Horizontal loading test stake top restraint device and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of horizontal loading test stake top restraint device.
The invention still further relates to a kind of pile top restraint method.
Background technology
Dead load test on pile foundation, vertical pressure, vertical uplift force or horizontal thrust is applied exactly step by step on stake top, the sedimentation that observation stake top produces in time, uplift displacement or horizontal movement, to determine the test method of corresponding single pile vertical resistance pressure bearing capacity, unit for single-pile vertical anti-pulling bearing capacity or horizontal bearing capacity of single pile.Dead load test on pile foundation, comprises single pile vertical resistance pressure loading test, unit for single-pile vertical anti-pulling loading test, single pile horizontal loading test.
Single pile horizontal loading test adopts the test method close to piles under lateral load actual operating conditions, determines the horizontal critical load of single pile and ultimate load, presumption resistance parameter, or tests to the horizontal bearing capacity of engineering pile and evaluate.When pile foundation is embedded with strain gauge sensors, the pile foundation stress under respective horizontal load action can be measured, and calculate pile foundation Bending moment distribution situation thus, can be inspection pile foundation intensity, inquire into different depth elastic foundation coefficient foundation is provided.
Under horizontal loads, pile foundation produces is out of shape and extrudes soil around pile, impels soil around pile corresponding distortion occurs and produces horizontal resist forces.When horizontal loading is less, the distortion of soil around pile is flexible, and horizontal resist forces provides primarily of the topsoil near ground; Along with the increase of horizontal loading, the distortion of stake strengthens, and topsoil produces plastic yielding gradually, and horizontal loading is by darker soil layer transmission; When soil around pile lose stable, pile foundation occur to destroy or pile foundation deform more than the permissible value of structure time, horizontal loading also just reaches capacity.
Pile foundation level load test can only adopt conventional loading method at present, and stake top can Free Transform.Current loading method cannot to the operative constraint of stake jacking row, and this does not conform to the force and deformation situation on Practical Project king-pile top.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming of prior art in view of the above, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of horizontal loading test stake top restraint device and method, for solving in the horizontal addload test of prior art, cannot to the operative constraint of stake jacking row, the problem that test conditions does not conform to the force and deformation situation on Practical Project king-pile top.
For achieving the above object and other relevant objects, the invention provides a kind of horizontal loading test stake top restraint device, it comprises the reaction frame be positioned at around pile foundation, reaction frame and laboratory ground are fixed, reaction frame is fixedly connected with rail bracket assembly, be provided with separate type fixed case in rail bracket assembly, separate type fixed case is enclosed within stake top, and the side of separate type fixed case is provided with horizontal loading apparatus; Separate type fixed case comprise multiple separation casing with by multiple fastening structure being separated casing locking, be separated casing and move horizontally in road frame assembly in-orbit, multiple separation casing is fixed by fastening structure and stake top.
Preferably, the quantity being separated casing is two, with the axial symmetry face on stake top for symmetrical plane is symmetrical.Further preferably, be separated casing to match with the outer peripheral face on stake top relative to the inner peripheral surface on stake top.Another kind of further preferred, fastening structure comprises the many screw rods running through two separation casings, and nut is equipped with at the two ends of screw rod.
Such scheme further preferably, rail bracket assembly comprises get on the right track frame and the lower railway frame be positioned at below separate type fixed case that are positioned at above separate type fixed case, be separated above and below casing and be provided with driving wheel, get on the right track on frame, lower railway frame and be equipped with the horizontal guide rail corresponding with driving wheel, driving wheel drives and is separated casing and rolls on guide rail.Further preferred, rail bracket assembly also comprises the bracing frame that two lay respectively at the frame that gets on the right track, the lower railway frame left and right sides, and two, left and right bracing frame is fixedly connected with the frame that gets on the right track, lower railway frame, surrounds the inner space that is placed separate type fixed case.
Such scheme further preferably, stake top is stretched out from rail bracket assembly.Further preferred, the length that stake top is stretched out from rail bracket assembly is 10cm.
