CN115359185A - Method for identifying key factors influencing heavy metal accumulation and migration in heavy pollution site soil - Google Patents
Method for identifying key factors influencing heavy metal accumulation and migration in heavy pollution site soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for identifying key factors influencing heavy metal accumulation and migration in heavy-metal-polluted-site-related soil, and relates to the field of heavy metal pollution. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a typical heavily-polluted site to collect a sample; the soil physical and chemical measurement is carried out on the sample, and the hydrogeological environment of the site at the sampling position is obtained; carrying out three-dimensional accurate construction based on the total amount and morphological distribution of heavy metals in the basic physicochemical and hydrogeological environment of the site soil; and identifying important factors influencing the accumulation and migration of heavy metals of different heavy pollution site features. According to the method, the key driving factors influencing the total heavy metal amount and occurrence form accumulative migration of different heavy pollution sites can be identified according to the basic physicochemical properties and the hydrogeological environmental conditions of all soil layers of the different heavy pollution sites, the characteristic pollutant pollution range, the biological effectiveness and the key factors influencing the accumulative migration of the characteristic pollutant pollution range can be accurately identified, and scientific basis is provided for the accurate pollution prevention and risk control work of the heavy metal in the polluted site.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heavy metal pollution, in particular to a method for identifying key factors related to influence of accumulation and migration of heavy metals in soil in a heavy pollution site.
Background
Because of the high-speed development of economic society and the abandoned industrial fields left by the removal of a large number of enterprises in the urbanization process, a large number of polluted fields caused by various human activities appear every year, although the research related to the pollution of the industrial fields is started through the support of multiple channels of China, departments, enterprises and the like, the soil pollution treatment and restoration work is more and more emphasized, the work of China on the aspects of pollution assessment and treatment and restoration of the polluted fields is just started on the whole, a series of data support and scientific support are more needed for the precise pollution treatment and restoration work of the fields which is gradually developed, and the biological effectiveness of the pollution affected area of the polluted fields and the key factors affecting the accumulative removal of the polluted fields are comprehensively known. Although various repair enterprises use the advanced technology and experience in foreign countries for reference, the pollution treatment and repair work of the polluted site in China is guided mainly by the total amount of pollutants, but the guidance of the total amount of pollutants usually causes excessive repair and higher repair cost. In actual repair work, the method has many defects in aspects such as identification of characteristic pollutants, influence range of pollution, influence factors of accumulated pollution migration and the like. Aiming at the current situation, the invention establishes a general knowledge base and a model list aiming at the main key factors and the contribution rates of the total amount of heavy metals and the accumulation and migration of the heavy metals in the soil in the typical heavy pollution site in different occurrence forms, and finds out the pollution overproof range and the area range with strong biological effectiveness to provide data support and scientific support for the accurate pollution treatment and restoration of the typical heavy pollution site.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for identifying key factors affecting heavy metal accumulative migration in heavily-polluted sites, which can identify key indication factors affecting the total amount and occurrence form accumulative migration of heavy metals in different heavily-polluted sites according to the basic physicochemical properties, the hydrogeological environmental conditions and the like of all soil layers in different heavily-polluted sites, accurately identify the characteristic pollutant pollution range, the strong biological effectiveness range and the key factors affecting the accumulative migration of the characteristic pollutant pollution range, and provide scientific basis for the accurate pollution prevention and risk control work of the heavy metals in the polluted sites.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for identifying key factors influencing heavy metal accumulation and migration in soil of a heavily polluted site comprises the following steps:
selecting a typical heavily-polluted site to collect a sample;
completing soil basic physicochemical measurement on the sample, and obtaining the surrounding environment of the sample;
carrying out three-dimensional accurate construction based on the soil basic physicochemical environment and the soil heavy metal content and morphological distribution of the site hydrogeological environment;
and identifying important factors influencing the accumulation distribution and migration of heavy metals of different heavy pollution site features.
Optionally, the method further comprises the following steps of sample pretreatment: air-drying the collected sample, grinding, sieving, bagging, obtaining the total amount of heavy metals Cd, cr, pb, as and Hg in the soil by basic physicochemical measurement of soil pH, organic matter, cation exchange amount and texture, and performing fractional extraction of heavy metal weak acid extraction state, reducible state, oxidizable state and residue state 4 soil heavy metal form content measurement by using an improved European community reference body mechanism method; and main characteristic pollutants and pollution characteristics of different typical heavy pollution-related sites are found out through soil heavy metal content and different form determination and data analysis.
Optionally, measuring Cd, cr and Pb by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer; as is determined by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry; hg is measured by cold vapor-atomic fluorescence spectrometry.
Optionally, the surrounding environment of the sample comprises landform, matrix, hydrological weather and soil layer distribution of a heavily polluted site, production process, workshop distribution, plants and growth conditions of industrial and mining enterprises around the site.
