Background technology
Existing malfunction monitoring technology and the device that is used for the radio frequency transmission circuit has two classes:
The first kind is the portable detector of off-line type, the portable detector of this off-line type can not be realized on-line real time monitoring, need to manually carry portable detector and go to the scene, detect along transmission line, there are maintenance work difficulty, waste of manpower, the untimely problem of malfunction elimination, easily cause the hidden danger of production, operation.
Equations of The Second Kind is the on-line monitoring instrument, this kind on-line monitoring instrument is at the two ends of tested radio frequency transmission circuit tested radio frequency transmission circuit to be tested, include the two ends slave and the main frame that are located at tested radio frequency transmission circuit, main frame emissioning testing signal at one end wherein, slave receives test signal at the other end, with this detection foundation as tested radio frequency transmission circuit.There is following problem in this kind on-line monitoring instrument:
1) can't judge the particular location of fault in the tested radio frequency transmission circuit, because the length of tested radio frequency transmission circuit mostly is greatly several kilometers, the maintenance maintenance personnel need spend plenty of time energy investigation fault point, cause operating efficiency low, cause the maintenance work difficulty.
2) when the far-end of tested radio frequency transmission circuit connects antenna, can't access slave, thereby can not monitor the tested radio frequency transmission circuit that is connected to antenna, therefore can not carry out comprehensive monitoring to tested radio frequency transmission circuit.
3) information interaction between main frame, the slave transmits by tested radio frequency transmission circuit, and namely this monitoring mode can not be independent of tested radio frequency transmission circuit and work, if tested radio frequency transmission circuit interrupts returning test data, does not reach the purpose of monitoring.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of online Fault Locating Method of radio frequency transmission circuit and equipment that can effectively solve the existing problem of malfunction monitoring technology of existing two class radio frequency transmission circuits.
The online Fault Locating Method of radio frequency transmission circuit is the single-ended of radio frequency transmission circuit described radio frequency transmission circuit to be tested among the present invention, namely enter an inserter in the situation that do not affect the work of tested radio frequency transmission circuit regular link in a termination of tested radio frequency transmission circuit, produced the Frequency Hopping Signal of the communication work frequency of closing on described radio frequency transmission circuit by the high accuracy frequency hopping signal generator of the control of the control unit in the fault location main frame, in online mode this tested radio frequency transmission circuit is begun sweep test by described inserter, from near the always sweep test of an end of described inserter to distal-most end, the joint of testing tested radio frequency transmission circuit and connecing, wire jumper, the phase modulation head, lightning arrester, the return loss of each position and standing wave value and corresponding position thereof in the whole transmission line of direct current obstructing instrument or antenna, and demonstrate the particular location of guilty culprit in this radio frequency transmission circuit.
Described Frequency Hopping Signal is divided into the two-way Frequency Hopping Signal by control unit control, the circulator of wherein leading up to is launched, and the reverse reflected wave of generation when in the radio frequency transmission circuit, transmitting, reflected wave returns through circulator and another road Frequency Hopping Signal and carries out mixing, obtain one group of signal after the mixing, signal after this group mixing is carried out fast Fourier transform, just can obtain time-domain information from the information of frequency domain, temporal information according to this pip, signaling rate, the frequency hopping bandwidth, just can obtain this pip to the distance of test port, when the reflection intensity of wave surpasses the thresholding of setting, judge that then this pip is the fault point, position and the physical characteristic value thereof of fault point have also just obtained.
The data communication device that described monitoring obtains crosses wired mode or wireless mode is linked in the data network, reaches Surveillance center again.
Described wired mode is optical fiber.
The frequency of described Frequency Hopping Signal at tens MHz outside the operating frequency between the 100MHz.