For achieving the above object and other relevant objects, the present invention also provides a kind of pile top restraint method, comprises the following steps:
1) be enclosed within stake top by rail bracket assembly and separate type fixed case, rail bracket assembly is fixedly connected with reaction frame;
2) axis on stake top along pile foundation loads vertical load downwards;
3) by the separation casing of separate type fixed case, fixed by fastening structure and stake top;
4) at the side of separate type fixed case, horizontal loading is loaded by horizontal loading apparatus.
Preferably, rail bracket assembly and separate type fixed case are enclosed within stake top, comprise the following steps:
1. be enclosed within stake top by lower railway frame, the guide rail horizontal positioned on lower railway frame, lower railway frame is fixedly connected with reaction frame;
2. be placed on lower railway frame by separate type fixed case, the driving wheel be separated below casing is placed on the guide rail of lower railway frame;
3. the frame that will get on the right track is enclosed within stake top, and is placed on above separate type fixed case, and the driving wheel be separated above casing coordinates with the guide rail got on the right track on frame, and the frame that gets on the right track is fixedly connected with reaction frame.
Further preferred, rail bracket assembly and separate type fixed case are enclosed within stake top, also comprise the 4. step: the left and right sides two bracing frames being placed on get on the right track frame and lower railway frame, and two bracing frames are fixedly connected with the frame that gets on the right track, lower railway frame, surround the inner space that is placed separate type fixed case.
As mentioned above, horizontal loading test stake top restraint device of the present invention and method, have following beneficial effect:
This horizontal loading test stake top restraint device and method, to stake jacking row constraint, make when loading horizontal loading, stake top can only occurred level displacement, and the displacement in corner or other directions does not occur, the pile foundation force and deformation at utmost in simulation Practical Project.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is shown as the structural representation of horizontal loading test stake top of the present invention restraint device.
The structural representation that the A-A that Fig. 2 is shown as the horizontal loading test stake top restraint device shown in Fig. 1 combines to separate type fixed case and rail bracket assembly.
Fig. 3 is shown as the separate type fixed case of the horizontal loading test stake top restraint device shown in Fig. 1 and the structural representation of stake top combination.
Fig. 4 is shown as the separate type fixed case of the horizontal loading test stake top restraint device shown in Fig. 3 and the top view of stake top combination.
Fig. 5 is shown as the structural representation of the first embodiment of the frame that gets on the right track of the horizontal loading test stake top restraint device shown in Fig. 1, lower railway frame and bracing frame combination.
Fig. 6 is shown as the structural representation of the second embodiment of the frame that gets on the right track of the horizontal loading test stake top restraint device shown in Fig. 1, lower railway frame and bracing frame combination.
Fig. 7 is shown as the frame that gets on the right track of horizontal loading test stake top restraint device shown in Fig. 6, the structural representation of lower railway frame.
Fig. 8 be shown as the frame that gets on the right track of the horizontal loading test stake top restraint device shown in Fig. 7, lower railway frame B-B to generalized section.
Fig. 9 is shown as the structural representation of the bracing frame of the horizontal loading test stake top restraint device shown in Fig. 6.
Figure 10 is shown as the C-C of the bracing frame of the horizontal loading test stake top restraint device shown in Fig. 9 to generalized section.
Element numbers explanation
1 reaction frame
2 rail bracket assemblies
21 get on the right track frame
211 rail bracket housings
212 rail bracket cross binding
213 rail bracket diagonal struts
214 rail bracket bolts hole
215 rail brackets reserve lattice
22 lower railway framves
23 guide rails
24 bracing frames
241 bracing frame housings
242 bracing frame cross binding
243 bracing frame diagonal struts
244 bracing frame bolts hole
3 separate type fixed cases
31 are separated casing
321 screw rods
322 nuts
33 driving wheels
4 tops
5 horizontal loading apparatus
Detailed description of the invention
By particular specific embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are described below, person skilled in the art scholar the content disclosed by this manual can understand other advantages of the present invention and effect easily.
