CN1030330A - 包括多个敏感同轴元件的压电换能器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种压电换能器,包括一组互相连接的敏感同轴
元件,以补偿加速移动和弯曲产生的效应。它包括至
少一对由径向极化的同轴压电电缆段构成的敏感元
件(1,2),但具有相反的取向,而且其一的外极板连接
至另一的内极板,反之亦然。通过增加成对敏感元件
数目和选择其相对布置,可提高换能器对加速移动和
弯曲所产生的噪声的抗干扰性,而与加速移动和弯曲
方向式换能器对这类噪声较敏感的一个需预确定的
方向无关。凡对敏感元件可结合在可装连接器或电
缆的中心圆柱的周围。
Description
本发明涉及一种具有一组敏感同轴元件的压电换能器。
这种压电换能器可用于,例如,压力测量,特别是海洋学或地震勘测领域,以及用于定向应力测量。
压电换能器通常包括一个或多个敏感元件,每一敏感元件由一块具有压电特性的基片和分置于两侧的两个电极或极板组成。
这种基片可以是尺寸较小的陶瓷盘制成,并放置在一个其一侧或多侧对声波具有透性的硬盒内。法国专利2,122,675表明一种压电换能器的实例,用一个或最好是两个各具有其电极的陶瓷盘,固定于两个彼此相对的柔性板内。其中至少一块板具有一个较厚的坚实边缘部分,以便撑托在另一块板上。盘可以是由具有压电特性的粉末料烧结而成。它们具有非常高的灵敏性,但机械性能较脆。
基片可以是经处理而具有压电特性的塑料合成材料所制成的柔性带材或板。这些材料通常采用例如PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)、聚乙烯、PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)等,并且在进行电极化之前预先对它们进行拉伸。
如专家们已经知道的那样,也可以使用可直接结晶成可极化形式的共聚物,而不需预先拉伸。
采用柔性带材或板,可以做成较长的可产生波数滤波的连续性水听器。将其安装在船拖地震浮筒内,就特别适合于对某些射频干扰进行滤波,因而有利于接收对拖船发射的震波发生响应而由水下不连续表面反射回来的信号。
以往是已采用信号传输电缆生产工艺里的已知技术来制造同轴形压电换能器。于是处于内外极板之间的介电材料由合成塑料材料,如以上所提到的各种材料所制成的基片来代替,并且是径向极化的。外极板相当精细以便对声波具有透性。例如,用一层导电涂料或真空金属镀层。一层不透水的弹性护套层使外极板电绝缘。此内外极板连接到一个阻抗校正前置放大器。由于采用传统的生产工艺,同轴换能器的成本通常比薄膜换能器的价格要便宜,而且其外极板还构成自然的电屏蔽。
这种同轴压电换能器已有叙述,例如在美国专利US-4,568,851中和PCT专利申请公布WO 86/00,757中。
压电同轴电缆通常不适于在它会受到各种干扰的水中使用。当用作水听器并在海上被拖曳以进行地震勘测或执行声源标定和定位时情况更是这样。径向加速移动在电缆的一侧会产生过压,在另一侧则产生局部低压。由于压差,在电缆两侧就产生相反的电荷,但通常不会完全抵消,于是一项加速移动会产生一个寄生电压。如果这种压电电缆被拖曳时受弯曲或打卷,则处于凸面的敏感基片就会产生压缩,而相反的另一面则会伸长。故通常出现的相反符号的电荷就不再互相抵消。如同径向灵敏度,由加速移动或弯曲所产生的寄生信号甚至会淹没所要测量的有用信号。
按照本发明的压电换能器可以避免上述缺点。
本压电换能器是由同轴结构的敏感元件组成,该同轴结构包括一块具有压电特性的材料构成的基片,各基片连接至两个导电极板,即其一为内板,另一为外板。这两敏感元件分别用径向极化的基片构成,但两者处于相反方向,并且它们的极板的电路是成对接的。本压电换能器的特征在于它至少包括两个尺寸大致相同、而彼此靠得很近并由覆盖材料连在一起的敏感元件。
敏感元件之一的外极板最好连接至另一个敏感元件的内极板,反之亦然。其径向极化方向两两相反的偶数个敏感元件可以是呈圆环布置和钳入覆盖材料中。它们甚至可以布置在具有中央凹槽的护套内,该凹槽用于让例如各种电缆或管道通过其中。
由于采用大致相同尺寸的敏感元件,因而,响应给定的应力就会产生模拟电压,这就能很好地对可能由于绝然不同的取向而使它受到加速度移动或弯曲进行补偿。
增加敏感元件数目,可获得一种不管其使用方向如何能有效地补偿经弯曲或加速移动的压电换能器。但另一方面,通过指定某一特定方向也可获得一种能够测量方向性应力的压电换能器。
本发明的换能器的其他特征和优点可通过下述的但非限定的例子和附图中所叙述的实施例得到进一步阐明,其中:
图1表示具有两个并排布置的敏感同轴元件的一种压电换能器;
图2表示一部分敏感压电元件;
图3表示一种具有四个两两相接的敏感元件的换能器的横截面图;
图4也表示一种具有一组敏感元件的换能器的横截面,敏感元件分布在护套中,其中的布置有用于容纳电缆和管子的管状凹槽。
按照图1的实施例,该装置包括两个敏感同轴元件1、2。每一个包括(如图2)一个电极或内极3,即由例如埋入具有压电特性并模制成圆柱形的柔性物中的金属线构成。外极板5贴附在圆柱体的外表面。
所用的柔性物可以由具有压电特性的粉末(例如PZT)与柔性胶粘材料混合构成,这尤可使用PVDF聚合物。其生产过程包括把埋在内部极板中的柔性物进行拉伸,以便使其分子在施以极化电场之前具有一定的取向。该物4也可以选择直接结晶成极化形式的已知类型的共聚物。外极板5做成例如导线编结式,该编结最好是埋入在一层导电复合材料中。也可简单地由该复合材料制成一薄膜,或是在真空下沉积成一层金属膜,这些生产工艺是技术人员所熟知的,而且能连续生产很长的压电电缆。
该两个敏感同轴元件1,2是等长的电缆段,但是取自其径向极化是相反的同轴电缆。这样,给定应力施于这两个敏感元件将在不同一形状的极板上产生符号相反的电荷,于是带有相同符号的电荷的极板在本例中是互相连接的。一个元件的外极板便与另一元件的内极板构成电路连接,反之亦然。一对互相连接的极板连接到一个匹配前置放大器的指定端。这两个敏感元件1,2并列布置,并由可透声波的弹性绝缘护套7结合在一起。
采用这一连接方式,各向同性的变量压力施加在两敏感元件的极板就会出现电荷的递增。这样,就可通过试验来检验象这样构成的装置对为补偿加速移动和而产生的电荷所引起的噪声是否有较好的抗干扰性。特别是,当给定方向的应力引起一个敏感元件压缩,而另一元件伸长时,更是如此。
这种情况特别是体现在图1的实施例中,其中所施加的应力在通过该两个敏感元件的轴线的平面上有一分力。当施加该压力的话,效应寄生应力得到补偿,则信噪比提高。
如果在同一护套内设置几对其径向极化是相反的敏感元件,并按前述方法互相连接,则抗干扰性可进一步提高。按图3的实施例,四个敏感元件8,9,10,11组成两对,一起置于一个护套12内。这两对(8,9)和(11,12)分别布置在两个不同的平面上,例如,彼此垂直。同样,极板也互相连接,其中对于给定的加速移动或弯曲会出现相反的符号的电荷。这样,敏感元件8,11的外极板连接至元件9和10的内极板,而该元件8,11的内极板本身连接至元件9和10的外极板。这两项连接,如前面所述分别连接至匹配前置放大器(未示出),这可使信噪比提高。
