CN103018794B - Device for improving measurement accuracy and measurement reliability of single-tipping-bucket rain gauge and use method for same - Google Patents
Device for improving measurement accuracy and measurement reliability of single-tipping-bucket rain gauge and use method for same Download PDFInfo
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- CN103018794B CN103018794B CN201210416239.8A CN201210416239A CN103018794B CN 103018794 B CN103018794 B CN 103018794B CN 201210416239 A CN201210416239 A CN 201210416239A CN 103018794 B CN103018794 B CN 103018794B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for improving the measurement accuracy and the measurement reliability of a single-tipping-bucket rain gauge and a use method for the same. According to the device and the method, the conventional stainless steel is replaced by a light-weight alloy material for producing a tipping bucket, and Teflon is sprayed on the surface of the water collection side of the rain gauge; a difference reduction system composed of a micro-valve, a valve opening-closing device and a bypass flow guide tube is additionally arranged; a double-reed switch composed of two single reed switches which are arranged in a staggering manner is used for replacing the conventional reed switch; the switching signal output by the reed switch is processed by adopting a mutual calibration method for the two double-reed switches; and a digital rain amount value is transmitted via a low-power-consumption ZigBee wireless mode which is convenient for networking. Via the device and the use method disclosed by the invention, the difference and the wetting loss during the measurement process are reduced, the defect that the single reed switch is easy to generate mis-operate due to the environment magnetic interference is solved, and the reliability of the rain gauge is improved; and the digital rain amount value is transmitted via the low-power-consumption ZigBee wireless mode, so that the networking is convenient.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tipping-bucket rain-gauge technology category, refer to especially the framework of existing single tilting bucket rain, technology and the method that improvement rain gage measuring accuracy improves reliability based oneself upon.
Background technology
Rainfall amount is the fundamental of the hydrology, meteorology, and its measured value all has important directive significance to industrial and agricultural production, flood control mitigation etc.China's gross amount of water resources 28,124 hundred million m
3, occupy the 5th, the world; Have per capita 2163m
3, be only equivalent to 1/4 of world's quantity per capita, in global sequencing table, rank after 100.Along with the lasting raising of China's rapid development of economy and quality of the life, existing water resource quantity delivered is difficult to support ever-increasing demand; Rainfall amount is the key factor of water resource assessment, is also water circulation and isorrheic important parameter, and the excavation of water resource potential depends on the measurement data of accurate rainfall amount.The instrumentation that detects rainfall amount is rain gage, and udometric accuracy is the technique guarantee of accuracy of detection.
Nineteen fifty-three, the domestic siphon rainfall recorder that automatically detects rainfall amount comes out, and replaces rapidly traditional artificial rain gage and is used widely; But siphon rainfall recorder need could obtain through converting the robotization requirement that rainfall intensity, analog quantity recording mode are not suitable with the hydrology, weather information, and measuring accuracy has much room for improvement in addition.Nineteen eighty-three, Chongqing hydrological instrument factory releases First commercialization tipping-bucket rain-gauge; At present, hydrometric station is equipped with single tilting bucket rain conventionally; For considering of measuring accuracy, weather station is used the higher double skip rain gage of more single tipping bucket precision mostly, but the structure complexity of instrument, O&M workload and expense are all on single tipping bucket.Tipping-bucket rain-gauge is simple in structure, with pulse electrical signal form, presents rainfall amount, is convenient to long-distance transmissions, for wired remote-transmission and wireless telemetering provide convenience; Tipping-bucket rain-gauge is born so far, all the time in occupation of udometric leading position.Although be no lack of challenger, adopt the rain sensor of new principle: as the sensor based on perception rainfall such as electric capacity, resistance, ultrasound wave, optics; All inferior compared with tipping bucket type because of challenger's overall target (to the supply of the requirement of environment, power supply, measuring accuracy, the total cost of ownership (TCO) etc.), there is no the leading position that method is shaken tipping-bucket rain-gauge.
Tipping-bucket rain-gauge is comprised of skip bucket rainfall sensor and data acquisition process transmission unit two parts, and data acquisition process transmission unit is called for short number and adopts unit.Under prior art condition, number is adopted comparatively degree of ripeness of monotechnics, can meet the requirement of rainfall observation; Problem is that the error in dipping of skip bucket rainfall sensor is larger.The sensor of tipping-bucket rain-gauge is a tipping bucket type mechanical bistable Weighing mechanism--the triangular shaped container (small room) of two full symmetrics that employing central dividing plate separates, central dividing plate can rotate around transverse axis, be similar to the principle of seesaw, also quite perfect through the constantly overall architecture perfect, tipping bucket type sensor of 30 years; On the process nature of rainwater inflow tipping bucket, be that sensor carries out the process of integration by certain area to raininess signal, integrated value is exactly the capacity of tipping bucket, also claims the resolution of rain sensor.Rainwater injects the left small room of tipping bucket, when connect rainwater volume reaches predetermined value, by the left small room of gravity at t
1overturning constantly, and from water receiving state to waiting status transition, right small room is from waiting status to water receiving status transition; t
2rainwater injects right small room constantly, when water receiving amount reaches predetermined value, and right small room overturning, right small room enters the transition that returns to waiting status from water receiving state, and left small room is from waiting status to water receiving status transition; Go round and begin again.On the tipping bucket sidewall of tipping-bucket rain-gauge, magnet steel is housed, it stirs with tipping bucket, during tipping bucket overturning, magnet steel is other inswept from tongue tube, and tongue tube on off operating mode is changed; Be the every overturning of tipping bucket once, tongue tube is just connected once, sends a switching signal (pulse signal), the rainfall amount of a resolving accuracy value of a pulse representative sensor.
