CN103048180A - Method for extracting microscale carbide in Super304H austenitic stainless steel - Google Patents
Method for extracting microscale carbide in Super304H austenitic stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN103048180A CN103048180A CN2012105357849A CN201210535784A CN103048180A CN 103048180 A CN103048180 A CN 103048180A CN 2012105357849 A CN2012105357849 A CN 2012105357849A CN 201210535784 A CN201210535784 A CN 201210535784A CN 103048180 A CN103048180 A CN 103048180A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting a microscale carbide in Super304H austenitic stainless steel. By a extraction method, a cellulose type semipermeable membrane with molecular cut off being 14000, is arranged between an anode and a cathode, the cellulose type semipermeable membrane does not dissolve in water and can make ions in an electrolyte pass through freely, the cellulose type semipermeable membrane can effectively stops a carbide, a supper304H austenitic stainless steel sample is placed into the cellulose type semipermeable membrane, after electrolytic extraction, the carbide is deposed on the cellulose type semipermeable membrane, and then the carbide is obtained by collection. By selecting proper electrolyte, current density and electrolytic temperature and collecting the carbide, the method can succeed in the extraction of microscale carbide in the super304H austenitic stainless steel with low carbide loss and high extraction efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to and extract trace carbon compound technical field in the stainless steel, be specifically related to the method for trace carbon compound in a kind of Super304H of extraction austenitic stainless steel.
Background technology
The Super304H steel is the novel fine crystal grain austenitic heat-resistance steel that develops rapidly in recent years, and principal feature is to add 3% bronze medal and 0.5% niobium on the basis of TP304H steel, forms NbCrN, Nb (N, C), M in austenitic matrix
23C
6With thin copper-rich phase.Because its excellent creep rupture strength, high-temperature oxidation resistance, anti-steam corrosion performance and cost performance are widely used in and make ultra supercritical thermal power unit boiler high temperature section superheater and reheater.The design temperature of Boiler of Ultra-supercritical Unit high temperature section superheater and reheater is generally 600～610 ℃, is in the central area of the sensitizing temperature (450～825 ℃) of Super304H steel.In operational process, the superheater of the Super304H steel matter of a lot of units and reheater occur in the austenitic stainless steel carbonide separate out poor chromium phenomenon with austenite grain boundary, thereby cause intercrystalline corrosion and leakage accident occur.Therefore, carbonide in the Super304H austenitic stainless steel is carried out quantitative test, comprise assay, form and structure analysis, to significant aspect microstructure Evolution, performance degradation and the life appraisal of Super304H in ultra supercritical unit operation and high-temperature aging process.
At present, the method for extraction trace carbon compound is electrolytic extraction method from alloy.Electrolytic extraction can extract second-phase from matrix, avoid the impact of matrix content, and is helpful for structure and the constituent analysis of the less second-phase of content.Steel and iron-carbon alloy major part are heterogeneous structures, and wherein carbon part is solid-solubilized in α-Fe or the γ-Fe matrix, and part is separated out with the form of second-phase carbonide.During electrolysis, metal material is as anode, and solid solution matrix wherein loses electronics and becomes ionic condition to enter electrolytic solution under the function of current, carbonide in the sample, non-metallic inclusion etc. then can drop in solution, and small part is adsorbed on specimen surface with the state of residue.
For guaranteeing the quality of carbonide extraction, need suitable electrolytic solution, current density and electrolysis temperature, the material that more needs suitable collection carbonide, at present, the semi-permeable diaphragm that the extraction of Mayari carbonide utilizes is made of liquid collodion usually, because collodion can be dissolved in the electrolyte of austenitic stainless steel electrolytic extraction, therefore be not suitable for the extraction of the extraction carbonide of austenitic stainless steel.
So the extraction efficiency to trace carbon compound in the Super304H austenitic stainless steel in the prior art is not high, need to the extracting method of trace carbon compound in the Super304H austenitic stainless steel be improved.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides the method for trace carbon compound in a kind of Super304H of extraction austenitic stainless steel, the material of the method by choosing suitable electrolytic solution, current density, electrolysis temperature and collecting carbonide, trace carbon compound in the extraction Super304H austenitic stainless steel that can be successful, and the carbonide loss is few, and extraction efficiency is high.
