CN103033598A - Method for online measurement of air flux of air-water interface of river - Google Patents
Method for online measurement of air flux of air-water interface of river Download PDFInfo
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- CN103033598A CN103033598A CN2012105323039A CN201210532303A CN103033598A CN 103033598 A CN103033598 A CN 103033598A CN 2012105323039 A CN2012105323039 A CN 2012105323039A CN 201210532303 A CN201210532303 A CN 201210532303A CN 103033598 A CN103033598 A CN 103033598A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for online measurement of air flux of an air-water interface of a river, relating to the field of environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources. The method aims at improving the measurement speed and precision and expanding the applicable scope of the flux-chamber-based measurement method, and the method is characterized in that a plurality of flux chambers are distributed along the direction of the stream by virtue of hang ropes and hooks according to the Gaussian integration nodes, the flux chambers are connected with a gas analyzer by a ventilation hose and an electromagnetic flux valve one by one, and the ratio of ventilatory capacity of each flux chamber is distributed by the electromagnetic flux valves according to the ratio of the weights of the local integral points, and as a result, the air flux of the air-water interface of the river can be quickly and accurately measured in an on line manner.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources field, relate in particular to a kind of river course water air interface gas flux On-line Measuring Method.
Background technology
For verifying under the global warming condition, the waters percent of greenhouse gases absorbs and enters the variation of effect and on the impact of environment, need to analyze and study the gas flux research of water air interface.At present waters greenhouse Gas Emission research major part is based on through flow surface and is diffused into flux in the atmosphere, for a long time, people are according to surface system greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) gas transport mechanism has developed various greenhouse gases flux monitoring methods in the essential characteristic of flux and the surface layer, main large class comprises model assessment method (stechiometry), the flux box method, the microclimate method, remote-sensing inversion method etc., wherein flux box method price is moderate, can fast transportation and layout, test is simple, accurately, can connect real-time measurement system, be the common method of standing water gas flux monitoring.
In the river course, flow turbulence is violent, the aqueous vapor flux is subjected to wind speed, navigates, artificial interference etc. affects larger, and on spatial and temporal distributions and inhomogeneous, existing survey data shows, at synchronization, adjacent 2 gas flux instantaneous value can differ more than 10 times, in turbulent environment, flux box can about, about float, changed the turbulence of gas-water table, the precision in the time of also can affecting single casing and measure.There are now two kinds of technical schemes can improve this phenomenon, the one, the floorage of increase flux box makes it cover as far as possible the coverage of water sports; Another program is to measure when making flux box freely with the water sport of lake and river surface.If but increase the flux box floorage, then carry inconvenience, be not suitable for long-term field monitoring, can increase the flux box volume simultaneously, cause sample time long, efficient is monitored in impact, moreover also can increase the friction of flux tank wall and water surface, too much people is turbulent flow for a change, and the diffusion flux that records can depart from reality.Flux box is measured during freely with the water sport of lake and river surface and then is difficult for realizing, the one, in the situation of real-time online measuring, instrument is heavy, be difficult for drifting about together with flux box, in addition on the more river course of artificial interference, the drift scheme can't evade navigate, cargo ship etc., easily survey crew and surveying instrument are damaged, therefore need to take new method and apparatus, the problem of river training medium power Water Under aerosphere face flux measurement precision.
The information that is disclosed in this background of invention technology part only is intended to deepen the understanding to general background technology of the present invention, and should not be regarded as admitting or hint that in any form this information structure has been prior art known in those skilled in the art.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes the shortcoming of prior art, and a kind of river course water air interface gas flux On-line Measuring Method is provided, and improves measuring accuracy, improves the scope of application of flux box measuring method.
According to the present invention, a kind of river course water air interface gas flux On-line Measuring Method is provided, the method comprises the steps:
1) a plurality of flux boxes is respectively fixed to diverse location on the carry rope;
2) gas outlet of each flux box is connected respectively to branch's input gas circuit of gas analyzer, the air intake opening of each flux box is connected respectively to branch's output gas circuit of gas analyzer, send into gas analyzer after thereby the gas of each flux box output can being mixed, and the gas of gas analyzer output can be assigned in each flux box;
3) place water to measure flux box.
Preferably, described a plurality of flux box mode according to single-row tandem on the carry rope distributes.