Tilting bucket rain is in the long-term use procedure of the hydrology, weather station, and the inherent limitation due to measuring principle and instrument structure aspect, fully exposes design defect.First, measuring error changes with raininess: during heavy showers, being overgauge and deviate increases with the enhancing of rainfall intensity; During weak rainfall, be minus deviation, light rain frequently arid area minus deviation even up to more than 10%.Secondly, rainfall measurement practice for many years shows: because the sensor device of posting a letter is the fault of tongue tube, though the rainfall amount data that cause lack to survey, belong to compared with small probability event, consequence is catastrophic often; In the face of the magnetic interference of environment, also there is misoperation phenomenon in tongue tube, thereby produce the error in dipping of rainfall amount.The flaw of tilting bucket rain has directly affected the quality of measurement data.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of and base oneself upon existing single tilting bucket rain framework, improve technology and method that measuring accuracy improves reliability.Error in dipping for existing skip bucket rainfall sensor is not good enough with raininess variation and precision: during heavy showers, be overgauge, light rain frequently arid area is minus deviation; The post a letter reliability of device (tongue tube) of rain sensor can not meet the requirement of highly reliable rainfall measurement, and the magnetic interference that the device of posting a letter is subject to environment produces the defects such as misoperation; Corresponding improvement project is proposed one by one.
Improve the device of single tilting bucket rain measuring accuracy reliability, comprise skip bucket rainfall sensor and signal acquisition process communication unit; Skip bucket rainfall sensor comprises valve opening and closing device, magnet steel, reed pipe plate, tipping bucket, double dry-reed pipe, set screw, influent hopper, circle bubble, tipping bucket block bearing, micro valve, bypass mozzle; The upper and lower side of valve opening and closing device is connected with tipping bucket, micro valve respectively; Tipping bucket is bearing on bearing, tipping bucket is two symmetrical left and right small rooms that central dividing plate separates, the sidewall of left and right small room is established respectively a magnet steel, 2 double dry-reed pipes are arranged on respectively on the reed pipe plate of tipping bucket left and right small room, form two clarinet dislocation placings of double dry-reed pipe, the mid point of the circular arc path that when double dry-reed pipe is arranged on the overturning of tipping bucket small room, magnet steel motion is streaked, the output terminal of double dry-reed pipe is connected with the input end of signal acquisition process communication unit; Magnet steel on tipping bucket sidewall stirs with tipping bucket, and magnet steel is other inswept from tongue tube, and tongue tube on off operating mode is changed; The every overturning of tipping bucket once, just connect once by double dry-reed pipe, exports one group of switching signal to signal acquisition process communication unit, represents the rainfall amount of a resolving accuracy value; Left and right two small rooms of tipping bucket are accepted rainwater, weigh, are measured in the water outlet of influent hopper rising pipe in turn; Micro valve is positioned at upwards 2cm place, influent hopper rising pipe bottom, the upper end of bypass mozzle communicates with influent hopper rising pipe top sidewall, the lower end of bypass mozzle communicates with influent hopper rising pipe bottom sidewall, set screw and circle bubble are arranged on the bottom of skip bucket rainfall sensor, for guaranteeing levelness; Data acquisition process transmission unit comprises the first switching signal processing module 21, second switch signal processing module 22, the 3rd switching signal processing module 23, the 4th switching signal processing module 24, data processing module and radio-frequency module.
Described data processing module and radio-frequency module are CC2430 data processing module and radio-frequency module, structure is as follows: after being connected, the pin 20,7,47,41 of integrated chip is connected with one end of digital circuit power source DVDD_3.3V, capacitor C 411, capacitor C 71, and the other end ground connection of capacitor C 411 and capacitor C 71; Pin 42 is connected with one end of capacitor C 421, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 421; One end of one end of pin 10 and capacitor C 678, resistance R 406, button S1 is connected, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 678 and button S1, and the other end of resistance R 406 is connected with digital circuit power source DVDD_3.3V; Pin 23 is connected with one end of digital circuit power source DVDD_3.3V and capacitor C 231, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 231; Pin 24 is connected with one end of mimic channel power supply VCC1.8 and capacitor C 241, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 241; Pin 26 is connected with one end of resistance R 261, the other end ground connection of resistance R 261; Pin 22 is connected with one end of resistance R 221, the other end ground connection of resistance R 221; Pin 19 is connected with one end of crystal oscillator X1 and capacitor C 191, and the other end of crystal oscillator X1 is connected with one end of pin 21 and capacitor C 121, the equal ground connection of the other end of capacitor C 191 and capacitor C 121; Pin 44 is connected with one end of crystal oscillator X2 and capacitor C 441, and the other end of crystal oscillator X2 is connected with one end of pin 43 and capacitor C 431, the equal ground connection of the other end of capacitor C 441 and capacitor C 431; Pin 34 is connected with one end of inductance L 2 and inductance L 5, one end of inductance L 4 and inductance L 1 is connected with the other end of inductance L 5, pin 33 is connected with the other end of inductance L 1, pin 32 is connected with the other end of inductance L 2 and inductance L 4, one end of inductance L 3 is connected with one end of capacitor C 63, and the other end of capacitor C 63 is connected with antenna ANT1; Pin 25,27,28,29,30,31,35,36,37,38,39,40 is connected with one end of mimic channel power supply VCC1.8, capacitor C 11, capacitor C 101, capacitor C 371, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 11, capacitor C 101, capacitor C 371.
