CN103038612B - 用于确定和/或监控预定料位的设备 - Google Patents

用于确定和/或监控预定料位的设备 Download PDF

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CN103038612B
CN103038612B CN201180036994.7A CN201180036994A CN103038612B CN 103038612 B CN103038612 B CN 103038612B CN 201180036994 A CN201180036994 A CN 201180036994A CN 103038612 B CN103038612 B CN 103038612B
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马丁·乌尔班
赫尔穆特·普法伊费尔
福尔克尔·德赖尔
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Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
    • G01F23/263—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors
    • G01F23/266—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors measuring circuits therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/24—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
    • G01F23/263—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors
    • G01F23/265—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors for discrete levels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
    • G01F23/263—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors
    • G01F23/268—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors mounting arrangements of probes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
    • G01F23/2966—Acoustic waves making use of acoustical resonance or standing waves
    • G01F23/2967—Acoustic waves making use of acoustical resonance or standing waves for discrete levels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
    • G01F23/2968—Transducers specially adapted for acoustic level indicators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F25/00—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
    • G01F25/20—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of apparatus for measuring liquid level
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
    • G01N11/16—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/002—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity using variation of the resonant frequency of an element vibrating in contact with the material submitted to analysis
    • G01N2009/006—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity using variation of the resonant frequency of an element vibrating in contact with the material submitted to analysis vibrating tube, tuning fork

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  • Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于确定和/或监控容器中介质的至少一个料位的设备。所述设备至少包括：具有至少一个电极的电容性或导电性探测单元；以及控制/评估单元。本发明的特征包括：所述电极为中空主体；突出到所述容器中的所述电极的端部区域被实施为可振动膜；驱动/接收单元设置在所述膜的内侧上，其中所述驱动/接收单元激励所述膜以执行机械振动，并且从其中接收机械振动，并将机械振动转换为接收的电信号；以及所述控制/评估单元至少不时地向所述电极提供电压，和电容性或导电性地确定所述介质的料位；和/或所述控制/评估单元至少不时地向所述驱动/接收单元提供激励器信号，并且根据所述接收的电信号确定所述介质的料位。

