CN103046923B - A kind of Drilling optimization mud identifies the method for low resistivity hydrocarbon layers fast - Google Patents

A kind of Drilling optimization mud identifies the method for low resistivity hydrocarbon layers fast Download PDF

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CN103046923B
CN103046923B CN201110310628.8A CN201110310628A CN103046923B CN 103046923 B CN103046923 B CN 103046923B CN 201110310628 A CN201110310628 A CN 201110310628A CN 103046923 B CN103046923 B CN 103046923B
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resistivity
low
drilling
mud
endless belt
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CN103046923A (en
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廖东良
陆黄生
赵文杰
王卫
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering
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Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering
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Abstract

The invention belongs to petroleum exploration and development oil-gas reservoir identification method.Particularly relate to a kind of for drilling mud optimization, identify low-resistance endless belt fast, and then judge the method for oil-containing.Described recognition methods comprises drilling and coring delivery data according to region to be measured and earth's surface physical data, Drilling optimization mud parameter, sets up the drilling mud resistivity models evaluated and form low-resistance endless belt; The drilling mud resistivity value in rear detection region to be measured is in conjunction with the process of above-mentioned Model Identification low resistivity hydrocarbon layers; Described resistive mud resistivity models is: R mf> KR w.The present invention can improve the discrimination of low resistivity hydrocarbon layers, thus improves the coefficient of mining of low resistitvity reservoir, reduces cost of exploration & development.

