CN103033533A - Measurement method for specific heat capacity of liquid - Google Patents
Measurement method for specific heat capacity of liquid Download PDFInfo
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- CN103033533A CN103033533A CN2012105487378A CN201210548737A CN103033533A CN 103033533 A CN103033533 A CN 103033533A CN 2012105487378 A CN2012105487378 A CN 2012105487378A CN 201210548737 A CN201210548737 A CN 201210548737A CN 103033533 A CN103033533 A CN 103033533A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a measurement method for the specific heat capacity of liquid. The method comprises the following steps: measuring to obtain the initial temperature T1 and the final temperature T'1 of a first calorimeter, the heat Q1 released by a heating device, the initial temperature T1 and the final temperature T'1 of a second calorimeter and the heat Q2 released by the heating device in a period of time; obtaining a group of equation of a formula (a) about D1 and D2; respectively obtaining the heat Q1 and Q2 released by the heating device through an integrator; respectively changing m1 and m2, and then repeating the steps; obtaining another group of equation of the formula (a); according to the obtained two groups of equations of the formula (a), calculating to obtain D1 and D2; and brining the obtained D1 and D2 in the formula (a), and calculating to obtain the specific heat c of liquid to be measured. The measurement method for the specific heat capacity of liquid utilizes the integrator to calculate the heat, can eliminate the influence of the product of the specific heat capacity of copper materials of the calorimeter such as an internal cylinder, a stirrer and the like and the quality and can also accurately record the heat Q released by the heating device by changing the quality of the liquid to be measured, and greatly increases the degree of accuracy of the measurement for the specific heat capacity of liquid.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field that specific heat capacity detects, be specifically related to a kind of measuring method of specific heat of liquid.
Background technology
Specific heat capacity (specific heat capacity) claim again specific heat capacity, is called for short specific heat, is absorption or the interior energy of release, the i.e. thermal capacity of unit mass material when making the unit mass object change unit temperature.Specific heat of liquid is an important indicator weighing liquid heat mechanics character.
The method of traditional measurement specific heat of liquid is mainly electrothermal way and relative method.Measure specific heat of liquid with electrothermal way, usually adopt single calorimeter as heating arrangement.Adopt electrothermal way to measure specific heat of liquid, in measuring process, because the beating action of stirrer so that the electric current in the loop is extremely unstable, has affected accuracy of measurement results to a certain extent.During with the comparative method for measuring specific heat of liquid, in order to eliminate the systematic error because of the difference generation of resistance, need to exchange measurement, cause measuring process very complicated.
For the existing problem of method of traditional measurement specific heat of liquid, " laboratory study and exploration " magazine April the 30th in 2011 volume the 4th interim, a kind of new liquid specific heat capacity measurement mechanism is disclosed.This liquid specific heat capacity measurement device comprises bicalorimeter bridge diagram device, as shown in Figure 1, the material of two calorimeters, residing external environment is identical, and the resistance difference of inner resistance wire is R very
1And R
2With R
3, R
4, R
5And R '
3, R '
4, R '
5Represent respectively the adjustable resistance case, with R '
1, R '
2Represent rheochord with R.Wherein, R
3, R
4, R
5With R '
3, R '
4, R '
5Of equal value.In measuring process, put into respectively the material of the same race of different quality in two calorimeters and measure simultaneously, operating personnel need to record respectively initial time and end the constantly output voltage values of two calorimeter systems.Then, according to the output voltage values U of two calorimeter systems in two moment
1, U '
1And U
2, U '
2, the quality m1 of two parts of testing liquids and m2, and the specific heat capacity of the copper material such as inner core of two calorimeters, stirrer and product D1 and the D2 of quality calculate the specific heat capacity of testing liquid.
