CN103046923A - Method for fast recognizing low-resistivity oil and gas reservoirs through optimizing drilling mud - Google Patents

Method for fast recognizing low-resistivity oil and gas reservoirs through optimizing drilling mud Download PDF

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CN103046923A
CN103046923A CN2011103106288A CN201110310628A CN103046923A CN 103046923 A CN103046923 A CN 103046923A CN 2011103106288 A CN2011103106288 A CN 2011103106288A CN 201110310628 A CN201110310628 A CN 201110310628A CN 103046923 A CN103046923 A CN 103046923A
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resistivity
low
mud
endless belt
drilling
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CN103046923B (en
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廖东良
陆黄生
赵文杰
王卫
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering
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Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering
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Abstract

本发明属于石油勘探开发油气藏识别方法。尤其涉及一种针对钻井泥浆优化，来快速识别低阻环带，进而判断含油的方法。所述识别方法包括根据待测区域的钻井取心资料和地表物理资料，优化钻井泥浆参数，建立评价形成低阻环带的钻井泥浆电阻率模型；后探测待测区域的钻井泥浆电阻率数值结合上述模型识别低阻油气层的过程；所述的电阻泥浆电阻率模型为：Rmf＞KRw。本发明能提高低阻油气层的识别率，从而提高低阻油气藏的开采率，减少勘探开发成本。The invention belongs to a method for identifying oil and gas reservoirs in petroleum exploration and development. In particular, it relates to a method for quickly identifying low-resistance annular zones and then judging oil content by optimizing drilling mud. The identification method includes optimizing the drilling mud parameters according to the drilling coring data and surface physical data of the area to be measured, and establishing a drilling mud resistivity model for evaluating the formation of a low-resistance ring zone; The process of identifying low-resistivity oil and gas layers by the above model; the resistivity model of the resistive mud is: R mf >KR w . The invention can improve the identification rate of low-resistance oil-gas reservoirs, thereby increasing the recovery rate of low-resistivity oil-gas reservoirs and reducing exploration and development costs.

Description

A kind ofly optimize the method that drilling mud is identified low resistivity hydrocarbon layers fast
Technical field
The invention belongs to the petroleum exploration and development oil-gas reservoir identification method.Relate in particular to a kind ofly for drilling mud optimization, make detection of a target zone form the low-resistance endless belt, and then judge the method for oil-containing.
Background technology
There are many low resistivity hydrocarbon layers in China, and major part all is the low resistivity hydrocarbon layers of the highly mineralized formation brines origin cause of formation, in the exploration process enemy's resistivity oil-gas Layer is difficult to identification, needing to increase the new and high technologies such as core analysis, imaging logging and nuclear magnetic resonance log identifies, directly increase exploration cost, and caused the leakage of low resistivity hydrocarbon layers.
The low-resistance endless belt refers to flushed zone resistivity in the reservoir, intermediate zone resistivity and virgin zone resistivity, in the minimum situation of intermediate zone resistivity, the reservoir intermediate zone is called the low-resistance endless belt.The concept of low-resistance endless belt proposes early, but is that the low-resistance endless belt is the positive evidence that contains oil gas on the aspect of understanding low-resistance endless belt, therefore can judge qualitatively low resistivity hydrocarbon layers by the low-resistance endless belt.Existing technology has pointed out to form the qualitative condition of low-resistance endless belt, does not provide the quantification condition that forms the low-resistance endless belt, does not provide the forming process of low-resistance endless belt.
