CN103030135A - Preparation method of antioxidant high-heat-conductivity foamy carbon material - Google Patents
Preparation method of antioxidant high-heat-conductivity foamy carbon material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103030135A CN103030135A CN2013100026295A CN201310002629A CN103030135A CN 103030135 A CN103030135 A CN 103030135A CN 2013100026295 A CN2013100026295 A CN 2013100026295A CN 201310002629 A CN201310002629 A CN 201310002629A CN 103030135 A CN103030135 A CN 103030135A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of an antioxidant high-heat-conductivity foamy carbon material, which belongs to the field of inorganic functional materials for heat management and is mainly applied to oxidation protection of foamy carbon. The preparation method comprises the following steps: with high-heat-conductivity foamy carbon as a framework, performing carbon coating treatment on a foam pore wall; and promoting reaction of the carbon coating and a silicon-containing active component to form a silicon carbide antioxidant coating. Compared with the pure foamy carbon material, the antioxidant high-heat-conductivity foamy carbon material prepared by the preparation method has the advantages as follows: the antioxidant performance at 800 DEG C is lower than or equal to 3*10-3 g/(s.cm<3>), the compressive strength is improved by more than twice, the volume heat conductivity is improved by more than 20%, and the aperture ratio is reduced by at most 20%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of anti-oxidant type high heat conducting foam carbon material, this invention belongs to heat management and uses the inorganic functional material field, is mainly used in the oxidation protection of foamy carbon.
Background technology
High heat conducting foam carbon is the porous thermal management materials that is prepared through technological processs such as foaming, carbonization, greyings by mesophase pitch, the open-celled structure that it is good and good heat-conductive characteristic make it have extraordinary Filled Dielectrics, pass through and exchange capability of heat, are the very high Novel hot management materials of using value.High heat conducting foam carbon be particularly suitable for using in the heat management system in the fields such as space flight, space flight, boats and ships, and the heat management system in some field need to be on active service in the high temperature aerobic environment because the specific heat conductance is very high.The foamy carbon material causes the consumption of material owing to just be very easy to oxidation in surpassing 300 ℃ well-oxygenated environment.The high heat conducting foam carbon material is formed by connecting by very thin hole wall, and when being on active service in well-oxygenated environment, hole wall very easily oxidation occurs and causes the thermal conduction path fracture, greatly reduces heat conductivility and the mechanical property of material.Therefore for the high heat conducting foam carbon material that uses in the high temperature aerobic environment, it is carried out antioxidation treatment be very important.
Document mainly comprises matrix modification and two kinds of methods of face coat for the antioxidation treatment that the foamy carbon material adopts.For the former, main by in the foamy carbon precursor, adding anti-oxidant constituent element, then form the foamy carbon material with anti-oxidant constituent element.This method is effective for the heat insulation foamy carbon material of using, and unfavorable for the high heat conducting foam carbon material, because the affiliation that adds of anti-oxidant constituent element affects the orientation of foamy carbon hole wall carbon-coating, thereby greatly reduces the thermal conductivity of foamy carbon, affects its heat conveyance performance.The top coat anti-oxidation method for the foamy carbon material that adopts in the document has mainly adopted the slurry cladding process with anti-oxidant constituent element to prepare oxidation resistant coating on the foamy carbon top layer, realizes the anti-oxidant of foamy carbon.The method can realize anti-oxidant for the foamy carbon with closed pores structure, and can not realize the fully anti-oxidant of material for the high heat conducting foam carbon material this method with high opening rate: oxidation resistant coating exists only in the foamy carbon surface, and the oxygen in the environment also can enter the oxidation that internal foam carbon is caused in inside by perforate.If the slurry filling pore is formed the continuous oxidation resistant coating in top layer, will lose Filled Dielectrics and the handling capacity of foamy carbon under arms the time, thereby lose the heat management function.If adopting slurry method fills, promote the foamy carbon in the internal void to form coating, hole that will filled and process carbon, cause declining to a great extent of porosity and percentage of open area, and can in forming coating procedure, corrode the foamy carbon hole wall, cause declining to a great extent of foamy carbon mechanical property and heat-conductive characteristic.So the anti-oxidation treatment method that document provides all can not provide effective antioxidant defense for high heat conducting foam carbon.
