CN103050966A - Grounding device of modular multi-level voltage source converter based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) system and a design method of grounding device - Google Patents

Grounding device of modular multi-level voltage source converter based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) system and a design method of grounding device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103050966A
CN103050966A CN2012105244681A CN201210524468A CN103050966A CN 103050966 A CN103050966 A CN 103050966A CN 2012105244681 A CN2012105244681 A CN 2012105244681A CN 201210524468 A CN201210524468 A CN 201210524468A CN 103050966 A CN103050966 A CN 103050966A
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grounding
transformer
earthing device
power transmission
modular multilevel
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CN2012105244681A
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CN103050966B (en
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王海田
季兰兰
马巍巍
李泓志
杨杰
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute
State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Co Ltd
China EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Co
China EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co Ltd
Smart Grid Research Institute of SGCC
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of voltage source converter based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC), in particular to a grounding device of a modular multi-level VSC-HVDC system and a design method of the grounding device. The grounding device is arranged at the alternating current (AC) side of a modular multi-level VSC-HVDC, is used for AC/DC component working conditions in the VSC-HVDC system and is used for meeting positive and negative voltage sharing of the DC side of the VSC-HVDC system or providing a zero-sequence current path. The grounding device comprises a grounding transformer and a grounding resistor which are connected with each other and a Z-type transformer or a star-delta transformer is adopted to serve as the grounding transformer. The design method comprises the following steps: A, determining excitation reactance parameters of the grounding transformer; B, determining parameters of the grounding resistor. The grounding device is low in loss, and meanwhile, improvements are performed on the traditional technological base of the grounding device, so that the required development is low in difficulty and is reliable, simple and convenient. The grounding device has the advantages that the occupied area is small, the manufacturing cost is low, and the operational stability is high.

Description

Earthing device and the method for designing thereof of modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission system
Technical field
The present invention relates to flexible DC power transmission (VSC-HVDC) field, be specifically related to earthing device and the method for designing thereof of a kind of modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission system.
Background technology
Technology of HVDC based Voltage Source Converter is widely used in various fields because of the flexibility of its power delivery control.Technology of HVDC based Voltage Source Converter based on modularization multi-level converter is a kind of novel Technology of HVDC based Voltage Source Converter, also more and more receives publicity, and has broad application prospects in the relevant application of flexible direct current.
Owing to adopted the modular multilevel technology, converter valve outlet AC system harmonic components is very little based on the flexible DC power transmission system of modularization multi-level converter, thereby need not to install alternating current filter at the converter valve AC.Large, the corresponding control system complexity of control submodule quantity that this system is required.Flexible direct current system stable operation performance depends on the design of control system and protection system, the setting of protection scheme to a great extent; wherein; control system design is carrying out under precondition take zero potential as reference voltage; therefore, the accuracy of reference potential has a strong impact on the aspect such as reliability, sensitivity, controllability, fail safe of control system.Flexible DC power transmission system earth device is the unique effective means that solves the required zero potential reference voltage of control system, realizes that the extensive use of this technology has important practical meaning in engineering, and it is also extremely urgent to solve its difficult problem that runs in application process.
Because the complex structure of flexible direct current converter valve; although the upper and lower bridge arm of three-phase converter valve is symmetrical structure; but because there is inconsistency in the parameter of each switching device; the fragile switching device IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor that adopts of modular multilevel system; the insulated type bipolar transistor) and all pressures waits the direct-to-ground capacitance such as equipment to exist unusually; practical application is complicated; even the parameter of converter valve upper and lower bridge arm possesses good symmetry, the reference zero potential of flexible direct current protection system also can not be taken from by device stray capacitance " earth potential " that determine over the ground.Therefore, for realizing the required zero reference voltage of control system, must design the earthing device that is suitable for the flexible DC power transmission system.