When stratum detecting arrives the low-resistance endless belt, illustrate that there is oil gas in the stratum, this point is confirmed by logging community already, also there is the people to verify by experiment in mud invaded formation process, invade direction along mud and have the appearance of low-resistance endless belt, but pertinent literature and data do not prove what the necessary condition that this low-resistance endless belt occurs is at present.In the oil exploration process, identify the low-resistance endless belt by the array logs instrument, because the investigation depth of array logs is different, usually can find the low-resistance endless belt, the low-resistance endless belt is the positive evidence that contains oil gas, therefore can judge qualitatively low resistivity hydrocarbon layers by the low-resistance endless belt.But because it is very strict to form the condition of low-resistance endless belt, be not that every mouthful of well all the low-resistance endless belt can occur, when the low-resistance endless belt not occurring, usually cause the leakage of low resistivity hydrocarbon layers, perhaps utilize other well logging means to cause exploration cost to increase, so prior art is unfavorable for the exploration and development of low resistivity hydrocarbon layers.
In the prior art, 201010107111.4, formation data processing method based on resistivity of sandstone reservoir oil layer, utilize equipment to gather the formation lithology data, by a plurality of data of analytical test, finally obtain invading the sandstone reservoir apparent resistivity behind mud and the F, determine whether it is oil reservoir by the numerical relation between the comparison resistance rate.By wellbore sandstone reservoirs degree of contamination is analyzed, reduced the erroneous judgement to abnormal layer.This patent is the different technical schemes of judging the oil reservoir method, and existing patent is data processing aspect; And this patent is the patent of mud resistivity numerical optimization design aspect, existing patent can't resolve the identification problem of highly mineralized formation brines oil-gas Layer, even because eliminated the impact of mud contamination on formation resistivity, the sandstone reservoir apparent resistivity that calculates is still very low, does not reach the condition of oil reservoir identification.
In the document, oil drilling technology 2009.9 and grand celebration petroleum geology and exploitation 2005.8, based on the radially profit recognition methods and the explanation of application array induction data to complicated penetration phenomenon of invasion character of array induction logging, enumerated respectively a plurality of low-resistance endless belt examples, verified the existence that low-resistance endless belt situation sub-surface has oil gas to occur.
And logging technique 27 (2), 2003, Chinese Journal of Geophysics 39 (supplementary issue), 1996, the Changeement of reservoir resistivity under the fresh water mud intrusion condition in oil exploration and the exploitation 2004.6, F invade the simulated experiment of people's porous formation Radial Electric Conductivity and fresh-water drilling fluid invade on utilize theoretical and experiment confirm in the documents such as theoretical and experimental study of resistivity reservoir impact when drilling mud resistivity greater than formation water resistivity to a certain degree the time, the stratum can form the low-resistance endless belt, and when salty mud, can not form the low-resistance endless belt, but just draw general statistical law, not from the stratum, fluid properties etc. are many-sided to be considered.
The present invention seeks to identify fast the low resistivity hydrocarbon layers of the high salinity origin cause of formation.Can identify with nmr logging method the recognition methods of such low resistivity hydrocarbon layers at present, but the nmr logging method cost is high, and is not that every mouthful of well can both be measured nuclear magnetic resonance log; Can also measure by measuring the array logs method, have oil gas if having the low-resistance endless belt then can judge, but can not guarantee that all there is the low-resistance endless belt in such low resistivity hydrocarbon layers.Therefore prior art is just identified qualitatively by the low-resistance endless belt, and does not draw the condition that forms the low-resistance endless belt.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the technical problem that exists in the prior art, researched and developed a kind of method that drilling mud is identified low resistivity hydrocarbon layers fast of optimizing, the present invention is by the relation between research flushed zone resistivity, intermediate zone resistivity and the virgin zone resistivity, optimize the drilling mud parameter, if make the stratum have oil gas, just will inevitably form the low-resistance endless belt, thereby identify fast low resistivity hydrocarbon layers, reduce the leakage low resistivity hydrocarbon layers.
Low resistivity hydrocarbon layers is that the relative shoulder-bed resistivity (SBR) of reservoir resistivity is lower or the absolute resistance rate is very low, by the resistivity instrument identification difficulty of routine.For achieving the above object, the technological means of taking in the present invention is as follows:
(1) condition of low-resistance endless belt formation.According to the A Erqi formula, intermediate zone resistivity R iLess than flushed zone resistivity R Xo,
Figure BDA0000098517710000031
With virgin zone resistivity R T, That is: Or R Z＜min (R T, R XO) intermediate zone resistivity can be write as R i = a R z φ m S z n .
