CN103020713A

CN103020713A - Intelligent substation fault diagnosis method combining topology and relay protection logic

Info

Publication number: CN103020713A
Application number: CN2012104700780A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高湛军; 陈青; 聂德桢; 王磊
Original assignee: Shandong University
Current assignee: Shandong University
Priority date: 2012-11-19
Filing date: 2012-11-19
Publication date: 2013-04-03

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent substation fault diagnosis method combining topology and relay protection logic. The intelligent substation fault diagnosis method combining the topology and the relay protection logic comprises the following steps of: analyzing network topology modeling processes of a primary system and a secondary system of an intelligent substation; equivalently replacing all groups with a node quantity of 3 by a group node; simplifying an undirected graph; providing a logical inference method in fit with a Petri net principle according to an extension coefficient, a transition function and a transition function; searching logical relation of the primary system and the secondary system by using the entire intelligent substation system as a whole body; and carrying out a fault diagnosis reasoning process through the logical relation of the primary system and the secondary system. The intelligent substation fault diagnosis method is applied to the fault diagnosis reasoning of an intelligent substation, has the advantages of simple, efficient and rapid network topology constructing and searching process, practical fault diagnosis process and accurate result, and can be used for laying a good foundation for operations, such as fault diagnosis and the like, of the intelligent substation.

Description

A Fault Diagnosis Method for Intelligent Substation Combining Topology and Relay Protection Logic

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及一种变电站故障诊断判断方法，尤其涉及一种结合拓扑与继电保护逻辑的智能变电站故障诊断方法。 The invention relates to a substation fault diagnosis and judgment method, in particular to an intelligent substation fault diagnosis method combining topology and relay protection logic. the

背景技术 Background technique

变电站作为电力系统中输配电的重要枢纽，其故障诊断与事故处理对提高电力系统安全可靠性、预防恶性停电事故具有重要意义。 As an important hub of power transmission and distribution in the power system, the substation's fault diagnosis and accident handling are of great significance to improve the safety and reliability of the power system and prevent malignant power outages. the

变电站智能化之后，其二次系统结构和形态与常规变电站相比发生革命性变化，常规变电站中二次回路采用硬接线，这种物理接线与变电站的功能配置以及功能之间信息或信号的输入输出存在一一对应的映射关系，因此具有物理实体的二次接线是常规变电站二次系统的表现形式，通过二次接线的检测可以监测和分析变电站故障。智能变电站二次系统则表现为物理的通信网络承载功能逻辑信号，常规二次回路变为通信网络，信号之间的连接变为虚拟端子和虚拟回路。网络物理拓扑与功能信息及信号的输入输出之间不再存在一一对应关系，基于二次电气回路的故障检测和分析方法完全无法应用于智能变电站，导致对智能变电站故障检测和分析等业务很难开展。由此可见，智能变电站二次系统结构的变化及其对管理和维护手段的自动化和智能化要求提高，传统的故障诊断和评估方法在诊断深度和诊断方法上已不能满足变电站智能化运行的需求。但同时二次系统网络化也为实现更加高效、全面、深入的变电站故障诊断和评估方法提供了机会和实现手段。现有的变电站输变电设备故障诊断模型大多仅涉及一次系统的故障元件定位，二次系统故障诊断鲜有涉及，且利用智能变电站一次系统、二次系统网络拓扑及逻辑关联相结合方法进行故障诊断推理，至今尚未形成系统理论。 After the substation is intelligentized, its secondary system structure and form have undergone revolutionary changes compared with conventional substations. The secondary circuit in conventional substations uses hard wiring. This physical wiring is related to the functional configuration of the substation and the input of information or signals between functions. There is a one-to-one mapping relationship between the output, so the secondary wiring with physical entities is the manifestation of the secondary system of the conventional substation. Through the detection of the secondary wiring, the substation fault can be monitored and analyzed. The secondary system of the smart substation is represented by a physical communication network carrying functional logic signals, the conventional secondary circuit becomes a communication network, and the connection between signals becomes a virtual terminal and a virtual circuit. There is no longer a one-to-one correspondence between the network physical topology and the input and output of functional information and signals. The fault detection and analysis method based on the secondary electrical circuit cannot be applied to the smart substation at all, which makes it very difficult for smart substation fault detection and analysis. Difficult to develop. It can be seen that the changes in the structure of the secondary system of smart substations and the improvement of automation and intelligence requirements for management and maintenance methods, the traditional fault diagnosis and evaluation methods can no longer meet the needs of intelligent operation of substations in terms of diagnosis depth and diagnosis methods . But at the same time, the networking of the secondary system also provides an opportunity and means to realize a more efficient, comprehensive and in-depth substation fault diagnosis and evaluation method. Most of the existing fault diagnosis models for power transmission and transformation equipment in substations only involve the location of faulty components in the primary system, and rarely involve fault diagnosis in the secondary system. Diagnostic reasoning has not yet formed a systematic theory. the