In conventional (current source commutation) DC transmission system, according to the difference of its topological structure, can be divided into monopolar DC system and bipolar DC system.For with the earth or the seawater monopolar DC system as return circuit, the two ends current conversion station all adopts the mode of ground connection; For the mode that has also adopted single station ground connection with wire as one pole two wire system of return circuit.In bipolar DC system, because of the difference of the mode of connection, current conversion station has adopted the structure of single station or two stations ground connection.In conventional DC transmission system, adopt single station or the directly grounded mode in two station; And often adopt bipolar DC system based on the flexible DC power transmission system of modular multilevel, and current conversion station does not adopt the mode of ground connection yet.Therefore, the inapplicable flexible DC power transmission system based on modular multilevel of the earthing mode of conventional DC transmission system.
In switching mode flexible DC power transmission system, because converter output level number is low, converter valve AC voltage harmonic content is high, for eliminating the low-order harmonic composition, usually at the converter valve AC alternating current filter is installed; For the converter valve DC side, the direct ground connection of large electric capacity of its DC side being used for provides the DC side clamp.But for controllable voltage source type flexible DC power transmission system, owing to adopt the modular multilevel technology, converter output level number is many, and the harmonic components of valve top-cross streaming system is low, need not to install alternating current filter; The large electric capacity that adopts that two level are the required support voltage of modular multilevel technology to use is all assigned in the submodule, therefore, can not be with reference to the corresponded manner of the flexible DC power transmission system of two level based on the scheme of the required earthing device of flexible DC power transmission system of modular multilevel technology.
The existing earthing mode of controllable voltage source type flexible DC power transmission system has in DC side to be installed large resistance and adopt two kinds of large reactance groundeds between tietransformer and converter valve.In DC side large resistance being installed can align cathode voltage and all press, but there is loss power in this class mode greatly and is the shortcomings such as continuous power, cause the problems such as the heat radiation of the large resistance of DC side ground connection and operational reliability, the latter needs the novel reactor of independent design, and development difficulty is larger.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides earthing device and the method for designing thereof of a kind of modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission system, it is low that earthing device produces loss, improves on earthing device conventional art basis simultaneously, the development difficulty that needs is little, reliably easy.It is little that this earthing device has occupation of land, and cost is low, the operation stability advantages of higher.
The objective of the invention is to adopt following technical proposals to realize:
The earthing device of a kind of modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission system, its improvements are, described earthing device is installed in the AC of modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission, and (AC is high-voltage system, such as the 320kV AC system), be used for modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission system alternating current-direct current component operating mode, all press or provide the zero-sequence current path for the both positive and negative polarity that satisfies modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission system DC side, described earthing device comprises interconnective grounding transformer and grounding resistor; Described grounding transformer adopts Z-type transformer or star-triangular form transformer.
Wherein, in modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission high-pressure system, described earthing device is installed between converter valve and the tietransformer; In modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission low-pressure system (such as the 35kV AC system), described earthing device and tietransformer are used in combination, be that (the DYN mode of connection is: D sign high-pressure side winding is delta connection to the tietransformer employing DYN mode of connection, Y sign low-pressure side winding is star-connection, the neutral-point solid ground of N sign star winding), tietransformer valve side neutral point serial connection grounding resistor consists of the DC transmission system earth point.
Wherein, described uniform voltage function comprises steady-state pressure and starts all pressures.
Wherein, when grounding transformer adopted the Z-type transformer, grounding resistor directly linked to each other with the Z-type transformer neutral point; When grounding transformer adopted star-triangular form transformer, grounding resistor linked to each other with the neutral point of Star Type Transformer.
Wherein, described grounding resistor is neutral point grounding resistor; The maximum unbalance voltage that the resistance of described grounding resistor is not less than DC side and grounding transformer begin current ratio corresponding when saturated.
The method for designing of the earthing device of a kind of modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission system that the present invention is based on that another purpose provides, its improvements are that described method comprises the steps:
A, determine grounding transformer excitation reactance parameter;
B, determine the parameter of grounding resistor.
Wherein, in the described steps A, allow the rated exciting current I of the every phase of described earthing device 0, definite principle of grounding transformer excitation reactance parameter L satisfies following formula:
ω sL≥U N/I 0 ①;
In the formula: ω sBe the first-harmonic angular frequency; U NBe the AC rated line voltage.
