CN103048160A - Sampling method for copper contaminated soil in surrounding environment of copper grounding net transformer substation - Google Patents
Sampling method for copper contaminated soil in surrounding environment of copper grounding net transformer substation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sampling method for copper contaminated soil in a surrounding environment of a copper grounding net transformer substation. The sampling method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of taking a dot as a position of a copper contamination source, adopting an orthogonal test scheme of three factors and three levels for the copper contamination source, and collecting a soil sample around the transformer substation according to an orthogonal table, wherein the three factors refer to a sampling direction, a sampling distance and a sampling depth; the three sampling direction levels are 0 DEG, 120 DEG and 240 DEG; the three distance levels are 100m, 300m and 500m; and the three sampling depth levels are 0.2m, 0.6m and 1.0m. For the collected soil sample, copper ion content in the soil sample is measured by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and the copper contamination degree of the soil around the transformer substation can be evaluated accurately by reference to a standard value related to a soil environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soil sampling method, particularly the use of copper grounded screen is to the copper polluted soil method of sampling of transformer station's surrounding environment.
Background technology
Along with the development of electric system, also more and more higher to the requirement of ground connection.For a long time, reliable, stable earthed system, be the basic guarantee of keeping equipment stable operation, assurance equipment and personal security.The key of earthed system long-term safety reliability service is to select the earthing material and the connection of being connected of quality better.Compare with the hot-galvanized steel grounding body, copper-made grounding device has an enormous advantage at aspects such as electric conductivity, corrosion resistance and constructions, and therefore increasing newly-built transformer station and old substation ground network are transformed all choice for use copper grounded screen.
Copper grounded screen material in use one to need problems of concern be that it is on the impact of transformer station's surrounding environment.Copper in the soil is accumulated in human body and livestock body by food chain, directly or indirectly is detrimental to health.Protein and the enzyme of excessive copper in human body is combined, and produces irreversible sex change, causes physiological metabolism process obstacle, or interacts with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and cause physical mutation.After the people eats excess copper, can in the tissues such as liver, brain, kidney, accumulate, and cause liver copper disease, brain copper disease and kidney copper disease etc.
At present, there is larger problem in the sampling method in copper pollution evaluation process, and the Cu Pollution in Soil sampling method mainly contains two kinds, and the one, grid type is layouted in specialized range, and the 2nd, according to the different samplings of soil types or water source.Wherein the grid type sampled point of layouting is too much, can obtain comparatively objectively data in specialized range, but because sampling spot is too much, test and analytical work amount are huge.According to the different samplings in soil types or water source, the large and soil types of suitable scope and water source are than the regional copper contamination analysis of horn of plenty, and be among a small circle this for transformer station, and relatively single area this kind method of soil types obviously is not suitable for.Simultaneously, at present the Cu Pollution in Soil study general is got 30cm with endosexine soil, that is to say that present research Cu Pollution in Soil just considered the range that copper pollutes, but in fact, copper pollutes the degree of depth problem that also exists.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for avoiding the existing weak point of above-mentioned prior art, provides the copper polluted soil method of sampling of a kind of copper grounded screen transformer station surrounding environment, so that can accurate evaluation transformer station surrounding soil copper pollution level.
The present invention is that the technical solution problem adopts following technical scheme:
The characteristics of the copper polluted soil method of sampling of copper grounded screen of the present invention transformer station surrounding environment are:
Take transformer station as round dot, take described round dot position as copper pollution source position, adopt the orthogonal test scheme of Three factors-levels for described copper pollution source, described three factors refer to respectively take a sample direction, sampling distance and sampling depth, described three levels direction three levels that refer to take a sample are respectively 0 °, 120 ° and 240 °; Sampling distance three levels are respectively 100m, 300m and 500m; Sampling depth three levels are respectively 0.2m, 0.6m and 1.0m; Around transformer station, gather nine groups of soil samples according to orthogonal arrage;
Described sampling direction is for determining at random 0 ° of direction;
Described nine groups of soil samples are:
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
The three elements of sampling that 1, the present invention is clear and definite, namely sampling distance, sampling depth, sampling distance soil types and water source are not had specific (special) requirements, so the scope of application are wider;
What 2, the present invention layouted employing is orthogonal experiment, and sampling amount is few, workload is little, representativeness is strong;
3, comprised different sampling depths in the three elements of the present invention, fully taken into account the degree of depth of Cu Pollution in Soil, evaluation result more comprehensively, more accurate.
