CN103048631A - Magnetic field sensor and measurement method based on fiber Bragg grating laser - Google Patents
Magnetic field sensor and measurement method based on fiber Bragg grating laser Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic field sensor and a measurement method based on a fiber Bragg grating laser. The magnetic field sensor comprises the fiber Bragg grating laser, a polarizer and a photoelectric detector, which are sequentially connected, wherein linear birefringence which is generated in the laser cavity of the fiber Bragg grating laser is combined with circular birefringence caused by a magnetic field to be measured to form elliptical birefringence; the fiber Bragg grating laser works in a single-longitudinal-mode double-cross-polarization state to generate two laser outputs which belong to a longitudinal mode, have frequency difference and are crossed in a polarization state; the two laser outputs pass through the polarizer, and are input into the photoelectric detector and then mixed to generate a beat frequency signal; and by detecting the frequency change of the beat frequency signal, the change of the elliptical birefringence is calculated, and then the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field to be measured is computed. The invention has the characteristics of small size and flexibility, and is particularly applicable to an application occasion where the point measurement is required. The problems that the conventional magnetic field sensor is large in size and difficult to apply to the application occasion where the point measurement is required are solved.
Description
Technical field
The fiber optics that the present invention relates to magnetic field is measured, and is specifically related to magnetic field sensor and measuring method based on fiber-grating laser.
Background technology
Fiber grating is to utilize the photosensitivity of doped fiber to make, and makes optical fibre refractivity that permanent change occur by special light irradiation.Fiber grating can produce to the incident light that satisfies Bragg's condition of reflection reflection, also just is equivalent at the inside of optical fibre catoptron with wavelength selectivity that writes direct.The sensor that utilizes fiber grating to make has that volume is little, lightweight, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) advantages of higher.Yet this sensor adopts wavelength shift to detect mostly, technical sophistication and expensive, and detection resolution and detection dynamic range all are subject to the restriction of detection means.
Aspect the fiber optics measurement in magnetic field, be divided into direct measurement and indirectly measure two class methods.Directly measurement namely is the measurement to this physical quantity of magnetic field is carried out directly, nothing is changed.Owing to need not the conversion through other physical quantitys, do not relate to intermediate link, therefore often performance is more stable, measurement is more reliable, adaptability is stronger.In direct measuring method, the principle of the Faraday effect that is based on magnetic field that generally adopts.Such as Ao Temabei Yale in 1999, the rich plug of Thomas Germania proposed to utilize the plane of polarization angle that deflects and the method for measuring magnetic field along light through the proportional relation of magnetic field integration in path of the linearly polarized photon that transmits in medium in magnetic field in " measuring the method and apparatus in magnetic field by Faraday effect " patent of invention (application number CN99802899.1).Indirectly measurement then is other intermediate physical amounts such as electricity, heat, power that first magnetic field are converted into, and realizes measurement to magnetic field by the measurement to these intermediate physical amounts.Such as Zhan Ya song in 2009, Qiu's degradation proposed to utilize the long period fiber grating peak wavelength that is solidificated on the magnetostriction materials with the method for being measured magnetic field by the variation relation of measuring magnetic field in " the online sensing measurement instrument of a kind of full fiber type magnetic field intensity " Chinese invention patent (application number CN200920209227.1).
Because the Faraday effect of optical fiber is very faint, therefore most technical schemes all need optical fiber tens of even up to a hundred meters could realize effective measurement to magnetic field, this is so that the sensor of these conceptual designs is large, underaction, and is difficult to need to be applicable to the application scenario of point measurement.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the magnetic field sensor based on fiber-grating laser, designed sensor is small and exquisite, flexible, need to be specially adapted to the application scenario of point measurement, to have solved the problem that existing magnetic field sensor size is large, be difficult to be applicable to need the application scenario of point measurement.
Another object of the present invention provides the Measurement Method for Magnetic Field based on fiber-grating laser, is intended to solve the problem that existing Measurement Method for Magnetic Field is difficult to be applied in the point measurement occasion.
