg 2++S 2-→HgS。
Primary raw material in the inventive method in the employed coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent is flyash, because flyash has good absorption property, and cheap, therefore utilize the standby high-efficiency mercury removal adsorbent of coal ash for manufacturing to have obvious price advantage; White clay is that ammonia-soda process soda plant produces being commonly called as of waste residue, and its composition is with CaCO 3Be main, also contain part CaSO 4With MgO, CaO, and 10% the Cl of also having an appointment, utilize Cl in the white clay that flyash is carried out modification and will greatly improve demercuration efficient, and when improving demercuration efficient, reached again the purpose of twice laid; In addition, the mercury of coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent absorption focused on can avoid mercury is transferred in the accessory substance, the secondary pollution that prevents and then cause has reached the purpose of recycling.
Implement the system of the inventive method referring to Fig. 1, described system comprises boiler 1, boiler flue, absorption cell 25 and regenerated reactor 18.Absorption cell 25 tops are communicated with through tube connector 24 with regenerated reactor 18 tops, are provided with drier 23 in tube connector 24, and drier is used for the gas that is overflowed by absorption cell is processed through super-dry.Described boiler 1 is communicated with boiler flue through economizer 2, air preheater 3, deduster 5, boiler flue is comprised of the upper absorption flue 8 that is arranged side by side up and down and lower absorption flue 10, the boiler flue outlet connects desulphurization system 13, through the flue gas of upper absorption flue 8 or lower absorption flue 10 demercuration adsorption treatment, again by discharging after desulphurization system 13 desulfurization.As seen from Figure 1, upper absorption flue and lower absorption flue middle part are provided with coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent 9, entrance at boiler flue is provided with flue entrance slide damper 6, and the flue entrance slide damper can mate as required and blocks absorption flue entrance or lower absorption flue entrance; The outlet of boiler flue is provided with flue outlet slide damper 12, and the flue outlet slide damper can mate as required and blocks absorption flue outlet or lower absorption flue outlet.Described upper absorption flue 8 is through the attached regeneration gas upper channel 4 of desorption and be communicated with absorption cell 25, upper absorption flue 8 is communicated with regenerated reactor 18 through regeneration gas upper channel 11 and regeneration gas main channel 16; Described lower absorption flue 10 is communicated with absorption cell 25, lower absorption flue 10 through regeneration gas lower channel 20 and regeneration gas main channel 22 connection regenerated reactors 18 through the attached regeneration gas lower channel 22 of desorption.
Still referring to Fig. 1, the flow direction for control regeneration gas and the attached regeneration gas of desorption, the attached regeneration gas upper channel of desorption 4 porch are provided with the first valve 7, regeneration gas upper channel 11 porch are provided with the second valve 14, the attached regeneration gas lower channel of desorption 22 porch are provided with the 3rd valve 21, and regeneration gas lower channel porch is provided with the 4th valve 19.
Still be provided with blower fan 15 referring to the described regeneration gas of Fig. 1 main channel 16, the regeneration gas main channel is communicated with regeneration gas upper channel 11 and regeneration gas lower channel 20 respectively through threeway.
System for use in carrying of the present invention, upper absorption flue 8 and lower absorption flue 10 hocket, and demercuration is discharged fume and coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent regeneration, Figure 1 shows that lower absorption flue 8 demercurations smoke evacuation, the regeneration of upper absorption flue coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent, Figure 2 shows that the smoke evacuation of absorption flue 8 demercurations, the regeneration of lower absorption flue coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent.The course of work of explanation native system as an example of Fig. 1 example: the flue gas of boiler 1 enters lower absorption flue 10 through behind economizer 2, air preheater 3 and the deduster 5, this moment, flue entrance slide damper 6 and flue outlet slide damper 12 blocked the entrance and exit at upper absorption flue 8, with upper absorption flue sealing.Smoke gas flow is discharged after desulphurization system 13 desulfurization behind the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent 9 absorption demercurations when lower absorption flue 10 again.Meanwhile, coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent 9 regeneration in the upper absorption flue 8, blower fan 15 starts, the first valve 7, the second valve 14 are opened, the 3rd valve 21, the 4th valve 19 are closed, regenerated reactor 18 interior through heaters 17 be heated to 340-350 ℃ regeneration gas through regeneration gas main channel 16, regeneration gas upper channel 11 enters upper absorption flue 8, after regeneration gas is blown over coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent, the attached regeneration gas of desorption of carrying mercury enters absorption cell 25 by the attached regeneration gas upper channel 4 of desorption, with the NaClO in the absorption cell 2Reactant aqueous solution, NaClO 2The aqueous solution is with Hg 0All be oxidized to Hg 2+In absorption cell, add demercuration stabilizing agent Na 2S is with Hg 2+Be converted into mercury accessory substance HgS, collection and treatment after the precipitation.By entering regenerated reactor 18 after gas process drier 23 dry processing of overflowing in the absorption cell, be heated to be 340-350 ℃ regeneration gas by heater 17.Said process continues to carry out, until coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent 9 regenerative processes in the upper absorption flue finish.The mode of operation that coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent in lower absorption flue arrives the saturated rear upper and lower absorption flue of absorption switches to Fig. 2 state.
The embodiment of several preparations coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent of the present invention below is provided:
Embodiment 1: the raw material that takes by weighing following weight percentage: white clay 5%, clay 12%, cement 4%, surplus are flyash, and used flyash particle diameter is less than 25um;
Embodiment 2: the raw material that takes by weighing following weight percentage: white clay 15%, clay 10%, cement 2%, surplus are flyash, and used flyash particle diameter is less than 25um;
Embodiment 3: the raw material that takes by weighing following weight percentage: white clay 10%, clay 15%, cement 10%, surplus are flyash, and used flyash particle diameter is less than 25um;
Embodiment 4: the raw material that takes by weighing following weight percentage: white clay 8%, clay 13%, cement 7%, surplus are flyash, and used flyash particle diameter is less than 25um;
Embodiment 5: the raw material that takes by weighing following weight percentage: white clay 12%, clay 14%, cement 5%, surplus are flyash, and used flyash particle diameter is less than 25um;
Above-described embodiment raw material is added the water mixing, make the spherical particles that diameter is 8-10mm, at normal temperatures gravity-flow ventilation is dried, and namely makes coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent.