Description

A kind of Drilling optimization mud identifies the method for low resistivity hydrocarbon layers fast
Technical field
The invention belongs to petroleum exploration and development oil-gas reservoir identification method.Particularly relate to a kind of for drilling mud optimization, make detection of a target region form low-resistance endless belt, and then judge the method for oil-containing.
Background technology
There is many low resistivity hydrocarbon layers in China, and major part is all the low resistivity hydrocarbon layers of the highly mineralized formation brines origin cause of formation, be difficult to identify to enemy's resistivity oil-gas Layer in exploration process, need to increase the new and high technologies such as core analysis, imaging logging and nuclear magnetic resonance log to identify, directly increase exploration cost, and cause the leakage of low resistivity hydrocarbon layers.
Low-resistance endless belt refers to flushed zone resistivity in reservoir, intermediate zone resistivity and virgin zone resistivity, in the minimum situation of intermediate zone resistivity, reservoir intermediate zone is called low-resistance endless belt.The concept of low-resistance endless belt proposes comparatively early, but just in the aspect of understanding low-resistance endless belt, low-resistance endless belt is the positive evidence containing oil gas, therefore can judge low resistivity hydrocarbon layers qualitatively by low-resistance endless belt.Existing technology indicates the qualitative condition forming low-resistance endless belt, does not provide the quantification condition forming low-resistance endless belt, does not provide the forming process of low-resistance endless belt.
When stratum detecting is to low-resistance endless belt, illustrate that stratum exists oil gas, this point already confirm by logging community, also people is had to demonstrate by experiment in the process of slurry compounding stratum, have low-resistance endless belt to occur along slurry compounding direction, but pertinent literature and data do not prove what the necessary condition that this low-resistance endless belt occurs is at present.Low-resistance endless belt is identified by array logs instrument in oil exploration process, because the investigation depth of array logs is different, usually, can find low-resistance endless belt, low-resistance endless belt is the positive evidence containing oil gas, therefore can judge low resistivity hydrocarbon layers qualitatively by low-resistance endless belt.But because the condition forming low-resistance endless belt is very strict, be not that every mouthful of well all can occur low-resistance endless belt, when not there is low-resistance endless belt, usually cause the leakage of low resistivity hydrocarbon layers, or utilize other well logging means to cause exploration cost to increase, therefore prior art is unfavorable for the exploration and development of low resistivity hydrocarbon layers.
In prior art, 201010107111.4, based on the formation data processing method of resistivity of sandstone reservoir oil layer, equipment is utilized to gather stratum lithology data, by the multiple data of analytical test, finally obtain the sandstone reservoir apparent resistivity after invading mud and F, determine whether oil reservoir by the numerical relation between comparison resistance rate.By analyzing wellbore sandstone reservoirs degree of contamination, decrease the erroneous judgement to abnormal layer.This patent is the different technical schemes judging oil reservoir method, and existing patent is data processing aspect; And this patent is the patent of mud resistivity numerical optimization design aspect, existing patent can't resolve the identification problem of highly mineralized formation brines oil-gas Layer, even if because eliminate the impact of mud contamination formation resistivity, the sandstone reservoir apparent resistivity calculated is still very low, does not reach the condition of oil layer recognition.
In document, oil drilling technology 2009.9 and grand celebration petroleum geology and exploitation 2005.8, based on the profit recognition methods of the radial invasion character of array induction logging and application high definition induction to the explanation of complicated penetration phenomenon, list multiple low-resistance endless belt example respectively, demonstrate and occur that low-resistance endless belt situation sub-surface has the existence of oil gas.
And logging technique 27 (2), 2003, Chinese Journal of Geophysics 39 (supplementary issue), 1996, the Changeement of reservoir resistivity under fresh water mud intrusion condition in Petroleum finance 2004.6, F invade the simulated experiment of people's porous formation Radial Electric Conductivity and fresh-water drilling fluid invade on utilize in the documents such as the theoretical and experimental study of resistivity reservoir impact theoretical and experiment confirm when drilling mud resistivity be greater than formation water resistivity to a certain degree time, stratum can form low-resistance endless belt, and low-resistance endless belt can not be formed when salty mud, but just draw general statistical law, not from stratum, the many-side such as fluid properties is considered.
The present invention seeks to the low resistivity hydrocarbon layers identifying the high salinity origin cause of formation fast.Can identify with nmr logging method the recognition methods of such low resistivity hydrocarbon layers at present, but nmr logging method cost is high, and is not that every mouthful of well can measure nuclear magnetic resonance log; Can also measure by measuring array logs method, if there is low-resistance endless belt, can judge to there is oil gas, but can not ensure that such low resistivity hydrocarbon layers all exists low-resistance endless belt.Therefore prior art is just identified qualitatively by low-resistance endless belt, and does not draw the condition forming low-resistance endless belt.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the technical problem existed in prior art, have developed a kind of method that Drilling optimization mud identifies low resistivity hydrocarbon layers fast, the present invention is by research flushed zone resistivity, relation between intermediate zone resistivity and virgin zone resistivity, Drilling optimization mud parameter, if make stratum there is oil gas, just will inevitably form low-resistance endless belt, thus identify low resistivity hydrocarbon layers fast, reduce leakage low resistivity hydrocarbon layers.
Low resistivity hydrocarbon layers and reservoir resistivity are lower or absolute resistance rate is very low relative to shoulder-bed resistivity (SBR), by the resistivity instrument identification difficulty of routine.For achieving the above object, the technological means taked in the present invention is as follows:
(1) condition of low-resistance endless belt formation.According to A Erqi formula, intermediate zone resistivity R ibe less than flushed zone resistivity R xo, with virgin zone resistivity R t, that is: or R z< min (R t, R xO) intermediate zone resistivity can be write as R i = a R z &phi; m S z n .
Wherein: φ is formation porosity, obtains by experiment; S xofor flushed zone saturation ratio, S xo=1-S or; S orfor residual oil saturation, obtain by experiment; S wfor formation water saturation ratio, obtain by experiment; R mffor mud resistivity, obtain by experiment; S wbfor the full degree of irreducible water, obtain by experiment; S zfor water saturation in intermediate zone, his excursion is (1-S or) > S z> S wb.
Calculating the condition that can judge to be formed low-resistance endless belt by inequality is: R mf > ( 1 - S or ) 2 - ( S w - S wb ) S w S w S wb R w
This formula can be write as:
R mf＞KR w(1)
Wherein: K = ( 1 - S or ) 2 - ( S w - S wb ) S w S w S wb . Just can judge whether to form low-resistance endless belt according to formula (1).
(2) identification of low resistivity hydrocarbon layers.By (1) if the design of middle mud resistivity exists oil gas, low-resistance endless belt can be formed, otherwise low-resistance endless belt can not be formed, low-resistance endless belt is identified again by array logs instrument (comprise array induction or array side to), thus identification low resistivity hydrocarbon layers, reduce leakage low resistivity hydrocarbon layers.In actual well drilled process, by Drilling optimization mud resistivity, reach the object forming low-resistance endless belt.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of Drilling optimization mud identifies the method for low resistivity hydrocarbon layers fast, described recognition methods comprises drilling and coring delivery data according to region to be measured and earth's surface physical data, earth's surface test data, Drilling optimization mud parameter, sets up the drilling mud resistivity models evaluated and form low-resistance endless belt; The drilling mud resistivity value in rear detection region to be measured is in conjunction with the process of above-mentioned Model Identification low resistivity hydrocarbon layers; Described mud resistivity model is: R mf> KR w.
