CN104167610B - Zero-scattering linear particle and electromagnetic invisible material formed by the same - Google Patents
Zero-scattering linear particle and electromagnetic invisible material formed by the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN104167610B CN104167610B CN201410344098.2A CN201410344098A CN104167610B CN 104167610 B CN104167610 B CN 104167610B CN 201410344098 A CN201410344098 A CN 201410344098A CN 104167610 B CN104167610 B CN 104167610B
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012946 outsourcing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a zero-scattering linear particle and an electromagnetic invisible material formed by the same. The center of the particle is a metallic structure including metal units that are arranged in a linear mode periodically; the adjacent metal units are connected by connecting columns; the outsides of the metal units and the connecting columns are coated with a cylindrical dielectric medium, thereby forming the zero-scattering linear particle based on the solid cylindrical structure. The linear arrangement direction of the metal units and the height direction of the dielectric medium cylinder are identical with the electric field polarization direction of the incident electromagnetic wave during working. According to the invention the particle with the simple structure can be processed conveniently and can be processed into a material or structure with any shape according to different application demands. According to the instance simulation verification, a scattering width tending to zero can be obtained at the work frequency; and expanding to all frequency bands including a radio frequency band, a terahertz band, and even an optical wave band and the like can be realized directly by structural dimension scaling. Therefore, the provided particle can be widely applied to related application fields of the invisible material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a particle and an invisible material, in particular to a scattered ray-shaped particle and an electromagnetic invisible material formed by the scattered ray-shaped particle.
Background
The propagation, focusing and scattering of electromagnetic waves in a transmission medium are determined by the electromagnetic properties of the transmission medium, which can be described by two electromagnetic parameters, dielectric constant and permeability. In nature, almost all solids and liquids have a dielectric constant and/or magnetic permeability different from that of free space, and therefore when these objects are placed in free space, reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves incident thereon inevitably occur. It is this reflection and refraction that allows an observer standing at various angles in free space to see these objects. Conversely, if a solid or liquid medium exists and has the same dielectric constant and magnetic permeability as the free space, the electromagnetic wave in the free space cannot be reflected or refracted when being incident on the medium with any shape, and an observer at any angle cannot see the actually existing touchable solid or liquid medium, namely the medium can realize self-invisibility.
The research of artificial electromagnetic media which is rapidly developed in recent decades generates various artificial electromagnetic materials with special electromagnetic characteristics and freely controllable equivalent dielectric constant and permeability. The design theory of the special artificial composite material also makes the realization of the ideal medium with self-invisible property possible. The study of the stealth clothing related to this concept has been a great booming effort, which is to control the propagation path of the incident electromagnetic wave in the structure by constructing a structure with spatial dispersion characteristics, so that the electromagnetic wave bypasses a certain region, and realize the stealth of the object in the certain region without changing the total external field. However, this structure cannot be called a medium because its electromagnetic parameters have great spatial dispersion, and the structure is fixed, while its implementation is relatively complex.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems existing in the background art, the invention aims to provide scattered ray-shaped particles and an electromagnetic invisible material formed by the scattered ray-shaped particles, wherein the characteristics of large-amplitude adjustable equivalent relative permittivity and permeability of a subwavelength-sized metal dielectric composite structural unit in certain frequency bands are utilized, the shape and the size of the metal dielectric composite structural unit are properly adjusted, and the equivalent permittivity and the permeability of the metal dielectric composite structural unit are respectively and correspondingly equal to the values of free spaces, so that the scattered ray-shaped particles with the scattered ray width are realized, and an equivalent uniform three-dimensional isotropic artificial electromagnetic material with the self-invisible characteristic is formed by the scattered ray-shaped particles, so that the structure with any shape constructed by the scattered ray-shaped particles can realize self-invisibility, and the scattered ray-shaped particles have wide application prospects in military and civil fields such as radar radomes and electromagnetic windows.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps:
the particle center is of a metal structure, the metal structure comprises metal units which are arranged in a linear periodic manner, adjacent metal units are connected through a connecting column, the metal units and the connecting column are wrapped by a cylindrical dielectric medium to form scattered ray-shaped particles of a solid cylindrical structure, and the arrangement direction of the metal units along the linear arrangement and the height direction of the dielectric medium cylindrical body are the same as the electric field polarization direction of incident electromagnetic waves during working.
