CN103032462B - 具有渐缩垫片的弹性体轴承 - Google Patents
具有渐缩垫片的弹性体轴承 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103032462B CN103032462B CN201210376396.0A CN201210376396A CN103032462B CN 103032462 B CN103032462 B CN 103032462B CN 201210376396 A CN201210376396 A CN 201210376396A CN 103032462 B CN103032462 B CN 103032462B
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- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
- B64C27/32—Rotors
- B64C27/35—Rotors having elastomeric joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
- B64C11/02—Hub construction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C27/00—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C27/06—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement by means of parts of rubber or like materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/40—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers consisting of a stack of similar elements separated by non-elastic intermediate layers
- F16F1/403—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers consisting of a stack of similar elements separated by non-elastic intermediate layers characterised by the shape of the non-elastic interengaging parts between the elements
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
一种离心力轴承,包含多个渐缩的金属垫片以使得每个渐缩的金属垫片的较厚的端部靠近轴承的内侧部分。轴承能够包含多个渐缩的弹性体构件,因此多个渐缩的弹性体构件是渐缩的以使得内侧部分比外侧部分更窄。渐缩的金属垫片能够提高在离心力的方向上的轴向刚度,因而,与非渐缩垫片相比,减小了载荷下的轴向变形。此外,减小轴向的变形减小了当旋翼桨叶被允许轴向变形较大距离时可能产生的间隙问题。这样,渐缩金属垫片能够提高轴承的性能。使金属垫片渐缩能够减小弹性体构件的外侧部分(此处载荷通常较高)附近的由压缩引起的剪切应变。
Description
技术领域
本申请的设备涉及一种用于旋翼毂的离心力轴承。
背景技术
离心力轴承能够包含具有统一厚度的金属垫片与弹性体构件的结合。弹性体构件的由压缩引起的剪切应变通常为轴承的寿命的主要限制因素。
因此,需要一种改良的轴承设计,其在操作期间由压缩引起的剪切应变减小。此外,需要一种提供提高的载荷能力而不增大轴承尺寸的轴承。
附图说明
在所附权利要求中阐述了被认为是本申请的设备的创新性特征。然而,当结合附图阅读以下详细描述时,将最好地理解该设备自身、以及优选地使用方式、及其进一步的目的和优势,附图中:
图1为根据本申请的示意性实施方式,具有轴承的旋翼飞行器的侧视图;
图2为根据本申请的示意性实施方式,从图1中的剖面线2-2截取的旋翼飞行器的主旋翼毂的俯视剖面图;
图3为根据本申请的示意性实施方式,从图2中的剖面线3-3截取的主旋翼毂的剖面图;
图4为根据本申请的示意性实施方式的轴承的放大剖面图。
具体实施方式
以下描述了本申请的设备的说明性实施方式。为了清楚起见,在本说明书中没有描述实际实施中的所有特征。当然,应当理解,在任何这种实际实施方式的开发过程中,必须做出许多针对特定实施情况的决定来达到开发者的特定目的,例如遵守系统相关的以及商业相关的约束,这在各个实施情况之间将会不同。而且,应当理解,这种开发工作可能是复杂并且耗时的,但对于获益于本公开内容的本领域普通技术人员而言,这种开发工作将只不过是常规工作。
在本说明书中,当对附图中的装置进行描述时,可能提及不同部件之间的空间关系以及部件的不同方面的空间定向。然而,本领域的技术人员在完整阅读了本申请之后将认识到,本文中描述的装置、构件、设备等可以沿任意所期望的方向定向。用于描述不同部件之间的空间关系或用于描述这些部件的方面的空间定向的术语,例如“上”“下”“上部”“下部”或其他类似术语的使用应当理解为是用于对应地描述部件之间的相对关系或这些部件的方面的空间定向,因为本文中描述的装置可以沿任意所期望的方向定向。