R zfor intermediate zone resistivity;
R xOfor virgin zone resistivity;
R tfor flushed zone resistivity
φ is formation porosity, obtains by experiment;
S xofor flushed zone saturation ratio, S xo=1-S or;
S orfor residual oil saturation, obtain by experiment;
S wfor formation water saturation ratio, obtain by experiment;
R mffor mud resistivity, obtain by experiment;
S wbfor the full degree of irreducible water, obtain by experiment;
S zfor water saturation in intermediate zone, his excursion is (1-S or) > S z> S wb.
Described method specifically comprises:
Step 1, detects and obtains this drilling and coring delivery data, the core sample namely in drilling process, for step 2 is prepared;
Step 2, by degree of porosity φ, the irreducible water saturation S of rock-electric test determination rock core wbwith residual oil saturation S or, %;
Step 3, according to the formation water data that this block obtains, i.e. formation water sample;
Step 4, by rock-electric test determination formation water resistivity R w, Ω M;
Step 5, set up the resistivity models of drilling mud: the condition according to satisfied formation low-resistance endless belt:
R mf＞KR w，
K is determined by above-mentioned irreducible water saturation, residual oil saturation and stratum water saturation,
K satisfy condition into K = ( 1 - S or ) 2 - ( S w - S wb ) S w S w S wb ;
Step 6, determines required drilling mud resistivity R by rock-electric test mf, Ω M; Drilling mud is mud used in drilling process; Make to meet R between mud resistivity and formation water resistivity mf> KR w, stratum just can form low-resistance endless belt in drilling process;
Step 7, detection low-resistance endless belt: by array induction or array side to apparatus measures curve (one group of resistivity curve), if detect low-resistance endless belt can judge stratum oil-containing, otherwise stratum not oil-containing.
The scope of the COEFFICIENT K in step 5 can be 1.5 ~ 6.5;
The degree of depth of the detection in step 7 can be 0.25 ~ 3.05M;
Instrument in step 7 is that array induction or array side are to instrument.
The present invention can improve the discrimination of low resistivity hydrocarbon layers, thus improve the coefficient of mining of low resistitvity reservoir, reduce cost of exploration & development, the bad identification of method that such as low resistivity hydrocarbon layers is conventional, need to increase nuclear magnetic resonance log project, the expense of every mouthful of well is hundreds of thousands unit, reduces this project, save exploration expenditure by the inventive method.The widely dispersed of the low resistivity hydrocarbon layers in China and even the world, inadequate to low resistivity hydrocarbon layers understanding in exploration process, unreasonable easily the making it of exploration means is missed, to oil and gas development, stock assessment and unfavorable, the exploration of applying this invention energy low resistivity hydrocarbon layers is highly beneficial, especially has a good application prospect to bending down oil resistance gas field development in high salinity condition.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fluid saturation distribution map in Fig. 1 before the non-invaded formation of drilling mud;
Fig. 2 is the fluid saturation distribution map formed after drilling mud invaded formation
Be illustrated in conjunction with concrete embodiment
Detailed description of the invention
The condition that low-resistance endless belt is formed:
Intermediate zone resistivity R zbe less than virgin zone resistivity R xOwith flushed zone resistivity R t, namely
R Z＜min(R T，R XO) (1)
Expression formula corresponding to three resistivity is:
R XO = R mf &phi; 2 S xo 2 - - - ( 2 )
R T = R w &phi; 2 S w 2 - - - ( 3 )
R Z = R z &phi; 2 S z 2 - - - ( 4 )
Wherein: φ is formation porosity, obtains by experiment; S xofor flushed zone saturation ratio, S xo=1-S or; S orfor residual oil saturation, obtain by experiment; S wfor formation water saturation ratio, obtain by experiment; R mffor mud resistivity, obtain by experiment; S wbfor the full degree of irreducible water, obtain by experiment; S zfor water saturation in intermediate zone, his excursion is (1-S or) > S z> S wb.
Can judge that the condition forming low-resistance endless belt is in conjunction with (1) ~ (4):
R mf > ( 1 - S or ) 2 - ( S w - S wb ) S w S w S wb R w
This formula can be write as:
R mf＞KR w(5)
Wherein: K = ( 1 - S or ) 2 - ( S w - S wb ) S w S w S wb
Just can judge whether to form low-resistance endless belt according to formula (5).In actual well drilled process, by Drilling optimization mud resistivity, reach the object forming low-resistance endless belt.
2. fluid saturation distribution map in Fig. 1 before the non-invaded formation of drilling mud: be 1. mud in well-drilling borehole is formation fluid saturation dimension, is 3. hydrocarbon saturation size; Fig. 2 is the fluid saturation distribution map formed after drilling mud invaded formation: 2., 3. middle formation water saturation ratio, hydrocarbon saturation size reduce, because the phase permeability of oil phase, aqueous phase varies in size, the volume that they reduce is also different, and 1. reduction part is replaced by drilling mud, when mud resistivity is greater than the certain numerical value of formation water resistivity, make resistivity in the depth bounds of certain invaded zone be less than flushed zone resistivity and virgin zone resistivity size, thus present low-resistance zone phenomenon.
Embodiment 1: old liberated area identifies low resistivity hydrocarbon layers
Certain well is in exploration old block, and deep investigation resistivity value is very low, and resistivity value is less than 1.5 Ω m, and resistivity is low is because high salinity causes, and is the low resistivity hydrocarbon layers of the typical high salinity origin cause of formation.Rock core irreducible water saturation is 31.6%, and residual oil saturation is 20%, is R according to calculating the condition meeting formation low-resistance endless belt in summary of the invention mf> 5.5R w.Formation water analysis report formation water resistivity is 0.034 Ω m, and actual well drilled mud resistivity is 0.45 Ω m, then mud resistivity R mfwith formation water resistivity R wbetween meet relation be: R mf=13.2Rw, meets the condition forming low-resistance endless belt far away.Therefore will inevitably there is low-resistance endless belt when logging well in this well, explain actually by high definition induction process and show that stratum original state resistivity is 1.7 Ω m, intermediate zone resistivity is 1.1 Ω m, and flushed zone resistivity is 7.8 Ω m, intermediate zone resistivity is minimum, illustrates that stratum defines low-resistance endless belt.Confirm stratum oil-containing by formation testing, formation testing day production fluid 1.5 tons, wherein day produce oil 0.5 ton, moisture 68.5%, total production fluid 1503.1 tons, tired oily produce oil 557.1 tons.
Embodiment 2: new district finds low resistivity hydrocarbon layers
Certain well reservoir resistivity value, lower than the resistivity value of upper and lower country rock, is belong to the resistivity low resistivity hydrocarbon layers lower relative to shoulder-bed resistivity (SBR), and oil-water layer identification difficulty is large, and this layer does not make any explanation before this.Shown by parameter induction loggings such as the high frequencies in array induction, flushed zone resistivity is 10 Ω m, formation resistivity is 8 Ω m, it is resistance-ttp control that flushed zone resistivity is greater than formation resistivity, ordinary meaning is not oil-bearing layer, but invaded zone resistivity is 6.5 Ω m, invaded zone resistivity is minimum, illustrate that stratum defines low-resistance endless belt, then contain oil gas in reservoir, comprehensive analysis is interpreted as oil-water common-layer.Confirm stratum oil-containing after tested, day produce oil be 10t, moisture 57%.The discovery of this oil-gas Layer has found a new oil-bearing layer at this block.Due to 6.5 < min (10,8), institute thinks low-resistance endless belt, this example demonstrates when there is low-resistance endless belt and can be judged as oil-bearing layer.