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明的目的就是为了解决上述问题，提供一种智能变电站故障诊断判断方法，它具有过程简单、快速实用，为智能变电站故障诊断奠定良好基础的优点。 The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide a fault diagnosis and judgment method for intelligent substations, which has the advantages of simple process, fast and practical, and lays a good foundation for fault diagnosis of intelligent substations. the

为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案： In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

一种结合拓扑与继电保护逻辑的智能变电站故障诊断方法，具体步骤为： A smart substation fault diagnosis method combining topology and relay protection logic, the specific steps are:

步骤一：将一次设备、二次装置、网络设备中的各个元件分别映射为节点，形成反映智能变电站物理拓扑连接的无向图I； Step 1: Map each element in the primary equipment, secondary equipment, and network equipment to nodes to form an undirected graph I that reflects the physical topology connection of the smart substation;

步骤二：在无向图I中查找所有节点数为3及以上的团，并将其分别等效替换成一个团节点，替换后形成无向图II； Step 2: Find all cliques with 3 or more nodes in the undirected graph I, and replace them with a clique node equivalently, and form an undirected graph II after replacement;

步骤三：对无向图II从任一起点开始广度优先搜索，途中按节点及团节点搜索的先后顺序进行连接形成有向弧； Step 3: Start a breadth-first search for the undirected graph II from any starting point, and connect the nodes and group nodes according to the order of search on the way to form a directed arc;

步骤四：搜索的终点为电源、负载馈线及网络叶节点设备，搜索完成后生成连接树T； Step 4: The end point of the search is the power supply, load feeder and network leaf node equipment, and the connection tree T is generated after the search is completed;

步骤五：对连接树T中的团节点按照其三边访问的先后顺序，生成原团的连接树，将团节点进行替换，最终形成连接树II； Step 5: Generate the connection tree of the original group for the group nodes in the connection tree T according to the order of their three-side access, replace the group nodes, and finally form the connection tree II;

步骤六：将连接树II描述的一次设备、二次装置及其物理连接关系，映射到Petri网中，形成各自的库所，同时形成故障诊断的Petri网模型； Step 6: Map the primary equipment, secondary devices and their physical connection relationship described in the connection tree II to the Petri net to form their respective warehouses, and at the same time form a Petri net model for fault diagnosis;

步骤七：形成故障诊断的Petri网模型后，Petri网故障诊断模型按照收到的保护动作信息、断路器动作信息和相关节点电流电压采样值，将此信息以托肯的形式布入相关的继电保护装置及断路器库所； Step 7: After forming the Petri net model for fault diagnosis, the Petri net fault diagnosis model distributes this information in the form of Tokens into relevant relays according to the received protection action information, circuit breaker action information and relevant node current and voltage sampling values. Electric protection device and circuit breaker warehouse;

步骤八：定义延展系数、跃迁函数及转移函数； Step 8: Define the expansion coefficient, transition function and transfer function;

步骤八：在托肯跃迁的诊断过程中，通过延展系数、跃迁函数、转移函数来配合Petri网的逻辑推理，得到最终的故障诊断结果，定位故障的一次设备。 Step 8: In the diagnosis process of the Token transition, through the expansion coefficient, transition function, and transfer function to cooperate with the logical reasoning of the Petri net, the final fault diagnosis result is obtained, and the faulty primary equipment is located. the

所述步骤二中的团为变电站内部存在3/2接线等复杂一次接线方式时，抑或通信网络存在双环网等复杂拓扑时，在关联图中将表现为的环形子图，将这种环形子图用“团”结构表示，“团结构”定义为在无向图IIG(V，E)中存在的顶点子集顶点集合V，顶点子集V’中含有的元素个数｜V’｜=正整数J且在V’中任意两顶点都有G(V，E)中的边关联E，“团”用于将复杂的环结构解耦为辐射状树形结构。 When the group in the step 2 is a complex primary wiring mode such as 3/2 wiring in the substation, or when there is a complex topology such as a double-ring network in the communication network, it will be represented as a ring subgraph in the association diagram, and this ring subgraph The graph is represented by a "cluster" structure, which is defined as the subset of vertices that exist in the undirected graph IIG(V,E) The vertex set V, the number of elements contained in the vertex subset V'｜V'｜=positive integer J and any two vertices in V' have the edge association E in G(V, E), and the "cluster" is used for Decouple complex ring structures into radial tree structures.