Above-mentioned technical matters to be solved by this invention realizes by following technological means: the method for trace carbon compound in a kind of Super304H of extraction austenitic stainless steel, adopt electrolytic extraction method, with Super304H austenite stainless steel sample as anode, with common stainless steel as negative electrode, to contain weakly acidic chlorate or hydrochloric acid as electrolytic solution, molecular cut off be set be 14000 cellulose type semipermeable membrane between anode and negative electrode, described cellulose type semipermeable membrane is insoluble to electrolytic solution but can allows the ion in the electrolytic solution pass freely through, described cellulose type semi-permeable diaphragm can also effectively stop penetrating of carbonide, Super304H austenite stainless steel sample is placed the cellulose type semipermeable membrane, after carrying out electrolytic extraction, carbonaceous deposits is collected and is namely obtained carbonide on the cellulose type semipermeable membrane.
The method is introduced semipermeable membrane between negative electrode and anode, i.e. dialysis membrane, and its principal ingredient is cellulose, is convenient to collect the carbonide on the anode and guarantees the unimpeded of electrolytic process.
Electrolytic solution described in the present invention preferably is comprised of the component of following volumn concentration: 5% hydrochloric acid, 2% citric acid and 5% glycerine, all the other are methyl alcohol.
During electrolytic extraction of the present invention, current density is preferably 0.05A/cm
2～0.07A/cm
2, electrolysis temperature is preferably between-5 ℃ ~+5 ℃.
Electrolytic solution: electrolytic solution is weakly acidic chlorate or hydrochloric acid solution.The solution that adopts chloride ion-containing is because villaumite is soluble, can not produce anodic passivity, can guarantee the activity of anode; Adopt acidity can avoid carbonide to be decomposed, the while forms complex compound with the ferric ion that anodic solution gets off, and prevents from separating out ferric hydroxide precipitate.
Current density: 0.05A/cm
2～0.07A/cm
2This low current density can reduce anode 4OH occurs
--4e
-→ 2H
2O+O
2Reaction suppresses simultaneously negative electrode and produces ferric hydroxide precipitate, is decomposed or oxidation thereby reduce carbonide.Electric current surpasses 0.07A/cm
2Easily cause anodic passivity.
Electrolysis temperature: can prevent below 5 ℃ that the carbonide that causes because of oxidation reaction from decomposing.This experiment adopts the method that adds mixture of ice and water in bubble chamber to guarantee that electrolyte temperature is below 5 ℃.
Super304H austenite stainless steel sample of the present invention is preferably made the pole shape.
As of the present invention preferred embodiment a kind of, the present invention is provided with internal thread hole at an end of described Super304H austenite stainless steel sample, is convenient to the fixing of sample and is connected.
Negative electrode of the present invention is preferably made cylindric, guarantees the even of anode carbon compound extraction.
Molecular cut off of the present invention is that 14000 cellulose type semipermeable membrane is preferably commercially available double-deck cellulose gummed paper.Model is MWCO 7000 bag filters-34, and brand is Green Bird, and manufacturer is Shanghai Green Bird Science﹠amp; Technology Development Co .LTD, its chemical formula are (C
6H
10O
5)
n
The present invention preferably makes capsule shape with the cellulose type semipermeable membrane, collects carbonide when being convenient to electrolytic extraction.
Extract the method for trace carbon compound in the Super304H austenitic stainless steel among the present invention, adopt electrolytic extraction method, need to carry out following preparation in the leaching process:
1, sample
As a kind of preferably embodiment, extraction sample (anode) machine can be processed into the pole shape sample of ф 6 * 60mm, and process the internal thread hole of a M3 at sample one end, being connected and fixing of sample and wire when being used for extraction, and seal with paraffin in the junction.All carry out the metal lographic examination of section before the sample processing, to determine whether material exists the decarburization phenomenon in thermal treatment or operational process, must process if any decarburized layer and remove.
The sample that processes is with anhydrous acetic acid flush away greasy dirt, and exsiccator is put in then oven dry, weighing and record weight.
