CN101290324A - Full-automatic multiple-flux chamber system - Google Patents
Full-automatic multiple-flux chamber system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101290324A CN101290324A CNA2007100983154A CN200710098315A CN101290324A CN 101290324 A CN101290324 A CN 101290324A CN A2007100983154 A CNA2007100983154 A CN A2007100983154A CN 200710098315 A CN200710098315 A CN 200710098315A CN 101290324 A CN101290324 A CN 101290324A
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-channel automated chamber system, comprising an air compressor, an infrared CO2 analyser, a buffer, a drier, a filter, a flowmeter, an air pump, a data acquisition unit and a plurality of chambers, wherein, an air cylinder is arranged between the side wall and an upper cover of each chamber, the air compressor is connected with a multi-ported valve which has a plurality of branches, each branch is provided with an electromagnetic valve, each gas branch is connected with the air cylinder inside each chamber; each chamber is connected with one multi-ported valve by a gas branch provided with an electromagnetic valve and the gas branch is connected in sequence with the buffer, the drier, the filter, the flowmeter, the infrared CO2 analyzer and the air pump and then is connected with another multi-ported valve; each branch of the multi-ported valve is connected with each chamber, each branch is provided with an electromagnetic valve to form a circulating gas path; the infrared CO2 analyzer is connected with the data acquisition unit by a circuit; the electromagnetic valve which is connected with the air cylinder and controls the extension of the air cylinder and the electromagnetic valve which is arranged on the chamber and is used for controlling the circulating gas path are connected with a logic controller by the circuit. The system has the advantages that the reaction speed is high, the efficiency is high, the all-weather continuous and circular detection of a plurality of places is realized, and the influence on the target to be detected is small.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to terrestrial ecosystems monitoring field, a kind of specifically CO that monitors between terrestrial ecosystems and atmosphere
2The full-automatic multiple-flux chamber system of exchange flux.
Background technology
CO between terrestrial ecosystems and atmosphere
2Exchange is the most important components of global carbon, is to judge that terrestrial ecosystems are important indicators of " carbon source " or " carbon remittance ".Scientifically measure its CO
2The exchange flux is one of core work of terrestrial ecosystems carbon cycle research always.Improving the efficient of observation and reduce the interference of observation to nature, is accurately CO between the terrestrial ecosystems on estimation area and the global yardstick and atmosphere of science
2The key of exchange capacity.Be preferably at present and adopt the infrared CO of dynamic flux case
2The analyser method is monitored, and adopts a plurality of flux casees to carry out multi-point continuous monitoring, is the developing direction of monitoring technology.Automatically the automatic open system of flux case generally adopts direct motor drive or cylinder to drive, present most of flux case is merely able to carry out continuous relatively observation (Fang and Moncrieff 1998) at the three unities, perhaps carry out continuous relatively observation (Law etal 2001 with some primary flux casees in limited several places, Drewitt, 2002).There is spatial variability (Rochette et al.1991 in soil respiration, McGinn et al.1998, Kelliher et al.1999, Rayment and Jarvis 2000), and little flux case edge effect is obvious, is easy to cause bigger error (Norman et al.1997).So full-automatic, large scale, multiple-flux chamber system are for CO
2Mensuration become highly significant.Jill Bubier utilizes the closed cycle recording geometry of being made up of 10 large scale flux casees to the CO under the winter snow cover situation
2Release characteristic is studied, realized continuous relatively semi-automatic monitoring, but the mensuration of each flux case needs 18 minutes, can carry out the second time to same point after 3 hours measures, continuity is affected, simultaneously, its flux case automatic control technology has much room for improvement, and does not realize round-the-clock Automatic Cycle monitoring.Liang Naishen develops the open gas path circulatory system that a cover is made up of 16 large scale flux casees, and uses this system to forest land CO
2Research has been done in release, has proved the reliability of this system.Yet this system's required balance time is longer, each case needs 20 minutes, this may hinder entering of the rainwater and the thing that withers and falls, simultaneously, because the long flux case of closure time internal environment has bigger change, temperature rising effect particularly, this is unfavorable for the local fully mensuration (Naishen Liang, 2003) of illumination such as woods window of farmland ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, forestry ecosystem inside.In addition, the switching of flux case is controlled with data acquisition unit, and control ability is not enough, needs 6 casees to close together and could circulate at every turn, and great limitation is arranged when the reflection spatial variability.Existed system subject matter and deficiency are at present, and automatic control technology falls behind, can not be round-the-clock in the quick continuous monitoring in a plurality of places, and bigger to the disturbance of object being observed, and then the accuracy of influence measurement.