The shortcoming that technique scheme exists is: the first, can't get rid of the impact that the voltage and current fluctuation brings in the experiment measuring process.Because the resistance value of heating arrangement varies with temperature and be again nonlinearities change, the output voltage values of two calorimeter systems can not guarantee fully according to linear change, thereby the thermal value of only calculating in the whole experiment measuring process according to initial time and the output voltage values of two calorimeter systems constantly of ending is inaccurate: according to UI-t(electric current and voltage product and the time shown in Figure 2) curve, the area that this curve surrounds is the accurate numerical value of heat Q.But technique scheme is only according to initial time with end constantly that the output voltage values (supposing that electric current is constant) of two calorimeter systems calculates heat Q, and the size of the numerical error of heat Q is the area of error shown in the oblique line among Fig. 2.The second, in the experimental measurements, can't get rid of the impact of the copper material draw heat such as inner core, stirrer of two calorimeters, so that the error of specific heat of liquid experimental measurements further increases.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the impact that liquid specific heat capacity measurement device measurement of calorific value of the prior art is inaccurate, can't get rid of copper material absorption thermal value, cause the large technical matters of specific heat of liquid measuring error, propose a kind of measurement of calorific value accurately, can get rid of the impact of the product of the specific heat capacity of copper material and quality, the measuring method of specific heat of liquid.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention adopts is as follows:
A kind of measuring method of specific heat of liquid, the applicable measurement mechanism of the method comprises the first calorimeter and second calorimeter of mutual series connection; Be respectively equipped with heating arrangement and temperature measuring equipment on this first calorimeter and the second calorimeter; It is m that quality is housed respectively in this first calorimeter and the second calorimeter
1And m
2Testing liquid;
Also be provided with the data acquisition unit sum-product intergrator in the described measurement mechanism; Be provided with the current acquisition point on the main line, be respectively equipped with the voltage acquisition point on the heating arrangement on the first calorimeter and the second calorimeter; Described data acquisition unit can gather the current acquisition point simultaneously, and the data of the voltage acquisition point on the first calorimeter and the second calorimeter; The current acquisition point that described integrator can collect according to described data acquisition unit and the data of voltage acquisition point utilize the method for integral measurement to calculate heat;
The method specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step I: the initial temperature T that measures the first calorimeter in a period of time scope
1With end temperature T '
1, heating arrangement liberated heat Q
1And the initial temperature T of the second calorimeter
2With end temperature T '
2, heating arrangement liberated heat Q
2Heating arrangement liberated heat Q
1And Q
2Calculated by described integrator respectively;
Utilize Q
1=(cm
1+ D
1) (T '
1-T
1), Q
2=(cm
2+ D
2) (T '
2-T
2),
Obtain one group of equation of formula (a):
Wherein c is the specific heat of testing liquid, D
1And D
2Be respectively the specific heat capacity of the first calorimeter and the second calorimeter itself and the product of quality;
Step I i: change respectively m
1And m
2Rear repeating step i obtains other one group of equation of formula (a);
Step I ii: two groups of equatioies according to the formula (a) that obtains among step I and the step I i calculate D
1And D
2
Step I v: will obtain D among the step I ii
1, D
2Bring formula (a) into, calculate the specific heat c of testing liquid.
In technique scheme, described data acquisition unit can also gather the temperature signal of the temperature measuring equipment on the first calorimeter and the second calorimeter.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The measuring method of specific heat of liquid of the present invention, utilize the method for integral measurement to calculate heat, by changing the quality of testing liquid, can get rid of the impact of the product of the specific heat capacity of the copper material such as inner core, stirrer of calorimeter itself and quality, again can accurate recording heating arrangement liberated heat Q, improved greatly the order of accuarcy that specific heat of liquid is measured.
The measuring method of specific heat of liquid of the present invention utilizes integrator to calculate the heating arrangement liberated heat, farthest eliminates error, so that measurement result is more accurate.