The arrangement period of the metal units is less than 1/4 of the working wavelength.
The metal units are provided with connecting columns in three pairs of orthogonal directions.
The connecting column is a cylinder, a prism or an elliptic cylinder.
The metal units are spheres or polyhedrons.
The metal units and the connecting columns are made of gold, silver, copper, aluminum or iron.
The dielectric material is polysulfone, Rogers board, printed circuit board, Teflon or FR 4.
The electromagnetic invisible material is of any structure formed by parallelly arranging scattered ray-shaped particles according to the linear direction of a metal structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the structure is simple, the realization is convenient, the cost is low, the scattered ray-shaped particles can be arranged into a three-dimensional discrete or solid structure with any number of layers and any shape at any period or at random, and the electromagnetic property of self-stealth is realized.
2) The matching effect is good, the loss is small, the transmissivity is high, and the scattering width at the working frequency is as low as 0.4 × 10 through example simulation verification-3The width of the space is multiplied.
3) The refractive index is stable and does not differ from the value of free space by more than 1%.
4) The linear particles can work in various frequency bands such as microwave, radio frequency, terahertz and light wave by scaling the structural size of the linear particles.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the scattering width simulated in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional double-plate electromagnetic stealth material formed by particles in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows the simulated scattering width in example 2 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. scattered ray-shaped particles, 2, a metal structure, 3, a metal unit, 4, a connecting column, 5 and a dielectric medium.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The whole scattered ray-shaped particle is of a cylindrical structure, the center of the particle is a metal structure 2, the metal structure 2 comprises metal units 3 which are linearly and periodically arranged, the number of the metal units 3 is at least two, the adjacent metal units 3 are connected through connecting columns 4, cylindrical dielectric media 5 are wrapped outside the metal units 3 and the connecting columns 4 to form the scattered ray-shaped particle 1 of the solid cylindrical structure, wherein the arrangement direction of the metal units 3 along the linear arrangement and the height direction of the cylindrical dielectric media 5 are the same as the electric field polarization direction of incident electromagnetic waves during working.
The period of arrangement of the metal elements 3 is sub-wavelength, preferably 1/4 which is less than the operating wavelength.
The preferred metal units 3 are provided with connecting columns 4 in three pairs of orthogonal directions perpendicular to each other.
The preferred connecting column 4 is a cylinder, prism or elliptic cylinder.
The preferred metal units 3 are spheres or polyhedrons.
The preferred materials for the metal units 3 and the connecting posts 4 are gold, silver, copper, aluminum or iron.
Preferred materials for dielectric 5 are polysulfone, teflon, rogers board, printed circuit board or FR 4.
The electromagnetic invisible material is of any structure formed by parallel arrangement of scattered ray-shaped particles 1 according to the linear direction of a metal structure 2, and can be of any shape of discrete or solid structure.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
since the axial cross section of the zero-scattering linear particle is of a sub-wavelength size, the electromagnetic parameters thereof can be expressed by equivalent relative permittivity (ω) and relative permeability μ (ω). Respectively, the following formulas:
(ω)＝1(ω)+i2(ω)
μ(ω)＝μ1(ω)+iμ2(ω)
wherein,1(ω) is the real part of the relative permittivity of the equivalent medium,2(ω) is the imaginary part of the relative dielectric constant of the equivalent medium (the size of this part determines the magnitude of the electrical losses of the material,2the larger (ω) represents the larger electric loss of the medium). Mu.s1(ω) is the real part of the relative permeability of the equivalent medium, μ2(ω) is the imaginary part of the relative permeability of the equivalent medium (the size of this part determines the magnitude of the magnetic loss, μ, of the medium2A larger (ω) indicates a larger magnetic loss of the medium). ω is the angular frequency of the incident electromagnetic wave, and i is an imaginary unit.
