CN103036059B - A kind of electromagnetic wave converging element - Google Patents
A kind of electromagnetic wave converging element Download PDFInfo
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- CN103036059B CN103036059B CN201110302223.XA CN201110302223A CN103036059B CN 103036059 B CN103036059 B CN 103036059B CN 201110302223 A CN201110302223 A CN 201110302223A CN 103036059 B CN103036059 B CN 103036059B
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- electromagnetic wave
- converging element
- wave converging
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- metamaterial
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005291 magnetic Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229950000845 Politef Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000529 magnetic ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001259 photo etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of electromagnetic wave converging element, described electromagnetic wave converging element is spherical in shape, described electromagnetic wave converging element is made up of multiple metamaterial flat superpositions being parallel to each other, base material that each metamaterial flat includes lamellar and the man-made microstructure being arranged on base material, refractive index at described electromagnetic wave converging element same pole radius is identical, and refractive index is gradually reduced along with the increase of polar radius, the center of described electromagnetic wave converging element is provided with cavity.According to electromagnetic wave converging element of the present invention, incident electromagnetic wave is the most incident from which direction, all can converge to the center of electromagnetic wave converging element, so places payload in the cavity of center, such as photodiode, can be achieved with highdensity luminous energy and receives.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electromagnetic wave converging element.
Background technology
Meta Materials is a kind of new material, and the base material being made up of nonmetallic materials and attachment are on substrate surface
Or it is embedded in what the multiple man-made microstructure within base material were constituted.Base material can be virtually divided into rectangular array
Multiple square substrates unit of arrangement, each base material unit are attached with man-made microstructure thus form one and surpass
Material cell, whole Meta Materials is i.e. made up of hundreds thousand of, million the most more than one hundred million such metamaterial unit
, just as crystal is to be made up of according to certain arrangement countless lattices.People in each metamaterial unit
Make micro structure identical or incomplete same.Man-made microstructure is to form certain geometric cylinder or flat
Flat metal silk, such as, form annular, the tinsel etc. of " work " shape.
Due to the existence of man-made microstructure, each metamaterial unit has the equivalent dielectric being different from base material itself
Constant and equivalent permeability, electric field and magnetic field are presented by the Meta Materials that the most all of metamaterial unit is constituted
Special response characteristic；Meanwhile, man-made microstructure is designed different concrete structures and shape, can be changed it
The effective dielectric constant of unit and equivalent permeability, and then change the response characteristic of whole Meta Materials.
As lens can converge directional light, plane electromagnetic wave also can be come together and even converges finding by people
Element on any, enables in quantity set, improves efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, it is provided that one is concentrated energy, proposed the remittance of high efficiency electromagnetic wave
Poly-element.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of electromagnetic wave converging element of structure,
A kind of electromagnetic wave converging element, described electromagnetic wave converging element is spherical in shape, and described electromagnetic wave converging element is by many
The individual metamaterial flat superposition composition being parallel to each other, each metamaterial flat includes base material and the setting of lamellar
Man-made microstructure on base material, the refractive index at described electromagnetic wave converging element same pole radius is identical, and
And refractive index is gradually reduced along with the increase of polar radius, the center of described electromagnetic wave converging element is provided with
Cavity.
Further, described metamaterial flat also includes the packed layer covering man-made microstructure.
Further, each metamaterial flat is divided into multiple identical metamaterial unit, each Meta Materials list
Unit is made up of a man-made microstructure, unit base material and unit packed layer.
Further, each metamaterial flat only one of which metamaterial unit in a thickness direction.
Further, the length physical dimension of each metamaterial unit is not more than incident electromagnetic wave wavelength
1/5th.
Further, length physical dimension is incident electromagnetic wave wavelength the ten of each metamaterial unit
/ mono-.
Further, described man-made microstructure is the metal micro structure being made up of metal wire.
Further, described man-made microstructure is copper cash or silver wire.
Further, described man-made microstructure is the alabastrine metal micro structure of plane.