Wherein: φ is formation porosity, obtains by experiment; S XoBe flushed zone saturation ratio, S Xo=1-S OrS OrBe residual oil saturation, obtain by experiment; S wFor the formation water saturation ratio, obtain by experiment; R MfBe mud resistivity, obtain by experiment; S WbFor the full degree of irreducible water, obtain by experiment; S ZBe water saturation in the intermediate zone, his excursion is (1-S Or)＞S Z＞S Wb
Calculating the condition that can judge formation low-resistance endless belt by inequality is: R mf > ( 1 - S or ) 2 - ( S w - S wb ) S w S w S wb R w
This formula can be write as:
R mf＞KR w (1)
Wherein: K = ( 1 - S or ) 2 - ( S w - S wb ) S w S w S wb . Just can judge whether to form the low-resistance endless belt according to formula (1).
(2) identification of low resistivity hydrocarbon layers.By (1) if in the design of mud resistivity have oil gas then can form the low-resistance endless belt, otherwise can not form the low-resistance endless belt, identify the low-resistance endless belt by array logs instrument (comprise array induction or array side to) again, thereby the identification low resistivity hydrocarbon layers reduces the leakage low resistivity hydrocarbon layers.In the actual well drilled process, by optimizing drilling mud resistivity, reach the purpose that forms the low-resistance endless belt.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind ofly optimize the method that drilling mud is identified low resistivity hydrocarbon layers fast, described recognition methods comprises according to the drilling and coring delivery data in zone to be measured and earth's surface physical data, the earth's surface test data is optimized the drilling mud parameter, sets up and estimates the drilling mud resistivity models that forms the low-resistance endless belt; The drilling mud resistivity value in rear detection zone to be measured is in conjunction with the process of above-mentioned Model Identification low resistivity hydrocarbon layers; Described mud resistivity model is: R Mf＞KR w
R ZBe intermediate zone resistivity;
R XOBe virgin zone resistivity;
R TBe flushed zone resistivity
φ is formation porosity, obtains by experiment;
S XoBe flushed zone saturation ratio, S Xo=1-S Or
S OrBe residual oil saturation, obtain by experiment;
S wFor the formation water saturation ratio, obtain by experiment;
R MfBe mud resistivity, obtain by experiment;
S WbFor the full degree of irreducible water, obtain by experiment;
S ZBe water saturation in the intermediate zone, his excursion is (1-S Or)＞S Z＞S Wb
Described method specifically comprises:
This drilling and coring delivery data is surveyed and obtained to step 1, i.e. core sample in the drilling process is for step 2 is prepared;
Step 2 is by degree of porosity φ, the irreducible water saturation S of the definite rock core of rock electricity experiment WbWith residual oil saturation S Or, %;
Step 3 is according to the formation water data of this block acquisition, i.e. formation water sample;
Step 4 is determined formation water resistivity R by the experiment of rock electricity w, Ω M;
Step 5, set up the resistivity models of drilling mud: according to satisfying the condition that forms the low-resistance endless belt:
R mf＞KR w，
K determines by above-mentioned irreducible water saturation, residual oil saturation and stratum water saturation,
K satisfy condition into K = ( 1 - S or ) 2 - ( S w - S wb ) S w S w S wb ;
Step 6 is determined needed drilling mud resistivity R by the experiment of rock electricity Mf, Ω M; Drilling mud is mud used in the drilling process; Make between mud resistivity and the formation water resistivity and satisfy R Mf＞KR w, the stratum just can form the low-resistance endless belt in drilling process;
Step 7, survey the low-resistance endless belt: to apparatus measures curve (one group of resistivity curve), can judge stratum oil-containing if detect the low-resistance endless belt by array induction or array side, otherwise stratum oil-containing not.