2, negative electrode
Negative electrode employing thickness is the bulge that the ordinary stainless steel plate of 1mm is done, and making cylindric is to be to guarantee the homogeneity of anode surface electric current and stable current density, to guarantee the homogeneity of anode carbon compound extraction.As a kind of preferably embodiment, stainless steel bulge specification can adopt ф 105 * 160mm.
3, capsule
For the carbonide of collecting extraction with guarantee that electrolytic process is unimpeded, between negative electrode and anode, introduce the semi permeability capsule of making of cellulose gum paper.The starting material of capsule are double-deck cellulose gummed paper (can buy in market), its width is about 44mm, then an end is sealed it with clamp or with glue, and water filling or air blowing are isolated in double-deck cellulose paper, form capsule shape, use in order to collect carbonide during extraction experiments.
4, extraction equipment
Weighing, the anode sample that assembles on request are placed in the cellulose capsule, and are fixed on the anode indentation, there of negative electrode plastic stent with baffle plate.Can carry out simultaneously by a plurality of samples during electrolysis, form one or more electrolytic tanks.Here, electrolytic solution cooling device (below 5 ℃) adopts the foam insulation box that mixture of ice and water is housed to realize.
5, electrolytical configuration
As a kind of preferably embodiment, it is that 5% hydrochloric acid+volumn concentration is that citric acid+volumn concentration of 2% is the methanol solution of 5% glycerine that electrolyte can dispose volumn concentration.
6, the extraction of carbonide
After the certain hour electrolysis, the anode part dissolving, wherein the metallic ion of dissolving enters electrolyte by semi-permeable diaphragm, and carbonide can not pass semi-permeable diaphragm, is blocked on semi-permeable diaphragm inside, is deposited on the inside surface of film.The carbonide of cellulose capsule inboard is poured out in the beaker, and further cleaned electrolytic solution residual in the carbonide with methanol solvate.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage: the present invention can overcome well semi-permeable diaphragm in the electrolytic extracting process and be soluble in electrolytical shortcoming in the austenitic stainless steel, thereby effectively extracts the trace carbon compound from austenitic stainless steel.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is carbonide electrolytic extraction sample super austenitic stainless steel Super304H sample process figure among the embodiment 1-3;
Fig. 1 b is that carbonide electrolytic extraction sample super austenitic stainless steel Super304H anode sample connects pictorial diagram among the embodiment 1-3;
Fig. 2 is the carbonide electrolysis cathode that adopts among the embodiment 1-3;
Fig. 3 a is the cellulose gummed paper that adopts among the embodiment 1-3;
Fig. 3 b adopts cellulose gum paper to make the manufacturing process of cellulose capsule among the embodiment 1-3;
Fig. 4 a is carbonide electrolytic extraction device synoptic diagram among the embodiment 1-3;
Fig. 4 b is that extraction equipment connects pictorial diagram among the embodiment 1-3;
Fig. 5 is the macro morphology figure that extracts carbonide among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 6 is embodiment 1-3 and with the XRD collection of illustrative plates of the carbonide of guncotton capsule preparation;
The SEM shape appearance figure of the carbonide that extracts among Fig. 7 embodiment 1.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
First extracts the method for trace carbon compound from the Super304H austenitic stainless steel
Embodiment 1
1) preparation of anode sample
Take from the Super304H austenitic stainless steel, extract the trace carbon compound as example illustrates method of the present invention.The examples material that adopts is the Super304H austenitic stainless steel that SUMITOMO CHEMICAL is produced, and its chemical constitution is as shown in table 1.
The stainless chemical constitution of table 1 starting material Super304H
The pole shape sample that is machined to by Fig. 1 a of extraction sample (anode), and process the internal thread hole of a M3 at the one end, being connected and fixing of sample and wire when being used for extraction, and seal with paraffin in the junction, such as Fig. 1 b.The sample that processes is with anhydrous acetic acid flush away greasy dirt, then oven dry, weighing and record weight, and it is stand-by to put into exsiccator.
2) preparation of negative electrode
Negative electrode is made bulge by Fig. 2, and specification is ф 105 * 160mm.