所述步骤六中所述Petri网是通过一个四元组（S(t)，T_t，F，M₀）描述一个动态逻辑网，其中S(t)的元素称为库所，库所表示相应元件的初始或可能存在的中间状态；T_t的元素称为变迁，变迁表示欲使库所中布入托肯所满足的条件，系统的动态行为通过托肯在库所汇总的分布变化来反映，而托肯数目的变化是通过变迁的触发实现的；F描述Petri网的流关系，通过有向边表示；向量M₀表示Petri网的初始标识，初始标识即有托肯的相应库所对应元素所组成的向量。 The Petri net described in step 6 describes a dynamic logic network through a quadruple (S(t), T _t , F, M ₀ ), where the element of S(t) is called a place, and the place represents The initial or possible intermediate state of the corresponding element; the element of T _t is called transition, and the transition represents the condition to be satisfied by placing Tokens in the place, and the dynamic behavior of the system is reflected by the change in the distribution of Tokens in the place , and the change of the number of tokens is realized by triggering transitions; F describes the flow relationship of the Petri net, represented by directed edges; the vector M ₀ represents the initial identification of the Petri net, and the initial identification corresponds to the corresponding store of the token A vector of elements.

所述步骤六的具体步骤为： The concrete steps of described step six are:

（6-1）将连接树映射到Petri网时，将一次设备、二次继电保护装置及其逻辑信息号映射为Petri网中的库所，在图中用圆圈表示； (6-1) When mapping the connection tree to the Petri net, map the primary equipment, the secondary relay protection device and its logical information number as the place in the Petri net, which is represented by a circle in the figure;

（6-2）库所根据连接树描述的拓扑关系和保护在整定时间上的配合关系进行优先级排序；当某个库所有托肯时，表示该分支方向上的保护最终动作，对于每一个分支，均是按照保护、断路器在时空方向上的逻辑配合来实现库所和变迁配置，形成故障诊断的Petri网模型。 (6-2) The place performs priority sorting according to the topological relationship described by the connection tree and the cooperation relationship of the protection in the setting time; when a certain storehouse has all Tokens, it indicates the final action of the protection in the direction of the branch, for each Branches are based on the logical cooperation of protection and circuit breakers in the space-time direction to realize the location and transition configuration, forming a Petri net model for fault diagnosis. the

（6-3）在图形上，库所S(t)用圆圈表示，变迁T_t用竖线表示，流关系用带箭头的弧表示，托肯用库所中的小黑点表示。 (6-3) Graphically, the place S(t) is represented by a circle, the transition T _t is represented by a vertical line, the flow relationship is represented by an arc with an arrow, and the token is represented by a small black dot in the place.

所述步骤八中的延展系数：在诊断过程中，为了在继电保护装置整定原则或电网的运行方式发生变化时，能够动态的表示继电保护装置与一次设备的关联情况，将继电保护保护装置的保护范围量化为一个常数n，常数n为延展系数； The expansion coefficient in the eighth step: during the diagnosis process, in order to dynamically express the relationship between the relay protection device and the primary equipment when the setting principle of the relay protection device or the operation mode of the power grid changes, the relay protection The protection range of the protection device is quantified as a constant n, and the constant n is the extension coefficient;

所述跃迁函数：为了计算不同优先级保护或存在配合逻辑的保护在Petri网每一条分支上动作的可信度，定义一个跃迁函数，跃迁函数以单个继电保护装置和一次设备的置信度作为变量，跃迁函数的定义如式（1）： The transition function: in order to calculate the credibility of different priority protections or protections with coordination logic on each branch of the Petri net, a transition function is defined, and the transition function takes the confidence of a single relay protection device and primary equipment as variable, the definition of the transition function is as formula (1):

${δ δ}_{i i}^{' '} = = k k (({δ δ}_{11},, . . . . . .,, {δ δ}_{22},, {δ δ}_{CB CB})) = = {δ δ}_{CB CB} {δ δ}_{i i} {Π Π}_{j j = = 00}^{i i - - 11} ((11 - - {δ δ}_{j j})) - - - - - - ((11))$

该函数中i和j为继电保护装置的序号，δ_i、δ_j分别为继电保护装置i和j的置信度，δ_CB为断路器置信度，δ_i'为保护i相对于一次设备的置信度，并规定δ₀＝0，当断路器库所或继电保护库所未布入托肯，相应的δ_i和δ_j为零，最终得到的δ_i′表明了某个继电保护动作时，哪个一次设备的故障概率最高。 In this function, i and j are the serial numbers of the relay protection devices, δ _i and δ _j are the confidence degrees of the relay protection devices i and j respectively, δ _CB is the confidence degree of the circuit breaker, and δ _i ' is the protection i relative to the primary equipment The confidence degree of δ ₀ = 0, when the circuit breaker place or the relay protection place is not placed in the token, the corresponding δ _i and δ _j are zero, and the final δ _i ′ indicates a certain relay protection When operating, which primary device has the highest failure probability.