Description

用于确定和/或监控预定料位的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于确定和/或监控容器中介质的至少一个料位的设备。该设备至少包括：具有至少一个电极的电容性或导电性探测单元；以及控制/评估单元。
背景技术
为了确定或监控容器中介质的限位，已知根据不同测量原理运行的各种测量装置，其中测量装置的选择取决于各自应用领域。例如，对于导电性液体，优选使用导电性传感器，在该情况下，对容器中提供的棒状电极与容器壁之间的电阻进行测量。然而，对于具有低导电性的介质，难以甚至不可能进行导电性测量。在不导电性液体的情况下，经常使用电容性传感器，其同样具有一个或多个电极并且其确定电极和容器壁之间的电容。在该情况下，介质起电介质的作用。与液体的导电性无关地，能够使用膜振动器或振动叉形式的电子振动限位开关，其基于被激励而振动的元件的变化的振动特性来检测介质。然而，在高粘性或脱气介质的情况下，电子振动限位开关可能给出有缺陷的测量结果。迄今为止还未已知同样适合所有这些应用的测量装置。
发明内容
因而，本发明的目的是提供一种具有更大应用范围的料位测量设备。
通过下列特征实现该目的，其包括：电极实施为中空主体；电极突出到容器中的端部区域实施为可振动膜；在膜的内侧设置驱动/接收单元，其激励膜，以执行机械振动并且从其中接收机械振动，并且将该机械振动转换为电接收信号；控制/评估单元至少不时地向电极提供电压，并且电容性或导电性地确定介质的料位；和/或控制/评估单元至少不时地向驱动/接收单元提供激励器信号，并且根据电接收信号确定介质的料位。
因而，探测单元不仅能够执行电容性或导电性料位测量，而是作为补充，也能够电子振动地确定料位。通过该方式，能够以独立方式冗余地确定过程变量、限位，使得产生检查关于料位信息的能力。如果两个测量原理其中之一失败，仍能够通过另一原理的测量保证正确确定和显示料位。这提高了用于料位监控的系统的安全性。此外，可能通过该设备确定其他过程变量，诸如介质的粘性和/或密度。因而，也提供一种多功能或多变量传感器。
优选地，借助于两个测量方法连续地确定料位。另一方面，在具有变化的过程条件的应用中，能够在两者之间转换测量原理，并且使用最适合各自条件的测量方法。由于其使用的多层面的机会，能够在不需要了解其随后使用位置的介质特性的前提下，更早获得和贮存测量装置。
此外，为了能够进行另外的电容性或导电性测量，能够通过彼此绝缘的一个或多个电极翻新现有电子振动测量装置。在该情况下，电子振动测量装置能够等同于膜振动器、振动叉或单根棒状振动器。
在本发明解决方案的第一实施例中，控制/评估单元确定电极和容器壁之间的电容或电阻，并且据此确定料位。在导电性测量中，在电极上提供交流电压，容器接地，并且确定电极和容器之间的电阻或电流。当导电性介质接触探测单元时，测量电流或电阻。在不导电性介质的料位的电容性测量中，介质形成电介质，其设置在由电极形成的电容器板和容器的接地壁之间。
在实施例中，探测单元包括绝缘体，其至少分段地、径向地围绕电极。一方面，绝缘体起保护电极使其不受腐蚀的作用，另一方面，绝缘体用于在电极和导电性介质之间电绝缘。在导电性介质的料位的电容性确定中，绝缘体起电介质的作用，并且介质代替容器起对置电极的作用。
在实施例中，该设备至少包括第二电极。该电极实施为中空主体，并且然后能够将其称为第一电极。在与其连接的另外实施例中，第二电极至少分段地同轴地围绕第一电极和绝缘体。第二电极能够本质上具有和第一电极相同的长度，或者更短，并且仅在与该工艺连接相邻的部分中围绕第一电极。优选地，第二电极被提供有和第一电极相同的电压，并且其起屏蔽电极的作用，以便在聚积形成的情况下防止测量误差。在不导电性液体的料位的电容性确定的替换实施例中，第二电极同轴地围绕第一电极，其中介质能够渗透在第一和第二电极之间。然后，第二电极能够起接地管的作用，并且作为代替，在两个电极之间进行电容测量。在导电性探测的情况下，在每种情况下，都能够在电极和大地之间测量电流。然后为了评估，比较两个测量值。在导电性探测单元的另一实施例中，第二电极构成接地。
该设备的实施例包括这样的特征，即在容器中齐平地设置探测单元。该实施例提供这样的优点，即因为仅探测单元的端部区域接触介质，所以探测单元不提供积聚污垢和细菌的地点。在该实施例中，仅可通过导电性或电容性测量监控限位。
在替换实施例中，探测单元为棒状，并且完全突出到容器中。与此关联的是设备的另一实施例，在该情况下，间隔隔开并且与第一电极电绝缘地设置第二电极。如果容纳介质的容器不导电，为了导电性或电容性测量，第二棒状电极就起地的作用。在实施例中，第二电极和第一电极长度不同，使得导电性地可检测最小和最大料位。在另外的实施例中，除了第一电极，探测单元还包括第二和第三电极，其中第一和第二电极长度不同，并且起监控两个不同料位的作用，并且其中第三电极形成代替容器的地。
在本发明的实施例中，驱动/接收单元包括至少一个压电元件。在该情况下，其为设置在彼此顶部上的多个压电元件的堆叠驱动器，或者为直接设置在膜上的一个压电元件或多个元件的双压电晶片驱动器。
附图说明
现在将基于附图更详细地解释本发明，附图如下所示：
图1示意性示出容器中的各种料位测量装置；以及
图2示出探测结构的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出部分填充有液体介质6并且具有用于监控料位的四个不同测量装置的容器5。其中示出进行电容性或导电性测量的导电性传感器11、电容性传感器12、齐平传感器13，以及代表电子振动测量装置的振动叉14。在每种情况下，测量装置11、12都具有探测单元2，其从上部向内突出到容器5中。在保留于容器外部的传感器头部中容纳电子组件，诸如控制/评估单元25。在容器中横向安装的齐平安装传感器13的探测单元2与容器5的壁齐平地端止，使得仅表面出现在容器5的内部。每个探测单元2都具有一个或多个电极，并且用于电容性或导电性记录料位。通过现有技术已知这样的测量装置，并且可通过受让人获得多种型号。本发明本身同样关注齐平探测单元、棒状探测和缆线探测，在缆线探测的情况下，探测单元被固定至缆线。此外，本发明涉及电子振动测量装置，即所谓的振动叉、单振动棒和膜振动器。作为电子振动测量装置的示例示出振动叉14。振动叉14具有被激励以执行振动的可振动单元4。振动特性取决于介质的密度，所以，通过这些特性，可确定介质覆盖的程度，以及浸没状态下的介质的密度和粘性。
图2示出本发明的设备的有利实施例，其使用在不导电或者仅非常轻微导电性介质中使用的齐平安装的、电容性传感器13的示例。该传感器设置在容器5中对应于待监控的料位的高度。其中示出通过圆柱形探测单元2的端部区域的截面。外部构造对应于通常的齐平电容性探测单元：由壳体26封装该结构，壳体26也起工艺连接的作用，例如通过配备有用于啮合容器5的螺纹实现。同心地设置的是第一电极21和第二电极24以及两个绝缘体23a、23b，其中内部绝缘体23a将第一电极21与第二电极24电绝缘，并且其中外部绝缘体23b将第二电极24与壳体26电绝缘。壳体26接地，同时向第一电极21和第二电极24提供相同的交流电压。第二电极24起保护或屏蔽电极的作用，而利用圆柱形的第一电极21，借助第一电极21和容器5的壁或壳体26之间的电容确定介质6的料位。优选地，电极21、24和壳体26都由不锈钢制造。
与通常的测量电极相比，第一电极21是中空主体。分别面对介质6、容器5内部的横向表面实施为可振动的薄膜22的两侧。在膜22的内侧上，即在位于探测单元22内部中的表面上对称设置两个作为驱动/接收单元3的压电元件。在其他实施例中，驱动/接收单元3仅由一个压电元件或者由设置在堆叠中的多个压电元件组成。驱动/接收单元3在膜22上的位置本质上取决于将产生的振动模式。一旦向驱动/接收单元3提供交流电压，其就激励膜22以执行机械振动。在该情况下，发生激励，使得膜22以本征模式振动。通过所示出的设置，例如能够激励第一本征模式，即膜的一半以和另一半相反的相位振动。如果介质6覆盖膜22的程度变化，振动频率也变化，使得通过其可检测达到的料位。此外，通过从电容性测量获得的关于料位的信息、从电子振动测量获得的关于振动特性的信息，可确定介质6的密度或粘性。借助于膜22的振动确定料位、密度和粘性的过程类似于已知的通过膜振动器的电子振动测量方法。
此外，所示构造也对应于用于确定导电性介质的限位的齐平安装、导电性探测的构造。
在另一种方法中，膜振动器或振动叉具有至少一个补充绝缘电极，使得同样导致根据图2的构造。在该情况下，通过膜22或其中设置有叉齿的膜形成其端部区域的膜振动器的壳体或振动叉的壳体形成第一电极21。
因而，利用根据本发明实施的探测单元2，能够通过下列两种方式确定料位：电子振动地和电容性地；或者电子振动地和导电性地。所有实施例的共同之处在于，涉及两个完全不同的测量原理，相应地测量是基于完全不同的介质特性。在导电性测量的情况下，该介质特性为导电性，在电容性测量的情况下，该介质特性为介电常数，并且在电子振动测量的情况下，该介质特性为介质的密度。通过该方式，能够在用于特别可靠测量的共享功能范围内进行组合测量，并且此外，其单独涵盖分别通过其他测量原理不可获得的测量范围。通过该方式，补充地扩大了应用范围。通过下列事实补偿了膜振动器在介质中出现气泡时进行测量所负担的问题的缺点，即电容性或导电性测量可能不受气泡的影响。通过不取决于介质的导电性的电子振动测量补偿了不可能在具有非常小的导电性的介质中进行测量的导电性测量原理的缺点。
参考标识列表
11导电性传感器
12电容性传感器
13齐平传感器
14振动叉
2探测单元
21（第一）电极
22膜
23a绝缘体
23b绝缘体
24第二电极
25控制/评估单元
26壳体
3驱动/接收单元
4可振动单元
5容器
6介质