Further, the metal micro structure shape in all metamaterial flat is identical, described electromagnetic wave convergence unit
On part, the multiple metal micro structures at same pole radius have identical physical dimension, and along with the increasing of polar radius
The physical dimension of big metal micro structure is gradually reduced.
According to electromagnetic wave converging element of the present invention, incident electromagnetic wave is the most incident from which direction, all can be to electricity
The center of magnetic wave focal element is converged, and so places payload in the cavity of center, such as
Photodiode, can be achieved with highdensity luminous energy and receives.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the profile that the electromagnetic wave converging element of the present invention crosses the centre of sphere；
Fig. 2 is the perspective diagram of the metamaterial unit of a kind of form of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the side view of metamaterial flat；
Fig. 4 is the front view of metamaterial flat.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the electromagnetic wave converging element 100 of the present invention is spherical in shape, and described electromagnetic wave converges
Poly-element 100 is made up of multiple metamaterial flat 10 superpositions being parallel to each other, each metamaterial flat 10
Including the base material 11 of lamellar and multiple man-made microstructure 12 of being arranged on base material 11, described electromagnetic wave
In focal element 100, the refractive index at same pole radius is identical, and refractive index along with polar radius increase by
The least, the center of described electromagnetic wave converging element is provided with cavity 200.Cavity 200 can be figure
1 square, it is possible to being circular, its shape and volume adapt with being placed on payload therein.Such as
Square solar panels, then cavity also can only be square.Cavity 200 is by multi-disc metamaterial flat 10
Borehole is integrally formed.In Fig. 1, in middle two pieces of metamaterial flat 10, borehole forms cavity 200.In order to
The simplification of processing technology, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, the metamaterial flat 10 of the present invention is cylindric,
Multiple columned metamaterial flat 10 fit tightly the spheroid forming an approximation.In order to more attractive in appearance,
Implant 300 (part of cross-hatching in figure) can be added at the spheroid periphery of approximation, so that electromagnetism
Ripple focal element 100 forms the spherical of a standard.The material of implant 300 can be identical with base material, also
It can be dielectric constant other dielectric material close to air.It should be noted that, Fig. 1 is to be schematically drawn
18 layers of metamaterial flat 10, but can there is more metamaterial flat 10 according to different precision, super
Material plates 10 number of plies is the most, then the precision of electromagnetic wave converging element 100 is the highest, i.e. in the side of polar radius
To, the change of refraction continuous (being spaced little) more.Although Fig. 1 sectional view, but in order to distinguish filling
Thing 300 and metamaterial flat 10, metamaterial flat 10 not cross-hatching.
As it is shown in figure 1, multiple metamaterial flat 10 fit tightly, each other can be by two-sided gluing
Connect, or by fixing connections such as bolts.As it is shown on figure 3, it addition, described metamaterial flat 10 is also wrapped
Including the packed layer 15 covering man-made microstructure 12, packed layer 15 can be with air, it is also possible to be other medium
Plate, is preferably the plate-like piece that the material identical with base material 13 is made.As in figure 2 it is shown, each Meta Materials is put down
Plate 10 can be divided into multiple identical metamaterial unit D, and each metamaterial unit D is artificial micro-by one
Structure 12, unit base material V and unit packed layer W are constituted, and each metamaterial flat 10 is at thickness direction
Upper only one of which metamaterial unit D.Each metamaterial unit D can be identical square, permissible
Being cube, it is possible to be cuboid, the length physical dimension of each metamaterial unit D is not more than
/ 5th (usually 1/10th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength) of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength, so that whole
Individual core layer has continuous print electric field and/or magnetic responsiveness to electromagnetic wave.Under preferable case, described Meta Materials
Cells D be the length of side be the cube of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength 1/10th.Certainly, the thickness of packed layer is
Can regulate, its minima can be down to 0, say, that need not packed layer, in such cases, and base material
Forming metamaterial unit with man-made microstructure, the most now the thickness of metamaterial unit D is equal to unit base material V
Thickness plus the thickness of man-made microstructure, but now, the thickness of metamaterial unit D also to meet ten
The requirement of/mono-wavelength, therefore, it practice, the thickness in metamaterial unit D is selected in 1/10th
In the case of wavelength, the thickness of unit base material V is the biggest, then the thickness of unit packed layer W is the least, certainly
In the case of optimum, be i.e. situation as shown in Figure 2, i.e. the thickness of unit base material V is filled equal to unit
The thickness of layer W, and the material of unit unit base material V is identical with packed layer W.