所述转移函数包括逻辑信号转移函数和故障元件转移函数，在诊断过程中，变电站的逻辑配合会出现以下情况：某个继电保护装置的逻辑输出需要多个装置的逻辑输入决定；多套继电保护装置共同作用，切除故障元件；这种知识在Petri网中表现为跃迁具有多个同类库所托肯输入，因此定义了转移函数。 The transfer function includes a logic signal transfer function and a fault element transfer function. During the diagnosis process, the logic coordination of the substation will have the following situations: the logic output of a certain relay protection device needs to be determined by the logic input of multiple devices; The electrical protection devices work together to cut off the faulty element; this knowledge is represented in the Petri net as a transition with multiple homogeneous Placetoken inputs, thus defining the transfer function. the

所述逻辑信号转移函数： The logic signal transfer function:

${δ δ}_{i i} = = {f f}_{11} ((δ δ)) = = {f f}_{11} (({δ δ}_{11}^{' '},, . . . . . .,, {δ δ}_{n no}^{' '})) = = {Π Π}_{i i = = 11}^{n no} {δ δ}_{i i}^{' '} - - - - - - ((22))$

所述故障元件转移函数为： The fault element transfer function is:

${δ δ}_{t t} = = {f f}_{22} ((δ δ)) = = {f f}_{22} (({δ δ}_{11}^{' '},, . . . . . .,, {δ δ}_{n no}^{' '})) = = 11 - - {Π Π}_{i i = = 11}^{n no} ((11 - - {δ δ}_{i i}^{' '})) - - - - - - ((33))$

其中，i为继电保护装置的序号，i大于等于1小于等于n，n为延展系数，δ_i′为保护i相对于元件的置信度，δ_t为可疑设备发生故障的可信度，δ为集合(δ₁′,...,δ_n′)。 Among them, i is the serial number of the relay protection device, i is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, n is the expansion coefficient, δ _i ′ is the confidence degree of protection i relative to the component, δ _t is the reliability of suspicious equipment failure, δ is the set (δ ₁ ′,...,δ _n ′).

本发明的有益效果： Beneficial effects of the present invention:

本发明基于网络拓扑结构及功能逻辑知识，利用Petri网理论提出了一种智能变电站故障诊断推理方法，提出了使用团节点代替环形复杂拓扑结构简化无向图的方法，扩展了基于拓扑结构的故障诊断方法的应用范围；提出了结合除继电保护装置故障报文以的通信网络拓扑结构信息等进行智能变电站故障推理的方法，信息利用率的提升提高了故障诊断的精确度；定义跃迁函数计算不同优先级保护或存在配合逻辑的保护在Petri网每一条分支上动作的可信度，定义了转移函数解决跃迁具有多个同类库所托肯输入，以此与Petri网理论相配合，扩展了逻辑推理的应用范围。 Based on network topology and functional logic knowledge, the present invention uses Petri net theory to propose a fault diagnosis and reasoning method for intelligent substations, and proposes a method for simplifying undirected graphs by using group nodes instead of ring-shaped complex topological structures, and expands faults based on topological structures The scope of application of the diagnostic method; a method for intelligent substation fault reasoning based on communication network topology information other than relay protection device fault messages is proposed, and the improvement of information utilization improves the accuracy of fault diagnosis; definition of transition function calculation The reliability of the actions of different priority protections or protections with coordination logic on each branch of the Petri net is defined. The transfer function solves the transition and has multiple similar places. The scope of application of logical reasoning. the

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1（a）为变电站典型界限方式； Figure 1(a) is a typical boundary method of a substation;

图1（b）为变电站中包含三边团的无向图I； Figure 1(b) is an undirected graph I containing a triangular clique in a substation;

图1（c）变电站中化简后的无向图II； Figure 1(c) Simplified undirected graph II in the substation;

图1（d）为变电站中对应的连接树； Figure 1(d) is the corresponding connection tree in the substation;

图2（a）为变电站通信网络系统图； Figure 2(a) is a diagram of the substation communication network system;

图2（b）为变电站通信网络对应的连接树； Figure 2(b) is the connection tree corresponding to the substation communication network;

图3为变电站一二次系统的功能逻辑配合模型。 Figure 3 is the functional logic coordination model of the primary and secondary system of the substation. the

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步说明。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. the

以图1（a）所示的变电站主接线为例，其中包含典型3/2断路器接线，采用“团”结构解环的思路如下： Taking the main wiring of the substation shown in Figure 1(a) as an example, which includes typical 3/2 circuit breaker wiring, the idea of using the "group" structure to solve the loop is as follows:

步骤一：将一次设备、二次装置、网络设备映射为节点，形成反映智能变电站物理拓扑连接的无向图，如图1（b）所示； Step 1: Map the primary equipment, secondary equipment, and network equipment into nodes to form an undirected graph reflecting the physical topology connection of the smart substation, as shown in Figure 1(b);