The measuring method of specific heat of liquid of the present invention, by the data acquisition units that can 5 gather simultaneously are set, with the voltage table on the reometer in the measurement mechanism, the first calorimeter and the second calorimeter, and first the reading of temperature measuring equipment on calorimeter and the second calorimeter gather simultaneously, well avoided artificial error.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit theory synoptic diagram of the liquid specific heat capacity measurement device of prior art;
Fig. 2 is UI-t(electric current and voltage product and time of calorimetry error of the liquid specific heat capacity measurement device of prior art) curve synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory synoptic diagram of the measuring method of specific heat of liquid of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is UI-t(electric current and voltage product and time of calorimetry error of the measuring method of specific heat of liquid of the present invention) curve synoptic diagram;
Reference numeral is expressed as among the figure:
The 1-data acquisition unit; 21-the first temperature acquisition point; 22-the second temperature acquisition point; 31-the first voltage acquisition point; 32-second voltage collection point; 4-current acquisition point.
Embodiment
Invention thought of the present invention is: the method for measurement specific heat of liquid of the present invention, and utilize the method for integral measurement to overcome the impact that the voltage fluctuation in the measuring process brings; By changing testing liquid quality m, eliminate the specific heat capacity D impact that measurement brings on specific heat of liquid of hot device, stirrer etc.; 5 data gather simultaneously, farthest eliminate error.
Be similar to the mathematics upper integral and ask for the process of a certain area under curve, such as Rectangular Method: be exactly that trapezoidal to be divided into several narrow bent limits trapezoidal bent limit, it is trapezoidal then to be similar to the narrow bent limit of replacement with narrow rectangle, thereby tries to achieve the approximate value of definite integral.The method of measurement specific heat of liquid of the present invention utilizes the principle of integral measurement heat to be: utilization can be carried out the circuit of integral operation, makes output signal be the integration of input signal, and is same, and input signal is the differential of output signal.
Specifically, as shown in Figure 4 UI-t(electric current and voltage product and time) curve, the area that this curve surrounds is the accurate numerical value of heat Q.When calculating heat Q, the present invention adopts the method for integration, and whole section UI-t curve is divided into a plurality of rectangles, and the height of each rectangle is this constantly electric current and voltage product, and wide is the interval of time.In the time will being made as very little a period of time the time interval, centisecond for example, the difference of the area of the area of this rectangle and centisecond time inner curve below is exactly the area of the leg-of-mutton diagonal line hatches part of being approximately of rectangle top, and the area of this part is very little.So, just can think the summation of area of a plurality of rectangles, be exactly the size of the area of UI-t curve below, and the size of area is exactly the size of heat.
From other one side, when measuring specific heat of liquid, need to heat testing liquid, in heating process, because temperature constantly changes, the resistance value of the heating arrangements such as resistance wire is constantly to change.So same voltage or electric current are added on the heating arrangement, its electric current or voltage also constantly change.So electric current is constant in the measuring method hypothesis heating process of the specific heat of liquid of prior art, is inappropriate.The measuring method of specific heat of liquid of the present invention, utilize integrator that the heating arrangement liberated heat is measured, when the frequency that gathers when voltage and current is very high, for example per second is above 100 times even 100, in the time of more than 000 time, the resistance of heating arrangement can be thought constant in twice acquisition interval.The heating arrangement liberated heat of measuring in the measuring method of specific heat of liquid of the present invention is more accurate.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done and to describe in further detail.
Fig. 3 and 4 has shown a kind of embodiment of the measuring method of specific heat of liquid of the present invention.As shown in Figure 3, the applicable measurement mechanism of the method comprises the first calorimeter and second calorimeter of mutual series connection, and its main line is provided with current acquisition point 4; The heating arrangement resistance wire that is respectively equipped with to heat on the first calorimeter and the second calorimeter, be used for the first temperature acquisition point 21 and the second temperature acquisition point 22 measuring and gather the first voltage acquisition point 31 and the second voltage collection point 32 of heating arrangement voltage value and be used for gathering and measuring the testing liquid temperature.The first temperature acquisition point 21 and the second temperature acquisition point 22 are respectively two digital thermometers.Be provided with the data acquisition unit 1 that can gather simultaneously current acquisition point 4, the first voltage acquisition point 31, second voltage collection point 32, the first temperature acquisition points 21 and the second temperature acquisition point 22 these 5 readings in the described measurement mechanism.It is m that quality is housed respectively in the first calorimeter and the second calorimeter
1And m
2Testing liquid.Be provided with the integrator that to put the data calculating heat of the 4 and first voltage acquisition point 31, second voltage collection point 32 according to current acquisition in the described heating arrangement.