Described skip bucket rainfall sensor is made by magnalium alloy in lightweight material, the teflon coatings of 10 microns of the side surface Pen Tu of catchmenting of described influent hopper and tipping bucket.
Described micro valve, valve opening and closing device, bypass mozzle form the poor system of damper; Valve opening and closing device be one with the mechanical linkage of spring, when tipping bucket overturning, tipping bucket utilizes the weight driving mechanical Lian Gan Ji Ju valve-off of self; After tipping bucket overturning, turn over again φ angle, the angle that the left and right small room state conversion time △ t of skip bucket rainfall sensor tipping bucket turns over, valve opening and closing device is because of the recovery characteristic of spring Open valve again; In the △ t time, be temporarily stored in the rainwater in influent hopper, the follow-up rainwater of accepting, gather and import another small room until the amount of rainfall of this small room reaches design sensibility reciprocal, reappear the overturning process of first small room, go round and begin again; When valve opening and closing device and micro valve are normally worked, bypass mozzle is inoperative; Once valve opening and closing failure of apparatus or micro valve, stop up, rainwater is walked around through bypass mozzle the small room that micro valve flows directly into tipping bucket and is weighed, measures, now the disappearance of the poor systemic-function of damper will make measuring accuracy decline, but the bypass mozzle of setting up is maintained the fundamental measurement function of skip bucket rainfall sensor.
Improve a using method for the device of single tilting bucket rain measuring accuracy reliability, left and right two small rooms of tipping bucket are accepted rainwater, weigh, are measured in the water outlet of influent hopper rising pipe in turn: make t
1the left small room amount of rainfall that the moment is positioned under influent hopper water delivering orifice reaches design sensibility reciprocal, and left small room overturning drives valve opening and closing device to close micro valve, through △ t=t
2-t
1time, i.e. t
2constantly right small room go to influent hopper water delivering orifice under, tipping bucket drives valve opening and closing device to open micro valve; In the △ t time, be temporarily stored in rainwater, t in influent hopper
2the rainwater of accepting constantly, imports right small room together until the amount of rainfall of right small room reaches design sensibility reciprocal, reappears left small room overturning process, goes round and begins again; Magnet steel on tipping bucket sidewall stirs with tipping bucket, and magnet steel is other inswept from double dry-reed pipe, and tongue tube on off operating mode is changed; The every overturning of tipping bucket once, just connect once by tongue tube, exports one group of switching signal to signal acquisition process communication unit, represents the rainfall amount of a resolving accuracy value; In a double dry-reed pipe, the first switch output signal of going alone reed pipe is isolated U through photoelectricity
1, R
4and C
lfiltering, amplifier U
2and U
3cushion, be finally connected with the 21st pin of CC2430, CC2430 reads the first switching signal of going alone reed pipe output in double dry-reed pipe; In double dry-reed pipe, second goes alone stagger the time the 22nd pin of signal access CC2430 of output of reed pipe, and the output signal of another double dry-reed pipe accesses respectively the 23rd, 24 pin of CC2430; CC2430 processes output switching signal, the formation rainfall data of two double dry-reed pipes, is sent to the ZigBee telegon of the hydrology, weather station through CC2430 radio-frequency module.