步骤二：对无向图中的所有复杂的环结构进行解环操作，其方法为查找所有节点数为3的团，并将其分别等效替换成一个团节点，替换后形成无向图； Step 2: Carry out ring-solving operations on all complex ring structures in the undirected graph. The method is to find all cliques with 3 nodes, and replace them with a clique node equivalently, and form an undirected graph after replacement;

查找所有节点数为3的团，并将其分别等效替换成一个团节点，替换后的无向图如图1（c）所示； Find all cliques with 3 nodes, and replace them with a clique node equivalently. The undirected graph after replacement is shown in Figure 1(c);

步骤三：对无向图从任一起点开始进行广度优先搜索，搜索的终点为电源、负载馈线及网络叶节点设备，途中按节点搜索的先后顺序进行连接，形成有向弧，生成连接树T； Step 3: Perform a breadth-first search on the undirected graph from any starting point, and the end point of the search is the power supply, load feeder and network leaf node equipment, and connect according to the order of node search on the way to form a directed arc and generate a connection tree T ;

步骤四：对T中的团节点按照其三边访问的先后顺序，生成原团的连接树，将团节点进行替换，最终形成反映智能变电站物理拓扑连接的简单连接树，如图1（d）。 Step 4: Generate the connection tree of the original group for the group nodes in T according to the order of their three-side access, replace the group nodes, and finally form a simple connection tree reflecting the physical topology connection of the smart substation, as shown in Figure 1(d) . the

变电站通信网络也采用同样方法，图2（a）是图1（a）中变电站的通信网络拓扑，该通信网络将500kV线路保护、母线保护，110kV线路保护、母线保护，变压器差动保护以及断路器失灵保护等二次装置通过4台交换机连接成非冗余星形网，同样可以采用有向关联图对其进行拓扑描述，化简后的连接树如图2（b）所示，若存在多环网等复杂网络拓扑，同样可以采用“图”分解法处理通过这种方法，可以将复杂拓扑化简，形成可用的拓扑知识表达和快速的拓扑搜索方法。 The substation communication network also adopts the same method. Figure 2(a) is the communication network topology of the substation in Figure 1(a). The communication network integrates 500kV line protection, bus protection, 110kV line protection, bus protection, transformer differential protection and open circuit Secondary devices such as device failure protection are connected into a non-redundant star network through 4 switches, and a directed association graph can also be used to describe its topology. The simplified connection tree is shown in Figure 2(b). If there is Complex network topologies such as multi-ring networks can also be processed using the "graph" decomposition method. Through this method, complex topologies can be simplified to form usable topology knowledge expressions and fast topology search methods. the

步骤五：将连接树描述的一次设备、二次继电保护装置及其物理连接关系，映射到Petri网模型中，其中一次设备、二次装置的映射形成库所，在图中用圆圈表示。 Step 5: Map the primary equipment, secondary relay protection devices and their physical connection relationship described in the connection tree to the Petri net model, where the mapping of primary equipment and secondary devices forms a place, which is represented by a circle in the figure. the

Petri网是通过一个四元组（S(t)，T_t，F，M₀）描述一个动态逻辑网，其中S(t)的元素称为库所，库所表示相应元件的初始或可能存在的中间状态；T_t的元素称为变迁，变迁表示欲使库所中布入托肯所满足的条件，系统的动态行为通过托肯在库所汇总的分布变化来反映，而托肯数目的变化是通过变迁的点火实现的；F描述网的流关系，通过有向边表示；向量M₀表示Petri网的初始标识，初始标识即有托肯的相应库所对应元素所组成的向量。 A Petri net describes a dynamic logic network through a quadruple (S(t), T _t , F, M ₀ ), where the element of S(t) is called a place, and the place represents the initial or possible existence of the corresponding element The elements of T _t are called transitions, and transitions represent the conditions to be satisfied by placing Tokens in the warehouse. The dynamic behavior of the system is reflected by the changes in the distribution of Tokens in the warehouses, and the change in the number of Tokens It is realized through the ignition of transition; F describes the flow relationship of the network, and is represented by directed edges; the vector M ₀ represents the initial identification of the Petri net, and the initial identification is a vector composed of elements corresponding to corresponding places of Tokens.