本发明的设备为轴承,该轴承具有交替的渐缩垫片层和渐缩弹性体构件层,渐缩垫片和渐缩弹性体构件被共同构造成用以减小弹性体构件的由压缩引起的剪切应变。应当理解,虽然本文描述的渐缩垫片是金属的,但该渐缩垫片能够由任何刚性的材料制造,例如复合材料。
参见图1,描绘了旋翼飞行器101的一个示例。旋翼飞行器101能够包含机身103、起落架105、尾桁107、具有旋翼桨叶123的主旋翼系统109以及尾部旋翼系统111。应当理解,旋翼飞行器101仅仅为能够实施本文公开的设备——例如轴承301——的多种飞行器的示意性示例。其他的飞行器实施形式可以包含混合式飞行器、倾转旋翼飞行器、无人驾驶飞行器、自转旋翼机以及多种直升机构造,在此仅举出几个示例。
参见图2和3,主旋翼系统109可包含旋翼轭架117和旋翼夹头115。每个旋翼夹头115构造成用以接收并联接至旋翼桨叶123之一。在操作期间,旋翼桨叶123绕着由旋翼主轴113限定的旋转轴线的旋转能够产生离心力307,离心力307受到轴承301的压缩的反作用。能够使用轴承支撑件119为轴承301提供轴承表面。此外,轴承301能够具有基部构件125,该基部构件125构造成用以联接至旋翼夹头115。轴承301能够被构造为对旋翼桨叶123和旋翼轭架117之间的压缩运动、扭转运动和挥舞运动提供反作用。
参见图4,描绘了通过轴承301的剖面图。轴承301包含多个渐缩金属垫片305以使得每个金属垫片305的较厚的端部靠近轴承301的内侧部分。如图4所示,每个金属垫片305朝着轴承301的外侧部分变窄。轴承301还能够包含多个渐缩的弹性体构件303,渐缩的弹性体构件303因此逐渐减小以使得内侧部分比外侧部分更窄。轴承301能够具有位于交替的渐缩垫片305层和渐缩弹性体构件303层之间的盖构件127。盖构件127能够为与翼尖侧的弹性体构件303和弹性体部121匹配的刚性构件,该弹性体部121被构造为盖构件127与轴承支撑件119的匹配的球形表面之间的接合部。
当受到离心力307时,渐缩金属垫片305起作用以增加在离心力307的方向上的轴向刚度。一个有益的结果是,与非渐缩垫片相比,通过增加的轴向刚度,实现了在载荷的作用下轴向变形的减少。在方向307上的轴向刚度的增加能归功于大部分的操作性压缩载荷受到内侧部分(金属垫片305在此处更厚)的反作用,因而防止了外侧部分(其中,弹性体构件303在此处更厚)对压缩载荷起反作用,这减少了弹性体构件303的外侧部分附近——此处载荷通常较高——的由压缩引起的剪切应变。由于在设计过程中,由压缩引起的剪切应变通常主导轴承的尺寸,所以在具有相同性能的情况下,轴承301的尺寸能够设定成比具有非渐缩垫片的传统轴承小。
此外,减小轴向变形减小了当旋翼桨叶被允许轴向变形较大距离时有可能产生的间隙问题。这样,与非渐缩垫片相比,渐缩金属垫片305能够提高轴承301的性能。
在操作期间,轴承301可能不仅受到离心力307,还受到挥舞(翘起)力309。弹性体部121能够被构造为在存在挥舞力309时变形。此外,弹性体构件303也能够在受到挥舞力309时变形。
此外,在操作期间,当旋翼桨叶123的桨距改变时,在轴承301上会受到扭转载荷。引起的扭转变形会绕着中心线轴线311发生,该中心线轴线311也对应于旋翼桨叶123的桨距改变轴线。轴承301的另一个独特的优势是,由于外侧部分比内侧部分具有更多的弹性体材料,所以弹性体构件303能够承载来自扭转载荷的应变。具有承载扭转应变、同时对于轴向压缩表现为刚性的轴承能够是非常令人满意的。此外,能够选择渐缩金属垫片305和渐缩弹性体构件303的角度和尺寸以单独地定制轴承301的扭转性能和轴向刚度。
本申请的轴承提供了显著的优势,包括:1)减小轴承的弹性体部的由压缩引起的剪切应变;2)延长轴承的使用寿命;3)减小轴承的尺寸;4)提高轴承的扭转性能;5)提高轴向压缩刚度从而减小载荷变形和间隙要求。
上文中公开的具体的实施方式仅仅是示意性的,因为能够以对于受益于本文教导的本领域技术人员而言很明显的不同但等效的方式对该设备进行修改和实践。能够对本设备做出修改、添加和删减而不偏离本发明的范围。该设备的部件可为集成的或分开的。而且,可通过更多的、更少的或其他的部件来执行该设备的操作。
此外,除了在以下权利要求中所描述的以外,无意于对本文示出的构造或设计的细节做出限制。因而明显的是,上文中公开的具体的实施方式可变化或修改,并且所有的变型方案都认为是在本申请的范围和精神之内的。相应地,本文寻求的保护在权利要求中进行阐述。
为了帮助专利局、以及本申请的任何已公告专利的任何读者解释本文所附的权利要求,申请人希望指出,除非在某项权利要求中明确地使用了“用于…的装置”、“用于…的步骤”这些词语,否则申请人无意于使任何所附权利要求援引本申请提交日时存在的35U.S.C.§112的第6段的规定。
Claims (13)
1.一种轴承,包括:
基部构件;
盖构件;
在所述基部构件与盖构件之间的交替的垫片构件的层和弹性体构件的层,所述垫片构件是渐缩的;
其中,所述轴承为用于旋翼毂的离心力轴承。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的轴承,其中,所述垫片构件是渐缩的,使得窄的部分定位成靠近所述轴承的外侧部分。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的轴承,其中,所述垫片构件是渐缩的,使得宽的部分定位成靠近所述轴承的内侧部分。