Two double dry-reed pipe output switching signal processes are as follows, and switching signal is exported rainfall data and double dry-reed pipe operating mode after CC2430 data processing module; CC2430 data processing module adopts two the mutual school of double dry-reed pipe algorithms, judge tongue tube operating mode, by tongue tube operating mode, divide four kinds of patterns: left and right small room double dry-reed pipe is normal, left small room double dry-reed pipe fault, right small room double dry-reed pipe are normal, normal, the right small room double dry-reed pipe of left small room double dry-reed pipe fault, the switching signal of left and right small room double dry-reed pipe fault-processing double dry-reed pipe output; CC2430 data processing module is exported digital rainfall value and tongue tube operating mode, by be sent to the ZigBee telegon of the hydrology, weather station through CC2430 radio-frequency module; The reed pipes of going alone that a double dry-reed pipe of tipping bucket left or right small room is arranged by two dislocation form, and and if only if detects one and go alone reed pipe adhesive and then detect another and go alone reed pipe adhesive, just thinks that signal is effective; Above-mentioned switching signal disposal route is expanded as the criterion of double dry-reed pipe operating mode: paired two to go alone successively adhesive of reed pipe be nominal situation otherwise be fault condition, go alone reed pipe look its whether output switching signal judge operating mode, according to different operating modes, by the switching signal of different mode treatment tongue tube output; According to tongue tube operating mode, as follows by the concrete steps of four kinds of mode treatment dry-reed tube switch signals:
1) small room double dry-reed pipe in left and right is normal: the dislocation of two of left small room double dry-reed pipes is arranged goes alone successively adhesive of reed pipe, export a pair of switching signal of staggering the time, as the rainfall value of a sensibility reciprocal of rain gage; Right small room is as the same;
2) left small room double dry-reed pipe fault, right small room double dry-reed pipe are normal: the switching signal of right small room double dry-reed pipe of take is benchmark, reading between the group switching signal that right small room double dry-reed pipe uploads for twice, read the switching signal of left small room double dry-reed pipe, according to the operating mode of left small room double dry-reed pipe further segment, as follows by the treatment scheme of disaggregated classification:
2-1) go alone reed pipe and all cannot adhesive maybe cannot flick for two: data processing module takes advantage of 2 to upload the rainfall value of a sensibility reciprocal of right small room, shields the switching signal of left small room double dry-reed pipe, uploads the fault of left small room double dry-reed pipe;
2-2) go alone that reed pipe is normal, another fault for one: shielding fault condition go alone reed pipe switching signal, read-only nominal situation go alone reed pipe switching signal, data processing module is given up double dry-reed pipe, by going alone reed pipe switching signal, is processed, and uploads the rainfall value of a sensibility reciprocal and the fault of left small room double dry-reed pipe;
3) normal, the right small room double dry-reed pipe of left small room double dry-reed pipe fault: with 2);
4) left and right small room double dry-reed pipe fault: maintain as far as possible fundamental measurement function;
4-1) go alone reed pipe and all cannot adhesive maybe cannot flick for two of left and right small room double dry-reed pipe: upload warning;
4-2) go alone that reed pipe is normal, another fault for one of left small room double dry-reed pipe, going alone reed pipe for two of right small room double dry-reed pipe all lost efficacy: shielding fault condition go alone reed pipe switching signal, read-only nominal situation go alone reed pipe switching signal, data processing module is given up double dry-reed pipe, by going alone reed pipe switching signal, is gathered rainfall value; Data processing module takes advantage of 2 to upload the rainfall value of a sensibility reciprocal of left small room, uploads the fault of double dry-reed pipe;
4-3) go alone that reed pipe is normal, another fault for one of right small room double dry-reed pipe, go alone reed pipe for two of left small room double dry-reed pipe and all lost efficacy: same 4-2);
4-4) go alone that reed pipe is normal, another fault for one of left small room double dry-reed pipe, one of right small room double dry-reed pipe goes alone that reed pipe is normal, another fault: shielding fault condition go alone reed pipe switching signal, read-only nominal situation go alone reed pipe switching signal, data processing module is given up double dry-reed pipe, by going alone reed pipe switching signal, is gathered rainfall value; Data processing module is uploaded the rainfall value of a sensibility reciprocal, uploads the fault of double dry-reed pipe.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
Alloy in lightweight material is made tipping bucket, the rain gage side surface Pen Tu Teflon that catchments, and the device having reduced in udometric moistening loss and measuring process is poor; It is poor that the poor system of damper of setting up has reduced udometric device, even if valve opening and closing device or micro valve lost efficacy, bypass mozzle still can maintain the fundamental measurement function of tilting bucket rain; Two technology of going alone reed pipe formation double dry-reed pipe that dislocation is arranged, have solved and have gone alone the defect that reed pipe is subject to environment magnetic interference generation misoperation; The switching signal of two the mutual school of double dry-reed pipe algorithm process tongue tube outputs, has promoted udometric availability and reliability; Numeral rainfall value is by low-power consumption ZigBee wireless way for transmitting, and networking is convenient.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of single tilting bucket rain;
Fig. 2 is udometric tipping bucket schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the poor systematic schematic diagram of udometric damper;
Fig. 4 is that udometric number is adopted unit block diagram;
Fig. 5 is the mutual school algorithm flow chart that two double dry-reed pipe output switching signals generate rainfall data.