Optionally, the heavy metal content distribution based on the basic physicochemical and hydrogeological environment of the contaminated site soil is three-dimensionally and accurately constructed, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: on the basis of the cooperative analysis of basic physicochemical conditions such as pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and texture of soil in the polluted site and hydrogeological environment conditions such as topography, underground water level and soil depth, an inverse distance weight method is adopted for an interpolation method of the total heavy metal content and the content distribution of each form of soil in different soil layers of the polluted site, and discrete data are interpolated through a measurement error model to generate accurate or smooth processing to obtain a continuous curved surface; three-dimensional geological image modeling software Voxler software is adopted, and the parts with strong biological effectiveness in the total amount exceeding of the heavy metal of the characteristic pollutants in the soil in the field sampling area and the occurrence forms thereof are subjected to three-dimensional accurate construction through volume rendering based on spatial interpolation, so that the differentiation and accumulation rules of the heavy metal characteristic pollutants and the forms thereof in different soil layers are determined.
Optionally, identifying important factors influencing the accumulation and migration of heavy metals of pollutants in different heavy-pollution-related fields by using a random forest, establishing a relational model equation between the strong biological effectiveness part in the soil heavy metals and factors such as the total amount of the heavy metals in the soil, the basic physicochemical properties of the soil, the hydrogeological conditions of the pollution field and the like by constructing a relevant judgment matrix and a random forest model, and finding out key influence factors and analyzing the contribution rate of the key influence factors by calculating through the random forest model.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method for identifying the key factors affecting the accumulation and migration of the heavy metal in the soil of the heavy pollution site can accurately identify the three-dimensional space pollution distribution range of the characteristic pollutants of the pollution site, particularly the influence range with the strong heavy metal biological effectiveness form, find out the main key factors affecting the accumulation and migration of the heavy metal, and provide reference for the accurate pollution treatment and restoration of the pollution site, so that the treatment and restoration efficiency is obviously improved, and the treatment and restoration cost is saved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a conceptual model of driving factor identification of soil heavy metal accumulation and migration rules of a typical heavily-contaminated site.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for identifying key factors affecting accumulation and migration of heavy metals in soil in a heavily polluted site, which comprises the following steps of:
collecting samples: 6 typical heavily-polluted sites are selected for investigation and sampling, and 435 soil samples with 53 sections and different levels are collected in the 6 typical sites. Collecting soil sections, sampling every 0.5m at 0-3m intervals, and sampling every 1m at 3-6m intervals. In a tanning field, collecting 98 samples with 14 sections in total; collecting 90 samples with 10 sections in total in an electronic dismantling field; collecting 52 samples with 6 sections in total on an electroplating site; collecting 81 samples with 9 sections in total in a copper smelting site; collecting 80 samples with 9 sections in total in a zinc smelting site; in the mine mining site, a total of 34 samples of 5 sections were collected.
Sample pretreatment: the collected soil sample is naturally dried, ground, sieved and bagged, and basic physicochemical determination of soil pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, texture and the like is provided, and determination of the form content of 4 heavy metals including heavy metal weak acid extraction state, reducible state, oxidizable state and residue state in the soil is graded and extracted by a European community reference mechanism method for the total amount of heavy metals Cd, cr, pb, as and Hg and the improved total amount of the heavy metals.
And (3) sample determination and analysis: the soil sample is naturally air-dried, and the contents of Cd, cr, pb, as and Hg of the soil sample are measured through the processes of grinding, sieving and digestion. Wherein, the Cd, cr and Pb in the soil are measured by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Thermo X series II, SN 01426C); soil As was determined by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS-9800, 1213308); soil Hg was measured by cold vapor-atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (XGY 1011A, 08224).
Besides the heavy metal content data of the soil, the invention also measures the physical and chemical indexes of the soil such as pH, organic matters, cation exchange law, mechanical composition and the like. According to the retrieval of literature data, the invention researches and researches the environmental conditions of the landform, the matrix, the hydrological weather, the soil layer distribution and the like of a typical heavily polluted site, and the production process, the workshop distribution, the plants and the growth condition of industrial and mining enterprises around the site.
Three-dimensional accurate construction of a soil heavy metal accumulation range: the interpolation method for the heavy metal content distribution of the soil in the polluted site adopts an inverse distance weighting method, the inverse distance weighting method has no requirement on normal distribution of the space distribution condition of heavy metal data, and discrete points are converted into a continuous curved surface for calculation according to the distance weighting among samples. And for the heavy metal content of the farmland soil, adopting common Krigin interpolation, and carrying out interpolation on discrete data through a measurement error model to generate accurate or smooth processing to obtain a continuous curved surface. Meanwhile, three-dimensional geological image modeling software Voxler software is adopted, and three-dimensional accurate construction is carried out on the heavy metal weak acid extraction state part with strong biological effectiveness in the standard exceeding of the total amount of the heavy metals of the characteristic pollutants in the soil in the field sampling area and the occurrence state of the heavy metal weak acid extraction state part based on spatial interpolation.