Embodiment
Copper grounded screen of the present invention to the copper pollution evaluation method of transformer station's surrounding environment is:
Take transformer station as round dot, take described round dot position as copper pollution source position, adopt the orthogonal test scheme of Three factors-levels for described copper pollution source, three factors refer to respectively take a sample direction, sampling distance and sampling depth, described three levels direction three levels that refer to take a sample are respectively 0 °, 120 ° and 240 °; Sampling distance three levels are respectively 100m, 300m and 500m; Sampling depth three levels are respectively 0.2m, 0.6m and 1.0m; Around transformer station, gather nine groups of soil samples according to orthogonal arrage.Adopt the content of copper ion in the atomic absorption spectrophotometry measurement soil sample, for measuring content of copper ion in the soil sample, with reference to soil environment relevant criterion value, determine whether transformer station's surrounding soil is subject to copper and pollutes.
Orthogonal experiment is research and a kind of scientific approach of processing multifactorial experiment, have the characteristics of " the balanced dispersion, neatly comparable ", can be in the scope of investigating, select representative strong minority test and accomplish uniform sampling, so just can obtain by minimum test number (TN) optimum scheme.Compare representative strong, characteristics that efficient is high with other test design methods.
The simplest analytic approach of orthogonal test is exactly extremum difference analysis, and extremum difference analysis mainly contains three parameters, is respectively K
Ij, k
Ij, and R
jK wherein
IjIt is the test findings summation that i lists j level; k
IjBe K
IjMean value; Extreme difference R
jBe max|k
Ij| with min|k
Ij| difference.Generally can be by comparing k
IjSize determine the optimum level of a certain factor, according to extreme difference R
jSize, can judge each factor to the primary and secondary that affects of test index, the larger expression factor of R value is larger on the impact of index, factor is more important.
Present embodiment is for Anhui 500kV transformer station, and sampling is respectively 100m, 300m and 500m apart from transformer station's horizontal range; Sampling depth is respectively 0.2m, 0.6m and 1.0m; The sampling direction is respectively 0 °, 120 ° and 240 °, and sampling spot is as shown in table 1 around the transformer station, and the sampling amount of each sampling spot is greater than 500g, and sampler and container are non-copper goods.
Table 1 transformer station surrounding soil sample position
Soil is removed the foreign matter such as stone and plant and animal residues in the soil sample behind natural air drying, grind pressure with wooden stick after, cross 100 mesh sieves, for subsequent use as pedotheque behind the mixing.
Carry out the mensuration of Copper In The Soil content with reference to GB/T17138-1997 " the mensuration atomic absorption spectrophotometry of soil quality copper, zinc ": take by weighing a certain amount of pedotheque in the teflon crucible, the moistening rear adding hydrochloric acid of water, low-temperature heat on the electric hot plate in fuming cupboard, sample is tentatively decomposed, after a period of time to be evaporated, take off slightly coldly, then add nitric acid, hydrofluorite, perchloric acid, heat in the upper temperature of electric hot plate after adding a cover.When being heated to when emitting dense white cigarette, add a cover, black organic carbon compound is decomposed.When white cigarette emits to the greatest extent and crucible contents when being thick substantially, take off slightly cold, water flushing crucible cover and inwall, and add the warm dissolved residue of salpeter solution.Then solution is transferred in the volumetric flask constant volume after the cooling.