Valve opening and closing device 1, double dry-reed pipe 2, reed pipe plate 3, tipping bucket 4, magnet steel 5, set screw 6, influent hopper 7, circle bubble 8, tipping bucket block bearing 9, micro valve 10, bypass mozzle 11, teflon coatings 12, signal acquisition process communication unit 13.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, single tilting bucket rain comprises skip bucket rainfall sensor and signal acquisition process communication unit (be called for short number and adopt unit) two parts; Single tilting bucket rain sensor connects water pipe influent hopper 7, magnet steel 5, reed pipe plate 3,4, two double dry-reed pipes 2 of tipping bucket (two symmetrical small rooms that central dividing plate separates), set screw 6, circle bubble 8, tipping bucket block bearing 9, micro valve 10, bypass mozzle 11, valve opening and closing device 1 by down form; Set screw and circle bubble are the technical guarantees of rain gage installation site levelness; Two small rooms of tipping bucket respectively configure a double dry-reed pipe 2, and the output terminal of double dry-reed pipe 2 is connected with the input end that number is adopted unit.Left and right two small rooms of tipping bucket 4 are accepted rainwater, weigh, are measured in the water outlet of influent hopper rising pipe in turn: make t
1the left small room amount of rainfall that the moment is positioned under influent hopper water delivering orifice reaches design sensibility reciprocal, left small room overturning, drives valve opening and closing device to close micro valve; Through △ t=t
2-t
1time is to t
2constantly right small room go to influent hopper water delivering orifice under, tipping bucket drives valve opening and closing device to open micro valve; In the △ t time, be temporarily stored in rainwater, t in influent hopper
2the rainwater of accepting constantly, imports right small room together until the amount of rainfall of right small room reaches design sensibility reciprocal, reappears left small room overturning process; Go round and begin again; Magnet steel 5 on tipping bucket sidewall stirs with tipping bucket, and magnet steel 5 is other inswept from tongue tube, and tongue tube on off operating mode is changed; The every overturning of tipping bucket once, just connect once by tongue tube, exports one group of switching signal (two pulse signals of staggering the time) to number and adopt unit, represents the rainfall amount of a resolving accuracy value.
As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 1, udometric tipping bucket 4 is bearing on bearing 9, and two symmetrical small rooms that separated by central dividing plate form; When the water yield in small room reaches design sensibility reciprocal, tipping bucket 4 overturns by rainwater gravity.Rain gage tipping bucket selects magnalium alloy in lightweight material to make, the Teflon (Polytetrafluoroetylene is called for short Teflon) of 10 microns of the side surface Pen Tu of catchmenting of influent hopper 7 and small room.Teflon is the solid material that surface can be minimum, has excellent not viscosity (neither oleophylic, also not hydrophilic, is difficult for by moistening surperficial easy cleaning), sliding, moisture resistance; Te Fu Long Tu layer has reduced udometric moistening loss, has reduced the excessive minus deviation of arid area rainfall measurement value; On the other hand, during tipping bucket water-sprinkling, Teflon contributes to overcome surface tension, acceleration water-sprinkling progress and the bold and vigorous cleanliness of water, and elimination pouring small room leaves tail water and counts the error of rainfall amount next time.Alloy in lightweight material is made udometric tipping bucket, and tipping bucket quality only has 1/3 left and right of conventional stainless steel; The JDZ-1 type list tilting bucket rain of take is example, design sensibility reciprocal 3.14g (corresponding 0.1mm rainfall amount), and the tipping bucket quality of the tipping bucket quality 100g of stainless steel, almag Pen Tu Teflon is 33g only.
The upset equation of tipping bucket can be expressed as:
M＝J·
dw/
dt
In formula
The turning torque of M--tipping bucket small room rainwater;
The moment of inertia of J--tipping bucket;
The flip angle speed of W--tipping bucket;
The flip-flop transition of t--tipping bucket.
From above formula, the rain gage to a certain specific sensibility reciprocal, M is a determined value; Alloy in lightweight material is made tipping bucket, and the moment of inertia J of tipping bucket reduces;
dw/
dtincrease in inverse ratio, the state of tipping bucket type mechanical bistable Weighing mechanism is changed △ t consuming time and is reduced, in state conversion process, the rainfall Δ W of many meters reduce (discussion that " background technology " the 5th section consulted in the definition of △ t, Δ W) thereupon, have reduced the device that tilting bucket rain picks up in survey process poor.
As shown in Figure 3, the poor system of rain gage damper forms 11 by micro valve 10, valve opening and closing device 1, bypass mozzle; Micro valve is positioned at the 2cm place that makes progress, influent hopper rising pipe 7 bottoms, one end of bypass mozzle communicates with influent hopper rising pipe top sidewall, the other end communicates with influent hopper rising pipe bottom sidewall, and the upper and lower side of valve opening and closing device is connected with tipping bucket 4, micro valve 10 respectively; Micro valve is selected micro ball valve, model WDF006M; Valve opening and closing device 1 be one with the mechanical linkage Ji Ju of spring, when tipping bucket overturning, tipping bucket utilizes the weight driving mechanical Lian Gan Ji Ju valve-off of self; After tipping bucket overturning, turn over φ angle (angle that tipping bucket type bistable state Weighing mechanism small room state conversion time △ t turns over), valve opening and closing device is because of the recovery characteristic of spring Open valve again again; In the △ t time, be temporarily stored in the rainwater in influent hopper, the follow-up rainwater of accepting, gather and import another small room until the amount of rainfall of this small room reaches design sensibility reciprocal, reappear the overturning process of first small room; Go round and begin again.When valve opening and closing device and micro valve are normally worked, bypass mozzle is inoperative; Once valve opening and closing failure of apparatus or micro valve, stop up, rainwater is walked around through bypass mozzle the small room that micro valve flows directly into tilting bucket rain and is weighed, measures, now the disappearance of the poor function of valve damper will make measuring accuracy decline, but the bypass mozzle of setting up is maintained the fundamental measurement function of tilting bucket rain, and bypass mozzle has improved udometric availability and reliability.
