CN103050871A - Laser gain rod as well as laser oscillator and laser amplifier comprising the same - Google Patents
Laser gain rod as well as laser oscillator and laser amplifier comprising the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN103050871A CN103050871A CN2012105861756A CN201210586175A CN103050871A CN 103050871 A CN103050871 A CN 103050871A CN 2012105861756 A CN2012105861756 A CN 2012105861756A CN 201210586175 A CN201210586175 A CN 201210586175A CN 103050871 A CN103050871 A CN 103050871A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser gain rod used for pump homogenization, and belongs to the technical field of the laser. The cross section of the laser gain rod is non-rotationally symmetric, and side surface polishing and end surface polishing are carried out; after pump light is injected from the side surface or the end surface of the laser gain rod, total reflection is generated on the side surface of the laser gain rod; therefore, the pump light is always constrained in the laser gain rod to be transmitted; meanwhile, because the non-rotational symmetry of the side surface, the pump light unlikely forms hollow spiral light, and therefore the pump light is evener in space distribution; in addition, the laser gain rod used for the pump homogenization has a low doping density and a big cooling surface area; therefore the laser gain rod has the advantages of low heat sink density and high cooling speed; and harm caused by various types of thermal effects can be effectively avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of lasers, be specifically related to a kind of for the pumping homogenize the laser gain rod and have its laser oscillator and laser amplifier.
Background technology
All solid state laser has that volume is little, lightweight, efficient is high, stable performance, good reliability, life-span are long, easy to operate, nimble, the easy intellectuality of running, the advantage such as pollution-free, brought into play important effect in fields such as industrial processes, communication, remote sensings, the market demand is very huge.
Classify by the operation material shape, all solid state laser often is divided into following several: bar-shaped laser, slab laser, disk laser and fiber laser etc.They respectively have advantage, have all attracted in recent years the sight of numerous researchers, and have all obtained rapidly development.Yet under high pumping power, these several operation materials show some limitation, and wherein, bar-shaped laser can cause that beam quality worsens and fevering sodium effect because thermal effect is serious; Although slab laser and disk laser have good radiating effect,, often adopt high doping content to improve pump absorption efficient, this can cause concentration quenching and upper energy level transition, the infringement pump light is to the conversion efficiency of laser; Fiber laser is owing to have very large area of dissipation, low doping content and tiny core size, at running hours, can output high-power, the laser of high light beam quality, but, when pulsed operation, high fibre core power density tends to cause fiber nonlinear effect, causes the damage of optical fiber.
Photonic crystal fiber has large mould field size, can effectively suppress fiber nonlinear effect, simultaneously, leads the propagation that effect only allows fundamental transverse mode a little less than the fibre core, thereby is particularly suitable for laser oscillator and the laser amplifier of high power, high light beam quality.2009, the photonic crystal fiber that the fibre core that the Mobius company of the U.S. produces based on the NKT of Denmark is 40 microns was released the pulsed ultraviolet laser device of 10W level.Yet, because complicated optical fiber structure and low rate of finished products, the holding at high price of photonic crystal fiber, even accounted for more than 50% of whole laser costs, and at present, only may be used for scientific research, greatly differ from each other from the application of large-scale market.
Laser bar has large cross sectional dimensions, can effectively suppress various nonlinear effects, simultaneously, laser bar also has large surface-to-volume ratio, is conducive to heat radiation, can avoid various because the harm that thermal effect causes, thereby, be specially adapted to high-power laser oscillator and laser amplifier.Yet, convenience for processing and manufacturing, often the cross section with laser bar is designed to the shape that circle, octagon etc. have rotational symmetry, after causing pump light in this laser bar, to propagate a segment distance, usually spatially present the strong cored screw shape in weak edge, center and distribute, this is also referred to as the skin effect of laser bar.
Divide according to propagation path, the pump light of propagating in the laser bar can be divided into meridional ray and oblique ray.So-called meridional ray is exactly those light by the laser bar central shaft in twice total reflection in laser bar, and that oblique ray is exactly some and laser bar central shaft is both not parallel, also disjoint light.These two kinds of light have different character in the laser bar transmission course.