Summary of the invention
A kind of reaction velocity is fast in order to provide for purpose of the present invention, high-frequency, can carry out round-the-clock continuous circulatory monitoring, the full-automatic multiple-flux chamber system little to the monitored target disturbance in a plurality of places.
The technical scheme that realizes the foregoing invention purpose is as follows:
Full-automatic multiple-flux chamber system comprises air compressor, infrared CO
2Analyser, impact damper, exsiccator, filtrator, flowmeter, air pump, data acquisition unit and a plurality of flux case, between described flux case sidewall and loam cake one cylinder is housed, air compressor connects a multiport valve, this multiport valve is told some branch roads, branch road is provided with a solenoid valve, and the cylinder in each branch road and the flux case is connected; Each flux case connects a multiport valve by the gas path pipe that is provided with a solenoid valve, and the house steward of multiport valve connects impact damper, exsiccator, filtrator, flowmeter, infrared CO successively
2Be connected with the house steward of another multiport valve behind analyser, the air pump, each branch road that this multiport valve is told connects a flux case, and each branch road is provided with a solenoid valve, forms the circulation gas circuit, infrared CO
2Analyser is connected with a data acquisition unit by circuit, links to each other with cylinder in the described system, is used for the flexible solenoid valve of control cylinder, and the solenoid valve that is used for the Control Circulation gas circuit on the flux case all is connected with a logic controller by circuit.In the described flux case fan is installed also, this fan is connected with above-mentioned logic controller by circuit.
The number of described flux case can determine that generally more than 6,30 just can reach requirement once according to actual conditions, and effect adopts 18-20 to get final product preferably.
Described flux box cover is provided with a tracheae, is communicated with inside and outside the flux case.
Cover on the described flux case and be fixed with " U " shape reinforcement, reinforcement can adopt metal or high-strength material to make.
The present invention has pressure compensation mechanism, the pipeline balance of flux box top and external communications the case inner and outer air pressure, make CO
2Discharge with normal mode, effectively avoided the influence of flux case internal pressure change measurement result.By measuring proof system is stable, and data are reliable.Have following advantage: (1) is to the environment change minimum.The flux case all is in open state when remove measuring in a circulation, the exchange that this has promoted the inside and outside energy of case preferably makes flux case internal and external temperature, particularly with the best surface temperature of soil respiration correlativity inside and outside difference not remarkable.Simultaneously, because the case lid most of the time is in open mode, rain, the thing of avenging, wither and fall can the inward flux case, is the appropriate face of land CO of description
2Release provides assurance.When measuring NEE, because flux case lid and wall all adopt the acrylic board of 98% transmittance, effectively guaranteed entering of light, make the result more approaching true.If in forest ecosystem inside or the NEE better effects if of orchard intraassay surface vegetation (grass, low brush land, liver moss).(2) the sampling area is big, and it is quick effectively to have reduced " edge effect " (3).As long as the mensuration that just can finish a sampling point in 3 minutes.Went out soon 15 to 17 minutes than homogeneous system.So effectively suppressed the intensification effect after the flux case closure, the internal and external environment difference is dwindled as far as possible.And what is more important makes minute density bigger, and sampling point to become a reality.(4) many casees.Native system contains a plurality of flux casees, and is more than containing flux case number in the document record of publishing in the world at present.The benefit of many casees is, one, and when measuring NEE, the error that more repetition can effectively avoid fortuitous phenomena to cause.Such as, the influence of floating clouds.Its two, the reflection face of land CO
2Discharge or the spatial variability of soil respiration and make representativeness stronger; Its three, can allow the more repetition of varying level, make things convenient for comparative studies.(6) automatic.System can move without manpower fully automatically.Automatic data collection, record.(7) maintaining is simple.(8) continuous.This system can supply next direct-connected reforwarding row in normal electricity.This makes the dynamic mensuration that changes continuously of ecosystem carbon become reality.Realized round-the-clock monitoring, and density is more concentrated.(9) economy.18 shared CO of flux case