In the present embodiment, relevant evaluation criteria of soil environment quality adopts Anhui province Environmental Background Values of Soils and GB/T15618-1995 " standard of soil environment quality " secondary standard value.Wherein the Anhui province Environmental Background Values of Soils is taken from " Chinese soil background values of elements " (China Environmental Science Press publishes nineteen ninety) of State Bueau of Environmental Protection and the establishment of development fields of environmental monitoring in china station; " standard of soil environment quality " secondary standard value representation be to ensure agricultural production, safeguard the soil limits value of health.
What table 2 represented is evaluation criteria of soil environment quality, and wherein, 19.3mg/kg is " the Chinese soil background values of elements " of selecting from State Bueau of Environmental Protection and the establishment of development fields of environmental monitoring in china station; 100mg/kg selects from GB/T15618-1995 " standard of soil environment quality ").
Table 2 evaluation criteria of soil environment quality
| Element | Environmental background value (Anhui) | The soil environment quality secondary standard (pH〉6.5) |
| Cu | 19.3mg/kg | 100mg/kg |
Evaluation method adopts the pollution index method that generally adopts at present both at home and abroad, comprises index of single factor method and Nei Meiluo composite index law.
The index of single factor method is suc as formula shown in (1):
P
i=C
i/S
i (1)
In the formula (1), P
iEnvironmental quality index for pollutant in soil i; C
iMeasured value mg/kg for pollutant i; S
iEvaluation criterion mg/kg for pollutant i.P
i≤ 1 expression is uncontaminated; P
i＞1 expression is polluted, and P
iBe worth greatlyr, pollute more serious.
The Nei Meiluo composite index law is suc as formula shown in (2):
In the formula (2), (C
i/ S
i)
MaxMaximal value for pollution index in the soil pollution; (C
i/ S
i)
AveMean value for soil pollution heavily contaminated index.Soil comprehensive pollution grade scale is as shown in table 3.
Table 3 soil comprehensive pollution grade scale
| Grade classification | P Comprehensively | The class of pollution | Level of pollution |
| 1 | P Comprehensively≤0.7 | Safety | Cleaning |
| 2 | 0.7＜P Comprehensively≤1 | The warning level | Still clean |
| 3 | 1＜P Comprehensively≤2 | The light pollution | Soil gently pollutes, and crop begins to be polluted |
| 4 | 2＜P Comprehensively≤3 | Middle pollution | The soil crop all is subjected to intermediate pollution |
| 5 | 3＜P Comprehensively | Heavily contaminated | The soil crop is all contaminated, and quite serious |
Copper content measuring result is as shown in table 4 in this 500kV transformer station surrounding soil:
Table 4 Anhui Province 500kV transformer station surrounding soil test result
The statistical study of copper content is as shown in table 5 in this 500kV transformer station surrounding soil:
The statistical study of table 5 Copper In The Soil content
| Element | Minimum value | Maximal value | Intermediate value | Mean value | Standard deviation |
| Cu | 6.760 | 39.74 | 23.25 | 22.68 | 8.994 |
Can find out from table 4 and table 5: the intermediate value of the copper content this 500kV transformer station surrounding soil and mean value are all above the mean value of Anhui province soil environment, but its content all surpasses the secondary standard value.
Estimate P according to the index of single factor method
iMuch smaller than 1, show that transformer station's surrounding soil is not subject to copper and pollutes.
Estimate P according to the Nei Meiluo composite index law
ComprehensivelyBe 0.3235 only, be starkly lower than 0.7 safety value, show that this transformer station's surrounding soil cleans, be not subject to copper and pollute.
Analyze according to the test result in the orthogonal test his-and-hers watches 4, analysis result is as shown in table 6.