4.根据前述权利要求1中所述的轴承,其中,所述弹性体构件是渐缩的,使得窄的部分定位成靠近所述轴承的内侧部分。
5.根据权利要求1中所述的轴承,其中,所述弹性体构件是渐缩的,使得宽的部分定位成靠近所述轴承的外侧部分。
6.根据权利要求1中所述的轴承,其中,所述垫片构件由金属材料制成。
7.根据权利要求1中所述的轴承,其中,所述垫片构件由复合材料制成。
8.根据权利要求1中所述的轴承,还包括:
轴承支撑件,所述轴承支撑件具有球形内表面,所述球形内表面通过弹性体部接合至盖构件的球形外表面。
9.根据权利要求1中所述的轴承,其中,所述基部构件适于联接至所述旋翼毂的旋翼夹头部。
10.根据权利要求1中所述的轴承,其中,所述盖构件适于经由轴承支撑件联接至旋翼轭架。
11.根据权利要求10中所述的轴承,其中,所述旋翼轭架的操作表现为压缩所述弹性体构件的层。
12.根据权利要求1中所述的轴承,其中,在使用中,所述弹性体构件的层和所述垫片构件的层被定向为大体地垂直于所述旋翼毂的旋翼桨叶的桨距改变轴线。
13.根据权利要求12中所述的轴承,其中,在使用中,旋翼桨叶的桨距改变表现为使得所述弹性体构件的层绕着所述离心力轴承的中轴线扭转地变形,所述弹性体构件的层在靠近外侧部分处更厚。
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US201161542584P | 2011-10-03 | 2011-10-03 | |
US61/542,584 | 2011-10-03 | ||
US13/597,433 US9327832B2 (en) | 2011-10-03 | 2012-08-29 | Elastomeric bearing with tapered shims |
US13/597,433 | 2012-08-29 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN103032462A CN103032462A (zh) | 2013-04-10 |
CN103032462B true CN103032462B (zh) | 2015-09-16 |
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CN201210376396.0A Expired - Fee Related CN103032462B (zh) | 2011-10-03 | 2012-09-29 | 具有渐缩垫片的弹性体轴承 |
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US (1) | US9327832B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2578493B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103032462B (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2790085C (zh) |
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- 2012-09-13 CA CA2790085A patent/CA2790085C/en active Active
- 2012-09-19 EP EP12185110.9A patent/EP2578493B1/en active Active
- 2012-09-19 EP EP13189561.7A patent/EP2690013B1/en active Active
- 2012-09-29 CN CN201210376396.0A patent/CN103032462B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2790085A1 (en) | 2013-04-03 |
US9327832B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
US20130084186A1 (en) | 2013-04-04 |
EP2578493B1 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
EP2578493A1 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
EP2690013A3 (en) | 2014-02-26 |
CN103032462A (zh) | 2013-04-10 |
EP2690013B1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
EP2690013A2 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
CA2790085C (en) | 2015-11-03 |
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