CN103048541A - Testing method for conductivity change in service process of grounding material - Google Patents
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种接地材料服役过程中导电性能变化的试验方法。其方法即对接地材料进行如下4个试验：（1）电流温升试验；（2）冰冻-熔化试验；（3）中性盐雾腐蚀试验；（4）电流冲击试验。本发明方法提出了四个过程来模拟接地材料的服役环境，通过电阻测量和宏观检验来评定接地材料的优劣，给电气设备接地材料的检验检测提供了可行的方法。The invention relates to a test method for the change of electrical conductivity of a grounding material during service. The method is to conduct the following four tests on the grounding material: (1) current temperature rise test; (2) freezing-melting test; (3) neutral salt spray corrosion test; (4) current shock test. The method of the invention proposes four processes to simulate the service environment of the grounding material, evaluates the quality of the grounding material through resistance measurement and macroscopic inspection, and provides a feasible method for inspection and detection of the grounding material of electrical equipment.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种用于对电网接地材料在服役过程中的导电性能的稳定性进行试验的接地材料导电性能变化的试验方法。 The invention relates to a test method for the change of the conductivity of the grounding material used for testing the stability of the conductivity of the grounding material of the power grid during the service process.
背景技术 Background technique
电网接地材料的服役环境恶劣，受到多种因素的影响其主要性能导电性会在服役过程中发生变化，比如受雷击时的大电流作用、环境的腐蚀、冰冻等等，在这些因素的作用下其导电性能会降低，进而影响设备的接地效果，因此研究接地材料在服役过程中的导电性能的变化情况，并选择更好的接地材料是十分必要的。 The service environment of the power grid grounding material is harsh, and it is affected by many factors. Its conductivity will be reduced, which will affect the grounding effect of the equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to study the change of the conductivity of the grounding material during service and to choose a better grounding material.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就在于提供一种能对接地材料在服役过程中导电性能变化进行试验的方法。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method capable of testing the change of the electrical conductivity of the grounding material during service.
本发明的技术方案为：一种接地材料服役过程中导电性能变化的试验方法，其方法即对接地材料进行如下4个试验： The technical solution of the present invention is: a test method for the change of the conductivity of the grounding material during service, the method is to carry out the following four tests on the grounding material:
（1）电流温升试验：是给接地材料通大电流，通过电流的热效应让接地材料的温度升高至350摄氏度并保持温度恒定1小时及以上，然后冷却至室温，以此完成一次循环，至少完成25次循环之后，测量接地材料的电阻。 (1) Current temperature rise test: A large current is applied to the grounding material, and the temperature of the grounding material is raised to 350 degrees Celsius through the thermal effect of the current, and the temperature is kept constant for 1 hour or more, and then cooled to room temperature to complete a cycle. After at least 25 cycles have been completed, measure the resistance of the ground material.
（2）冰冻-熔化试验：是将接地材料放在水中，将水的温度降低到零下10摄氏度以下并保持2小时以上，然后恢复到室温，以此完成一次循环，经过10次或以上循环之后，测量接地材料的电阻。 (2) Freezing-melting test: Put the grounding material in water, lower the temperature of the water to below minus 10 degrees Celsius and keep it for more than 2 hours, and then return to room temperature to complete a cycle. After 10 or more cycles , to measure the resistance of the grounded material.
（3）中性盐雾腐蚀试验：是将接地材料放在中性盐雾中间至少500小时以上，之后测量接地材料的电阻并观察接地材料的外观，所述中性盐雾采用4%—8%的NaCl蒸馏水溶液。 (3) Neutral salt spray corrosion test: place the grounding material in the neutral salt spray for at least 500 hours, then measure the resistance of the grounding material and observe the appearance of the grounding material. The neutral salt spray uses 4%-8 % NaCl in distilled water.
（4）电流冲击试验：是给接地材料通冲击电流，冲击电流的大小是其熔化电流的90%，之后测量接地材料的电阻并观察接地材料的外观。 (4) Current shock test: pass a shock current to the grounding material, the magnitude of the shock current is 90% of its melting current, then measure the resistance of the grounding material and observe the appearance of the grounding material.
本发明的有益效果为：随着电网向着集约化、规范化的发展，电气设备接地材料的可靠接地显得尤为重要。以往电气设备的接地采用经验数据和随意接地的方式。例如在选材料上，根据可能产生的危害，选用心理上可接受的材料，并采用方便的一种连接方式，没有考虑在最危险情况下可能产生的后果。没有科学的计算和接地装置的耐受性检验。一些科研院院开始认识到检验的必要性，正在逐步规范，制定一些相关标准。 The beneficial effects of the invention are: as the power grid develops toward intensification and standardization, reliable grounding of electrical equipment grounding materials is particularly important. In the past, the grounding of electrical equipment used empirical data and random grounding. For example, in the selection of materials, according to the possible hazards, select psychologically acceptable materials, and adopt a convenient connection method, without considering the possible consequences in the most dangerous situation. There is no scientific calculation and tolerance test of the grounding device. Some scientific research institutes have begun to realize the necessity of inspection, and are gradually standardizing and formulating some relevant standards.