Claims (6)

1. one kind is utilized coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent that boiler smoke is carried out the method that demercuration is processed, and it is characterized in that: it inserts the mercury in the absorption flue gas in the boiler flue with coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent, drains into atmosphere again after desulfurization is processed through the flue gas that demercuration adsorbs; Described coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent reach absorption saturated after, with thermal current with the Hg that adsorbs in the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent 2+And a small amount of Hg 0Blow out and collection and treatment; Described coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent is made by the raw material of following weight percentage: white clay 5%-15%, clay 10%-15%, cement 2%-10%, and surplus is flyash; Used flyash particle diameter is less than 25um; Above-mentioned raw materials is weighed up by proportioning, add the water mixing, make the spherical particles that diameter is 8-10mm, at normal temperatures gravity-flow ventilation is dried and is got final product.
2. the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent that utilizes according to claim 1 carries out the method that demercuration is processed to boiler smoke, it is characterized in that, sets up absorption cell, the Hg that thermal current blows out 2+And a small amount of Hg 0Collection and treatment in absorption cell, carry out; Splendid attire NaClO in the described absorption cell 2The aqueous solution and demercuration stabilizing agent Na 2S; NaClO 2The aqueous solution is with Hg 0All be oxidized to Hg 2+Demercuration stabilizing agent Na 2S is with Hg 2+Be converted into mercury accessory substance HgS, can collect after the precipitation.
3. the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent that utilizes according to claim 2 carries out the method that demercuration is processed to boiler smoke, it is characterized in that, set up regenerated reactor, in the described regenerated reactor heater is set, described thermal current is heated to 340-350 ℃ by heater and introduces in the boiler flue again, becomes the regeneration gas that makes the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent activity recovery.
4. the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent that utilizes according to claim 3 carries out the method that demercuration is processed to boiler smoke, it is characterized in that, in demercuration is processed, described coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent in the flue is divided into two parts, a part is in coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent to the adsorbed state of mercury, and another part is in the state of coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent activity recovery; Alternately change its state between two parts.
5. the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent that utilizes according to claim 4 carries out the method that demercuration is processed to boiler smoke, it is characterized in that NaClO in the described absorption cell 2The mass concentration of the aqueous solution is 1-3%, described Na 2The addition of S is determined by following principle: record online the decrease of gas mercury concentration, ask the reduction that obtains gas mercury according to the flue gas flow signal, namely obtain the adsorbance of adsorbent, Na 2The mol ratio of the addition of S and institute's Adsorption of Mercury is 1.2:1.
6. the coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent that utilizes according to claim 5 carries out the method that demercuration is processed to boiler smoke, it is characterized in that, described coal ash based mercury-removing adsorbing agent reaches the saturated criterion of absorption: at the adsorbent entrance and exit respectively before the on-line monitoring absorption and the gas mercury concentration after the absorption, think less than 40% the time when adsorbance to reach the absorption saturation state.
CN201310045192.3A 2013-02-05 2013-02-05 Method for performing mercury removal treatment on boiler flue gas by utilizing coal ash-based mercury removal adsorbent Expired - Fee Related CN103055656B (en)

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CN113318570A (en) * 2021-06-11 2021-08-31 浙江红狮环保股份有限公司 Method for removing mercury in flue gas

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