The technology of the present invention method overcomes the art methods deficiency, provides a kind of high heat conducting foam carbon of can effectively protecting not oxidized in the high temperature aerobic environment, and the anti-oxidation method that significantly improves of the over-all properties of material.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to that the high heat conducting foam carbon material in the high temperature aerobic environment oxidation occurs and the mechanics of materials strength degradation that causes and complement heat conduction performance reduce problem, overcome the deficiency of art methods, provide a kind of in the harmless method that forms oxidation resistant coating of foamy carbon hole wall, realize the military service of high heat conducting foam carbon material in the high temperature aerobic environment.
Take high heat conducting foam carbon as skeleton, foam cell walls is carried out carbon coating process, then promote carbon coating and silicon-containing active component reaction to form the silicon carbide oxidation resistant coating, concrete technical scheme is as follows:
1) cleaning of high heat conducting foam carbon: the high heat conducting foam carbon material is carried out clean, and the impurity in scumming carbon surface and the hole is opened pore channel;
2) high heat conducting foam carbon hole wall carbon coating: can adopt the chemical vapor infiltration method, also can adopt vacuum impregnation carbon source precursor (resin, pitch)/carbonizing treatment method to form carbon-coating at the foamy carbon hole wall, then at 〉=1500 ℃ of lower thermal treatment 〉=0.1h, forming thickness is the carbon coating of 0.5 μ m～100 μ m;
Can repeating step 2 in order to form continuous carbon coating);
3) silicon carbide oxidation resistant coating preparation: reaction mass is placed crucible bottom, place step 2 in the middle part of crucible) the high heat conducting foam carbon that obtains, high heat conducting foam carbon does not contact with reaction mass, place high-temperature vacuum furnace then to be warming up to reaction mass in crucible and can form the temperature that contains silicon vapor, insulation makes to contain silicon vapor and form silicon carbide by the foamy carbon hole and with carbon coating reaction on the hole wall;
Described reaction mass can produce and contain silicon vapor, and reaction mass is a kind of or its mixture in elemental silicon, silicon-dioxide, silane, the silane derivative;
The temperature of high-temperature vacuum furnace is relevant with the raw-material character that can form siliceous source of the gas with soaking time, but temperature should be in 1200 ℃～2000 ℃ scopes, with guarantee to form contain silicon vapor can with the foamy carbon hole wall on the reaction of carbon coating form silicon carbide, but can transient response do not cause the corrosion of foamy carbon skeleton; That the selection of soaking time need to guarantee to form is continuous, have certain thickness coat of silicon carbide, and the soaking time of optimization is 0.1h～10h.High-temperature vacuum furnace vacuumizes continuously or remains under certain vacuum tightness and carries out in the formation coating procedure, contains the formation of silicon vapor and contains the circulation of silicon vapor in the foamy carbon hole with further promotion.
In order further to improve the antioxidant effect of oxidation resistant coating, can or seal glaze and process in coat of silicon carbide surface continuation other coatings of preparation that obtain.
Beneficial effect
The anti-oxidant type high heat conducting foam carbon material that method of the present invention obtains is compared 800 ℃ of antioxidant property≤3 * 10 with the pure foam carbon material
-3G/ (s.cm
3), ultimate compression strength improves more than 2 times, and bulk thermal conductivity improves more than 20%, and percentage of open area descends and is no more than 20%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has provided vapor phase process and has prepared silicon carbide oxidation resistant coating synoptic diagram.Among the figure, 1 for forming the reaction mass of the siliceous steam of gas phase; 2 is the siliceous steam that forms in the coating preparation process; 3 for having passed through the high heat conducting foam carbon material that carbon coating is processed; 4 is the crucible body of splendid attire reaction system; 5 is crucible cover.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram that vapor phase process prepares the silicon carbide oxidation resistant coating, wherein, at the bottom of crucible placing response material 1, place high heat conducting foam material 3 in the middle part of crucible, what produce for reaction mass between reaction mass 1 and high heat conducting foam material 3 contains silicon vapor 2, and the crucible body 4 of crucible and crucible cover 5 are with seal cavity of crucible formation, at crucible cover 5 hole is arranged, the interior gas of crucible can be discharged.