Claims (3)

1. a Drilling optimization mud identifies the method for low resistivity hydrocarbon layers fast, it is characterized in that, described method comprises drilling and coring delivery data according to region to be measured and earth's surface physical data, Drilling optimization mud parameter, set up the drilling mud resistivity models evaluated and form low-resistance endless belt, when drilling mud resistivity value meets model, stratum will form low-resistance endless belt; Then the drilling mud resistivity value in region to be measured is detected in conjunction with above-mentioned Model Identification low resistivity hydrocarbon layers; Described drilling mud resistivity models is: R mf>KR w; R mffor drilling mud resistivity, R wfor formation water resistivity, K is coefficient;
Wherein, S orfor residual oil saturation, obtain by experiment; S wfor formation water saturation ratio, obtain by experiment; S wbfor irreducible water saturation, obtain by experiment.
2. a kind of Drilling optimization mud according to claim 1 identifies the method for low resistivity hydrocarbon layers fast, it is characterized in that,
Described method comprises:
Step 1, detects and obtains this drilling and coring delivery data, the core sample namely in drilling process, for step 2 is prepared;
Step 2, by degree of porosity φ, the irreducible water saturation S of rock-electric test determination rock core wbwith residual oil saturation S or, %;
Step 3, obtains formation water data from this region to be measured, i.e. formation water sample, for step 4 is prepared;
Step 4, determines stratum water saturation S by rock-electric test wwith formation water resistivity R w, Ω м;
Step 5, forms the condition of low-resistance endless belt according to stratum, set up drilling mud resistivity models when this condition is formed:
R mf>KR w，
K is determined by the irreducible water saturation in step 2 and step 4, residual oil saturation and formation water saturation ratio,
K satisfy condition into K = ( 1 - S o r ) 2 - ( S w - S w b ) S w S w S w b ;
Step 6, determines required drilling mud resistivity R by rock-electric test mf, Ω м; Drilling mud is mud used in drilling process; Make to meet R between drilling mud resistivity and formation water resistivity mf>KR w, stratum just can form low-resistance endless belt in drilling process;
Step 7, detection low-resistance endless belt: by array induction or side direction apparatus measures one group of resistivity curve, if detect low-resistance endless belt can judge stratum oil-containing, otherwise stratum not oil-containing.
3. a kind of Drilling optimization mud according to claim 2 identifies the method for low resistivity hydrocarbon layers fast, it is characterized in that,
The scope of the COEFFICIENT K in step 5 is 1.5 ~ 6.5;
The degree of depth of the detection in step 7 is 0.25 ~ 3.05M.
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