Known refractive index
Wherein μ is relative permeability, and ε is relative dielectric constant, μ Yu ε closes
It is referred to as electromagnetic parameter.In the case of the electromagnetic wave incident of specific wavelength, each metamaterial unit shows spy
Fixed μ and ε, thus can determine that an equivalent refractive index, therefore, in the feelings that pcrmeability is certain
Under condition, by changing dielectric constant, we can obtain the metamaterial unit of arbitrary refractive index.I.e. we can
To design electromagnetic wave converging element index distribution artificially so that described electromagnetic wave converging element same pole half
Refractive index at footpath is identical, and refractive index is gradually reduced along with the increase of polar radius.It is demonstrated experimentally that have
The metal micro structure of same shape, along with the increase of physical dimension, its dielectric constant can increase, at pcrmeability
In the case of constant, equivalent refractive index increases, therefore, and the metal micro structure shape in all metamaterial flat
In the case of shape is identical, by making on described electromagnetic wave converging element the multiple metals at same pole radius micro-
Structure has identical physical dimension, and along with the physical dimension increasing metal micro structure of polar radius gradually subtracts
Little, the electromagnetic wave converging element index distribution of the present invention can be realized.
In above-mentioned, suitable metamaterial unit can be obtained by computer simulation emulation.The most first obtain entirety
Index distribution, then be classified as multiple metamaterial flat from entirety, each flat board be designed, letter
Single feasible.
The man-made microstructure 12 of the present invention is preferably metal micro structure, and described metal micro structure is by one or many
Metal line forms.Metal wire itself has certain width and thickness.The metal micro structure of the present invention is preferred
For having the metal micro structure of isotropic electromagnetic parameter, the alabastrine metal of plane as described in Figure 2 is micro-
Structure.
For having the man-made microstructure of planar structure, isotropism, refer to on this two dimensional surface with
Arbitrary electromagnetic wave that unspecified angle is incident, above-mentioned man-made microstructure electric field response on this plane and magnetic field ring
Should be the most identical, namely dielectric constant is identical with pcrmeability；For there is the man-made microstructure of three dimensional structure, respectively
Refer to for electromagnetic wave incident in three-dimensional either direction, each above-mentioned man-made microstructure to the same sex
Electric field response on three dimensions is the most identical with magnetic responsiveness.When man-made microstructure be 90 degree rotationally symmetrical
During structure, man-made microstructure i.e. has isotropic feature.
For two-dimension plane structure, 90 degree rotationally symmetrical refers to that it is perpendicular to this plane around one on this plane
And overlap with original structure after crossing any 90-degree rotation of rotary shaft of its symmetrical centre；For three dimensional structure, as
Fruit has the most vertical and intersection point (intersection point is center of rotation) altogether 3 rotary shafts so that this structure is around appointing
All overlap with original structure after one rotary shaft 90-degree rotation or symmetrical with a separating surface with original structure, then this knot
Structure is 90 degree of rotational symmetry structures.
The alabastrine metal micro structure of plane shown in Fig. 2 is the one of isotropic man-made microstructure
Form, described alabastrine metal micro structure has the first metal wire 121 and second being mutually perpendicular to divide equally
Metal wire 122, described first metal wire 121 two ends connect two the first metal branch having equal length
1211, described first metal wire 121 two ends are connected on the midpoint of two the first metal branch 1211, institute
State the second metal wire 122 two ends to connect and have two the second metal branch 1221 of equal length, described second
Metal wire 122 two ends are connected on the midpoint of two the second metal branch 1221.