将连接树映射到Petri网模型时，将一次设备、二次继电保护装置及其逻辑信息号映射为Petri网中的库所，库所根据前述的连接树描述的拓扑关系和保护在整定时间上的配合关系进行优先级排序。当某个库所有托肯时，表示该分支方向上的保护最终动作，对于每一个分支，均是按照保护、断路器在时空方向上的逻辑配合来实现库所和变迁配置，形成故障诊断的Petri网模型。在图形上，库所S(t)用圆圈表示，变迁Tt用竖线表示，流关系用带箭头的弧表示，托肯用库所中的小黑点表示。 When mapping the connection tree to the Petri net model, the primary equipment, secondary relay protection devices and their logical information numbers are mapped to the places in the Petri net. Prioritize the coordination relationship above. When there are all Tokens in a library, it means the final protection action in the direction of the branch. For each branch, the location and transition configuration are realized according to the logical cooperation of protection and circuit breakers in the direction of time and space, forming a fault diagnosis Petri net model. Graphically, the place S(t) is represented by a circle, the transition Tt is represented by a vertical line, the flow relationship is represented by an arc with an arrow, and the token is represented by a small black dot in the place. the

假设图1（a）变电站L2故障，断路器失灵保护动作，其对应的逻辑过程用Petri网描述如图3所示，将图3系统中的一次设备、二次继电保护装置及其逻辑信息号映射为库所，库所根据关联树的拓扑关系和保护在整定时间上的配合关系进行排序。 Assuming that the substation L2 in Figure 1(a) is faulty and the circuit breaker fails to protect the action, the corresponding logical process is described by Petri net as shown in Figure 3, and the primary equipment, secondary relay protection devices and their logical information in the system in Figure 3 are The number is mapped to the place, and the place is sorted according to the topological relationship of the association tree and the coordination relationship of the protection in the setting time. the

步骤六：形成故障诊断的Petri网模型后，诊断模型按照收到的保护动作信息、断路器动作信息和相关节点电流电压采样值，并将此信息以托肯的形式布入相关的继电保护装置及断路器库所。 Step 6: After the Petri net model of fault diagnosis is formed, the diagnosis model is based on the received protection action information, circuit breaker action information and related node current and voltage sampling values, and this information is distributed into the relevant relay in the form of tokens Protection device and circuit breaker warehouse. the

变电站中，各种继电保护装置通过不同原理和整定原则来计算各自的保护范围。用以表示保护能够作用到的电气元件。在诊断过程中，为了在继电保护装置整定原则或电网的运行方式发生变化时，能够动态的表示继电保护装置与一次设备的关联情况，本方法将继电保护保护装置的保护范围量化为一个常数n（本方法中称为延展系数）。继电保护装置与一次设备的关联关系可通过调用n步连接树得到。如果跃迁是线路变迁集所触发，则该继电保护装置的延展系数n自动减1，当延展系数为零时该托肯停止跃迁，最后通过判断终点库所中是否布入托肯来判断故障元件。 In substations, various relay protection devices calculate their respective protection ranges through different principles and setting principles. It is used to indicate the electrical components that the protection can act on. In the diagnosis process, in order to dynamically express the relationship between the relay protection device and the primary equipment when the setting principle of the relay protection device or the operation mode of the power grid changes, this method quantifies the protection range of the relay protection device as A constant n (called the spread factor in this method). The association relationship between the relay protection device and the primary equipment can be obtained by calling the n-step connection tree. If the transition is triggered by the line transition set, the expansion coefficient n of the relay protection device will be automatically reduced by 1, and the token will stop transitioning when the expansion coefficient is zero, and finally the faulty element will be judged by judging whether the token is deployed in the terminal warehouse . the

同时，为了计算不同优先级保护（如主保护、后备保护）或存在配合逻辑的保护（如线路保护和与之配合的断路器失灵保护）在Petri网每一条分支上动作的可信度，本方法定义了一个跃迁函数，该函数以单个继电保护装置和一次设备的置信度作为变量，其定义如式（1）： At the same time, in order to calculate the reliability of different priority protections (such as main protection, backup protection) or protections with coordination logic (such as line protection and the corresponding circuit breaker failure protection) on each branch of the Petri net, this paper The method defines a transition function, which takes the confidence of a single relay protection device and primary equipment as a variable, and its definition is as formula (1):

该函数中δ_i、δ_j分别为继电保护装置i和j的置信度，δ_CB为断路器置信度，δ_i′为继电保护装置i相对于一次设备的置信度，并规定δ₀＝0，当断路器库所或继电保护库所未布入托肯（即继电保护和断路器都未动作），相应的δ_i和δ_j为零。最终得到的δ_i′表明了某个继电保护动作时，哪个一次设备的故障概率最高。 In this function, δ _i and δ _j are the confidence degrees of relay protection devices i and j respectively, δ _CB is the confidence degree of circuit breaker, δ _i ′ is the confidence degree of relay protection device i relative to primary equipment, and δ ₀ = 0, when the circuit breaker location or the relay protection location is not placed in the token (that is, neither the relay protection nor the circuit breaker operates), the corresponding δ _i and δ _j are zero. The final δ _i ′ indicates which primary device has the highest failure probability when a certain relay protection operates.