The online FLU Fault Location Unit of radio frequency transmission circuit includes the fault location main frame among the present invention, inserter, the field management unit, Surveillance center and data transmission link, wherein the signal inserter is connected with the fault location main frame, be provided with the high accuracy frequency hopping signal generator in the fault location main frame, control unit, circulator, frequency mixer and signal processing unit, wherein high-precision signal source is a kind of signal source that can produce Frequency Hopping Signal, the Frequency Hopping Signal of being controlled described high-precision signal source generation by described control unit is divided into two groups, wherein one group inputs to tested radio frequency transmission circuit through described circulator, and the reverse reflected wave of generation when in the radio frequency transmission circuit, transmitting, reflected wave returns through circulator and another road Frequency Hopping Signal and carry out mixing in described frequency mixer, obtain one group of signal after the mixing, signal after this group mixing is carried out fast Fourier transform, just can obtain time-domain information from the information of frequency domain, temporal information according to this pip, signaling rate, the frequency hopping bandwidth, just can obtain this pip to the distance of test port, when the reflection intensity of wave surpasses the thresholding of setting, judge that then this pip is the fault point, position and the physical characteristic value thereof of fault point have also just obtained.
Described inserter is a kind of frequency division duplex device.
Described signal processing unit carries out signal processing analysis to the signal that is reflected back, and draws return loss and standing wave value and the corresponding position thereof of each position of whole transmission line, and demonstrates the particular location that this is transmitted guilty culprit in the circuit.
Described high-precision signal source includes voltage controlled oscillator and phase discriminator, described voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) output frequency and reference frequency are by the voltage-controlled voltage of output behind the phase discriminator phase demodulation, voltage-controlled voltage control voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) output of phase discriminator output, be the frequency of voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) output with voltage-controlled change in voltage, can obtain described Frequency Hopping Signal.
The online FLU Fault Location Unit of described radio frequency transmission circuit is connected with the self check load circuit that can make complete self-checking function at the output of described circulator, described self check load circuit after tested/self-test switch is communicated with described circulator, utilize test/self-test switch can switch to the self check passage, described self check load is detected, finish self-checking function.
The online Fault Locating Method of radio frequency transmission circuit and equipment have the following advantages among the present invention:
1, monitored radio frequency transmission circuit is carried out online single-ended measurement.
2, monitored radio frequency transmission circuit is carried out online fault location.
3, when the far-end of tested radio frequency transmission circuit connects antenna, can monitor equally, can accomplish tested radio frequency transmission circuit is carried out comprehensive monitoring, do not have monitoring not situation.
4, because use the method for single-ended measurement, need not the interactive information by tested radio frequency transmission circuit two ends, thereby be independent of monitored leakage cable and work, can not leak the situation that cable interrupts returning test data.
5, has complete self-checking function.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment among the present invention is described in further detail.
The online Fault Locating Method of radio frequency transmission circuit is only at the single end testing of radio frequency transmission circuit (hereinafter to be referred as tested radio frequency transmission circuit) among the present invention, specific as follows: as shown in Figure 1, end at tested radio frequency transmission circuit, in the situation that do not affect regular link work, access an inserter, export the outer detection signal of band of the communication work frequency of closing on tested radio frequency transmission circuit in online mode by inserter, the outer detection signal of this band is the Frequency Hopping Signal that the high accuracy frequency hopping signal generator produces in the fault location main frame, this Frequency Hopping Signal is divided into the two-way Frequency Hopping Signal by control unit control, the circulator of wherein leading up to is launched, when in tested transmission line, transmitting, can produce reverse reflected wave, reflected wave returns through circulator and another road Frequency Hopping Signal and carries out mixing, obtain one group of signal after the mixing, signal after this group mixing is carried out fast Fourier transform, it is the FFT conversion, just can obtain time-domain information from the information of frequency domain, temporal information according to this pip, signaling rate (signaling rate=light velocity * transmission factor), the frequency hopping bandwidth, just can obtain this pip to the distance of test port, when the reflection intensity of wave surpasses the thresholding of setting, judge that then this pip is the fault point, position and the physical characteristic value thereof of fault point have also just obtained.