Preferably, determine to measure in the following manner the value L of control area:
1) measure waters water volume flow rate V(to be measured in m/s), according to gas analyzer sample frequency f, calculate the defeated distance L 1 of moving of current in the single sampling point sampling interval according to following formula:
L1=2×V/f （1）；
2) determine that the medium and small wave height in waters under the dynamic condition surpasses the Wavelength distribution of the dominant wave of 5cm, determine the advantage wavelength X, the value of λ and L1 relatively selects wherein higher value as the value L that measures the control area.
Preferably, the number N of applied flux box meets the following conditions:
2≤N<int（L/D+1）（2），
Wherein L is for measuring the value of control area, and D is the flux box diameter, and int () is bracket function, and effect is that the result of calculation in the bracket is rounded.
Preferably, determine in the following manner the number N of applied flux box:
Calculate int(L/(5 * D)+1), if the result is not more than 5, N=int(L/(5 * D)+1 then), if the result greater than 5, N=5 then.
Preferably, the method is regulated the fixed position of each flux box on the carry rope before being included in and measuring, and the flux box spacing is distributed along measurement control area L satisfy the requirement of Gauss integration point.
Preferably, the method is adjusted the gas flux that passes through in each flux box before being included in and measuring, and makes the ratio of the gas flux that passes through in each flux box satisfy the ratio of the weight of stipulating in the Gauss integration formula.
Preferably, carry rope one end is fixed on the monitoring ship.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: arrange that along water (flow) direction multiple spot carries out real time on-line monitoring, can effectively reduce the impact that water body flow and fluctuation cause the single-point sampled result, guarantee measuring accuracy, but each installs modularization assembling simultaneously, can increase and decrease according to actual needs flux box quantity, be convenient for carrying, implement when being easy in the open air real time on-line monitoring.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the module of apparatus of the present invention connects block diagram;
Fig. 2 is the flux box connection diagram;
Fig. 3 is flux box carry rope structure schematic diagram.
Description of reference numerals
1: flux box 2: flux box carry rope
3: flux box import solenoid valve 4-flux box outlet solenoid valve
5: gas analyzer outlet diverting device 6: gas analyzer import gas mixing device
7: steam hose 8: gas analyzer
9: flux box hook ring 10: intermediate plate
11: knot that can be undone by a pull hook 12: screw.
Embodiment
Water air interface gas flux on-line measurement device in river course according to the present invention weakens a single point water air interface flux transient change to the impact of measuring accuracy by arranging simultaneously a plurality of flux boxes along water (flow) direction.Can sample simultaneously for making a plurality of flux boxes, and link to each other with analytical instrument, this device also comprises flux box carry rope, flux box import solenoid valve, flux box outlet solenoid valve, analyser import gas mixing device, analyser outlet diverting device and analyser, flux box export the steam hose that is preferably identical caliber between diverting device with variable valve, variable valve with analyser import gas mixing device and analyser and are connected.The air intake opening of analyser and gas outlet are communicated with the output gas circuit of analyser import gas mixing device and the input gas circuit of analyser outlet diverting device respectively.Variable valve can adopt the valve for the adjustments of gas flux known in the art, for example solenoid valve.
Flux box is fixed on the flux box carry rope, preferably, thereby can adopt dismountable fixed form and/or movably fixed form flux box is fixed on can increases and decreases according to actual needs flux box quantity on the carry rope and/or regulate the fixed position of flux box on the carry rope, and then change the layout of flux box on the carry rope.The fixed form that adopts can be manner known in the art such as clamping, hook, bondage.
The carry rope that connects flux box can be one or more.The arrangement of flux box on the carry rope can be single-row or multiple row.According to the demand of hydrological environment, flux box can adopt tandem, mode arranged side by side or that string mixes side by side to arrange on the carry rope.
The mode that connects with rope of the present invention also can be to be connected with the mode of flexible material combination with rigid material or rigid material, to guarantee to satisfy the spacing requirement that flux box does not change along with current in measuring process.
In the middle of actual measurement, those skilled in the art can according to hydrological environment or other demands, determine quantity and the layout of employed flux box.
When selecting single-row tandem flux box layout, can adopt following step to carry out river course water air interface gas flux on-line measurement:
1) is the satellite variation of some flux of capture space, need to consider the defeated impact that moves effect of current, therefore at first measure waters water volume flow rate V(to be measured in m/s), again according to gas analyzer sample frequency f, calculate L1=V/f, wherein L1 is the defeated distance of moving of current in the single sampling point sampling interval.