3) preparation of capsule
In this experiment, introduce the semi permeability capsule of making of cellulose gum paper.Buy first double-deck cellulose gummed paper in market, its molecular cut off is 14000, width is about 44mm, thickness in monolayer is 0.5mm, such as Fig. 3 a, then an end is sealed it with special clip or glue, just water filling or blow and to be isolated between double-deck cellulose paper, thereby the formation capsule shape is such as Fig. 3 b.
4) assembling of extraction equipment
Weighing, the anode sample that assembles on request are placed in the capsule, and are fixed on the anode indentation, there of negative electrode plastic stent with baffle plate, such as Fig. 4 a.Can carry out simultaneously by a plurality of samples during electrolysis, form one or more electrolytic tanks,, such as Fig. 4 b.Here, electrolytic solution cooling device (below 5 ℃) adopts the foam insulation box that mixture of ice and water is housed to realize.
5) electrolytical configuration
Dispose on request the methanol solution of 5% hydrochloric acid+2% citric acid+5% glycerine.
6, the extraction of carbonide
During electrolytic extraction, current density is 0.05A/cm
2～0.07A/cm
2, electrolysis temperature is below 5 ℃, after electrolysis in 24 hours, the carbonide that drops in the anodic dissolution processes fails to pass semi-permeable diaphragm and to be deposited on cellulose semi-permeable diaphragm capsule inboard.The carbonide of cellulose capsule inboard is poured out in the beaker, and further repeatedly cleaned electrolytic solution residual in the carbonide with methanol solvate.Then the carbonide after will cleaning places vacuum drying chamber to dry, and bake out temperature is 80 ℃.After the oven dry, with the iron spoon beaker bottom carbonide is scraped gently, collect the gained carbonide and see Fig. 5.Weigh at last.It is weighing on the electronic analytical balance of precision 0.001g that carbonide is weighed, carbonide percentage composition=carbonide quality/(sample mass after sample mass before the extraction-extraction).Balance model HANGPING FA1104N.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment extracts the method for trace carbon compound in the Super304H austenitic stainless steel, comprises the steps:
Step 1)～5) identical with embodiment 1;
6) extraction of carbonide
After electrolysis in 28 hours, collect carbonide by the step 6) among the embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment extracts the method for trace carbon compound in the Super304H austenitic stainless steel, comprises the steps:
Step 1)～5) identical with embodiment 1;
6) extraction of carbonide
After electrolysis in 32 hours, collect carbonide by the step 6) among the embodiment 1.
The effect explanation of the carbonide that second portion extracts from embodiment 1-3
1, carbonide purity analysis
Carbide powder macro morphology such as Fig. 5 of collecting from the Super304H austenitic stainless steel among the embodiment 1, the carbonide macro morphology of collecting among the embodiment 2,3 similarly no longer provides.The carbonide of in this test 3 embodiment being collected carries out purity analysis, the purity analysis employing characterizes the method that carbonide carries out the XRD material phase analysis, if the dephasign of non-carbide is more in the carbonide of collecting, illustrate that its purity is lower, its purity is higher on the contrary.For the ease of proving validity of the present invention, provide simultaneously the XRD analysis result with semi-permeable diaphragm (such as the guncotton capsule) the extraction carbonide of other materials preparation, in order to be analyzed here.XRD test result such as Fig. 6 of embodiment 1-3.
As can be seen from Figure 6, the carbonide that utilizes the inventive method extraction to collect does not contain dephasign, contains more dephasign (FeO) and utilize in the guncotton capsule carbonide that extraction is collected as semi-permeable diaphragm.This proves absolutely the validity of trace carbon compound in the electrolytic extraction Super304H austenitic stainless steel of the present invention.
2, carbide content
Extract the carbide content of carbonide absolute content for precipitating in semi-permeable diaphragm capsule inboard of collecting among 3 embodiment from the Super304H austenitic stainless steel after the different time electrolysis, the percentage composition of carbonide can calculate by following formula:
Carbonide percentage composition=extraction carbonide quality/(sample mass after sample mass before the extraction-extraction)
Carbonide absolute content and percentage composition such as table 2 among the embodiment 1-3.