The quadrature analysis of copper content in this transformer station's surrounding soil of table 6
| Tested number | Direction | Distance | Sampling depth |
| 1 | 0° | 100m | 0.2m |
| 2 | 0° | 300m | 0.6m |
| 3 | 0° | 500m | 1.0m |
| 4 | 120° | 100m | 0.6m |
| 5 | 120° | 300m | 1.0m |
| 6 | 120° | 500m | 0.2m |
| 7 | 240° | 100m | 1.0m |
| 8 | 240° | 300m | 0.2m |
| 9 | 240° | 500m | 0.6m |
| K1 | 0.4834 | 0.8727 | 0.7945 |
| K2 | 0.9534 | 0.4953 | 0.6975 |
| K3 | 0.6041 | 0.6729 | 0.5489 |
| k1 | 0.161133 | 0.2909 | 0.264833 |
| k2 | 0.3178 | 0.1651 | 0.2325 |
| k3 | 0.201367 | 0.2243 | 0.182967 |
| R | 0.156667 | 0.1258 | 0.081867 |
As can be seen from Table 6, the copper content in transformer station's surrounding soil is not to change along with the variation of sampling direction, but when the sampling direction is 120 °, maximal value appears in the copper pollution index in its soil.In view of the direction of taking a sample not is what fix, but determine 0 ° of direction at random, then determine directions every 120 °.This is just explanation also, the copper content in this transformer station's surrounding soil not with transformer station in copper grounded screen closely related, but other copper pollution source may be arranged in 120 ° of directions.
As can be seen from Table 6, the copper content in this transformer station's surrounding soil is not to change along with the variation of sampling distance, but when the sampling distance is 300m, minimum value appears in the copper pollution index in its soil.Copper grounded screen affects in the transformer station if the copper content in this transformer station's surrounding soil is subjected to, its copper content should be to reduce gradually along with the increase of sampling distance so, but experimental result is really not so, this also just show in this transformer station's surrounding soil copper content not with transformer station in copper grounded screen closely related.
It can also be seen that from table 6 the copper content in this transformer station's surrounding soil reduces along with the increase of sampling depth, namely the copper content in the topsoil is maximum, and the copper content in the deep soil is minimum.This phenomenon shows that the copper content in this transformer station's surrounding soil is to be subjected to the upper soll layer pollutant effects, and is not to be the impact of copper grounded screen in the transformer station.
Claims (1)
1. the copper polluted soil method of sampling of a copper grounded screen transformer station surrounding environment is characterized in that:
Take transformer station as round dot, take described round dot position as copper pollution source position, adopt the orthogonal test scheme of Three factors-levels for described copper pollution source, described three factors refer to respectively take a sample direction, sampling distance and sampling depth, described three levels direction three levels that refer to take a sample are respectively 0 °, 120 ° and 240 °; Sampling distance three levels are respectively 100m, 300m and 500m; Sampling depth three levels are respectively 0.2m, 0.6m and 1.0m; Around transformer station, gather nine groups of soil samples according to orthogonal arrage;
Described sampling direction is for determining at random 0 ° of direction;
Described nine groups of soil samples are:
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106404448A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-02-15 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Systematized sampling method of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated site soil |
| CN110133027A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-08-16 | 江苏省地质调查研究院 | A kind of method of Accurate Determining arable land Heavy Metal Pollution |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040238217A1 (en) * | 2001-10-05 | 2004-12-02 | Peter Buss | Soil probe insertion arrangement and method of use |
| CN101509841A (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2009-08-19 | 广东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Sample acquisition machine |
| CN102183392A (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-09-14 | 天津师范大学 | Optimum digestion method in measuring heavy metals in waste rubber granules |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040238217A1 (en) * | 2001-10-05 | 2004-12-02 | Peter Buss | Soil probe insertion arrangement and method of use |
| CN101509841A (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2009-08-19 | 广东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Sample acquisition machine |
| CN102183392A (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-09-14 | 天津师范大学 | Optimum digestion method in measuring heavy metals in waste rubber granules |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 聂新辉，郑敏聪，李建华: "铜质接地网材料电化学腐蚀行为", 《腐蚀与防护》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106404448A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-02-15 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Systematized sampling method of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated site soil |
| CN110133027A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-08-16 | 江苏省地质调查研究院 | A kind of method of Accurate Determining arable land Heavy Metal Pollution |
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