2) in the river course, owing to navigating, the impact of the many factors such as wind, wave, water level fluctuation is more violent, the entrainmenting of corresponding because water surface ripple, the spatial variations of roll on the surperficial gas flux of aqueous vapor can cause larger impact, therefore, the acquisition range of various point should be flooded the underwater degree of depth above the 5cm(flux box greater than wave height on the water surface).Therefore should estimate before measuring that the medium and small wave height in waters is above the Wavelength distribution of the dominant wave of 5cm under the dynamic condition, determine the advantage wavelength X, the value of λ and L1 is relatively selected wherein higher value as the value L that measures the control area, and be should be the due minimum effective length of carry rope.
3) come for flux box can be distributed at the carry rope, the number N of flux box should satisfy 2≤N＜L/D+1, and wherein D is the flux box diameter.Also be feasible during N=1, just only have a flux box this moment, consistent with the situation of traditional measurement method.Preferably, can adopt the result of formula N=L/(5 * D)+1 to round the number of determining needed flux box, if N〉5, then get N=5.
4) adjust the fixed position of flux box on rope, flux box is distributed along L satisfy the requirement of Gauss integration point, namely flux box distributes along L and should satisfy the following table requirement:
5) each branch that each flux box is connected to online analytical instrument measures among the gas circuit, thereby sends into gas analyzer after the gas of each flux box output can being mixed, and the gas of gas analyzer output can be assigned in each flux box.Open instrument, adjust the gas flux that passes through in each flux box, make the ratio of the weight of stipulating in the satisfied upper table of ratio of the gas flux that passes through in each flux box.
6) place water to measure flux box, carry rope one end can be fixed on the monitoring ship, allow carry rope and flux box under flow action, naturally extend.
Below with reference to Fig. 1-3, the preferred embodiment according to water air interface gas flux on-line measurement device in river course of the present invention is described, wherein flux box is arranged as single-row tandem moor.
As shown in Figure 1, river course water air interface gas flux on-line measurement device comprises a plurality of flux boxes 1, flux box carry rope 2, flux box import solenoid valve 3, flux box outlet solenoid valve 4, analyser import gas mixing device 6, analyser outlet diverting device 5, flux box 1 is connected with analyser import gas mixing device 6 and 5 steam hoses 7 with identical caliber of analyser outlet diverting device with solenoid valve 2,3, solenoid valve 2,3, and analyser import gas mixing device 6 and analyser outlet diverting device 5 are communicated with air intake opening and the gas outlet of gas analyzer 8 respectively.
As shown in Figure 3, flux box carry rope 2 is provided with the knot that can be undone by a pull hook 11 with intermediate plate 10, hook 11 can be fixed on the carry rope 2 by intermediate plate 10 and screw 12, and can regulate by regulating intermediate plate 10 and screw 12 fixed position of hook, and knot that can be undone by a pull hook 11 can be connected by knot that can be undone by a pull with flux box.
Analyser outlet diverting device 5, flux box import solenoid valve 3, flux box outlet solenoid valve 4, analyser import gas mixing device 6 be with analyser 8, all in monitoring ship, and places near the analyser 8.
Below in conjunction with above-mentioned river course water air interface gas flux on-line measurement device, the preferred embodiment according to river course of the present invention water air interface gas flux On-line Measuring Method is described.Not enough and carry the basic demand of inconvenience for the prior art measuring accuracy, use this device in a river course, to measure, embodiment is as follows:
1) measure water volume flow rate and obtain flow velocity V=1m/s, gases used analyser sample frequency f=1Hz calculates L1=2 * V/f=2m;
2) through observing, the waters water surface is comparatively tranquil during measuring, and the water surface mostly is breaker, and wavelength is less, and the advantage wavelength X is about 0.5m, compares the value of λ and L1, determines to measure the value L=2m of control area, and corresponding rope length should have 2m on the water surface;
3) used flux box 1 diameter D=30cm rounds (L/(5 * D))+1=int (200/150)+1=3 for adopting formula N=;
4) adjustment hook 11 position on rope 2 makes flux box 1 spacing distribute along L and satisfies the requirement of Gauss integration point, that is: the distances of three flux boxes hook 3 distance rope far-ends respectively are: No. 1 case 0.2254m, No. 2 case 1m, No. 3 case 1.7746m;
5) export solenoid valve 4, analyser import gas mixing device 6 and analyser 8 air intake openings by steam hose 7 linking parsing instrument outlet diverting device 5, flux box import solenoid valve 3, flux box 1 import, flux box 1 outlet, flux box successively from in-line analyzer 8 device gas outlets, each flux box 1 is linked to each other with analyser 8;
6) each flux box 1 is suspended to respectively corresponding hook 11, startup analysis instrument 8, and adjust solenoid valve 3,4, make each case import and export solenoid valve flux 3,4 and equate, and the ratio of each case gas flux is: No. 1: No. 2: No. 3=0.55556:0.88889:0.55556;
7) each flux box 1 is put into water successively, it is distributed along current, after steadily, get final product survey measurements.