The measuring method of specific heat of liquid of the present invention specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step I: the initial temperature T that measures the first calorimeter in a period of time scope
1With end temperature T '
1, heating arrangement liberated heat Q
1And the initial temperature T of the second calorimeter
2With end temperature T '
2, heating arrangement liberated heat Q
2
Utilize Q
1=(cm
1+ D
1) (T '
1-T
1), Q
2=(cm
2+ D
2) (T '
2-T
2),
Obtain one group of equation of formula (a):
Wherein c is the specific heat of testing liquid, D
1And D
2Be respectively the specific heat capacity of the first calorimeter and the second calorimeter itself and the product of quality.
Calculating heating arrangement liberated heat Q in the step I
1And Q
2The time, heating arrangement liberated heat Q
1And Q
2The data of the current acquisition point 4 that is collected according to described data acquisition unit by described integrator respectively and the first voltage acquisition point 31, second voltage collection point 32 obtain, thereby farthest eliminate error, so that measurement result is more accurate.
Step I i: change respectively m
1And m
2Rear repeating step i obtains other one group of equation of formula (a).
Step I ii: two groups of equatioies according to the formula (a) that obtains among step I and the step I i calculate D
1And D
2Calculate D among this step I ii
1And D
2Principle be since these two groups of equatioies (a) in unknown number only have D
1And D
2So, can obtain this two unknown numbers by two equatioies.
Step I v: will obtain D among the step I ii
1, D
2Bring formula (a) into, calculate the specific heat c of testing liquid.
The measuring method of specific heat of liquid of the present invention by changing the quality of testing liquid, has been got rid of the impact of the product of the specific heat capacity of the copper materials such as inner core, stirrer of calorimeter itself and quality, has improved greatly the order of accuarcy of specific heat of liquid measurement.
The measuring method of specific heat of liquid of the present invention, by the data acquisition units that can 5 gather simultaneously are set, with the voltage table on the reometer in the measurement mechanism, the first calorimeter and the second calorimeter, and first the reading of temperature measuring equipment on calorimeter and the second calorimeter gather simultaneously, well avoided artificial error.
Obviously, above-described embodiment only is for example clearly is described, and is not the restriction to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here need not also can't give all embodiments exhaustive.And the apparent variation of being extended out thus or change still are among the protection domain of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. the measuring method of a specific heat of liquid, the applicable measurement mechanism of the method comprises the first calorimeter and second calorimeter of mutual series connection; Be respectively equipped with heating arrangement and temperature measuring equipment on this first calorimeter and the second calorimeter; It is m that quality is housed respectively in this first calorimeter and the second calorimeter
1And m
2Testing liquid;
It is characterized in that, also be provided with the data acquisition unit sum-product intergrator in the described measurement mechanism; Be provided with the current acquisition point on the main line, be respectively equipped with the voltage acquisition point on the heating arrangement on the first calorimeter and the second calorimeter; Described data acquisition unit can gather the current acquisition point simultaneously, and the data of the voltage acquisition point on the first calorimeter and the second calorimeter; The current acquisition point that described integrator can collect according to described data acquisition unit and the data of voltage acquisition point utilize the method for integral measurement to calculate heat;
The method specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step I: the initial temperature T that measures the first calorimeter in a period of time scope
1With end temperature T '
1, heating arrangement liberated heat Q
1And the initial temperature T of the second calorimeter
2With end temperature T '
2, heating arrangement liberated heat Q
2Heating arrangement liberated heat Q
1And Q
2Calculated by described integrator respectively;
Utilize Q
1=(cm
1+ D
1) (T '
1-T
1), Q
2=(cm
2+ D
2) (T '
2-T
2),
Obtain one group of equation of formula (a):
Wherein c is the specific heat of testing liquid, D
1And D
2Be respectively the specific heat capacity of the first calorimeter and the second calorimeter itself and the product of quality;
Step I i: change respectively m
1And m
1Rear repeating step i obtains other one group of equation of formula (a);
Step I ii: two groups of equatioies according to the formula (a) that obtains among step I and the step I i calculate D
1And D
2
Step I v: will obtain D among the step I ii
1, D
2Bring formula (a) into, calculate the specific heat c of testing liquid.