The online FLU Fault Location Unit of radio frequency transmission circuit includes the fault location main frame among the present invention, the signal inserter, field management unit (FSU), Surveillance center and data transmission link, wherein the signal inserter is connected with the fault location main frame, the fault location main frame is connected with the existing unit of field pipes, in the fault location main frame, be provided with control unit, the high accuracy frequency hopping signal generator, circulator, frequency mixer and signal processing unit, wherein the high accuracy frequency hopping signal generator is a kind of signal source that can produce Frequency Hopping Signal, the Frequency Hopping Signal that is produced by control unit control high accuracy frequency hopping signal generator is divided into two-way, wherein one the tunnel input to tested radio frequency transmission circuit through circulator, and the reverse reflected wave of generation when in the radio frequency transmission circuit, transmitting, reflected wave returns through circulator and another road Frequency Hopping Signal and carries out mixing, obtain one group of signal after the mixing, signal after this group mixing is carried out fast Fourier transform, it is the FFT conversion, just can obtain time-domain information from the information of frequency domain, temporal information according to this pip, signaling rate (signaling rate=light velocity * transmission factor), the frequency hopping bandwidth, just can obtain this pip to the distance of test port, when the reflection intensity of wave surpasses the thresholding of setting, judge that then this pip is the fault point, position and the physical characteristic value thereof of fault point have also just obtained.
The online FLU Fault Location Unit of radio frequency transmission circuit among the present invention is connected with the self check load circuit that can make complete self-checking function at the output of circulator, the self check load circuit after tested/self-test switch is communicated with described circulator, utilize test/self-test switch can switch to the self check passage, the self check load is detected, finish self-checking function.
Control unit in the fault location main frame among the present invention is mainly finished power supply access and system control function.Control two-way high accuracy Frequency Hopping Signal, the circulator of leading up to is launched, tested transmission line is monitored, the frequency mixer of leading up in addition carries out mixing with the monitor signal that reflects, the entering signal processing unit, carry out signal processing analysis, draw return loss and standing wave value and the corresponding position thereof of each position of whole transmission line, and demonstrate the particular location that this is transmitted guilty culprit in the circuit.
Frequency Hopping Signal among the present invention is sent by the high accuracy frequency hopping signal generator that is located in the fault location main frame, because be on-line monitoring, need to adapt to the jamproof requirement of dual system conllinear work, so necessary special design of Frequency Hopping Signal parameter, specifically: the 1) selection of frequency: outside working band, again can not be away from working band, frequency phase-difference is too large, the physical radio characteristic can be different, through calculating and field test, this Frequency Hopping Signal frequency should be selected in and depart from working band tens MHz to being the best between the 100MHz; 2) energy of Frequency Hopping Signal will be limited, although be outside the band, can not affect the dynamic range of tested radio frequency transmission circuit; 3) during on-line monitoring, dual system will be passed through the inserter conllinear, and this inserter is a kind of frequency division duplex device, plays higher Anti-Jamming.In order to reach above demand, the high accuracy frequency hopping signal generator includes voltage controlled oscillator, phase discriminator among the present invention, described voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) output frequency and reference frequency are by the voltage-controlled voltage of output behind the phase discriminator phase demodulation, voltage-controlled voltage control voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) output of phase discriminator output, be the frequency of voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) output with voltage-controlled change in voltage, can obtain described Frequency Hopping Signal.As shown in Figure 4.
The reckoning principle of fault location precision in the fault location main frame: according to the actual monitoring requirements of one's work, also to satisfy according to principle, method and the parameter designing discussed, the fault location precision can be selected between less than 1 meter to 50 meters, and positioning accuracy is determined by rear relation of plane: positioning accuracy=signaling rate/2 times Frequency Hopping Signal bandwidth; Signaling rate=light velocity * transmission factor.For example: fault point (standing wave is 2, return loss 10dB) is arranged at radio frequency transmission circuit 1km place, and when communication frequency was 950 MHz, test frequency was selected 900MHz, hundred meters loss 2dB of this radio-frequency transmission line, transmission speed coefficient 0.8.