敏感元件的数目可以是多个,以使换能器受加速移动和弯曲所进行的补偿具有更少的方向性,并提高对噪声的抗干扰性。
按照图4的实施例,凡对具有相反的径向极性的敏感元件(例如,四对),布置一个中空的中小柱13周围,而且对于彼此相对位置上用绝缘覆盖材料加以固定。
该装置外部由弹性护套15防护,按前面所述进行电路连接,以便补偿由于加速移动和弯曲而在各个极板上出现的电流负载。在中空圆柱体13内可以穿进长条形元件16,如牵引电缆、供电电缆、信号传输电缆等。各个穿进中空圆柱内的元件通过注入于圆柱内的凝胶,如硅胶予以固定。
这样,就能实现很长的地震浮筒。
下列做法也不离开本发明的范围。即用不同的敏感元件做成一种结构,使换能器从一个或多个不同方向接收到的应力具有选择性而实现高应力测计。除了图3、4中的环形布置,也可以选择另一种布置,将敏感元件排列在一给定平面内,或者与中心不等距。
Claims (11)
1、一种由同轴结构和敏感元件构成的压电换能器,包括由具有压电特性的材料制成的基片4,每一基片4连接至两个导电极板,一为内极板3,另一为外极板5,这些敏感元件分别由方向相反的径向极化的基片制成,其极板两两相接的电路连接,所述压电换能器的特征在于,至少包括两个大致相同、布置得彼此靠近并由覆盖材料7连起来的敏感元件。
2、按照权利要求1的换能器,其特征在于,一个敏感元件的外极板5连接至另一敏感元件的内极板3,反之亦然。
3、按照权利要求1的换能器,其特征在于,它包括偶数个由径向极化方向两两相反的基片构成的敏感元件(8至11),这些敏感元件成环形布置,并埋入覆盖材料内。
4、按照权利要求1的换能器,其特征在于,它包括偶数个由径向极化方向两两相反的基片构成的敏感元件,这些敏感元件布置在一个护套15内,并埋入覆盖材料14内,所述的护套具有中心凹槽13。
5、按照权利要求4的换能器,其特征在于,该中心凹槽13成管状,其中安装着长条形元件。
6、按照权利要求5的换能器,其特征在于,上述凹槽中包含有介电物质17。
7、按照权利要求4的换能器,其特征在于,护套15由可阻尼流动噪声的材料构成。
8、按照权利要求3至7的换能器,其特征在于,各个敏感元件的极板互相连接,以便互相补偿由于至少在一个径向平面上承受加速移动或弯曲而在各个极板上所出现的电荷。
9、按照权利要求3的换能器,其特征在于,敏感元件布置在具有中心凹槽13的护套内。
10、按照权利要求5或6的换能器,其特征在于,所述的长条形元件16是电缆或管道。
11、按照权利要求4的换能器,其特征在于,所选定的敏感元件的相对布置至少在一个方向上有利于提高对所受应力的灵敏度。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR87/09.262 | 1987-06-30 | ||
FR8709262A FR2617659B1 (fr) | 1987-06-30 | 1987-06-30 | Transducteur piezo-electrique comportant plusieurs elements sensibles coaxiaux |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1030330A true CN1030330A (zh) | 1989-01-11 |
CN1012543B CN1012543B (zh) | 1991-05-01 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN88104084A Expired CN1012543B (zh) | 1987-06-30 | 1988-06-30 | 包括多个敏感同轴元件的压电传感器 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4849946A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0297948B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPS6450488A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1012543B (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1297579C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3865755D1 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2617659B1 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO174270C (zh) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1323442C (zh) * | 2000-12-15 | 2007-06-27 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 同轴柔性压电电缆的极化装置和极化方法 |
WO2014059807A1 (zh) * | 2012-10-19 | 2014-04-24 | 纳米新能源(唐山)有限责任公司 | 基于摩擦电的压力感应电缆 |
CN103973160A (zh) * | 2013-02-04 | 2014-08-06 | 黑莓有限公司 | 压电发电机 |
CN104426425A (zh) * | 2013-09-06 | 2015-03-18 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | 具有发电单元的惯性发电装置和加速方向检测装置 |
CN104515632A (zh) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-04-15 | 纳米新能源(唐山)有限责任公司 | 一种摩擦压力感应电缆及其制备方法 |