本发明方法提出了四个过程来模拟接地材料的服役环境，通过电阻测量和宏观检验来评定接地材料的优劣，给电气设备接地材料的检验检测提供了可行的方法。 The method of the invention proposes four processes to simulate the service environment of the grounding material, evaluates the quality of the grounding material through resistance measurement and macroscopic inspection, and provides a feasible method for inspection and detection of the grounding material of electrical equipment.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例一种接地材料服役过程中导电性能变化的试验方法中所采用的全自动试验装置的构成示意框图； Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the composition of the fully automatic test device adopted in the test method for the change of the conductivity of the grounding material during the service process of the embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例一种接地材料服役过程中导电性能变化的试验方法中所采用的的全自动试验装置的结构示意图； Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fully automatic test device used in a test method for the change in electrical conductivity of a grounding material during service according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例一种接地材料服役过程中导电性能变化的试验方法中所采用的全自动试验装置中试样夹持机构的结构示意图。 FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a sample clamping mechanism in a fully automatic test device used in a test method for a change in electrical conductivity of a grounding material during service according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
本发明实施例一种接地材料服役过程中导电性能变化的试验方法的，其方法即对接地材料进行如下4个试验： The embodiment of the present invention relates to a test method for the change of electrical conductivity of the grounding material during service. The method is to carry out the following four tests on the grounding material:
（1）电流温升试验：是给接地材料通大电流，通过电流的热效应让接地材料的温度升高至350摄氏度并保持温度恒定1小时及以上，然后冷却至室温，以此完成一次循环，至少完成25次循环之后，测量接地材料的电阻。 (1) Current temperature rise test: A large current is applied to the grounding material, and the temperature of the grounding material is raised to 350 degrees Celsius through the thermal effect of the current, and the temperature is kept constant for 1 hour or more, and then cooled to room temperature to complete a cycle. After at least 25 cycles have been completed, measure the resistance of the ground material.
（2）冰冻-熔化试验：是将接地材料放在水中，将水的温度降低到零下10摄氏度以下并保持2小时以上，然后恢复到室温，以此完成一次循环，经过10次或以上循环之后，测量接地材料的电阻。 (2) Freezing-melting test: Put the grounding material in water, lower the temperature of the water to below minus 10 degrees Celsius and keep it for more than 2 hours, and then return to room temperature to complete a cycle. After 10 or more cycles , to measure the resistance of the grounded material.
（3）中性盐雾腐蚀试验：是将接地材料放在中性盐雾中间至少500小时以上，之后测量接地材料的电阻并观察接地材料的外观，所述中性盐雾采用4%—8%的NaCl蒸馏水溶液。 (3) Neutral salt spray corrosion test: place the grounding material in the neutral salt spray for at least 500 hours, then measure the resistance of the grounding material and observe the appearance of the grounding material. The neutral salt spray uses 4%-8 % NaCl in distilled water.
（4）电流冲击试验：是给接地材料通冲击电流，冲击电流的大小是其熔化电流的90%，之后测量接地材料的电阻并观察接地材料的外观。 (4) Current shock test: pass a shock current to the grounding material, the magnitude of the shock current is 90% of its melting current, then measure the resistance of the grounding material and observe the appearance of the grounding material.
本发明在实施时可开发如附图1、2、3所示的一种用于接地材料导电性能变化试验的全自动试验装置，如图1所示其包括一体化的四个实验装置以及控制系统和评价系统，一体化的四个实验装置分别包括电流-温升试验装置、电流-温升试验装置、故障电流冲击试验装置；控制系统包括采集机构和执行机构， 评价系统包括电阻测量机构和接地材料外观的采集评价机构；控制系统的采集机构和评价系统的电阻测量机构相连接，控制系统的执行机构连接并控制一体化的四个实验装置和评价系统的接地材料外观的采集评价机构。
The present invention can be developed as shown in accompanying
如图2所示，
as shown in
大电流发生器和微欧计与夹具5连接，试验前将电气设备接地材料夹持在试样夹持机构两边的夹具5上，设定大电流发生器的试验参数，冰冻熔化的试验参数，盐雾腐蚀试验的参数，然后由控制系统启动微欧计测量接地材料的初始电阻并采集数据
The large current generator and the micro-ohmmeter are connected to the
接着由控制系统发信号给大电流发生器，开始进行电流温升试验，试验结束后发信号给控制系统，控制系统启动微欧计测量接地材料的电阻。 Then the control system sends a signal to the large current generator to start the current temperature rise test. After the test is over, it sends a signal to the control system, and the control system starts the micro-ohmmeter to measure the resistance of the grounding material.