2Analyser is very economical for commercial apparatus.(10) in-situ monitoring is little to the object of observation disturbance during sampled measurements.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structured flowchart of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of control device among the present invention
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of sampling and analyzing device among the present invention
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of flux case among the present invention
CO between the wheatland ecosystem that Fig. 5 monitors for the embodiment of the invention and atmosphere
2The exchange flux pattern
Wheatland soil respiration and orchard soil spirogram that Fig. 6 monitors for the embodiment of the invention
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, full-automatic multiple-flux chamber system, adopt 18 flux casees, comprise control device and sampling and analyzing device, control device comprises air compressor and flux case, one cylinder 2 is housed between described flux case sidewall and loam cake, air compressor connects a multiport valve, this multiport valve is told 18 branch roads, branch road is provided with a solenoid valve, and the cylinder in each branch road and the flux case is connected, and described solenoid valve is connected with a logic controller by circuit, one fan 3 also is installed in the described flux case, and this fan is connected with logic controller by circuit; Sampling and analyzing device comprises infrared CO
2Analyser, impact damper, exsiccator, filtrator, flowmeter, air pump, data acquisition unit and flux case, described data acquisition unit is by circuit and infrared CO
2Analyser connects, infrared CO
2The air intake opening of analyser is connected with flowmeter, filtrator, exsiccator, impact damper successively by gas path pipe, impact damper is connected with the house steward of a multiport valve, and multiport valve is told some branch roads, and each branch road is connected with a flux case after being provided with a solenoid valve, form and flow into gas circuit, infrared CO
2The gas outlet of analyser connects an air pump by gas path pipe, air pump connects the house steward of a multiport valve, and this multiport valve is told some branch roads, and each branch road is connected with a flux case after being provided with a solenoid valve, form and flow out gas circuit, the solenoid valve on the gas circuit is connected with a logic controller.Flow into a side that gas circuit is positioned at the flux casing on the top, offside by the next effluent gases road that is changed to.
The flux case is the square that length is 50cm, and framework is to be made by aluminium alloy.The casing wall adopts transparent acrylic board (transmittance 98%), and is bonded together by dual face seals adhesive tape and aluminum alloy frame and is screwed.Case lid adopts thicker acrylic board (transmittance 98%), and links with ready-made hinge between casing.In order to prevent the distortion of expanding with heat and contract with cold of case lid, the outside surface of case lid is fixed with high strength U type aluminium alloy plate.Stud with the high-density sealed bar between casing and case lid to improve impermeability.
When a circulation beginning, logic controller is controlled the solenoid valve of a flux case and is opened, and air compressor is given the cylinder air feed, the cylinder retraction, and the flux case lid is closed under the effect of cylinder arm pulling force.Simultaneously, the fan that is fixed on the cylinder is started working, and stirs air, meanwhile, under same logic controller control, the solenoid valve of the inflow gas circuit of this flux case and outflow gas circuit is opened the closed electromagnetic valve of other flux case correspondences, under the air pump effect, effluent air all will flow through the solenoid valve of its gas circuit of control via pipeline earlier from this flux case, the multiport valve of the control inflow gas of then flowing through, afterwards, through impact damper, exsiccator, filtrator, flowmeter, enter CO
2Analyser, subsequently via multiport valve, the solenoid valve of the control backflow gas circuit of flowing through flows back to the flux case, constitutes closed cycle.In the time of the 180th second, under the control of logic controller, solenoid valve work, cylinder trails, and the flux case lid is opened under the cylinder arm thrust, and fan quits work synchronously, flows into the closed electromagnetic valve of gas circuit and outflow gas circuit.When a last flux case lid was opened, next flux case was closed, and fan inside is started working, and corresponding with it control flows into the solenoid valve that flows out and opens, and begins identical closed cycle process, lasts 180 seconds equally.By that analogy, closure is opened one by one, measures in the dot cycle of a plurality of ground.After all casees are all measured, after system stops 6 minutes, begin to carry out the next round circulation from first flux case again and measure, what same like this flux case was measured is spaced apart 1 hour, comparatively suitable.