The result shows, the measurement result of this measurement mechanism and method fast, stable, accurately, and convenient transportation and arranging, test is simple, can connect real-time measurement system, can effectively improve measuring accuracy, improves the scope of application of flux box measuring method.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention also can be used for Quick Measurement and other embodiments of hydrostatic section.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a river course water air interface gas flux On-line Measuring Method is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
1) a plurality of flux boxes is respectively fixed to diverse location on the carry rope;
2) gas outlet of each flux box is connected respectively to branch's input gas circuit of gas analyzer, the air intake opening of each flux box is connected respectively to branch's output gas circuit of gas analyzer, send into gas analyzer after thereby the gas of each flux box output can being mixed, and the gas of gas analyzer output can be assigned in each flux box;
3) place water to measure flux box.
2. river course according to claim 1 water air interface gas flux On-line Measuring Method is characterized in that, described a plurality of flux boxes mode according to single-row tandem on the carry rope distributes.
3. river course according to claim 2 water air interface gas flux On-line Measuring Method is characterized in that, determines to measure in the following manner the value L of control area:
1) measure waters water volume flow rate V to be measured, wherein this flow velocity V according to gas analyzer sample frequency f, calculates in single sampling point sampling interval current defeated move distance L 1 according to following formula in m/s:
L1=2×V/f （1）；
2) determine that the medium and small wave height in waters under the dynamic condition surpasses the Wavelength distribution of the dominant wave of 5cm, determine the advantage wavelength X, the value of λ and L1 relatively selects wherein higher value as the value L that measures the control area.
4. river course according to claim 2 water air interface gas flux On-line Measuring Method is characterized in that, the number N of applied flux box meets the following conditions:
2≤N<int（L/D+1）（2），
Wherein L is for measuring the value of control area, and D is the flux box diameter, and int () is bracket function, and effect is that the result of calculation in the bracket is rounded.
5. river course according to claim 4 water air interface gas flux On-line Measuring Method is characterized in that, determines in the following manner the number N of applied flux box:
Calculate int(L/(5 * D)+1), if the result is not more than 5, N=int(L/(5 * D)+1 then), if the result greater than 5, N=5 then.
6. river course according to claim 2 water air interface gas flux On-line Measuring Method, it is characterized in that, the method is regulated the fixed position of each flux box on the carry rope before being included in and measuring, and the flux box spacing is distributed along measurement control area L satisfy the requirement of Gauss integration point.
7. river course according to claim 6 water air interface gas flux On-line Measuring Method, it is characterized in that, the method is adjusted the gas flux that passes through in each flux box before being included in and measuring, and makes the ratio of the gas flux that passes through in each flux box satisfy the ratio of the weight of stipulating in the Gauss integration formula.
8. each described river course water air interface gas flux On-line Measuring Method in 7 according to claim 1 is characterized in that, carry rope one end is fixed on the monitoring ship.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106770944A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | The molten rate assay method of water body gas and the molten rate measurement system of gas |
| CN116380720A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-07-04 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Online gas flux detection system and method for gas-liquid interface |
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| US20090139307A1 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2009-06-04 | Li-Cor, Inc. | Vent and soil flux measurement system |
| CN202101879U (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2012-01-04 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Water surface greenhouse gas emission measurement floating box |
| CN102331484A (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2012-01-25 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for measuring discharged quantities of greenhouse gases of flowing water body |
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Patent Citations (4)
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| US20090139307A1 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2009-06-04 | Li-Cor, Inc. | Vent and soil flux measurement system |
| CN101290324A (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2008-10-22 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Full-automatic multiple-flux chamber system |
| CN202101879U (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2012-01-04 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Water surface greenhouse gas emission measurement floating box |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106770944A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | The molten rate assay method of water body gas and the molten rate measurement system of gas |
| CN106770944B (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2019-02-26 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | The molten rate measuring method of water body gas |
| CN116380720A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-07-04 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Online gas flux detection system and method for gas-liquid interface |
| WO2024183405A1 (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2024-09-12 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Online measurement system and method for gas flux of gas-liquid interface |
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