For the laser bar with rotational symmetry, any plane by central shaft is meridian plane, and the light that is positioned at meridian plane is exactly meridional ray.According to the reflection of light law, meridian will be positioned at a meridian plane all the time, thereby can carry out in meridional plane the research of meridional ray.As shown in Figure 1, suppose in certain meridian plane that light incides the laser bar end face with incidence angle θ and is injected in the laser bar.In laser bar, the angle of this incident ray and axis is α
0, then have at the incident end face place:
n
0sinθ=n
1sinα
0 (1.1)
Following formula is for describing light at the Snell's law of two medium cross sections refraction behavior, and wherein airborne refractive index is n
0, the refractive index of laser bar is n
1, and be uniform everywhere.If light is constrained on propagation in the laser bar and is unlikely to from the side of laser bar to reflect away, then must satisfy the total reflection condition in the laser bar side, namely
With following formula substitution formula (1.1), just obtain the propagation conditions of incident meridional ray:
In following formula, when equal sign was set up, corresponding incidence angle was called maximum incident angle, with θ
MaxExpression.That is to say only at laser bar surface feeding sputtering angle θ≤θ
MaxLight could in laser bar, propagate.For laser bar, the incidence angle of the maximum that this is possible is called the acceptance angle of laser bar, and only with n
1, n
2Relevant.Traditionally, the sine value of acceptance angle is defined as the numerical aperture of laser bar, represents with N.A.
Incide the light beam of laser bar end face except meridional ray, also have a lot of oblique rays.It is both not parallel that oblique ray is exactly some and central shaft, also disjoint light.They and central shaft are different surface beelines, so must carry out with vector method in three dimensions for the discussion of oblique ray.Because oblique ray and central shaft be not in a plane, oblique ray carries out a total reflection in laser bar, and the orientation on plane will change once, the spiral broken line that its light path track is the space.
As shown in Figure 2, direction vector is S
0=L
0I+M
0J+N
0The light of k incides the position P of laser bar end face
0=x
0I+y
0J(i, j, k are unit vector).If α
mThe radial vector that represents m secondary reflection point, and S
mFor being right after the radiation direction vector before the m secondary reflection, have according to the coplanar condition of light before and after the reflection:
(S
m-S
m+1)α
m=0 (1.5)
The condition that equals angle of reflection by incidence angle again has
(S
m+S
m+1)α
m=0 (1.6)
In addition, the condition in the generation total reflection of laser bar side is
In order to study at which type of oblique ray of laser bar incident end can propagate in laser bar, we are with S
0And P
0Substitution formula (1.7) can get
In other words, satisfy the incident ray of following formula, can become oblique ray and in laser bar, transmit.
If incident ray is at x
0=a, y
0The incident of=0 place, then
n
1L
0≤N.A.
This expression incident ray and M
0Irrelevant.Therefore, when pump light is injected laser bar with the larger angle of divergence, L
0Be worth very littlely, then light will almost be locked near the laser bar side, i.e. the total reflection that repeats in the side of laser bar of light, integral body is advanced in a spiral manner, and the light of central area a little less than, present the strong spatial distribution in weak edge, center, as shown in Figure 3.
Summary of the invention
The present invention one of is intended to solve the problems of the technologies described above at least to a certain extent or provides at least a kind of useful commerce to select.
The object of the invention is to propose that a kind of skin effect is little, the more uniform laser gain rod of pump light spatial distribution.
A kind of laser gain rod according to the embodiment of the invention, the cross section of described laser gain rod is non-rotating symmetry, the side of its described laser gain rod and section have all carried out polishing, wherein, be injected into the pump light in the described laser gain rod, the strong helical space in edge distributes be not easy the formation center in communication process a little less than, helps to improve the skin effect of described pump light in described laser gain rod, makes described pump light spatial distribution in described laser gain rod more even.
In one embodiment of the invention, the material of described laser gain rod is laser crystal, laser glass, laser ceramics or the laser plastic that is mixed with thulium.
In one embodiment of the invention, described thulium comprises one or more the combination in neodymium (Nd), ytterbium (Yb), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), the holmium (Ho).