The beginning Measurement and Computation: the parameter of test signal when the test access port place of this radio-frequency transmission line (inserter) is the class frequency about 900MHz, power absolute value P1=0dBm; This group signal transmits in the radio frequency transmission circuit and arrives the fault point and produce reverse reflected wave, reflected wave returns through another road Frequency Hopping Signal in circulator and the fault location main frame and carries out mixing, obtain one group of signal after the mixing, signal after this group mixing is carried out fast Fourier transform, it is the FFT conversion, can obtain distance (calculating with the light velocity) 1.25km of fault point, multiply by transmission speed coefficient 0.8, just can to obtain the fault point be 1km to the actual range of test port, (difference of P2 and P1 is actually and is divided by for the power of reflected wave and test incident power relative value (dB) value poor, relatively multiple is taken the logarithm) obtain-10dB after adding the compensation of loss, namely return loss is 10dB; It is 14.6 that fault threshold can be decided to be the return loss absolute value, and namely the return loss absolute value was less than 14.6 o'clock, and system just is judged to be fault.
Surveillance center, take railway applications as example, it is the meassge hook point that carries out monitoring management in order to monitored device in the special line railway zone of a Railway Bureau or independent maintenance, it is the core stage in the supervisory control system, its is responsible for monitoring and management that the monitored device in the whole monitoring range is concentrated, also to the management of supervisory control system itself.Its major function has: accept in real time and show that each FSU monitored device obtains service data, operating state and warning information; Carry out the order of straighforward operation to controlled device; Communicate with the Surveillance center of upper level, upwards transmit as requested relevant data information, receive the detection control command that the higher level issues; Have friendly graphical operation interface, can demonstration office station and the geographical position of equipment, space layout, equipment running status schematic diagram etc.; Carry out acknowledged alarm and processing; Equipment operating data is carried out statistical disposition, generate various statistical report forms and curve; Inquiry, demonstration and history of printing data, alarm record, operation note, statistical report form and curve;
Carry out data storage management; The operations such as the various configuration informations to this center are inquired about, modification; The supplementarys such as personnel, equipment are managed; System is carried out safety management, arrange and check user cipher and authority; Computer, communication route etc. in the system are diagnosed; Find the timely alarm of fault; Perfect help information is provided.
When the online FLU Fault Location Unit of radio frequency transmission circuit among the present invention is used for leakage cable (waveguide) on-line monitoring of the communicating by letter of railway communication and urban track traffic, signal, adopt structure as shown in Figure 2, during the on-line monitoring of the radio frequency cable in, the building underground when the online FLU Fault Location Unit of radio frequency transmission circuit among the present invention being used for be embedded in, as shown in Figure 3.
In sum, radio frequency transmission circuit on-line monitoring method and equipment have following characteristics among the present invention:
1, in railway territory, use this radio frequency transmission circuit on-line monitoring method and equipment, can be used for railway communication and leak the on-line monitoring of cable and antenna feeder, can really accomplish comprehensive monitoring, fault location, reduce line service difficulty and the workload of railway communication, top bar to the management of railway communication line service technology platform is provided, guarantee the safety of the operation of railway communication network and driving.
2, in the urban track traffic field, use this radio frequency transmission circuit on-line monitoring method and equipment, the on-line monitoring of cable and the on-line monitoring of signal wave-guides are leaked in the communication that can be used for subway, light rail, can really accomplish comprehensive monitoring, fault location, reduce communication and signal line service difficulty and the workload of subway, light rail, top bar to the communication of subway, light rail and the management of signal line service technology platform is provided, guarantee the safety of communication, signal network operation and the driving of subway, light rail.
3, in moving communicating field, use this radio frequency transmission circuit on-line monitoring method and equipment, can be used for mobile communication and leak the on-line monitoring of cable and antenna feeder, can really accomplish comprehensive monitoring, fault location, reduce mobile communication in line service difficulty and the workload of leaking cable and antenna feeder.
4, in other field, every have a radio frequency transmission circuit, because of length, the reason such as overhead, buried, is inconvenient to detect, and all can use this radio frequency transmission circuit on-line monitoring method and equipment, carries out on-line monitoring, accomplishes comprehensive monitoring, fault location.
5, monitoring leakage cable and antenna feeder can carry out fault pre-alarming, and can understand in real time failure condition, investigate fast network failure, and then carry out quickly and accurately effective decision-making and accurate commander, and greatly shortening the processing time of fault, Reduction of failure is on the impact of safety in production as far as possible.