The scope of the COEFFICIENT K in the step 5 can be 1.5～6.5;
The degree of depth of the detection in the step 7 can be 0.25～3.05M;
Instrument in the step 7 is that array induction or array side are to instrument.
The present invention can improve the discrimination of low resistivity hydrocarbon layers, thereby improve the coefficient of mining of low resistitvity reservoir, reduce cost of exploration ﹠ development, such as the method bad identification of low resistivity hydrocarbon layers with routine, need to increase the nuclear magnetic resonance log project, the expense of every mouthful of well is hundreds of thousands unit, reduces this project with the inventive method, saves exploration expenditure.The widely dispersed of the low resistivity hydrocarbon layers in China and even the world, inadequate to low resistivity hydrocarbon layers understanding in the exploration process, unreasonable the making it easily of exploration means missed, to oil and gas development, stock assessment and unfavorable, the exploration of using this invention energy low resistivity hydrocarbon layers is highly beneficial, especially has a good application prospect to bending down the oil resistance gas field development in the high salinity condition.
Description of drawings
The drilling mud fluid saturation distribution map before the invaded formation not among Fig. 1;
Fig. 2 is the fluid saturation distribution map that forms behind the drilling mud invaded formation
Be illustrated in conjunction with concrete embodiment
The specific embodiment
The condition that the low-resistance endless belt forms:
Intermediate zone resistivity R ZLess than virgin zone resistivity R XOWith flushed zone resistivity R T, namely
R Z＜min(R T，R XO) (1)
Three expression formulas corresponding to resistivity are:
R XO = R mf φ 2 S xo 2 - - - ( 2 )
R T = R w φ 2 S w 2 - - - ( 3 )
R Z = R z φ 2 S z 2 - - - ( 4 )
Wherein: φ is formation porosity, obtains by experiment; S XoBe flushed zone saturation ratio, S Xo=1-S OrS OrBe residual oil saturation, obtain by experiment; S wFor the formation water saturation ratio, obtain by experiment; R MfBe mud resistivity, obtain by experiment; S WbFor the full degree of irreducible water, obtain by experiment; S ZBe water saturation in the intermediate zone, his excursion is (1-S Or)＞S Z＞S Wb
Can judge that in conjunction with (1)～(4) condition that forms the low-resistance endless belt is:
R mf > ( 1 - S or ) 2 - ( S w - S wb ) S w S w S wb R w
This formula can be write as:
R mf＞KR w (5)
Wherein: K = ( 1 - S or ) 2 - ( S w - S wb ) S w S w S wb
Just can judge whether to form the low-resistance endless belt according to formula (5).In the actual well drilled process, by optimizing drilling mud resistivity, reach the purpose that forms the low-resistance endless belt.
The drilling mud fluid saturation distribution map before the invaded formation not among Fig. 1: 1. being mud in the well-drilling borehole, 2. is the formation fluid saturation dimension, 3. is the hydrocarbon saturation size; Fig. 2 is the fluid saturation distribution map that forms behind the drilling mud invaded formation: 2., 3. in formation water saturation ratio, hydrocarbon saturation size reduce, because the phase permeability of oil phase, water varies in size, the volume that they reduce is also different, 1. replaced by drilling well mud and reduce part, at mud resistivity during greater than the certain numerical value of formation water resistivity, so that resistivity is big or small less than flushed zone resistivity and virgin zone resistivity in the depth bounds of certain invaded zone, thereby present the low-resistance zone phenomenon.