电阻测量之后控制系统通过试样夹持机构将接地材料移动到冰冻熔化试验箱体3所开的缺口正中，由箱体提升装置1将冰冻熔化试验上箱体下降，进行密封，然后开始进行冰冻熔化试验。冰冻熔化试验结束后，控制系统通过提升装置1提升上箱体，夹具5在弹簧7的作用下带动接地材料上升，同时启动微欧计测量接地材料的电阻，并由采集系统采集数据，然后启动可在导轨11上活动的数码显微镜进行自动拍照，以此进行宏观检验。
After the resistance measurement, the control system moves the grounding material to the center of the gap opened by the freeze-
然后由控制系统通过试样夹持机构将接地材料移动到盐雾腐蚀试验箱体2上的缺口9正中，由箱体提升装置1将盐雾腐蚀试验上箱体下降，进行密封，然后开始进行盐雾腐蚀试验。盐雾腐蚀试验结束后，控制系统通过提升装置1提升上箱体，夹具5在弹簧7的作用下带动接地材料上升，同时启动微欧计测量接地材料的电阻，并由采集系统采集数据，然后启动可在导轨11上活动的数码显微镜进行自动拍照，以此进行宏观检验。
Then the control system moves the grounding material to the center of the
然后控制系统发信号给大电流发生器进行故障电流冲击试验，故障电流冲击试验结束后大电流发生器发信号给控制系统，同时启动微欧计测量接地材料的电阻，并由采集系统采集数据，然后启动可在导轨11上活动的数码显微镜进行自动拍照，以此进行宏观检验。
Then the control system sends a signal to the high current generator to perform the fault current impact test. After the fault current impact test is completed, the high current generator sends a signal to the control system, and at the same time starts the micro-ohmmeter to measure the resistance of the grounding material, and the data is collected by the acquisition system. Then start the movable digital microscope on the
电气设备接地材料装夹在夹头上，夹头可在两侧行走机构带动下移动，大电流发生器与微欧计。 The grounding material of electrical equipment is clamped on the chuck, and the chuck can be moved under the drive of the traveling mechanism on both sides, a large current generator and a micro-ohmmeter.
在支架（11）的横梁上左右分别设置有一个纵向提升机构（1）； A longitudinal lifting mechanism (1) is arranged on the left and right sides of the beam of the bracket (11);
所述盐雾试验箱体（2）和冰冻熔化试验箱体（3）均设为上、下两个部分，在盐雾试验箱体（2）和冰冻熔化试验箱体（3）的上下部分上设有对应的凹槽（9），盐雾试验箱体（2）和冰冻熔化试验箱体（3）的下半部分设置在支架（11）的底板上，盐雾试验箱体（2）和冰冻熔化试验箱体（3）的上半部分连接在位置对应的纵向提升机构（1）上； The salt spray test box (2) and the freeze-thaw test box (3) are both set as upper and lower parts, and the upper and lower parts of the salt spray test box (2) and the freeze-thaw test box (3) Corresponding grooves (9) are provided on the top, the lower half of the salt spray test chamber (2) and the freeze-thaw test chamber (3) are set on the bottom plate of the bracket (11), and the salt spray test chamber (2) The upper half of the freeze-thaw test box (3) is connected to the corresponding vertical lifting mechanism (1);
在支架（11）的底板上设有配套盐雾试验箱体（2）和冰冻熔化试验箱体（3）的横向行走机构（4），所述的横向行走机构（4）由夹具（5）、弹簧（7）、立柱（8）、底座（10）组成，底座（10）设置为对称的两个分别移动安装在支架（11）的底板上位于试验箱体的两侧，在各底座（10）上安装有立柱（8），在各立柱（8）上套设有弹簧（7），在两个立柱（7）的上端配设有能上下移动的夹具（5），弹簧（7）顶在夹具（5）下部。 On the bottom plate of the bracket (11), there is a lateral running mechanism (4) supporting the salt spray test box (2) and the freezing and melting test box (3). , spring (7), column (8), and base (10), the base (10) is set to be symmetrically moved and installed on the bottom plate of the bracket (11) on both sides of the test box, on each base ( 10) Columns (8) are installed on each column (8), and springs (7) are sleeved on each column (8), and clamps (5) that can move up and down are arranged on the upper ends of the two columns (7), and springs (7) Top on the lower part of the clamp (5).
弹簧（7）用于保证夹具（5）始终处于立柱（8）的最高位置，横向行走机构（4）可以在底座（10）的带动下横向移动。 The spring (7) is used to ensure that the clamp (5) is always at the highest position of the column (8), and the lateral traveling mechanism (4) can move laterally under the drive of the base (10).
电流温升试验是测试接地材料在大电流持续作用下的性能稳定性，冰冻熔化试验和盐雾腐蚀试验是模拟自然条件下的性能稳定性，故障电流冲击试验是测试接地材料在设备故障时的保护作用，通过这四个试验，模拟了电气设备接地材料服役过程中的各种条件，较好的测试了电气设备接地材料的使用性能。 The current temperature rise test is to test the performance stability of the grounding material under the continuous action of large current, the freezing and melting test and the salt spray corrosion test are to simulate the performance stability under natural conditions, and the fault current impact test is to test the performance stability of the grounding material when the equipment fails. Protective effect, through these four tests, various conditions during the service process of the electrical equipment grounding material are simulated, and the performance of the electrical equipment grounding material is better tested.
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