When the electric field of the incident electromagnetic wave is polarized along the z direction, the continuous connecting column and dielectric medium mixed structure in the linear particles can generate an equivalent plasma frequency in a microwave frequency band, so that the metal plasma frequency originally in the light wave and even infrared wave bands is reduced to a required working frequency band, and the specific working frequency band is determined by the axial section of the connecting column, the size of the dielectric layer and electromagnetic parameters. Meanwhile, the metal particles arranged periodically can generate electric resonance in corresponding frequency bands. The two structural characteristics make the equivalent dielectric constant dispersion of the linear particle conform to a Drude-Lorentz model with two resonances. The first of these resonances is the Drude model, corresponding to a resonance frequency of 0, generated by the continuous connecting column. The second resonance is the Lorentz model, and the corresponding resonance is generated by the periodically arranged positive metal particles. Two resonance frequencies far apart, the real part of the relative permittivity1(omega) will be intermediate between the two resonant frequenciesIs equal to 1 while having a small imaginary part2(ω). Since no magnetic resonance structure exists in the whole structure, according to the theory of mixed media, the equivalent magnetic permeability mu (omega) can be adjusted by changing the particle size of the metal unit.
By properly adjusting the sizes of the metal units and the connecting columns, the corresponding relative dielectric constant and magnetic permeability of the metal units and the connecting columns are equal to 1 at a certain required frequency, so that zero scattering is realized. According to the superposition principle, when the linear particles with the sub-wavelength size are not scattered, any plurality of linear particles are arranged at any position and have the zero-scattering characteristic, so that an electrically large-size equivalent medium or structure with any shape can be constructed based on the zero-scattering linear particles, and the electrically large-size equivalent medium or structure has the perfect self-stealth characteristic.
The examples of the invention are as follows:
example 1
The dimensions and composition media of example 1 of scattered ray-shaped particles are shown in FIG. 1. the scattered ray-shaped particles having a square column structure are each a square having a side length a of 7mm in axial section, the metal structure is copper, and the electrical conductivity is 5.96 × 107S/m, the arrangement period c of the metal elements was 7mm, the side length c of the cubic metal particle was 4mm, the side length d of the axial cross section of the fine square column-shaped connection posts protruding on the six faces of the cubic metal particle was 0.6mm, and the length was 1.5 mm.A dielectric selected in this example was Polysulfone (polysufone), the relative dielectric constant was 2.97, the loss tangent was 0.0013, and the relative magnetic permeability was 1. the corresponding scattered radiation operating frequency was 10 GHz. simulation results are shown in FIG. 2. at the operating frequency, when an electromagnetic wave is perpendicularly incident, the scattering width of the scattered radiation-shaped particles was only 0.4 × 10 of the spatial dimension thereof-3And (4) doubling. Meanwhile, the refractive index of the equivalent medium obtained by the inversion algorithm is 1.001, which is almost completely consistent with the free space.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional double-layer flat plate-type invisible material composed of the zero-scattering linear particles, and the invisible material can work on TE waves with any polarization due to three-dimensional symmetry.
The working frequency of the embodiment is 10GHz, and if the embodiment is required to work at other frequencies, the size of the metal unit is only required to be adjusted according to the working wavelength proportion.
Example 2
The dimensions and composition media of the scattered ray-shaped particles of example 2 are shown in FIG. 4. the scattered ray-shaped particles having a square column structure are such that the axial cross section is a square with a side length a of 7mm, the metal structure is copper, and the electrical conductivity is 5.96 × 107S/m, the arrangement period c of the spherical metal units is 7mm, the radius is 2.5mm, the diameter b is 5mm, the axial section of the cylindrical connecting column protruding in the three orthogonal directions of the spherical metal particles is a circle with the radius of 0.148mm, the diameter d is 0.296mm, and the length is 1mm, the dielectric medium selected in the example is still Polysulfone (polysufone), the corresponding zero-scattering operating frequency is still 10GHz, simulation results are shown in FIG. 5, and at the operating frequency, when electromagnetic waves are vertically incident, the scattering width of the zero-scattering ray-shaped particles is only 0.45 × 10 of the spatial dimension of the particles-3And (4) doubling.
The working frequency of the present example is still 10GHz, and if the working frequency is to be other frequencies, the size of the metal unit only needs to be adjusted according to the working wavelength ratio.