Wherein, among the described step B, grounding resistor R satisfies following formula:
R>ΔU dc/I dcmax ②;
In the formula: Δ U DcMaximum unbalance voltage for DC side; I DcmaxBe saturated the permission of the avoiding grounding transformer maximum by direct current.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect that reaches of the present invention is:
1, at valve side AC earthing device is installed, has been realized all pressures of DC side both positive and negative polarity voltage, reduced to install in DC side the energy loss of grading resistor;
When 2, normally moving, the earth resistance loss of this device is low, need not the specific (special) requirements such as heat radiation;
3, by ac and dc circuit protection equipment is installed in the earthing device, the single-phase earthing to AC, fault detect and the protection action of direct current monopolar grounding fault can have been realized.
4, when the alternating current-direct current side system normally moved, earthing device had following features:
(1) running wastage is low;
(2) when direct current system is normally moved, according to the symmetry of converter valve, the DC voltage component on the grounding resistor is zero.
(3) when AC system was normally moved, grounding transformer showed large reactance to the three-phase forward-order current, and the reactive power that the earthed voltage device consumes is minimum, reduced system power dissipation, improved running efficiency of system; And this moment, the voltage on the grounding resistor is almost nil, and the long-time running parameter request of grounding resistor is low.
5, when the DC side both positive and negative polarity offset voltage or AC system occurred and asymmetrical voltage occurs, this earthing device had good uniform voltage function or the zero-sequence current path is provided, as:
(1) when unbalance voltage appears in the direct current system both positive and negative polarity, converter valve is passed to grounding resistor with this unbalance voltage.Grounding resistor provides path for unbalance voltage, therefore can effective supply stable state direct voltage clamping action.Because unbalance voltage duration of DC side is shorter, therefore, the heat radiation of grounding resistor be need not specific (special) requirements.
(2) when AC generation single phase ground fault, zero sequence voltage component appears in the AC system of asymmetric operation, and the earthed voltage device is little to the impedance of zero-sequence current, and therefore, earthing device provides path for zero-sequence current, reduces system failure overvoltage.
6, earthing device satisfies following uniform voltage function:
(1) steady-state pressure: after unbalance voltage appearred in DC side, earthing device can provide rapidly the balance channel of unbalance voltage, forms feedback mechanism, thereby unbalance voltage is eliminated, and guaranteed that system voltage does not produce unsteady and drift.
(2) start all pressures: when the current conversion station locking started, there was the deviation of voltage in the dc terminal of converter valve, and after the release, current conversion station enters steady operation fast, the unbalance voltage of earthing device energy Fast-Balance converter valve both positive and negative polarity.
7, the grounding transformer design of this invention employing is compared with the design of conventional grounding transformer, is characterized in: because the line voltage grade is high, to voltage, insulating requirements height; Because the grounding transformer neutral point has adopted large grounding through resistance, during AC system generation single phase ground fault, the electric current of the Transformer Winding of flowing through is little, and therefore, the magnet excitation current requirements that the grounding transformer that this patent adopts satisfies is low; Because during the DC side monopolar grounding fault, because magnetic potential equal and opposite in direction, the opposite direction of the direct current that two windings on the same core limb are flowed through only produce leakage flux, so, grounding transformer allows the dc bias current that flows through larger, and grounding transformer is not prone to the magnetic saturation phenomenon.Therefore, it is little that this earthing device has occupation of land, and cost is low, the operation stability advantages of higher.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the earthing device rough schematic view of modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission provided by the invention system;
Fig. 2 is Z-type transformer provided by the invention and earth resistance schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is star provided by the invention-triangular form transformer and earth resistance schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
The earthing device of modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission provided by the invention system as shown in Figure 1, earthing device is installed in the AC of modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission, all press or provide the zero-sequence current path for the both positive and negative polarity that satisfies modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission system DC side, earthing device comprises interconnective grounding transformer and grounding resistor; Grounding transformer adopts Z-type grounding transformer or star-triangular form grounding transformer.