此外，在诊断过程中，变电站的逻辑配合会出现以下情况：某个继电保护装置的逻辑输出需要多个装置的逻辑输入决定；多套继电保护装置共同作用，切除故障元件（如双端量保护高压输电线路纵联保护等）；这种知识在Petri网中表现为跃迁具有多个同类库所托肯输入，本方法定义一个转移函数δ_t来表征，定义如式（2）和（3）所示： In addition, during the diagnosis process, the logic coordination of substations will have the following situations: the logic output of a certain relay protection device needs to be determined by the logic input of multiple devices; multiple sets of relay protection devices work together to remove faulty components (such as double-ended Quantitative protection of high-voltage transmission line longitudinal protection, etc.); this kind of knowledge is manifested in the Petri net as the transition has multiple similar places and Token inputs. This method defines a transfer function δ _t to represent it, and the definition is as in formula (2) and ( 3) As shown:

逻辑信号转移函数： Logical signal transfer function:

故障元件转移函数： $δ_{t} = f_{2} (δ) = f_{2} ({δ_{1}}^{'}, . . ., {δ_{n}}^{'}) = 1 - Π_{i = 1}^{n} (1 - δ_{i}^{'}) - - - (3)$ Fault element transfer function: $δ_{t} = f_{2} (δ) = f_{2} ({δ_{1}}^{'}, . . ., {δ_{no}}^{'}) = 1 - Π_{i = 1}^{no} (1 - δ_{i}^{'}) - - - (3)$

其中，δ_i'为继电保护装置i相对于元件的置信度，δ_t为可疑设备发生故障的可信度。在模型中，可根据继电保护和断路器库所的托肯布入情况，跃迁函数和转移函数计算值确定继电保护或断路器是否正确动作，是否存在误动、拒动。设备是否为故障设备通过跃迁函数和转移函数计算的故障可信度值最终认定。 Among them, δ _i ' is the confidence degree of relay protection device i relative to the element, and δ _t is the reliability degree of suspicious equipment failure. In the model, it can be determined whether the relay protection or circuit breaker operates correctly, and whether there is any malfunction or refusal according to the Token insertion situation of the relay protection and circuit breaker storehouse, the calculated value of the transition function and the transfer function. Whether the device is a faulty device is finally identified through the fault credibility value calculated by the transition function and the transfer function.

在托肯跃迁的诊断过程中，通过上述延展系数、跃迁函数、转移函数来配合Petri网的逻辑推理，得到最终的故障诊断结果，定位故障的一次设备。 In the diagnosis process of the Token transition, through the above-mentioned extension coefficient, transition function, and transfer function to cooperate with the logical reasoning of the Petri net, the final fault diagnosis result is obtained, and the faulty primary equipment is located. the

图3为变电站一二次系统的功能逻辑配合模型，图3中，1至6代表断路器，B1、B2为母线，a为线路L2保护动作；b为线路L2过电流；c为断路器失灵保护启动；d为B2母线复合电压动作；e为断路器失灵保护跳闸。 Figure 3 is the functional logic coordination model of the primary and secondary system of the substation. In Figure 3, 1 to 6 represent circuit breakers, B1 and B2 are busbars, a is the protection action of line L2; b is the overcurrent of line L2; c is the failure of the circuit breaker Protection start; d is B2 bus composite voltage action; e is circuit breaker failure protection trip. the

上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。 Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention. the

Claims

1. A method for fault diagnosis of intelligent substations combining topology and relay protection logic, characterized in that the specific steps are:

Step 1: Map each element in the primary equipment, secondary equipment, and network equipment as nodes to form an undirected graph I that reflects the physical topology connection of the smart substation;

Step 2: Unlink all the complex ring structures in the undirected graph I, find all cliques with 3 nodes, and replace them with a clique node equivalently, and form an undirected graph II after replacement;

Step 3: Start a breadth-first search on the undirected graph II from any starting point, and connect the nodes and group nodes according to the order of search on the way to form a directed arc;

Step 4: The end point of the search is the power supply, load feeder and network leaf node equipment, and the connection tree T is generated after the search is completed;

Step 5: Generate the connection tree of the original group for the group nodes in the connection tree T according to the order of their three-side access, replace the group nodes, and finally form the connection tree II;

Step 6: Map the physical connection relationship between the primary equipment and the secondary device described in the connection tree II to the Petri net to form a Petri net model for fault diagnosis;

Step 7: After forming the Petri net model for fault diagnosis, the Petri net fault diagnosis model distributes this information in the form of Tokens into relevant relays according to the received protection action information, circuit breaker action information and relevant node current and voltage sampling values. Electric protection device and circuit breaker warehouse;

Step 8: Define extension coefficient, transition function and transfer function;

Step 9: In the diagnosis process of the Token transition, the logical reasoning of the Petri net is combined with the extension coefficient, the transition function, and the transfer function to obtain the final fault diagnosis result and locate the faulty primary device.