Refer to Fig. 1 to Figure 10.Notice, structure, ratio, size etc. that this manual institute accompanying drawings illustrates, content all only in order to coordinate manual to disclose, understand for person skilled in the art scholar and read, and be not used to limit the enforceable qualifications of the present invention, therefore the not technical essential meaning of tool, the adjustment of the modification of any structure, the change of proportionate relationship or size, do not affecting under effect that the present invention can produce and the object that can reach, still all should drop on disclosed technology contents and obtain in the scope that can contain.Simultaneously, quote in this manual as " on ", D score, "left", "right", " centre " and " one " etc. term, also only for ease of understanding of describing, and be not used to limit the enforceable scope of the present invention, the change of its relativeness or adjustment, under changing technology contents without essence, when being also considered as the enforceable category of the present invention.
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the invention provides a kind of horizontal loading test stake top restraint device, it comprises the reaction frame 1 be positioned at around pile foundation, reaction frame 1 and laboratory ground are fixed, reaction frame 1 is fixedly connected with rail bracket assembly 2, be provided with separate type fixed case 3 in rail bracket assembly 2, separate type fixed case 3 is enclosed within stake top 4, and the side of separate type fixed case 3 is provided with horizontal loading apparatus 5; Separate type fixed case 3 comprise multiple separation casing 31 with by multiple fastening structure being separated casing 31 and locking, be separated casing 31 and move horizontally in rail bracket assembly 2, multiple separation casing 31 is fixing by fastening structure and stake top 4.
Separate type fixed case 3 is fixed with stake top 4, because separate type fixed case 3 is retrained by rail bracket assembly 2, can only move horizontally in rail bracket assembly 2, so stake top 4 can only occurred level displacement, and there is not the displacement in corner or other directions, the pile foundation force and deformation at utmost in simulation Practical Project.
The quantity being separated casing 31 is two, with the axial symmetry face on stake top 4 for symmetrical plane is symmetrical, be separated casing 31 to match with the outer peripheral face on stake top 4 relative to the inner peripheral surface on stake top 4, fastening structure comprises the many screw rods 321 running through two separation casings 31, and nut 322 is equipped with at the two ends of screw rod 321.Four corners of two separation casings 31 are provided with four through holes run through, screw rod 321 passes from through hole, loads onto nut 322 at the two ends of screw rod 321, promotes two separation casings 31 close up by rotary nut 322, two separation casings 31, from both direction clamping stake top 4, are fixed with stake top 4.
This separation casing 31 inside can hollow, and centre is provided with many floors, while reducing the weight being separated casing 31, ensures the bulk strength being separated casing 31, make separation casing 31 in use indeformable.
This horizontal loading apparatus 5 can be horizontal addload jack, or other load facility.
Stake top 4 is stretched out from rail bracket assembly 2, and the length that stake top 4 is stretched out from rail bracket assembly 2 is preferably 10cm.Stake top 4 is stretched out from rail bracket assembly 2, ensure that be only carried on stake top 4, rail bracket assembly 2 does not stress when loading vertical load.
As shown in Fig. 5 to Figure 10, rail bracket assembly 2 comprises get on the right track frame 21 and the lower railway frame 22 be positioned at below separate type fixed case 3 that are positioned at above separate type fixed case 3, be separated above and below casing 31 and be provided with driving wheel 33, get on the right track on frame 21, lower railway frame 22 and be equipped with the horizontal guide rail 23 corresponding with driving wheel 33, driving wheel 33 drives and is separated casing 31 and rolls on guide rail 23.
Get on the right track frame 21, lower railway frame 22 structure identical, be referred to as rail bracket.Rail bracket is equipped with rectangular rail bracket housing 211, is provided with rail bracket cross binding 212 in rail bracket housing 211, makes to form multiple square space in rail bracket, and in installation process, stake top 4 is passed from square space.Rail bracket cross binding 212 enhances the intensity of rail bracket.The rail bracket being set to hollow except the square space passed for stake top 4 is reserved except lattice 215, and the diagonal angle in all the other square spaces is also fixedly connected with by rail bracket diagonal strut 213, and rail bracket diagonal strut 213 further enhancing the intensity of rail bracket.