In specific implementation, the metal unit 3 and the connecting column 4 of the metal structure of the present invention are made of other metal materials such as gold, silver, aluminum or iron, and each conductive property of the metal unit and the connecting column is almost not different in a microwave frequency band, and the final effect is almost not affected, so that gold, silver, aluminum or iron can be used as a material of the metal structure for replacement. Moreover, the cylindrical column, the prism column or the elliptic column adopted in the connecting column 4 has the same response to electromagnetic waves under the size of sub-wavelength, and has almost no influence on the final effect, so that the connecting column can be randomly replaced in specific implementation.
It should be noted that the embodiment described herein is only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and after reading the present invention, various modifications of equivalent forms to the present invention made by persons skilled in the relevant art will fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A scattered ray-shaped particle, characterized in that: the particle center is metal structure (2), metal structure (2) are including being the metal element (3) of linear periodic arrangement, connect through spliced pole (4) between the adjacent metal element (3), metal element (3) and spliced pole (4) outsourcing have dielectric (5) of cylinder, constitute scattered ray shape particle (1) of solid cylinder structure, wherein the direction of arrangement of metal element (3) along the inline, the direction of height of dielectric (5) cylinder is the same with the electric field polarization direction of incident electromagnetic wave during operation.
2. A scattered ray-shaped particle according to claim 1, wherein: the arrangement period of the metal units (3) is less than 1/4 of the working wavelength.
3. A scattered ray-shaped particle according to claim 1, wherein: the metal units (3) are provided with connecting columns (4) in three pairs of orthogonal directions.
4. A scattered ray-shaped particle according to claim 3, wherein: the connecting column (4) is a cylinder, a prism or an elliptic cylinder.
5. A scattered ray-shaped particle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the metal unit (3) is a sphere or a polyhedron.
6. A scattered ray-shaped particle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the metal unit (3) and the connecting column (4) are made of gold, silver, copper, aluminum or iron.
7. A scattered ray-shaped particle according to claim 1, wherein: the dielectric medium (5) is made of a printed circuit board.
8. An electromagnetic stealth material comprising particles according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the electromagnetic invisible material is of any structure formed by parallel arrangement of scattered ray-shaped particles (1) according to the linear direction of a metal structure (2).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109728442A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-05-07 | 浙江大学 | A kind of solid-state ELECTROMAGNETIC VACUUM material based on electric resonance unit |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106972278B (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2020-08-14 | 浙江大学 | All-dielectric zero-scattering particles and electromagnetic invisible material formed by same |
| CN107623188B (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2020-04-28 | 浙江大学 | Three-dimensional omnidirectional self-stealth material |
| CN109301494A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-02-01 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of bilayer ball-type ultra wide band THz wave absorber |
| CN111864401B (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2021-04-06 | 浙江大学 | Adjustable solid electromagnetic vacuum material based on electromagnetic resonance structure |
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| WO2008120556A1 (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-09 | Yamaguchi University | Three-dimensional left-handed metamaterial |
| CN103296461A (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2013-09-11 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Method for preparing three-dimensional metamaterial sheet layer and metamaterial |
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| US7760053B2 (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2010-07-20 | Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. | Negative refractive index and opto-magnetic materials and method of fabricating same |
| CN101866088B (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2013-05-08 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Manufacture method of two-dimensional left-handed material based on plan periodic structure |
| JP5771818B2 (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2015-09-02 | 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所 | Unit resonator for metamaterial, resonator array, and method for manufacturing metamaterial |
| CN102393865B (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-07-10 | 西安交通大学 | Integrated design of device with three-dimensional all-medium non-resonant metamaterial structure and manufacturing process |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008120556A1 (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-09 | Yamaguchi University | Three-dimensional left-handed metamaterial |
| CN103296461A (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2013-09-11 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Method for preparing three-dimensional metamaterial sheet layer and metamaterial |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109728442A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-05-07 | 浙江大学 | A kind of solid-state ELECTROMAGNETIC VACUUM material based on electric resonance unit |
| CN109728442B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-10-16 | 浙江大学 | Solid electromagnetic vacuum material based on electric resonance unit |
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