In conjunction with Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, be illustrated using full-automatic multiple-flux chamber system of the present invention to observe, study wheat paddock and orchard in the Chinese Academy of Sciences Changwu Agro-ecology testing station April 21 to April 22.April 21, the CO between the wheat paddock ecosystem and atmosphere
2The clean revenue and expenditure of the ecosystem (NEE, Net Ecosystem Exchange) is release at 0:00 to general performance between 6:00 shown in Fig. 6 (a), change gently relatively from 0:00 to 4:00,5:00 decreases, and 6:00 slightly raises, about 7:00, the ecosystem is by discharging CO
2Be converted into and absorb fixation of C O
2In the 9:00 time period, the wheat ecology system absorbs fixation of C O
2Intensity reach maximum, reduce then, to the 18:00 ecosystem once more by absorbing fixation of C O
2Transfer to and discharge CO
2, show as by negative value gradually become on the occasion of.During 19:00, the ecosystem discharges CO
2The intensity minimum.The ecosystem discharges CO
2Level is 20:00 time period maximum at night, reduces gradually then.Continuous Observation result by April 21 and two days on the 22nd, the characteristics of the diurnal variation of the clean revenue and expenditure of wheat ecology system are, change mild relatively night, about morning 7:00, be that the ecosystem absorbs turnover time point fixing and that discharge evening about 19:00, and the morning, 9:00 was to the absorption constant intensity maximum of the 10:00 ecosystem.Continuously 2d night the wheatland ecosystem discharging intensity respectively at 3.34～6.92 μ molm
-2S
-1Between change.Present approximate unimodal variation at fine day.The CO of continuous 2d
2Absorb maximum intensity and be respectively-15.9 μ molm
-2S
-1With-17.1 μ molm
-2S
-1The wheatland ecosystem of Continuous Observation 2d and the CO between atmosphere
2Exchange flux mean value is-2.35 μ molm
-2S
-1, the wheatland ecosystem that promptly should period absorbs fixation of C O on the whole
2Ability be better than and discharge CO
2Ability.
The diurnal variation trend of the soil respiration speed of orchard and wheatland such as Fig. 6 (b), the average respiratory rate in orchard is 6.61 μ molm
-2S
-1, wheatland is 3.87 μ molm
-2S
-1The respiratory intensity of orchard soil is maximum to about the 16:00 at 15:00, about 9.8 μ molm
-2S
-1To 10 μ molm
-2S
-1The respiratory intensity of wheatland soil is maximum about 16:00 and 12:00 respectively, about 5.2 μ molm
-2S
-1To 5.4 μ molm
-2S
-1
Claims (7)
1. full-automatic multiple-flux chamber system comprises air compressor, infrared CO
2Analyser, impact damper, exsiccator, filtrator, flowmeter, air pump, data acquisition unit and a plurality of flux case, between described flux case sidewall and loam cake one cylinder is housed, air compressor connects a multiport valve, this multiport valve is told some branch roads, branch road is provided with a solenoid valve, and the cylinder in each branch road and the flux case is connected; Each flux case connects a multiport valve by the gas path pipe that is provided with a solenoid valve, and the house steward of multiport valve connects impact damper, exsiccator, filtrator, flowmeter, infrared CO successively
2Be connected with the house steward of another multiport valve behind analyser, the air pump, each branch road that this multiport valve is told connects a flux case, and each branch road is provided with a solenoid valve, forms the circulation gas circuit, infrared CO
2Analyser is connected with a data acquisition unit, links to each other with cylinder in the described system, is used for the flexible solenoid valve of control cylinder, and the solenoid valve that is used for the Control Circulation gas circuit on the flux case all is connected with a logic controller by circuit.
2. automatic flux case control device according to claim 1, the number that it is characterized by described flux case are 18-20.
3. automatic flux case control device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized by in the described flux case fan also is installed, and this fan is connected with logic controller by circuit.
4. automatic flux case control device according to claim 1 and 2, the number that it is characterized by described flux case can determine that generally more than 6,30 just can reach requirement once according to actual conditions, and effect adopts 18-20 to get final product preferably.
5. automatic flux case control device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized by described flux box cover and is provided with a tracheae, is communicated with inside and outside the flux case.
6. automatic flux case control device according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized by described flux case on cover and be fixed with the U-shaped reinforcement.
7. automatic flux case control device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized by described flux box cover inside edge and is provided with O-ring seal.
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| CN2007100983154A CN101290324B (en) | 2007-04-20 | 2007-04-20 | Full-automatic multiple-flux chamber system |
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| CN106885875A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-23 | 中国科学院上海生命科学研究院 | A kind of gas flux measuring system |
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