Purpose of the present invention adopts following technical proposals to realize: based on the magnetic field sensor of fiber-grating laser, comprise the fiber-grating laser, the polarizer and the photodetector that connect successively; The linear birefrigence that produces in the laser cavity of the described fiber-grating laser rear formation ellipse birefringence that combines with the circular birefringence that causes until measuring magnetic field; Fiber-grating laser is operated in single longitudinal mode biorthogonal polarization state, produces two and belongs to a Laser output longitudinal mode, that have frequency difference, the polarization state quadrature;
Described two Laser outputs are inputted photodetector behind the polarizer, mix to produce the beat signal of difference that a frequency equals the frequency of two laser instruments outputs in photodetector; By detecting the frequency change of described beat signal, extrapolate the variation of described ellipse birefringence, calculate again the magnetic field intensity for the treatment of measuring magnetic field.
Another object of the present invention realizes by following technical proposals: the Measurement Method for Magnetic Field based on fiber-grating laser may further comprise the steps:
S1, fiber-grating laser is positioned over treats in the measuring magnetic field, treat that measuring magnetic field introduces a circular birefringence that is proportional to magnetic field intensity by Faraday effect in described fiber-grating laser; The linear birefrigence that produces in the laser cavity of described circular birefringence and the described fiber-grating laser formation ellipse birefringence that combines, there are one to one relation in the size of ellipse birefringence and the size of magnetic field intensity;
S2, described fiber-grating laser are operated in single longitudinal mode biorthogonal polarization state, produce two and belong to a Laser output longitudinal mode, that have frequency difference, the polarization state quadrature;
S3, described two Laser outputs are inputted photodetector and are detected behind the polarizer, mix to produce the beat signal of difference that a frequency equals the frequency of two laser instruments outputs in photodetector;
S4, employing FM signal demodulation method detect the frequency change of described beat signal, extrapolate the variation of described ellipse birefringence, calculate the magnetic field intensity for the treatment of measuring magnetic field again.
Principle of the present invention is as follows: at first make the short cavity fiber-grating laser that has two orthogonal polarisation state outputs and have each other the certain frequency difference at rare earth doped optical fiber.Then this fiber-grating laser is placed magnetic field to be measured.Utilize the Faraday effect in magnetic field in fiber-grating laser, to introduce a circular birefringence, thereby so that the frequency difference of two orthogonal polarisation state outlet chambers of fiber-grating laser change with magnetic field intensity.At last the output of fiber-grating laser is surveyed through sending into photodetector after the polarizer, thereby the frequency difference of two orthogonal polarisation state outlet chambers of fiber-grating laser is changed into the frequency change of radio frequency beat signal.Can and then try to achieve the size of magnetic field intensity by detecting this frequency change, realize the measurement to magnetic field.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention is that a kind of brand-new method realizes utilizing fiber-grating laser to the measurement in magnetic field, adopts the short cavity fiber-grating laser with cross polarization dual output to realize, can overcome the defective that ordinary optic fibre grating sensor wavelength detects.External magnetic field acts in the gain fibre of laser cavity, and then changes the frequency of two orthogonal polarisation state of this laser instrument; By photodetector, two optical frequencies are carried out mixing after, obtain its beat frequency; Can instead know the size of fiber-grating laser surrounding magnetic field by inference by detecting beat frequency.Have small and exquisitely, flexible, need to be specially adapted to the characteristics of the application scenario of point measurement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the schematic diagram of the magnetic field sensor of the birefringent fiber-grating laser of cross polarization;
Fig. 2 is the beat frequency translation curve figure in the magnetic field of a 4500G;
Fig. 3 applies not measured beat frequency rate curve map simultaneously of magnetic field intensity.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes the fiber-grating laser 101, wavelength division multiplexer 105, isolator 107, Polarization Controller 108, the polarizer 109 and the photodetector 110 that connect successively, and the pump light source 106 that is connected with wavelength division multiplexer 105, it is the light 112 of 980 nanometers that pump light source 106 produces wavelength, and what transmit between isolator 107 and the wavelength division multiplexer 105 is that wavelength is the light 113 of 1550 nanometers; Described fiber-grating laser 101 places axial magnetic field 102 to be measured.Fiber-grating laser is the short cavity fiber-grating laser that uses the routine techniques means to make at rare earth doped optical fiber, because the linear birefrigence that the factors such as imperfect circle of optical fiber cause, this short cavity fiber-grating laser itself can produce the Laser output of two polarization state quadratures that belong to a longitudinal mode, and there is certain difference in the frequency of these two Laser outputs.When not having magnetic field around the short cavity fiber-grating laser, this frequency difference is proportional to birefringent size.