Be one of key factor that affects the flexible DC power transmission system control performance with reference to zero potential, the present invention designs the earthing device that is applicable to flexible DC power transmission system ac and dc current and deposits.Be high-pressure system (such as the 320kV AC system) for AC system of flexible DC power transmission system, earthing device adopts the scheme of grounding transformer and grounding resistor combination, is installed between converter valve and the tietransformer; Be low-pressure system (such as the 35kV AC system) for AC system of flexible DC power transmission system, earthing device and tietransformer are used in combination, tietransformer adopts the DYN mode of connection, and valve side transformer neutral point adopts grounding resistor ground connection construction system earth point.Concrete:
The operating mode of the grounding transformer in this earthing device and the power distribution network has different significantly: only there is alternating current in the grounding transformer in the power distribution network.Characteristics for AC system of flexible DC power transmission system: when AC is low-voltage, the tietransformer valve side of Y/ Δ connection type can adopt the Y mode of connection usually, can utilize this moment tietransformer valve side neutral point serial connection grounding resistor to realize the flexible DC power transmission system earth; When AC is high voltage, high-voltage transmission network requires the tietransformer net side of Y/ Δ connection type to adopt the Y mode of connection, valve side to adopt the Δ mode of connection, and the earthing device that the grounding transformer that the present invention proposes and grounding resistor form can satisfy the requirement of high pressure flexible direct current transmission system.
The transformer of earthing device both can be Z-type (Zigzag) transformer (as shown in Figure 2), also can adopt star-triangular form transformer (as shown in Figure 3) during low pressure.The operation logic basic simlarity of two schemes: the three-phase current for the normal operation of valve top-cross streaming system shows high impedance, and at this moment, the electric current of the grounding transformer winding of flowing through only is very little exciting current, and the grounding resistor two ends are no-voltage almost.When zero-sequence current appears in valve top-cross streaming system, winding of Z-type transformer and secondary winding equal turn numbers, zero-sequence current opposite direction, therefore, the Z-type transformer only shows leakage reactance to zero-sequence current; In star-triangular form transformer, the triangular form transformer forms for the zero-sequence current short circuit, and star-triangular form transformer also only shows leakage reactance to zero-sequence current.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for designing of earthing device, comprises flat following step:
Determining of step 1, excitation reactance parameter: the rated exciting current I that allows the every phase of earthing device 0, grounding transformer excitation reactance parameter L determines that principle is:
ω sL≥U N/I 0 ①;
Wherein, ω sBe the first-harmonic angular frequency; U NBe the AC network rated line voltage.
Determining of step 2, neutral resistance parameter: for avoiding the saturated of grounding transformer, earth resistance R satisfies
R>ΔU dc/I dcmax ②;
Wherein, Δ U DcMaximum unbalance voltage for DC side; I DcmaxBe the saturated maximum direct current passed through of allowing of avoiding grounding transformer.
A kind of earthing device that is formed by grounding transformer and resistor provided by the invention, can effective supply the system earth point, strangulation system current potential, thus the unbalance voltage of DC side both positive and negative polarity is all pressed and is provided path for zero-sequence current.This grounding scheme can not only be the reference voltage of the required zero potential of the whole control system of converter valve, can also provide zero-sequence current protection for the AC system of converter valve.
Should be noted that at last: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit, although with reference to above-described embodiment the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: still can make amendment or be equal to replacement the specific embodiment of the present invention, and do not break away from any modification of spirit and scope of the invention or be equal to replacement, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. the earthing device of a modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission system, it is characterized in that, described earthing device is installed in the AC of modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission, be used for modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission system alternating current-direct current component operating mode, all press or provide the zero-sequence current path for the both positive and negative polarity that satisfies modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission system DC side, described earthing device comprises interconnective grounding transformer and grounding resistor; Described grounding transformer adopts Z-type transformer or star-triangular form transformer.