2. the measuring method of specific heat of liquid as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described data acquisition unit can also gather the temperature signal of the temperature measuring equipment on the first calorimeter and the second calorimeter.
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Cited By (9)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103837567A (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2014-06-04 | 浙江大学 | Liquid specific heat capacity measuring device capable of realizing self-balanced pressurization and measuring method |
| CN104730106A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-06-24 | 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 | Liquid constant pressure specific heat measurement device |
| CN104990954A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-10-21 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Liquid specific heat capacity experimental measuring system |
| CN106018474A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-10-12 | 广东省特种设备检测研究院顺德检测院 | Liquid specific heat capacity measurement system |
| CN106442208A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-02-22 | 天津城建大学 | Calculation method of specific heat of cement soil |
| CN109655485A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-04-19 | 常州大连理工大学智能装备研究院 | A kind of device and method using null method measurement specific heat of liquid |
| CN110208314A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-09-06 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of frozen soil specific heat mixing calorimetric test device and its implementation method considering latent heat of phase change |
| CN111380903A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-07-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining specific heat capacity of shale |
| CN112748145A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-04 | 西安交通大学 | Double-flow-method specific heat capacity measuring device and method |
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Cited By (16)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103837567B (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2016-01-20 | 浙江大学 | The liquid specific heat capacity measurement device of energy self-equilibrating pressurization and method |
| CN103837567A (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2014-06-04 | 浙江大学 | Liquid specific heat capacity measuring device capable of realizing self-balanced pressurization and measuring method |
| CN104730106A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-06-24 | 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 | Liquid constant pressure specific heat measurement device |
| CN104730106B (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2017-03-15 | 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 | A kind of liquid specific heat at constant pressure measurement apparatus |
| CN104990954A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-10-21 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Liquid specific heat capacity experimental measuring system |
| CN104990954B (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2019-06-21 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of specific heat of liquid experimental measurement system |
| CN106018474A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-10-12 | 广东省特种设备检测研究院顺德检测院 | Liquid specific heat capacity measurement system |
| CN106018474B (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2019-01-04 | 广东省特种设备检测研究院顺德检测院 | A kind of specific heat of liquid measuring system |
| CN106442208A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-02-22 | 天津城建大学 | Calculation method of specific heat of cement soil |
| CN111380903A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-07-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining specific heat capacity of shale |
| CN111380903B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2022-08-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining specific heat capacity of shale |
| CN109655485A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-04-19 | 常州大连理工大学智能装备研究院 | A kind of device and method using null method measurement specific heat of liquid |
| CN110208314B (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2021-04-13 | 大连理工大学 | Frozen soil specific heat mixing calorimetric test device considering phase change latent heat and implementation method thereof |
| CN110208314A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-09-06 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of frozen soil specific heat mixing calorimetric test device and its implementation method considering latent heat of phase change |
| CN112748145A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-04 | 西安交通大学 | Double-flow-method specific heat capacity measuring device and method |
| CN112748145B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-02-22 | 西安交通大学 | Double-flow-method specific heat capacity measuring device and method |
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Application publication date: 20130410 |