Identifying key driving factors of soil heavy metal accumulation and migration rules in a typical heavy pollution-related site: and identifying important factors influencing the accumulated migration of heavy metals of different heavy pollution site-related characteristic pollutants by using a RandomForest package of R software. The invention uses a random forest algorithm to carry out modeling and predicts the importance of different factors. Random forest is a common supervision integration algorithm, and can train and predict multiple samples. The importance of the parameters can be evaluated and ranked when the random forest determines the category. Meanwhile, the training speed of the random forest algorithm is high, and the accuracy is high under the condition of multiple features.
Taking an electronic dismantling field as an example, identifying key driving factors of the accumulative migration rule of the characteristic pollutant nickel of the polluted field: based on the results of the early-stage analysis, the method identifies the characteristic pollutants in 6 different heavy-pollution-related fields and key factors influencing the migration of heavy metals and weak acid extraction states thereof. Taking an electronic dismantling field for analysis as an example: the results of random forests show that the main influence factors influencing the content of Ni in the weak acid extraction state of heavy metal in the dismantling field are total nickel, pH and depth.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A method for identifying key factors influencing heavy metal accumulation and migration in soil of a heavily polluted site is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a typical heavily-polluted site to collect a sample;
the physical and chemical measurement of soil is completed on the sample, and the surrounding environment of the sample is obtained;
performing three-dimensional accurate construction based on the heavy metal content and morphological distribution of the soil in the polluted site environment;
and identifying important factors influencing the accumulation distribution and migration of heavy metals of different pollutants related to the heavy pollution site.
2. The method for identifying the key factors influencing the accumulation and migration of the heavy metals in the soil of the heavily polluted site according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps of pretreatment of a sample: air-drying the collected sample, grinding, sieving, bagging, measuring the pH value of soil, organic matters, cation exchange amount and texture to obtain the total amount of heavy metals Cd, cr, pb, as and Hg in the soil, and extracting the weak acid extraction state, reducible state, oxidizable state and residue state 4 of the heavy metals in the soil by a modified European community reference mechanism method in a grading manner; and (3) finding out main characteristic pollutants and pollution characteristics of different typical heavy pollution-related fields through soil heavy metal content and different morphological determination and data analysis.
3. The method for identifying the key factors influencing the accumulation and migration of the heavy metals in the soil of the heavily polluted site according to claim 2, wherein Cd, cr and Pb are measured by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer; as is measured by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry; hg is measured by cold vapor-atomic fluorescence spectrometry.
4. The method for identifying the key factors influencing the accumulation and migration of the heavy metals in the soil of the heavily-polluted site as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surrounding environment of the sample comprises the topography, the geology, the mother texture, the hydrological weather and the soil layer distribution of the heavily-polluted site, the production process, the workshop distribution, the plants and the growth conditions of industrial and mining enterprises around the site.
5. The method for identifying the key factors influencing the accumulation and migration of the heavy metals in the soil of the heavily polluted site according to claim 1, wherein the method for accurately constructing the three-dimensional heavy metal content distribution based on the basic physicochemical properties of the pH, the organic matters, the cation exchange capacity and the texture of the soil of the polluted site and the landform, the groundwater level and the soil layer depth specifically comprises the following steps: on the basis of basic physicochemical characteristics of the pH, organic matters, cation exchange capacity and texture of the soil of the polluted site and cooperative analysis of topography, landform, underground water level and soil layer depth, an inverse distance weight method is adopted for an interpolation method of the total heavy metal content and the content distribution of each form of the soil of different soil layers of the polluted site, and discrete data are interpolated through a measurement error model to generate accurate or smooth processing to obtain a continuous curved surface; three-dimensional geological image modeling software Voxler software is adopted, and three-dimensional accurate construction is carried out on the total amount of heavy metal of the characteristic pollutants in soil in a field sampling area exceeding the standard and the weak acid extraction state part with strong biological effectiveness in occurrence states based on spatial interpolation through volume rendering, so that the characteristic pollutants of the heavy metal in different soil layers, the difference accumulation rules of all the states and key driving factors influencing the distribution rules of the characteristic pollutants are determined.
6. The method for identifying the key factors influencing the soil heavy metal accumulative migration in the heavily-polluted site as claimed in claim 1, wherein the key factors influencing the soil heavy metal accumulative migration in different heavily-polluted sites are identified by using a random forest, a relational model equation between the effective part of strong organisms in the soil heavy metals, the total quantity of the heavy metals in the soil, the basic physicochemical property of the soil and the hydrogeological condition factors of the polluted site is established by constructing a relevant judgment matrix and a random forest model, and the key influencing factors are found out and the contribution rate of the key influencing factors is analyzed through calculation of the random forest model.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116679033A (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2023-09-01 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所(生态环境部生态环境应急研究所) | Method and system for judging arsenic environmental risk of soil of industrial contaminated site |
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2022
- 2022-08-22 CN CN202211009555.3A patent/CN115359185A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116679033A (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2023-09-01 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所(生态环境部生态环境应急研究所) | Method and system for judging arsenic environmental risk of soil of industrial contaminated site |
| CN116679033B (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2024-01-23 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所(生态环境部生态环境应急研究所) | Method and system for judging arsenic environmental risk of soil of industrial contaminated site |
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