As shown in Figure 4, udometric number is adopted 4 switching signal processing modules (being one of them in figure), CC2430 data processing module and the radio-frequency module that unit comprises two double dry-reed pipes; The sidewall of the left small room of tipping bucket sets up a magnet steel, goes alone reed pipe dislocation layout on reed pipe plate relevant position for two that specially join a double dry-reed pipe, formation double dry-reed pipe, and the situation of the right small room of tipping bucket is as the same; Consider the terseness of statement, below discuss apart from special instruction, only around left small room, launch; In double dry-reed pipe, the first switch output signal of going alone reed pipe is isolated U through photoelectricity
1, R
4and C
lfiltering, amplifier U
2and U
3cushion, be finally connected with the 21st pin of CC2430, CC2430 reads the switching signal of going alone reed pipe 1 output of double dry-reed pipe; In double dry-reed pipe, second single dry-reed tube switch is staggered the time, and through the 22nd pin of second signal acquisition module access CC2430, the output signal of second double dry-reed pipe accesses respectively the 23rd, 24 pin of CC2430 to the signal (first, second is gone alone reed pipe and adopts dislocation to arrange) of exporting; CC2430 processes the input switch signal formation rainfall data of two double dry-reed pipes, is sent to the ZigBee telegon of the hydrology, weather station through CC2430 radio-frequency module.
CC2430 data processing module and radio-frequency module are followed ZigBee wireless communication protocol (IEEE802.15.4), after being connected, the pin 20,7,47,41 of CC2430 integrated chip is connected with one end of digital circuit power source DVDD_3.3V, capacitor C 411, capacitor C 71, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 411 and capacitor C 71; Pin 42 is connected with one end of capacitor C 421, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 421; One end of one end of pin 10 and capacitor C 678, resistance R 406, button S1 is connected, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 678 and button S1, and the other end of resistance R 406 is connected with digital circuit power source DVDD_3.3V; Pin 23 is connected with one end of digital circuit power source DVDD_3.3V and capacitor C 231, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 231; Pin 24 is connected with one end of mimic channel power supply VCC1.8 and capacitor C 241, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 241; Pin 26 is connected with one end of resistance R 261, the other end ground connection of resistance R 261; Pin 22 is connected with one end of resistance R 221, the other end ground connection of resistance R 221; Pin 19 is connected with one end of crystal oscillator X1 and capacitor C 191, and the other end of crystal oscillator X1 is connected with one end of pin 21 and capacitor C 121, the equal ground connection of the other end of capacitor C 191 and capacitor C 121; Pin 44 is connected with one end of crystal oscillator X2 and capacitor C 441, and the other end of crystal oscillator X2 is connected with one end of pin 43 and capacitor C 431, the equal ground connection of the other end of capacitor C 441 and capacitor C 431; Pin 34 is connected with one end of inductance L 2 and inductance L 5, one end of inductance L 4 and inductance L 1 is connected with the other end of inductance L 5, pin 33 is connected with the other end of inductance L 1, pin 32 is connected with the other end of inductance L 2 and inductance L 4, one end of inductance L 3 is connected with one end of capacitor C 63, and the other end of capacitor C 63 is connected with antenna ANT1; Pin 25,27,28,29,30,31,35,36,37,38,39,40 is connected with one end of mimic channel power supply VCC1.8, capacitor C 11, capacitor C 101, capacitor C 371, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 11, capacitor C 101, capacitor C 371.
Two double dry-reed pipe output switching signals, signal is exported rainfall data and double dry-reed pipe operating mode after CC2430 data processing module; CC2430 data processing module adopts two double dry-reed pipe Hu Jiao Suan methods, judge tongue tube operating mode, by tongue tube operating mode, divide four kinds of patterns--left and right small room double dry-reed pipe is normal, left small room double dry-reed pipe fault, right small room double dry-reed pipe are normal, normal, the right small room double dry-reed pipe of left small room double dry-reed pipe fault, left and right small room double dry-reed pipe fault--process the switching signal of tongue tube input; CC2430 data processing module is exported digital rainfall value and tongue tube operating mode, by be sent to the ZigBee telegon of the hydrology, weather station through CC2430 radio-frequency module.
Two double dry-reed pipe output switching signals generate the mutual school algorithm flow chart of rainfall data.