Claims (10)

1.一种用于确定和/或监控容器(5)中介质(6)的至少一个料位的设备，其中所述设备至少包括：具有至少一个第一电极(21)的电容性或导电性探测单元(2)；以及控制/评估单元(25)；
所述设备的特征在于，
所述第一电极(21)实施为中空主体，
所述第一电极(21)突出到所述容器(5)中的端部区域实施为可振动膜(22)，
在所述膜(22)的内侧设置驱动/接收单元(3)，其激励所述膜(22)，以执行机械振动并且从其中接收机械振动，并且将机械振动转换为电接收信号，以及
所述控制/评估单元(25)至少不时地向所述第一电极(21)提供电压，并且电容性或导电性地确定所述介质(6)的料位，和/或
所述控制/评估单元(25)至少不时地向所述驱动/接收单元(3)提供激励器信号，并且根据所述电接收信号确定所述介质(6)的料位、密度和/或粘性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中
所述控制/评估单元(25)确定所述第一电极(21)和所述容器(5)的壁之间的电容或电阻，并且据此确定料位。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其中
所述探测单元(2)包括绝缘体(23a)，其至少分段地、径向围绕所述第一电极(21)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其中
所述设备至少包括第二电极(24)。
5.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其中
所述设备至少包括第二电极(24)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备，其中
所述第二电极(24)同轴地围绕所述第一电极(21)和所述绝缘体(23a)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中
所述探测单元(2)齐平地设置在所述容器(5)中。
8.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中
所述探测单元(2)为棒状并且完全突出到所述容器(5)中。
9.根据权利要求4所述的设备，其中
所述第二电极(24)设置为与所述第一电极(21)间隔隔开并且与其电绝缘。
10.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中
所述驱动/接收单元(3)包括至少一个压电元件。
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