Embodiment 1
1) adopting volume density is 0.30g/cm
3, percentage of open area is 92%, thermal conductivity is that 42W/ (m K), ultimate compression strength are that the foamy carbon of 0.3MPa is for strengthening object.Adopt ultrasonic cleaning process the high opening rate foamy carbon to be carried out clean, the chip in the scumming carbon hole;
2) adopt chemical vapor infiltration to prepare carbon coating, detailed process is as follows: carbon source is that propane, temperature are 1000 ℃, and depositing time is 50 hours, and the volume density of the coating foamy carbon material of acquisition is 0.40g/cm
3This material at 1800 ℃ of lower pyroprocessing 1h, is obtained the high heat conducting foam carbon material of carbon coating, and its volume density is 0.39 g/cm
3
3) mixed powder (volume ratio is as 1:1) take silicon and silicon-dioxide as the silicon source, is placed on crucible bottom, and then the foamy carbon with carbon coating places crucible bottom, is placed in the high-temperature vacuum furnace behind the cover lid.First High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus is vacuumized, after gauge pressure is lower than 0.1atm, stop to vacuumize, then be filled with rare gas element (argon gas) and to normal pressure, keep flowing of rare gas element.High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus is heated to 1600 ℃, naturally cooling behind the constant temperature 1.5h, acquisition has the anti-oxidant type high heat conducting foam carbon material of coat of silicon carbide.
After tested, the volume density of anti-oxidant type high heat conducting foam carbon material is 0.5 g/cm
3, thermal conductivity is 55 W/ (m K), and ultimate compression strength is 1.8MPa, and 800 ℃ of antioxidant properties are 2.2 * 10
-3G/ (s.cm
3), percentage of open area is 85%.
Embodiment 2
1) adopting volume density is 0.50g/cm
3, percentage of open area is 85%, thermal conductivity is that 80W/ (m K), ultimate compression strength are that the foamy carbon of 1.2MPa is for strengthening object.Adopt ultrasonic cleaning process the high opening rate foamy carbon to be carried out clean, the chip in the scumming carbon hole;
2) adopt chemical vapor infiltration to prepare carbon coating, detailed process is as follows: carbon source is that propane, temperature are 1000 ℃, and depositing time is 50 hours, and the volume density of the coating foamy carbon material of acquisition is 0.62g/cm
3This material at 1800 ℃ of lower pyroprocessing 1h, is obtained the high heat conducting foam carbon material of carbon coating, and its volume density is 0.60 g/cm
3
3) with silica flour as the silicon source, be placed on crucible bottom, then the foamy carbon with carbon coating places crucible bottom, is placed in the high-temperature vacuum furnace behind the cover lid.First High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus is vacuumized, after gauge pressure is lower than 0.1atm, stop to vacuumize, then be filled with rare gas element (argon gas) and to 0.6atm, keep vacuum state.High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus is heated to 1700 ℃, naturally cooling behind the constant temperature 1h, acquisition has the anti-oxidant type high heat conducting foam carbon material of coat of silicon carbide.Then take silicon sol as the packing agent coat of silicon carbide that forms is carried out the vacuum impregnation packing, form the anti-oxidant type high heat conducting foam carbon material of silicon-dioxide packing coat of silicon carbide.
After tested, the volume density of the anti-oxidant type high heat conducting foam carbon material of silicon-dioxide packing is 0.75 g/cm
3, thermal conductivity is 100 W/ (m K), and ultimate compression strength is 5.2MPa, and 800 ℃ of antioxidant property antioxidant properties are 0.8 * 10
-3G/ (s.cm
3), percentage of open area is 76%.