In one embodiment of the invention, described laser crystal comprises yag crystal (YAG), yttrium vanadate crystal (YVO
4), gadolinium vanadate crystal (GdVO
4), one or more the combination in the lithium yttrium fluoride (YLF).
In one embodiment of the invention, the external diameter of described laser gain rod is 0.05-20mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the shape of cross section of described laser gain rod is D shape or inequilateral polygon etc.
Another object of the present invention is to propose the laser oscillator that a kind of efficient is high, loss is few.
Laser oscillator according to the embodiment of the invention has the above-mentioned laser gain rod of the present invention.
A further object of the present invention is to propose the laser amplifier that a kind of efficient is high, loss is few.
Laser amplifier according to the embodiment of the invention has the above-mentioned laser gain rod of the present invention.
The present invention compared with prior art, at least have following advantage: (1) pump light is behind the side or end face injection of laser gain rod, total reflection occurs in the side at the laser gain rod, thereby be constrained in the laser gain rod always and propagate, simultaneously, because the non-rotating symmetry of side, pump light is not easy to form hollow spiral light, thereby more even on spatial distribution.(2) the laser gain rod for the pumping homogenize of the present invention also has low doping content and large cooling surface area, thereby heat sink density is low, and radiating rate is fast, can effectively avoid the caused harm of various thermal effects.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage in the following description part provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage are from obviously and easily understanding becoming the description of embodiment in conjunction with following accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the propagation of meridional ray in the laser bar
Fig. 2 is another schematic diagram of the propagation of meridional ray in the laser bar
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the generation of circular laser bar inside spin light
Fig. 4 is traditional circle, octagon, interior pump distribution figure of hexagonal laser gain rod
Fig. 5 is structural representation and the pump distribution figure of the laser gain rod for the pumping homogenize provided by the invention.
Embodiment
The below describes embodiments of the invention in detail, and the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein identical or similar label represents identical or similar element or the element with identical or similar functions from start to finish.Be exemplary below by the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings, be intended to for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
In description of the invention, it will be appreciated that, term " " center "; " vertically "; " laterally "; " length "; " width "; " thickness ", " on ", D score, " front ", " afterwards ", " left side ", " right side ", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", " end " " interior ", " outward ", " clockwise ", orientation or the position relationship of indications such as " counterclockwise " are based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, only be for convenience of description the present invention and simplified characterization, rather than device or the element of indication or hint indication must have specific orientation, with specific orientation structure and operation, therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
In addition, term " first ", " second " only are used for describing purpose, and can not be interpreted as indication or hint relative importance or the implicit quantity that indicates indicated technical characterictic.Thus, one or more these features can be expressed or impliedly be comprised to the feature that is limited with " first ", " second ".In description of the invention, the implication of " a plurality of " is two or more, unless clear and definite concrete restriction is arranged in addition.
In the present invention, unless clear and definite regulation and restriction are arranged in addition, broad understanding should be done in the terms such as term " installation ", " linking to each other ", " connection ", " fixing ", for example, can be to be fixedly connected with, and also can be to removably connect, or connect integratedly; Can be mechanical connection, also can be to be electrically connected; Can be directly to link to each other, also can indirectly link to each other by intermediary, can be the connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, can understand as the case may be above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention.
In the present invention, unless clear and definite regulation and restriction are arranged in addition, First Characteristic Second Characteristic it " on " or D score can comprise that the first and second features directly contact, can comprise that also the first and second features are not directly contacts but by the other feature contact between them.And, First Characteristic Second Characteristic " on ", " top " and " above " comprise First Characteristic directly over Second Characteristic and oblique upper, or only represent that the First Characteristic level height is higher than Second Characteristic.First Characteristic Second Characteristic " under ", " below " and " below " comprise First Characteristic under the Second Characteristic and tiltedly, or only represent that the First Characteristic level height is less than Second Characteristic.
The object of the invention is to propose that a kind of skin effect is little, the more uniform laser gain rod of pump light spatial distribution.
A kind of laser gain rod according to the embodiment of the invention, the cross section of described laser gain rod is non-rotating symmetry, the side of its described laser gain rod and section have all carried out polishing, wherein, be injected into the pump light in the described laser gain rod, the strong helical space in edge distributes be not easy the formation center in communication process a little less than, helps to improve the skin effect of described pump light in described laser gain rod, makes described pump light spatial distribution in described laser gain rod more even.