Be operated in single longitudinal mode biorthogonal polarization state optical fiber grating laser and be placed in the axial magnetic field 102 that two solenoids 103 shown in Figure 1 produce, be used for the sensing magnetic field intensity; The axial magnetic field that electric current 104 on two solenoids produces namely is to treat measuring magnetic field in actual use.When the Output of laser of double frequency fiber-grating laser behind the polarizer, when sending into photodetector and detecting, the frequency difference of two orthogonal polarisation state outlet chambers of fiber-grating laser just changes the frequency change of radio frequency beat signal into, the Laser output of two bundle orthogonal polarizations produces a beat signal in Spectrum Analyzer 111, and its frequency is provided by following formula:
Here, c is the light velocity in the vacuum, λ
0Optical maser wavelength, n
0With B be respectively mean refractive index and the birefringence of optical fiber.Beat frequency rate is proportional to the birefringence of optical fiber.Therefore, any disturbance that causes birefringence to change all can detect by the frequency displacement of distinguishing beat frequency.Usually, have an intrinsic linear birefrigence β in the fiber laser cavity, the intrinsic polarization mode that it causes is the pattern of two linear polarizations.When an axial magnetic field was applied to fiber laser cavity, the Faraday rotation effect by magnetic field can produce even circular birefringence in the chamber.Therefore, when fiber laser cavity is placed in the axial magnetic field, the resultant effect of the circular birefringence that the linear birefrigence of intrinsic and magnetic field cause in its chamber is ellipse birefringence, and there are one to one relation in the size of this ellipse birefringence and the size of magnetic field intensity, and its size is given by following formula:
As circular birefringence α during much smaller than linear birefrigence β, formula (2) can be approximately:
By formula (1), beat frequency rate is determined have by linear birefrigence and circular birefringence:
In nonferromagnetic material, Faraday effect produces circular birefringence by induced by magnetic field and causes a plane of polarization along the linear polarized beams of magnetic direction transmission to rotate.And the Faraday rotation angle is proportional to the magnetic field intensity H that applies, that is:
θ
F＝VHL (5)
Wherein, V is the Verdet constant, and L is the transmission length of light wave in magnetic field.Therefore, the circular birefringence that causes of magnetic field can be expressed as:
α＝2VH. (6)
Therefore, for by the circular birefringence of induced by magnetic field much smaller than the situation of linear birefrigence (in general, when circular birefringence during less than linear birefrigence 1/5, can think that circular birefringence is much smaller than linear birefrigence), the pass in beat frequency rate and magnetic field is:
That is to say, for by the circular birefringence of the induced by magnetic field situation much smaller than linear birefrigence, specifically, be exactly the beat frequency rate of the biorthogonal polarization double frequency fiber-grating laser that causes of magnetic field when changing when not having magnetic field the beat frequency rate value (in other words, the beat frequency rate of the biorthogonal polarization double frequency fiber-grating laser that magnetic field causes changes 1/5 o'clock of when not having magnetic field beat frequency rate value), the beat frequency rate of gained biorthogonal polarization double frequency fiber-grating laser is proportional to the square value of magnetic field intensity.Yet, very strong or when using the ultralow optical fiber of linear birefrigence when magnetic field intensity, specifically, be exactly that the circular birefringence of induced by magnetic field is greater than 5 times of linear birefrigences, when the beat frequency rate that shows as the biorthogonal polarization double frequency fiber-grating laser that magnetic field causes changed 5 times of when not having magnetic field beat frequency rate value, leading birefringence then was circular birefringence.At this moment, the beat frequency rate linearity is proportional to the size of magnetic field intensity:
As the above analysis, change by the beat frequency rate of measuring biorthogonal polarization double frequency fiber-grating laser, thereby can extrapolate the variation of the ellipse birefringence in the fiber-grating laser, and then calculate the size of fiber-grating laser surrounding magnetic field intensity (namely treating the magnetic field intensity of measuring magnetic field), realize the fiber optics in magnetic field is measured.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, electric current is injected into two solenoids, produces the magnetic field conduct parallel with two solenoidal axis and treats measuring magnetic field.Fiber-grating laser is positioned between two solenoids, and its axis is parallel to solenoidal axis.Fiber-grating laser is a dual-polarization distributed bragg reflector mirror (DBR) fiber-grating laser, and it has inscribed respectively grating that two length are respectively 7.5mm and 5.5mm as catoptron on Er-doped fiber, and two grating spaces are 6mm.Its absorption coefficient at the 979nm place is 11.3dB/m.Two cross polarizations output of fiber-grating laser mixes in photodetector, produces the beat signal that a frequency equals the difference of the frequency that two laser instruments export.