Embodiment 3
1) adopting volume density is 0.50g/cm
3, percentage of open area is 85%, thermal conductivity is that 80W/ (m K), ultimate compression strength are that the foamy carbon of 1.2MPa is for strengthening object.Adopt ultrasonic cleaning process the high opening rate foamy carbon to be carried out clean, the chip in the scumming carbon hole;
2) adopting mid-temperature pitch is that precursor adopts vacuum impregnation/carborization to prepare carbon coating, detailed process is as follows: take softening temperature as 78 ℃ medium temperature coal pitch as precursor, (foamy carbon is suppressed with graphite cake pitch to be injected the container of splendid attire foamy carbon when 120 ℃ of molten states, prevent that it is floating in pitch), after liquid level is higher than the enough height in foamy carbon surface, this system is carried out the heating, vacuum dipping, vacuum tightness is 0.1atm, and the hold-time is 3h.After vacuum impregnation is finished, foamy carbon is taken out, then carry out unsettled heating (120 ℃), the unnecessary pitch melting in the hole is flowed out.Again foamy carbon is heated 3h in 150 ℃ loft drier, afterwards in carbide furnace in 1000 ℃ of lower thermal treatment 1h, then take out in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus in 1800 ℃ of lower pyroprocessing 1h, obtain the high heat conducting foam carbon material of carbon coating, its volume density is 0.54 g/cm
3Repeat to obtain behind said process the high heat conducting foam carbon material of carbon coating, volume density is 0.58 g/cm
3
3) as the silicon source, be placed on crucible bottom take Polycarbosilane, silica flour and silicon-dioxide compound (weight ratio is as 1:2:2), then the foamy carbon with carbon coating places crucible bottom, is placed in the high-temperature vacuum furnace behind the cover lid.First High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus is vacuumized, after gauge pressure is lower than 0.1atm, stop to vacuumize, then be filled with rare gas element (argon gas) and to 0.6atm, keep vacuum state.High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus is heated to first 1000 ℃, 1 hour post-heating to 1600 of constant temperature ℃, naturally cooling behind the constant temperature 1h obtains to have the anti-oxidant type high heat conducting foam carbon material of coat of silicon carbide.Then take silicon sol as the packing agent coat of silicon carbide that forms is carried out the vacuum impregnation packing, form the anti-oxidant type high heat conducting foam carbon material of silicon-dioxide packing coat of silicon carbide.
After tested, the volume density of the anti-oxidant type high heat conducting foam carbon material of silicon-dioxide packing is 0.71 g/cm
3, thermal conductivity is 97 W/ (m K), and ultimate compression strength is 3.8MPa, and 800 ℃ of antioxidant property antioxidant properties are 1.5 * 10
-3G/ (s.cm
3), percentage of open area is 78%.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method of an anti-oxidant type high heat conducting foam carbon material is characterized in that step comprises:
1) cleaning of high heat conducting foam carbon: the high heat conducting foam carbon material is carried out clean;
2) high heat conducting foam carbon hole wall carbon coating: adopt vacuum impregnation carbon source precursor/carbonizing treatment method to form carbon-coating at the foamy carbon hole wall, then at 〉=1500 ℃ of lower thermal treatment 〉=0.1h, forming thickness is the carbon coating of 0.5 μ m～100 μ m;
3) silicon carbide oxidation resistant coating preparation: reaction mass is placed crucible bottom, place step 2 in the middle part of crucible) the high heat conducting foam carbon that obtains, high heat conducting foam carbon does not contact with reaction mass, place high-temperature vacuum furnace then to be warming up to reaction mass in crucible and can form the temperature that contains silicon vapor, insulation, make to contain silicon vapor and form silicon carbide by the foamy carbon hole and with carbon coating reaction on the hole wall, obtain anti-oxidant type high heat conducting foam carbon material;
Described reaction mass can produce and contain silicon vapor.
2. the preparation method of a kind of anti-oxidant type high heat conducting foam carbon material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 2) in adopt the chemical vapor infiltration method to form carbon-coating at the foamy carbon hole wall, then at 〉=1500 ℃ of lower thermal treatment 〉=0.1h, forming thickness is the carbon coating of 0.5 μ m～100 μ m.
3. the preparation method of a kind of anti-oxidant type high heat conducting foam carbon material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: step 2) described in precursor be resin or pitch.
4. the preparation method of a kind of anti-oxidant type high heat conducting foam carbon material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: repeating step 2).
5. the preparation method of a kind of anti-oxidant type high heat conducting foam carbon material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: reaction mass is a kind of or its mixture in elemental silicon, silicon-dioxide, silane, the silane derivative in the step 3).
6. the preparation method of a kind of anti-oxidant type high heat conducting foam carbon material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: continue other coatings of preparation or seal the glaze processing on the coat of silicon carbide surface that obtains.
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| CN104250107A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Method for in-situ synthesis of Si3N4 coating on carbon foam surface |
| CN104651789A (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2015-05-27 | 鞠云 | Preparation process of novel C/Si film |
| CN107504325A (en) * | 2017-07-29 | 2017-12-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of preparation method of high temperature VIP composites |
| CN114249314A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2022-03-29 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | High-porosity three-dimensional connected structure foam carbon and preparation method thereof |
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