CN107706300A (zh) * | 2017-07-29 | 2018-02-16 | 张敬敏 | 一种电缆外部压力检测用复合压电材料及其制造方法 |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2634088B1 (fr) * | 1988-07-11 | 1991-05-31 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Capteur piezo-electrique comportant au moins une paire d'elements sensibles souples de grande longueur |
US5051672A (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1991-09-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Riken | Automatic window/door system |
NZ243294A (en) * | 1991-06-25 | 1995-04-27 | Commw Scient Ind Res Org | Time of flight of acoustic wave packets through fluid: reduction of higher order acoustic mode effects |
US6271621B1 (en) | 1998-08-05 | 2001-08-07 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric pressure sensor |
US7474966B2 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2009-01-06 | Expro Meters. Inc | Apparatus having an array of piezoelectric film sensors for measuring parameters of a process flow within a pipe |
EP1567833A2 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2005-08-31 | CiDra Corporation | An apparatus having an array of piezoelectric film sensors for measuring parameters of a process flow within a pipe |
US6836113B2 (en) * | 2003-01-22 | 2004-12-28 | Toshiba America Mri, Inc. | Measurement and correction of gradient-induced cross-term magnetic fields in an EPI sequence |
US7367239B2 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2008-05-06 | Cidra Corporation | Piezocable based sensor for measuring unsteady pressures inside a pipe |
US7503227B2 (en) | 2005-07-13 | 2009-03-17 | Cidra Corporate Services, Inc | Method and apparatus for measuring parameters of a fluid flow using an array of sensors |
CN102820028A (zh) * | 2012-07-16 | 2012-12-12 | 姚鹏 | 一种弦乐类乐器拾音传感器及其制备方法 |
US9543861B2 (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2017-01-10 | Blackberry Limited | Piezoelectric generator |
WO2015043236A1 (zh) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-04-02 | 纳米新能源(唐山)有限责任公司 | 一种摩擦压力感应电缆及其制备方法 |
CN111051835A (zh) * | 2017-08-09 | 2020-04-21 | 三井化学株式会社 | 传感器组件及具有其的压力分布传感器 |
RU2661456C1 (ru) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-07-16 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "Научно-исследовательский испытательный центр подготовки космонавтов имени Ю.А. Гагарина" | Способ и устройство тензоэлектрического преобразования |
WO2019126477A2 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | Lawrence Fishman | Device and method for sensing underwater sound pressure |
JP7102762B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-09 | 2022-07-20 | 日立金属株式会社 | 圧電部材 |
Family Cites Families (12)
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US1874281A (en) * | 1929-05-18 | 1932-08-30 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Submarine signaling cable |
US3651243A (en) * | 1968-08-30 | 1972-03-21 | Western Electric Co | High-frequency cables |
FR2122675A5 (zh) * | 1971-01-19 | 1972-09-01 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | |
US3699237A (en) * | 1971-02-10 | 1972-10-17 | United States Steel Corp | Buoyant electric cable |
FR2145099A5 (zh) * | 1971-07-08 | 1973-02-16 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | |
US4245172A (en) * | 1976-11-02 | 1981-01-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Transducer for generation and detection of shear waves |
DE3337432A1 (de) * | 1983-10-14 | 1985-04-25 | Audioplan Renate Kühn, 7502 Malsch | Signalkabel |
GB2151434B (en) * | 1983-12-02 | 1987-10-14 | Raytheon Co | Multi-layered polymer transducer |
JPS60180181A (ja) * | 1984-02-09 | 1985-09-13 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | 水中用同軸型圧電ケ−ブル |
ATE70666T1 (de) * | 1984-07-06 | 1992-01-15 | Focas Ltd | Piezoelektrisches koaxialkabel. |
US4695988A (en) * | 1984-09-12 | 1987-09-22 | Ngk Spark Plug Co. Ltd. | Underwater piezoelectric arrangement |
JPH0618018A (ja) * | 1992-07-06 | 1994-01-25 | Matsushita Seiko Co Ltd | 廃棄物処理装置 |
-
1987
- 1987-06-30 FR FR8709262A patent/FR2617659B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1988
- 1988-06-21 DE DE8888401549T patent/DE3865755D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-06-21 EP EP88401549A patent/EP0297948B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-28 US US07/212,487 patent/US4849946A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-06-28 NO NO882864A patent/NO174270C/no unknown
- 1988-06-30 CA CA000570843A patent/CA1297579C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-06-30 JP JP63164812A patent/JPS6450488A/ja active Pending
- 1988-06-30 CN CN88104084A patent/CN1012543B/zh not_active Expired
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1323442C (zh) * | 2000-12-15 | 2007-06-27 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 同轴柔性压电电缆的极化装置和极化方法 |
WO2014059807A1 (zh) * | 2012-10-19 | 2014-04-24 | 纳米新能源(唐山)有限责任公司 | 基于摩擦电的压力感应电缆 |
CN103776567A (zh) * | 2012-10-19 | 2014-05-07 | 纳米新能源(唐山)有限责任公司 | 基于摩擦电的压力感应电缆 |
CN103776567B (zh) * | 2012-10-19 | 2016-08-03 | 纳米新能源(唐山)有限责任公司 | 基于摩擦电的压力感应电缆 |
CN103973160A (zh) * | 2013-02-04 | 2014-08-06 | 黑莓有限公司 | 压电发电机 |
CN103973160B (zh) * | 2013-02-04 | 2018-12-04 | 黑莓有限公司 | 压电发电机 |
CN104426425A (zh) * | 2013-09-06 | 2015-03-18 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | 具有发电单元的惯性发电装置和加速方向检测装置 |
CN104515632A (zh) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-04-15 | 纳米新能源(唐山)有限责任公司 | 一种摩擦压力感应电缆及其制备方法 |
CN107706300A (zh) * | 2017-07-29 | 2018-02-16 | 张敬敏 | 一种电缆外部压力检测用复合压电材料及其制造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO174270C (no) | 1994-04-06 |
NO882864D0 (no) | 1988-06-28 |
US4849946A (en) | 1989-07-18 |
CA1297579C (fr) | 1992-03-17 |
EP0297948A1 (fr) | 1989-01-04 |
FR2617659A1 (fr) | 1989-01-06 |
FR2617659B1 (fr) | 1990-09-14 |
DE3865755D1 (de) | 1991-11-28 |
JPS6450488A (en) | 1989-02-27 |
NO882864L (no) | 1989-01-02 |
CN1012543B (zh) | 1991-05-01 |
EP0297948B1 (fr) | 1991-10-23 |
NO174270B (no) | 1993-12-27 |
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