2. a kind of intelligent substation fault diagnosis method combining topology and relay protection logic as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when the group in the described step 2 is that there are complex primary wiring modes such as 3/2 wiring inside the substation, Or when there is a complex topology such as a double-ring network in the communication network, it will appear as a ring subgraph in the association graph, and this ring subgraph is represented by a "cluster" structure, which is defined as an undirected graph IIG(V, E). A subset of vertices of

Vertex set V, number of vertex subset elements｜V'|=positive integer J and any two vertices in vertex subset V' have edge association E in G(V, E), "cluster" is used to combine complex The ring structure is decoupled into a radial tree structure.

3. a kind of intelligent substation fault diagnosis method combining topology and relay protection logic as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described in the described step 6 Petri net is through a quadruple (S (t), T _t , F, M ₀ ) describe a dynamic logic network, in which the elements of S(t) are called places, and the places represent the initial or possible intermediate states of corresponding elements; the elements of T _t are called transitions, and transitions represent desires Tokens are placed in the warehouse to meet the conditions, and the dynamic behavior of the system is reflected by the distribution changes of the Tokens in the warehouse, and the change of the number of tokens is realized by the trigger of the transition; F describes the flow relationship of the Petri net , represented by a directed edge; the vector M ₀ represents the initial identification of the Petri net, and the initial identification is a vector composed of elements corresponding to corresponding places of Tokens.

4. A kind of intelligent substation fault diagnosis method combining topology and relay protection logic as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the specific steps of described step six are:

(6-1) When mapping the connection tree to the Petri net, map the primary equipment, secondary relay protection devices and their logical information numbers to the places in the Petri net, which are represented by circles in the figure;

(6-2) The place performs priority sorting according to the topological relationship described by the connection tree and the cooperation relationship of the protection in the setting time; when a certain storehouse has all Tokens, it indicates the final action of the protection in the direction of the branch, for each Branches are based on the logical cooperation of protection and circuit breakers in the space-time direction to realize the location and transition configuration, forming a Petri net model for fault diagnosis.

(6-3) Graphically, the place S(t) is represented by a circle, the transition T _t is represented by a vertical line, the flow relationship is represented by an arc with an arrow, and the token is represented by a small black dot in the place.

5. A kind of intelligent substation fault diagnosis method combining topology and relay protection logic as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the expansion coefficient in the step 8: in the diagnosis process, in order to set the principle in the relay protection device Or when the operation mode of the power grid changes, it can dynamically express the relationship between the relay protection device and the primary equipment, quantify the protection range of the relay protection device into a constant n, and the constant n is the extension coefficient.

6. A kind of intelligent substation fault diagnosis method combining topology and relay protection logic as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the transition function in the said step 8: in order to calculate the protection of different priority levels or the protection with coordination logic The reliability of the action on each branch of the Petri net defines a transition function. The transition function uses the confidence of a single relay protection device and primary equipment as variables. The definition of the transition function is as follows:

{δ δ}_{i i}^{' '} = = {δ δ}_{CB CB} {δ δ}_{i i} {Π Π}_{j j = = 00}^{i i - - 11} ((11 - - {δ δ}_{j j})) - - - - - - ((11))

In this function, i and j are the serial numbers of relay protection devices, δ _i and δ _j are the confidence degrees of relay protection devices i and j respectively, δ _CB is the confidence degree of circuit breakers, and δ _i ' is the relative Based on the confidence level of primary equipment, it is stipulated that δ ₀ =0.

7. A kind of smart substation fault diagnosis method combining topology and relay protection logic as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the transfer function includes a logic signal transfer function and a fault element transfer function, and in the diagnosis process, the substation The logic coordination will appear in the following situations: the logic output of a certain relay protection device needs to be determined by the logic input of multiple devices; multiple sets of relay protection devices work together to remove faulty components; A homogeneous place Token input defines the transfer function.

8. A kind of intelligent substation fault diagnosis method combining topology and relay protection logic as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, described transfer function comprises logical signal transfer function and fault element transfer function;

The logic signal transfer function:

{δ δ}_{i i} = = {Π Π}_{i i = = 11}^{n no} {δ δ}_{i i}^{' '} - - - - - - ((22))

The fault element transfer function is:

{δ δ}_{t t} = = 11 - - {Π Π}_{i i = = 11}^{n no} ((11 - - {δ δ}_{i i}^{' '})) - - - - - - ((33))

Among them, i is the serial number of the relay protection device, δ _i ' is the confidence degree of the relay protection device protection i relative to the component, δ _t is the reliability degree of the suspicious equipment failure, and n is the extension coefficient.