The reed pipes of going alone that a double dry-reed pipe of tipping bucket left (or right) small room is arranged by two dislocation form, and and if only if detects one and go alone reed pipe adhesive and then detect another and go alone reed pipe adhesive, just thinks that signal is effective; Application double dry-reed pipe and above-mentioned switching signal process eliminates go alone the misoperation that reed pipe is subject to environment magnetic interference, the error of rainfall amount metering.Based on this brass tacks, the switching signal of not only exporting for the treatment of tongue tube, and widenable to the criterion of double dry-reed pipe operating mode: paired two to go alone successively adhesive of reed pipe be nominal situation otherwise be fault condition (go alone reed pipe look it whether output switching signal is judged operating mode)--according to different operating modes, the switching signal of exporting by different mode treatment tongue tubes; According to tongue tube operating mode, as follows by the concrete steps of four kinds of mode treatment dry-reed tube switch signals:
1) small room double dry-reed pipe in left and right is normal: the dislocation of two of left small room double dry-reed pipes is arranged goes alone successively adhesive of reed pipe, export a pair of switching signal of staggering the time, as the rainfall value of a sensibility reciprocal of rain gage; Right small room is as the same.
2) left small room double dry-reed pipe fault, right small room double dry-reed pipe are normal: the switching signal of right small room double dry-reed pipe of take is benchmark, reading between the group switching signal that right small room double dry-reed pipe uploads for twice (group switching signal is gone alone reed pipe switching signal by 2 of priority adhesive and formed), read the switching signal of left small room double dry-reed pipe, according to the operating mode of left small room double dry-reed pipe further segment, as follows by the treatment scheme of disaggregated classification:
2-1) go alone reed pipe and all cannot adhesive maybe cannot flick for two: data processing module takes advantage of 2 to upload the rainfall value of a sensibility reciprocal of right small room, shields the switching signal of left small room double dry-reed pipe, uploads the fault of left small room double dry-reed pipe.
2-2) go alone that reed pipe is normal, another fault for one: shielding fault condition go alone reed pipe switching signal, read-only nominal situation go alone reed pipe switching signal, data processing module is given up double dry-reed pipe, by going alone reed pipe switching signal, is processed (the rainfall value of a corresponding sensibility reciprocal of switching signal), uploads the rainfall value of a sensibility reciprocal and the fault of left small room double dry-reed pipe.
3) normal, the right small room double dry-reed pipe of left small room double dry-reed pipe fault: with 2).
4) left and right small room double dry-reed pipe fault: maintain as far as possible fundamental measurement function.
4-1) go alone reed pipe and all cannot adhesive maybe cannot flick for two of left and right small room double dry-reed pipe: upload warning.
4-2) go alone that reed pipe is normal, another fault for one of left small room double dry-reed pipe, going alone reed pipe for two of right small room double dry-reed pipe all lost efficacy: shielding fault condition go alone reed pipe switching signal, read-only nominal situation go alone reed pipe switching signal, data processing module is given up double dry-reed pipe, by going alone reed pipe switching signal, is gathered rainfall value; Data processing module takes advantage of 2 to upload the rainfall value of a sensibility reciprocal of left small room, uploads the fault of double dry-reed pipe.
4-3) go alone that reed pipe is normal, another fault for one of right small room double dry-reed pipe, go alone reed pipe for two of left small room double dry-reed pipe and all lost efficacy: same 4-2).
4-4) go alone that reed pipe is normal, another fault for one of left small room double dry-reed pipe, one of right small room double dry-reed pipe goes alone that reed pipe is normal, another fault: shielding fault condition go alone reed pipe switching signal, read-only nominal situation go alone reed pipe switching signal, data processing module is given up double dry-reed pipe, by going alone reed pipe switching signal, is gathered rainfall value; Data processing module is uploaded the rainfall value of a sensibility reciprocal, uploads the fault of double dry-reed pipe.
Claims (3)
1. a device that improves single tilting bucket rain measuring accuracy and reliability, is characterized in that, it comprises skip bucket rainfall sensor and signal acquisition process communication unit (13); Skip bucket rainfall sensor comprises valve opening and closing device (1), double dry-reed pipe (2), reed pipe plate (3), tipping bucket (4), magnet steel (5), set screw (6), influent hopper (7), circle bubble (8), tipping bucket block bearing (9), micro valve (10), bypass mozzle (11); The upper and lower side of valve opening and closing device (1) is connected with tipping bucket (4), micro valve (10) respectively; Tipping bucket (4) is bearing on bearing (9), tipping bucket (4 two symmetrical left and right small rooms that separate for central dividing plate, the sidewall of left and right small room is established respectively a magnet steel (5), 2 double dry-reed pipes (2) are arranged on respectively two clarinet dislocation placings that double dry-reed pipe was gone up, formed to the reed pipe plate (3) of tipping bucket (4) left and right small room, the mid point of the circular arc path that when double dry-reed pipe (2) is arranged on tipping bucket (4) small room overturning, magnet steel (5) motion is streaked, the output terminal of double dry-reed pipe (2) is connected with the input end of signal acquisition process communication unit (13); Magnet steel (5) on tipping bucket (4) sidewall stirs with tipping bucket, and magnet steel is other inswept from tongue tube, and tongue tube on off operating mode is changed; The every overturning of tipping bucket (4) once, just connect once by double dry-reed pipe (2), exports one group of switching signal to signal acquisition process communication unit (13), represents the rainfall amount of a resolving accuracy value; Left and right two small rooms of tipping bucket (4) are accepted rainwater, weigh, are measured in the water outlet of influent hopper (7) rising pipe in turn; Micro valve (10) is positioned at upwards 2cm place, influent hopper (7) rising pipe bottom, the upper end of bypass mozzle (11) communicates with influent hopper (7) rising pipe top sidewall, the lower end of bypass mozzle (11) communicates with influent hopper (7) rising pipe bottom sidewall, set screw (6) and circle bubble (8) are arranged on the bottom of skip bucket rainfall sensor, for guaranteeing levelness; Signal acquisition process communication unit (13) comprises the first switch signal acquisition module (21), second switch signal acquisition module (22), the 3rd switch signal acquisition module (23), the 4th switch signal acquisition module (24), data processing module and radio-frequency communication module; 4 switching signals of going alone reed pipe output are connected with 4 switch signal acquisition module respectively, signal acquisition module is connected with radio-frequency communication module with data processing module.