When fiber-grating laser under free state, when namely acting on fiber laser cavity without periphery magnetic field or other physical quantitys, beat frequency concentrates on about 392MHz.When applying magnetic field, beat frequency is transferred to higher frequency.By the continuous monitoring beat frequency rate, can measure the frequency displacement that magnetic field causes.Namely when beginning to measure, magnetic field is applied on the fiber laser cavity.After a period of time, remove magnetic field, fiber-grating laser returns to free state, causes the drastic shift of beat frequency rate.Fig. 2 is that the measurement of beat frequency frequency displacement can identify the frequency shift of about 520kHz clearly when a magnetic field was 4500G.Because some environmental interference, such as flowing of vibration and air, beat frequency rate shows some flickers around a certain particular value.Therefore, be level and smooth measurement result, carry out with the beat frequency value of 100 measurements that the curve of the moving average that obtains is is also marked and drawed in Fig. 2.
Subsequently, measure the beat frequency rate that changes with change of magnetic field strength.Magnetic field intensity increases to 4500G from 0 first, and then drops to 0, and step-length all is 500G.Measurement result is shown in Fig. 3.The curve that is calculated by theory also is shown in Fig. 3, and it and the Data Matching that records get fine, have confirmed theoretical analysis.In addition, the result was also mated when the measurement result when magnetic field intensity increases and magnetic field intensity reduced, and had shown very high repeatability.
Because the length of the fiber-grating laser of making is very short, therefore can realize flexibly small and exquisite magnetic field sensor, so that the sensor that proposes is used in large-scale application, especially those need the situation of point measurement.At present, show by theoretical analysis and experimental result, to the restriction of sensitivity mainly from two aspects.One is the frequency noise of beat frequency, and this has limited the resolving ability of frequency displacement.This can keep the establishment of component sensor to improve by encapsulation and the polarization with the vibration isolation.Another also is leading factor, is that the Verdet constant of laser cavity is quite low.The Verdet constant that calculates according to theoretical and measurement data is about 0.68rad/T/m.As a comparison, the Verdet constant of Tb optical fiber can be up to-24.5 ± 1.0rad/T/m.Therefore, be the sensitivity of Effective Raise magnetic field sensor, can adopt the Active Optical Fiber of high Verdet constant to make biorthogonal polarization double frequency fiber-grating laser, its sensitivity of surveying magnetic field can further improve several orders of magnitude.
Above-described embodiment is the better embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under Spirit Essence of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. based on the magnetic field sensor of fiber-grating laser, it is characterized in that, comprise the fiber-grating laser, the polarizer and the photodetector that connect successively; The linear birefrigence that produces in the laser cavity of the described fiber-grating laser rear formation ellipse birefringence that combines with the circular birefringence that causes until measuring magnetic field; Fiber-grating laser is operated in single longitudinal mode biorthogonal polarization state, produces two and belongs to a Laser output longitudinal mode, that have frequency difference, the polarization state quadrature;
Described two Laser outputs are inputted photodetector behind the polarizer, mix to produce the beat signal of difference that a frequency equals the frequency of two laser instruments outputs in photodetector; By detecting the frequency change of described beat signal, extrapolate the variation of described ellipse birefringence, calculate again the magnetic field intensity for the treatment of measuring magnetic field.
2. the magnetic field sensor based on fiber-grating laser according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the short cavity fiber-grating laser of described fiber-grating laser for making at rare earth doped optical fiber.
3. the magnetic field sensor based on fiber-grating laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fiber-grating laser is dual-polarization distributed bragg reflector mirror fiber-grating laser, two grating lengths as catoptron are respectively 7.5mm and 5.5mm, and two grating spaces are 6mm.
4. the magnetic field sensor based on fiber-grating laser according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when circular birefringence during greater than 5 times of linear birefrigences, the frequency of described beat signal and magnetic field intensity H close and be:
Wherein c is the light velocity in the vacuum, n
0Be the mean refractive index of optical fiber, V is the Verdet constant, and β is linear birefrigence.