Carbonide absolute content and percentage composition (wt%) among the table 2 embodiment 1-3
Embodiment 1,2,3 extraction time were respectively 24 hours, 28 hours and 32 hours, can find out that the absolute content of carbonide increases with the prolongation of extraction time, but the percentage composition of carbonide is consistent substantially, and be irrelevant with extraction time.This explanation this patent method has good science and reliability.
3, carbonide sem analysis
Sem analysis result such as Fig. 7 of carbonide can find out among the embodiment 1, and morphology of carbides presents round granular and distributes, and EDAX results shows and is MC type carbonide.
Can find out that from the detailed description of foregoing invention the semi-permeable diaphragm that the present invention can overcome in other extracting process well is soluble in the electrolytical shortcoming of extraction carbonide in the austenitic stainless steel, thereby effectively extracts the trace carbon compound from austenitic stainless steel.Certainly, the present invention is not limited only to Super304H, also has identical effect for other austenitic stainless steel.
The present invention will be described more than to enumerate specific embodiment.It is pointed out that above embodiment only for the invention will be further described, does not represent protection scope of the present invention, nonessential modification and adjustment that other people prompting according to the present invention is made still belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. method of extracting trace carbon compound in the Super304H austenitic stainless steel, adopt electrolytic extraction method, with Super304H austenite stainless steel sample as anode, with common stainless steel as negative electrode, to contain weakly acidic chlorate or hydrochloric acid as electrolytic solution, it is characterized in that: molecular cut off is set is 14000 cellulose type semipermeable membrane between anode and negative electrode, described cellulose type semipermeable membrane is insoluble to electrolytic solution but can allows the ion in the electrolytic solution pass freely through, described cellulose type semi-permeable diaphragm can also effectively stop penetrating of carbonide, Super304H austenite stainless steel sample is placed the cellulose type semipermeable membrane, after carrying out electrolytic extraction, carbonaceous deposits is collected and is namely obtained carbonide on the cellulose type semipermeable membrane.
2. the method for trace carbon compound in the extraction Super304H austenitic stainless steel described in according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described electrolytic solution is comprised of the component of following volumn concentration: 5% hydrochloric acid, 2% citric acid and 5% glycerine, all the other are methyl alcohol.
3. the method for trace carbon compound in the extraction Super304H austenitic stainless steel described in according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: during electrolytic extraction, current density is 0.05A/cm
2～0.07A/cm
2, electrolysis temperature is in-5 ℃ ~+5 ℃ scopes.
4. the method for trace carbon compound in the extraction Super304H austenitic stainless steel described in according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Super304H austenite stainless steel sample is made the pole shape.
5. the method for trace carbon compound in the extraction Super304H austenitic stainless steel described in according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the end at described Super304H austenite stainless steel sample is provided with internal thread hole, is convenient to the fixing of sample and is connected.
6. the method for trace carbon compound in the extraction Super304H austenitic stainless steel described in according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described negative electrode is made cylindric, guarantee the extraction of anode carbon compound evenly.
7. the method for trace carbon compound in the extraction Super304H austenitic stainless steel described in according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described molecular cut off is that 14000 cellulose type semipermeable membrane is commercially available double-deck cellulose gummed paper.
8. the method for trace carbon compound in the extraction Super304H austenitic stainless steel described in according to claim 7 is characterized in that: the cellulose type semipermeable membrane is made capsule shape, collect carbonide when being convenient to electrolytic extraction.
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| CN105203426A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2015-12-30 | 中航工业哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Method for measuring content of carbide phase in 8Cr4Mo4V high temperature bearing steel |
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| CN114166603A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-11 | 安徽工业大学 | Method for extracting trace second phase in C-HRA-5 austenitic heat-resistant steel |
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| CN103674664A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-03-26 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Quantitative metallographic analysis method for phase M23C6 of Super 304H steel |
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| CN114166603A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-11 | 安徽工业大学 | Method for extracting trace second phase in C-HRA-5 austenitic heat-resistant steel |
| CN114166603B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2024-05-03 | 安徽工业大学 | Method for extracting trace second phase in C-HRA-5 austenitic heat-resistant steel |
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Application publication date: 20130417 |