In one embodiment of the invention, the material of described laser gain rod is laser crystal, laser glass, laser ceramics or the laser plastic that is mixed with thulium.
In one embodiment of the invention, described thulium comprises one or more the combination in neodymium (Nd), ytterbium (Yb), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), the holmium (Ho).
In one embodiment of the invention, described laser crystal comprises yag crystal (YAG), yttrium vanadate crystal (YVO
4), gadolinium vanadate crystal (GdVO
4), one or more the combination in the lithium yttrium fluoride (YLF).
In one embodiment of the invention, the external diameter of described laser gain rod is 0.05-20mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the shape of cross section of described laser gain rod is D shape or inequilateral polygon etc.
Another object of the present invention is to propose the laser oscillator that a kind of efficient is high, loss is few.
Laser oscillator according to the embodiment of the invention has the above-mentioned laser gain rod of the present invention.
A further object of the present invention is to propose the laser amplifier that a kind of efficient is high, loss is few.
Laser amplifier according to the embodiment of the invention has the above-mentioned laser gain rod of the present invention.
For making those skilled in the art understand better the present invention, now be further elaborated in conjunction with Fig. 4-Fig. 5.
Fig. 4 (a-c) represents that respectively existing cross section is the interior pump light distribution of circle, octagon and hexagon laser gain rod of Rotational Symmetry figure.The material of supposing the laser gain rod is Nd:YAG crystal (refractive index is 1.823), and the radius of cross section is 0.5mm, and length is 50mm, pump light is area source, and diameter is 0.4mm, and numerical aperture equals 0.3, wavelength is 808nm, and gross power is 1W, gets close to an end of laser gain rod and places.Result when the pump light on the booster (rod) cross section at selected distance light source 30mm place distributes as the pump light stable transfer.By the simulation result of Fig. 4 as can be known, for circle, octagon and hexagonal laser bar, after pump light transmitted a segment distance therein, the spiral light that can form gradually hollow distributed, the pattern matching that this obviously is unfavorable for pump light and laser has limited the conversion efficiency of pump light to laser.
Light transmition example in a kind of D type cross section laser gain rod of Fig. 5 (a) expression.The cross section of D shape has destroyed the rotational symmetry of laser bar significantly, thereby, in the Propagation of light rays process, can't form the spiral light that is close to the laser bar side, more be conducive to realize the even distribution of pump light.Fig. 5 (b) is depicted as the simulation result that D shape laser gain rod inside-pumping distributes.The radius b that gets circular portion in the laser bar is 0.5mm, and the bond length a that the D shaped part is divided is 0.25mm, and the length of laser bar is 50mm; Pump light is area source, and diameter is 0.4mm, and numerical aperture equals 0.3, and wavelength is 808nm, and gross power is 1W, gets close to equally an end of booster (rod) and places.Result when the pump light on the booster (rod) cross section at same selected distance light source 30mm place distributes as the pump light stable transfer.By simulation result as can be known, in the laser bar of D shape cross section, easier spatially the formation comparatively uniformly of pump light distributes, thereby is conducive to realize the pattern matching of pump light and laser, helps to promote pump light to the conversion efficiency of laser.Similarly, in the laser gain rod of other inequilateral polygon cross sections, be not easy equally to form spiral light, therefore be conducive to realize the even distribution of pump light and the raising of conversion efficiency.
The present invention compared with prior art, at least have following advantage: (1) pump light is behind the side or end face injection of laser gain rod, total reflection occurs in the side at the laser gain rod, thereby be constrained in the laser gain rod always and propagate, simultaneously, because the non-rotating symmetry of side, pump light is not easy to form hollow spiral light, thereby more even on spatial distribution.(2) the laser gain rod for the pumping homogenize of the present invention also has low doping content and large cooling surface area, thereby heat sink density is low, and radiating rate is fast, can effectively avoid the caused harm of various thermal effects.