5. the magnetic field sensor based on fiber-grating laser according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when circular birefringence during less than linear birefrigence 1/5, the frequency of described beat signal and magnetic field intensity H close and be:
Wherein c is the light velocity in the vacuum, n
0Be the mean refractive index of optical fiber, V is the Verdet constant, and β is linear birefrigence.
6. the magnetic field sensor based on fiber-grating laser according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described measuring magnetic field for the treatment of is produced by the solenoid of two energisings; Described fiber-grating laser is positioned between the solenoid of two energisings, and its axis is parallel to solenoidal axis.
7. based on the Measurement Method for Magnetic Field of fiber-grating laser, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
S1, fiber-grating laser is positioned over treats in the measuring magnetic field, treat that measuring magnetic field introduces a circular birefringence that is proportional to magnetic field intensity by Faraday effect in described fiber-grating laser; The linear birefrigence that produces in the laser cavity of described circular birefringence and the described fiber-grating laser formation ellipse birefringence that combines, there are one to one relation in the size of ellipse birefringence and the size of magnetic field intensity;
S2, described fiber-grating laser are operated in single longitudinal mode biorthogonal polarization state, produce two and belong to a Laser output longitudinal mode, that have frequency difference, the polarization state quadrature;
S3, described two Laser outputs are inputted photodetector and are detected behind the polarizer, mix to produce the beat signal of difference that a frequency equals the frequency of two laser instruments outputs in photodetector;
S4, employing FM signal demodulation method detect the frequency change of described beat signal, extrapolate the variation of described ellipse birefringence, calculate the magnetic field intensity for the treatment of measuring magnetic field again.
8. Measurement Method for Magnetic Field according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described fiber-grating laser is made at rare earth doped optical fiber.
9. Measurement Method for Magnetic Field according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the described measuring magnetic field for the treatment of is produced by the solenoid of two energisings; Described fiber-grating laser is positioned between the solenoid of two energisings, and its axis is parallel to solenoidal axis.
10. Measurement Method for Magnetic Field according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described fiber-grating laser is dual-polarization distributed bragg reflector mirror fiber-grating laser, and two grating lengths that are used as catoptron are respectively 7.5mm and 5.5mm, and two grating spaces are 6mm.
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| CN103616649A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-03-05 | 暨南大学 | Magnetic field sensor sensitivity tuning method based on fiber bragg grating laser |
| CN103760504A (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2014-04-30 | 昆明理工大学 | Fiber Bragg optical grating spatial magnetic field intensity sensor based on giant magnetostriction materials and use method of fiber Bragg optical grating spatial magnetic field intensity sensor |
| CN103983285A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-08-13 | 天津大学 | Beat frequency signal one-way demodulation device based on dual-polarization fiber laser sensor |
| CN105629185B (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2018-07-20 | 北京信息科技大学 | A method of based on ultrasonic pulse induction grating deformation for measuring magnetic field |
| CN110268248A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2019-09-20 | 卡罗尔·Y·斯卡利特 | The circular brief-ringence of material identifies |
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| CN103616649A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-03-05 | 暨南大学 | Magnetic field sensor sensitivity tuning method based on fiber bragg grating laser |
| CN103760504A (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2014-04-30 | 昆明理工大学 | Fiber Bragg optical grating spatial magnetic field intensity sensor based on giant magnetostriction materials and use method of fiber Bragg optical grating spatial magnetic field intensity sensor |
| CN103760504B (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2016-06-08 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of optical fiber Bragg raster space magnetic field intensity sensor based on giant magnetostrictive material and using method thereof |
| CN103983285A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-08-13 | 天津大学 | Beat frequency signal one-way demodulation device based on dual-polarization fiber laser sensor |
| CN105629185B (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2018-07-20 | 北京信息科技大学 | A method of based on ultrasonic pulse induction grating deformation for measuring magnetic field |
| CN110268248A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2019-09-20 | 卡罗尔·Y·斯卡利特 | The circular brief-ringence of material identifies |
| CN111381199A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-07 | 华中科技大学 | Pulse high-intensity magnetic field optical measurement system and method |
| CN111381199B (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-02-09 | 华中科技大学 | Pulse high-intensity magnetic field optical measurement system and method |
| CN118275748A (en) * | 2024-06-04 | 2024-07-02 | 河南师范大学 | Optical fiber current transformer based on three-cavity mirror strong feedback and optical fiber current transformer method |
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