In the present invention, described base material is by ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferrum
Magnetic materials etc. prepare.Macromolecular material is available have politef, epoxy resin, F4B composite,
FR-4 composite etc..Such as, the electrical insulating property of politef is the best, thus without to electromagnetic wave
Electric field produce interference, and there is excellent chemical stability, corrosion resistance, service life is long.
In the present invention, described metal micro structure is the metal wire such as copper cash or silver wire.Above-mentioned metal wire can lead to
Overetch, electroplate, bore quarter, photoetching, electronics carve or ion carve method be attached on base material.Certainly, also
The laser processing technology of three-dimensional can be used.
The present invention can be widely applied in solaode, so that energy is more concentrated, carries high-octane
Utilization ratio.
Above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described, but the invention is not limited in above-mentioned
Detailed description of the invention, above-mentioned detailed description of the invention is only schematic rather than restrictive, this
The those of ordinary skill in field, under the enlightenment of the present invention, is being protected without departing from present inventive concept and claim
Under the ambit protected, it may also be made that a lot of form, within these belong to the protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an electromagnetic wave converging element, it is characterised in that described electromagnetic wave converging element is spherical in shape, institute
State electromagnetic wave converging element to be made up of multiple metamaterial flat superpositions being parallel to each other, each metamaterial flat bag
The base material including lamellar and the man-made microstructure being arranged on base material, described electromagnetic wave converging element same pole half
Refractive index at footpath is identical, and refractive index is gradually reduced along with the increase of polar radius, described electromagnetic wave convergence
The center of element is provided with cavity, places payload in cavity, and described payload is solar panels.
Electromagnetic wave converging element the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Meta Materials is put down
Plate also includes the packed layer covering man-made microstructure.
Electromagnetic wave converging element the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that each Meta Materials is put down
Plate is divided into multiple identical metamaterial unit, and each metamaterial unit is by a man-made microstructure, unit base
Material and unit packed layer are constituted.
Electromagnetic wave converging element the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that each Meta Materials is put down
Plate only one of which metamaterial unit in a thickness direction.
Electromagnetic wave converging element the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that each Meta Materials list
The length physical dimension of unit is not more than 1/5th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength.
Electromagnetic wave converging element the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that each Meta Materials list
Length physical dimension is incident electromagnetic wave wavelength 1/10th of unit.
Electromagnetic wave converging element the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described artificial micro-knot
Structure is the metal micro structure being made up of metal wire.
Electromagnetic wave converging element the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described artificial micro-knot
Structure is copper cash or silver wire.
Electromagnetic wave converging element the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described artificial micro-knot
Structure is the alabastrine metal micro structure of plane.
Electromagnetic wave converging element the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that all Meta Materials are put down
Metal micro structure shape on plate is identical, multiple metals at same pole radius on described electromagnetic wave converging element
Micro structure has an identical physical dimension, and along with polar radius the physical dimension increasing metal micro structure gradually
Reduce.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110302223.XA CN103036059B (en) | 2011-09-29 | A kind of electromagnetic wave converging element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110302223.XA CN103036059B (en) | 2011-09-29 | A kind of electromagnetic wave converging element |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103036059A CN103036059A (en) | 2013-04-10 |
| CN103036059B true CN103036059B (en) | 2016-12-14 |
Family
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Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| Design of dual-polarized high-gain antenna radome by using jerusalem cross metamaterial structure;Hung-Chi Huang,Ken-Huang Lin等;《Antenna and propagation society international symposium》;20091231;第1-4页 * |
| Three-dimensiona metamaterial lens an;Tie Jun Cui,Xiao Yang Zhou;《EuCAP 2011》;20110415;第3301-3303页 * |
| Three-dimensiona metamaterial lens antennas;Tie Jun Cui,Xiao Yang Zhou;《EuCAP 2011》;20110415;第3301-3303页 * |
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