2. a kind of device that improves single tilting bucket rain measuring accuracy and reliability according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described skip bucket rainfall sensor is made by magnalium alloy in lightweight material, and the side surface that catchments of described influent hopper (7) and tipping bucket (4) sprays the teflon coatings (12) of 10 microns.
3. a kind of device that improves single tilting bucket rain measuring accuracy and reliability according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described valve opening and closing device (1), micro valve (10), bypass mozzle (11) form the poor system of damper; Valve opening and closing device (1) be one with the mechanical linkage of spring, when tipping bucket (4) overturning, tipping bucket (4) utilizes the weight driving mechanical Lian Gan Ji Ju valve-off of self; After tipping bucket (4) overturning, turn over φ angle, φ angle is the angle that the left and right small room state conversion time △ t of skip bucket rainfall sensor tipping bucket (4) turns over again, and valve opening and closing device (1) is because of the recovery characteristic of spring Open valve again; In the △ t time, be temporarily stored in the rainwater in influent hopper, the follow-up rainwater of accepting, gather and import another small room until the amount of rainfall of this small room reaches design sensibility reciprocal, reappear the overturning process of first small room, go round and begin again; When valve opening and closing device (1) and micro valve (10) are normally worked, bypass mozzle (11) is inoperative; Once valve opening and closing device (1), lost efficacy or micro valve (10) obstruction, rainwater is walked around through bypass mozzle (11) small room that micro valve (10) flows directly into tipping bucket (4) and is weighed, measures, now the disappearance of the poor systemic-function of damper will make measuring accuracy decline, but the bypass mozzle (11) of setting up is maintained the fundamental measurement function of skip bucket rainfall sensor.
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| CN104237976B (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2016-08-17 | 河海大学 | A kind of tipping bucket triggers Ultrasonic Rain Gauge |
| CN109343156B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-12-15 | 安徽沃特水务科技有限公司 | Rain-proof amount report missing remote measurement terminal machine |
| CN109507761B (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2021-02-02 | 福州小草科技有限公司 | Method for obtaining accurate rainfall data based on equivalent rainfall intensity |
| CN109407182B (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2021-04-20 | 福州小草科技有限公司 | High-precision tipping bucket type rainfall sensor based on bucket duration |
| CN109507760B (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2021-02-02 | 福州小草科技有限公司 | Method for obtaining accurate rainfall data based on bucket number and bucket duration |
| CN109407183B (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2021-04-20 | 福州小草科技有限公司 | Tipping bucket type rainfall sensor for eliminating dynamic loss |
| US20220155487A1 (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2022-05-19 | Dualbase Tecnologia Eletrônica Ltda | Structural arrangement for a tipping bucket rain gauge and related micro controlled electronic system |
| CN110398789A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-01 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | A kind of rainfall amount detecting device of Agricultural Environmental Monitoring |
| CN110554447A (en) * | 2019-10-19 | 2019-12-10 | 徐州市伟思水务科技有限公司 | magnetostrictive rain gauge and rain sensing method |
| CN111811596A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-10-23 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | High-precision small-flow seepage automatic measurement method |
| CN113341482B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2022-11-11 | 黄河水文水资源科学研究院 | Portable precipitation amount acquisition and transmission system |
| CN114814996B (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2024-05-14 | 四川远德安防检测设备有限公司 | Self-checking type rain gauge and fault judging method |
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| CN2070909U (en) * | 1990-01-23 | 1991-02-06 | 原阳县水利局 | Skip type rain teleguage |
| JP2000356686A (en) * | 1999-06-11 | 2000-12-26 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Rainfall measuring device |
| CN102116879A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2011-07-06 | 天津华云天仪特种气象探测技术有限公司 | 0.1mm and 0.5mm sense quantities combined multi-tipping bucket rainfall sensor |
| CN202057818U (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2011-11-30 | 北京奥特美克科技发展有限公司 | Intelligent integrated rainfall station device |
| CN202141820U (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2012-02-08 | 江苏省无线电科学研究所有限公司 | Tipping bucket pluviometer blocking detection mechanism |
| CN102368096A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2012-03-07 | 成都众山科技有限公司 | Skip bucket type rain gauge with wireless data transmitter |
| CN203133299U (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-08-14 | 浙江大学 | Device for improving measurement accuracy and reliability of single-tipping-bucket rain gauge |
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