In the description of this specification, the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiment ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to be contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or the example in conjunction with specific features, structure, material or the characteristics of this embodiment or example description.In this manual, the schematic statement of above-mentioned term not necessarily referred to identical embodiment or example.And the specific features of description, structure, material or characteristics can be with suitable mode combinations in any one or more embodiment or example.
Although the above has illustrated and has described embodiments of the invention, be understandable that, above-described embodiment is exemplary, can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can change above-described embodiment in the situation that does not break away from principle of the present invention and aim within the scope of the invention, modification, replacement and modification.
Claims (8)
1. laser gain rod, it is characterized in that, the cross section of described laser gain rod is non-rotating symmetry, the side of its described laser gain rod and section have all carried out polishing, wherein, be injected into the pump light in the described laser gain rod, in communication process, be not easy the strong helical space distribution in edge a little less than the formation center, help to improve the skin effect of described pump light in described laser gain rod, make described pump light spatial distribution in described laser gain rod more even.
2. laser gain rod as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the material of described laser gain rod is laser crystal, laser glass, laser ceramics or the laser plastic that is mixed with thulium.
3. laser gain as claimed in claim 2 rod is characterized in that, described thulium comprises one or more the combination in neodymium, ytterbium, erbium, thulium, the holmium.
4. laser gain as claimed in claim 2 rod is characterized in that, described laser crystal comprises one or more the combination in yag crystal, yttrium vanadate crystal, gadolinium vanadate crystal, the lithium yttrium fluoride.
5. laser gain rod as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the external diameter of described laser gain rod is 0.05-20mm.
6. laser gain rod as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the shape of cross section of described laser gain rod is D shape or inequilateral polygon etc.
7. a laser oscillator is characterized in that, has each described laser gain rod of claim 1-5.
8. a laser amplifier is characterized in that, has each described laser gain rod of claim 1-5.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210586175.6A CN103050871B (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2012-12-28 | Laser gain rod as well as laser oscillator and laser amplifier comprising the same |
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| CN103050871B CN103050871B (en) | 2015-04-15 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111064068A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2020-04-24 | 朗美通经营有限责任公司 | Amplifier assembly |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0369281A2 (en) * | 1988-11-16 | 1990-05-23 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Optically pumped solid laser |
| US6614826B1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2003-09-02 | Synrad, Inc. | Laser system and method for gain medium with output beam transverse profile tailoring longitudinal strips |
| CN102520474A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-06-27 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Side pump all fiber and laser and amplifier based on all fiber |
| EP2475054A1 (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2012-07-11 | UAB "Ekspla" | Collinearly pumped multiple thin disk active medium and its pumping scheme |
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2012
- 2012-12-28 CN CN201210586175.6A patent/CN103050871B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0369281A2 (en) * | 1988-11-16 | 1990-05-23 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Optically pumped solid laser |
| US6614826B1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2003-09-02 | Synrad, Inc. | Laser system and method for gain medium with output beam transverse profile tailoring longitudinal strips |
| EP2475054A1 (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2012-07-11 | UAB "Ekspla" | Collinearly pumped multiple thin disk active medium and its pumping scheme |
| CN102520474A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-06-27 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Side pump all fiber and laser and amplifier based on all fiber |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| MARTIN OSTERMEYER,ET AL: "Quasi-continuous-wave birefringence-compensated single- and double-rod Nd:YAG lasers", 《APPLIED OPTICS》, vol. 41, no. 36, 20 December 2002 (2002-12-20), pages 7573 - 7582 * |
| SUNGMAN LEE, ETAL: "A diode-pumped linear intracavity frequency doubled Nd: YAG rod laser with 40ns pulse width and 73W green output power", 《OPTICS & LASER TECHNOLOGY》, vol. 36, no. 4, 30 June 2004 (2004-06-30), pages 265 - 271 * |
| 程勇，等: "光学补偿LD侧向非均匀泵浦全固化激光器", 《强激光与粒子束》, vol. 17, 30 April 2005 (2005-04-30), pages 1 - 5 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111064068A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2020-04-24 | 朗美通经营有限责任公司 | Amplifier assembly |
| US11894651B2 (en) | 2018-10-16 | 2024-02-06 | Lumentum Operations Llc | Amplifier assembly |
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| CN103050871B (en) | 2015-04-15 |
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