2. the earthing device of modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission as claimed in claim 1 system is characterized in that in modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission high-pressure system, described earthing device is installed between converter valve and the tietransformer; In modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission low-pressure system, described earthing device and tietransformer are used in combination, and namely tietransformer adopts the DYN mode of connection, and tietransformer valve side neutral point serial connection grounding resistor consists of the DC transmission system earth point.
3. the earthing device of modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission as claimed in claim 1 system is characterized in that, described uniform voltage function comprises steady-state pressure and starts all presses.
4. the earthing device of modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission as claimed in claim 1 system is characterized in that, when grounding transformer adopted the Z-type transformer, grounding resistor directly linked to each other with the Z-type transformer neutral point; When grounding transformer adopted star-triangular form transformer, grounding resistor linked to each other with the neutral point of Star Type Transformer.
5. the earthing device of modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission as claimed in claim 1 system is characterized in that described grounding resistor is neutral point grounding resistor; The maximum unbalance voltage that the resistance of described grounding resistor is not less than DC side and grounding transformer begin current ratio corresponding when saturated.
6. the method for designing of the earthing device of a modular multilevel flexible DC power transmission system is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
A, determine grounding transformer excitation reactance parameter;
B, determine the parameter of grounding resistor.
7. the method for designing of earthing device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, in the described steps A, allows the rated exciting current I of the every phase of described earthing device 0, definite principle of grounding transformer excitation reactance parameter L satisfies following formula:
ω sL≥U N/I 0 ①;
In the formula: ω sBe the first-harmonic angular frequency; U NBe the AC rated line voltage.
8. the method for designing of earthing device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, among the described step B, grounding resistor R satisfies following formula:
R>ΔU dc/I dcmax ②;
In the formula: Δ U DcMaximum unbalance voltage for DC side; I DcmaxBe saturated the permission of the avoiding grounding transformer maximum by direct current.
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CN103675485A (en) * 2013-12-11 2014-03-26 国家电网公司 Method for measuring transformation ratio of Z-type transformers
CN104820157A (en) * 2015-04-30 2015-08-05 国家电网公司 Direct-current single-pole ground fault determination method of flexible direct-current power transmission system
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CN105896586A (en) * 2016-05-05 2016-08-24 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 Method and system for fault positioning and recovery of voltage source converter
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CN111614116A (en) * 2020-06-18 2020-09-01 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 Grounding method and device of flexible direct current system
CN112329286A (en) * 2020-10-20 2021-02-05 中国矿业大学 Novel induction filtering transformer structure applied to low-voltage power distribution network
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CN103675485A (en) * 2013-12-11 2014-03-26 国家电网公司 Method for measuring transformation ratio of Z-type transformers
CN105807137A (en) * 2014-12-29 2016-07-27 国家电网公司 Grounding transformer impedance determining method
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CN105896586A (en) * 2016-05-05 2016-08-24 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 Method and system for fault positioning and recovery of voltage source converter
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CN112425055A (en) * 2018-06-19 2021-02-26 西门子能源全球有限公司 Potential equalization system for modular multilevel converter
CN112425055B (en) * 2018-06-19 2022-10-28 西门子能源全球有限公司 Potential equalization system for modular multilevel converter
CN111614116A (en) * 2020-06-18 2020-09-01 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 Grounding method and device of flexible direct current system
CN111614116B (en) * 2020-06-18 2022-07-12 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 Grounding method and device of flexible direct current system
CN112329286A (en) * 2020-10-20 2021-02-05 中国矿业大学 Novel induction filtering transformer structure applied to low-voltage power distribution network
CN112329286B (en) * 2020-10-20 2024-02-13 中国矿业大学 Novel induction filtering transformer structure applied to low-voltage distribution network
CN113002333A (en) * 2021-03-24 2021-06-22 清华大学 High-power converter grounding scheme of full-through type flexible alternating-current traction power supply system
CN113002333B (en) * 2021-03-24 2022-07-19 清华大学 High-power converter grounding method of full-through type flexible alternating current traction power supply system

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