Embodiment 1: old liberated area identification low resistivity hydrocarbon layers
Certain well is in the exploration old block, and the deep investigation resistivity value is very low, and resistivity value is less than 1.5 Ω m, and resistivity is low to be because high salinity causes, is the low resistivity hydrocarbon layers of the typical high salinity origin cause of formation.The rock core irreducible water saturation is 31.6%, and residual oil saturation is 20%, is R according to calculating the condition that satisfies formation low-resistance endless belt in the summary of the invention Mf＞5.5R wFormation water analysis report formation water resistivity is 0.034 Ω m, and the actual well drilled mud resistivity is 0.45 Ω m, then mud resistivity R MfWith formation water resistivity R wBetween the relation that satisfies be: R Mf=13.2Rw satisfies the condition that forms the low-resistance endless belt far away.Therefore this well the low-resistance endless belt will inevitably occur when well logging, in fact process by the array induction data and explain that drawing stratum original state resistivity is 1.7 Ω m, intermediate zone resistivity is 1.1 Ω m, and flushed zone resistivity is 7.8 Ω m, intermediate zone resistivity is minimum, illustrates that the stratum has formed the low-resistance endless belt.Confirmed the stratum oil-containing by formation testing, formation testing day 1.5 tons of production fluids, wherein day produce oil is 0.5 ton, and is moisture 68.5%, 1503.1 tons of total production fluids, 557.1 tons of tired oily produce oils.
Embodiment 2: low resistivity hydrocarbon layers is found in the newly developed area
Certain well reservoir resistivity value is lower than the up and down resistivity value of country rock, is to belong to the lower low resistivity hydrocarbon layers of the relative shoulder-bed resistivity (SBR) of resistivity, and oil-water-layer identification difficulty is large, and this layer is not made any explanation before this.Show by the parameter induction loggings such as high frequency in the array induction, flushed zone resistivity is 10 Ω m, formation resistivity is 8 Ω m, flushed zone resistivity is invaded for increasing resistance greater than formation resistivity, be not oil-bearing layer on the ordinary meaning, but invaded zone resistivity is 6.5 Ω m, invaded zone resistivity is minimum, illustrate that the stratum has formed the low-resistance endless belt, then contain oil gas in the reservoir, analysis-by-synthesis is interpreted as oil-water common-layer.Confirmed after tested the stratum oil-containing, a day produce oil is 10t, moisture 57%.The discovery of this oil-gas Layer has been found a new oil-bearing layer at this block.Owing to 6.5＜min (10,8), institute thinks can be judged as oil-bearing layer when this example has confirmed to exist the low-resistance endless belt by the low-resistance endless belt.

Claims (3)

1. optimize the method that drilling mud is identified low resistivity hydrocarbon layers fast for one kind, it is characterized in that, described recognition methods comprises according to the drilling and coring delivery data in zone to be measured and earth's surface physical data, optimize the drilling mud parameter, set up and estimate the drilling mud resistivity models that forms the low-resistance endless belt, when mud resistivity numerical value satisfies model, the stratum will form the low-resistance endless belt; The drilling mud resistivity value in rear detection zone to be measured is in conjunction with the process of above-mentioned Model Identification low resistivity hydrocarbon layers; Described mud resistivity model is: R Mf＞KR wR MfBe mud resistivity, R WBe formation water resistivity, K is coefficient; K = ( 1 - S or ) 2 - ( S w - S wb ) S w S w S wb .
2. a kind of method that drilling mud is identified low resistivity hydrocarbon layers fast of optimizing according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described method comprises:
This drilling and coring delivery data is surveyed and obtained to step 1, i.e. core sample in the drilling process is for step 2 is prepared;
Step 2 is by degree of porosity φ, the irreducible water saturation S of the definite rock core of rock electricity experiment WbWith residual oil saturation S Or, %;
Step 3 is according to the formation water data of this block acquisition, i.e. formation water sample;
Step 4 is determined formation water resistivity R by the experiment of rock electricity w, Ω M;
Step 5, set up the resistivity models of drilling mud: according to satisfying the condition that forms the low-resistance endless belt:
R mf＞KR w，
K determines by above-mentioned irreducible water saturation, residual oil saturation and stratum water saturation,
K satisfy condition into K = ( 1 - S or ) 2 - ( S w - S wb ) S w S w S wb ;
Step 6 is determined needed drilling mud resistivity R by the experiment of rock electricity Mf, Ω M; Drilling mud is mud used in the drilling process; Make between mud resistivity and the formation water resistivity and satisfy R Mf＞KR w, the stratum just can form the low-resistance endless belt in drilling process;
Step 7, survey the low-resistance endless belt: by array induction or side direction apparatus measures curve (one group of resistivity curve), can judge the stratum oil-containing if detect the low-resistance endless belt, otherwise stratum oil-containing not.
3. a kind of method that drilling mud is identified low resistivity hydrocarbon layers fast of optimizing according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The scope of the COEFFICIENT K in the step 5 is 1.5～6.5;
The degree of depth of the detection in the step 7 is 0.25～3.05M;
Instrument in the step 7 is array induction or array lateral type instrument.
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CN105604548A (en) * 2014-11-05 2016-05-25 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A reservoir oil identification method based on oil base drilling fluid
CN106223940A (en) * 2016-07-19 2016-12-14 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Comprehensive identification method and device for low-resistivity oil layer of multilayer sandstone oil reservoir
CN109667576A (en) * 2018-12-25 2019-04-23 西安石油大学 A kind of high salinity origin cause of formation low-resistivity reservoir Logging Identification Method
CN109989743A (en) * 2019-05-06 2019-07-09 中海油田服务股份有限公司 A kind of method and system of determining mud filtrate depth of invasion
CN112377175A (en) * 2020-11-03 2021-02-19 长江大学 Method and system for optimizing drilling mud to quickly identify low-resistance oil-gas reservoir
CN114592853A (en) * 2020-11-30 2022-06-07 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Identification method of ultra-deep and low-barrier gas layers in subsalt
CN115234216A (en) * 2022-05-25 2022-10-25 东营市永昇能源科技有限责任公司 Method for establishing logging identification layout and application thereof
CN115726771A (en) * 2021-08-27 2023-03-03 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Identification and evaluation method for complex fault block oil reservoir low-resistivity oil-gas layer

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CN105604548A (en) * 2014-11-05 2016-05-25 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A reservoir oil identification method based on oil base drilling fluid
CN105604548B (en) * 2014-11-05 2019-01-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of formation oil based on oil base drilling fluid sentences knowledge method
CN106223940A (en) * 2016-07-19 2016-12-14 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Comprehensive identification method and device for low-resistivity oil layer of multilayer sandstone oil reservoir
CN109667576A (en) * 2018-12-25 2019-04-23 西安石油大学 A kind of high salinity origin cause of formation low-resistivity reservoir Logging Identification Method
CN109989743A (en) * 2019-05-06 2019-07-09 中海油田服务股份有限公司 A kind of method and system of determining mud filtrate depth of invasion
CN112377175A (en) * 2020-11-03 2021-02-19 长江大学 Method and system for optimizing drilling mud to quickly identify low-resistance oil-gas reservoir
CN112377175B (en) * 2020-11-03 2023-07-25 长江大学 Method and system for optimizing drilling mud and rapidly identifying low-resistance oil-gas layer
CN114592853A (en) * 2020-11-30 2022-06-07 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Identification method of ultra-deep and low-barrier gas layers in subsalt
CN114592853B (en) * 2020-11-30 2024-11-26 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Identification method of ultra-deep low-resistance gas layer under salt
CN115726771A (en) * 2021-08-27 2023-03-03 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Identification and evaluation method for complex fault block oil reservoir low-resistivity oil-gas layer
CN115234216A (en) * 2022-05-25 2022-10-25 东营市永昇能源科技有限责任公司 Method for establishing logging identification layout and application thereof
CN115234216B (en) * 2022-05-25 2023-09-19 东营市永昇能源科技有限责任公司 Method for establishing logging identification layout and application thereof

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