Rail bracket assembly 2 also comprises the bracing frame 24 that two lay respectively at the frame 21 that gets on the right track, lower railway frame 22 left and right sides, and two, left and right bracing frame 24 is fixedly connected with the frame 21 that gets on the right track, lower railway frame 22, surrounds the inner space that is placed separate type fixed case 3.Two bracing frames 24 in left and right are played a supporting role in the side of the frame 21 that gets on the right track, lower railway frame 22, further increase the longitudinal rigidity of rail bracket, rail bracket is made also deformation not to occur under load, thus make stake top 4 can only occurred level displacement, and there is not the displacement in corner or other directions, the pile foundation force and deformation at utmost in simulation Practical Project.
Bracing frame 24 is provided with rectangular bracing frame housing 241, bracing frame housing 241 internal fixtion has bracing frame cross binding 242, bracing frame 24 is made to form square space, the diagonal angle in square space is also fixedly connected with by bracing frame diagonal strut 243, and bracing frame cross binding 242, bracing frame diagonal strut 243 further enhancing the intensity of bracing frame 24.
As shown in Figure 5, the frame 21 that gets on the right track, lower railway frame 22 are only provided with rail bracket cross binding 212, and bracing frame 24 is only provided with bracing frame cross binding 242.As shown in Figure 6, the frame 21 that gets on the right track, lower railway frame 22 are not only provided with rail bracket cross binding 212, are also provided with rail bracket diagonal strut 213; Bracing frame 24 is not only provided with bracing frame cross binding 242, is also provided with bracing frame diagonal strut 243.
Get on the right track frame 21, lower railway frame 22 rail bracket housing 211 be provided with rail bracket bolt hole 214, the bracing frame housing 241 of bracing frame 24 is provided with bracing frame bolt hole 244, rail bracket bolt hole 214 and bracing frame bolt hole 244 one_to_one corresponding, the frame 21 that gets on the right track, lower railway frame 22 and bracing frame 24 are by being fixedly connected with through the bolt of rail bracket bolt hole 214, bracing frame bolt hole 244.
The parts such as reaction frame 1 of the present invention, rail bracket assembly 2, separate type fixed case 3 can adopt Steel material, also can adopt the higher or better material of toughness of other intensity.
The present invention also provides a kind of pile top restraint method, comprises the following steps:
1) be enclosed within stake top 4 by rail bracket assembly 2 and separate type fixed case 3, rail bracket assembly 2 is fixedly connected with reaction frame 1;
2) axis on stake top 4 along pile foundation loads vertical load downwards;
3) by the separation casing 31 of separate type fixed case 3, fixed by fastening structure and stake top 4;
4) at the side of described separate type fixed case 3, horizontal loading is loaded by horizontal loading apparatus 5.
Wherein, rail bracket assembly 2 and separate type fixed case 3 are enclosed within stake top 4, comprise the following steps:
1. be enclosed within stake top 4 by lower railway frame 22, guide rail 23 horizontal positioned on lower railway frame 22, lower railway frame 22 is fixedly connected with reaction frame 1;
2. be placed on lower railway frame 22 by separate type fixed case 3, the driving wheel 33 be separated below casing 31 is placed on the guide rail 23 of lower railway frame 22;
3. the frame 21 that will get on the right track is enclosed within stake top 4, and is placed on above separate type fixed case 3, and the driving wheel 33 be separated above casing 31 coordinates with the guide rail 23 got on the right track on frame 21, and the frame 21 that gets on the right track is fixedly connected with reaction frame 1.
4. two bracing frames 24 are placed on the left and right sides of get on the right track frame 21 and lower railway frame 22, and by two bracing frames 24 with the frame 21 that gets on the right track, lower railway frame 22 by being fixedly connected with through the bolt of rail bracket bolt hole 214, bracing frame bolt hole 244, surround the inner space that is placed separate type fixed case 3.
Wherein, the fastening structure in step 3) can be many screw rods 321 and is contained in the nut 322 at screw rod 321 two ends, by rotary nut 322, separation casing 31 is constantly pushed up 4 close, final fixing with stake top 4 to stake.
In sum, horizontal loading test stake top restraint device of the present invention and method, make when loading horizontal loading, stake top can only occurred level displacement, and the displacement in corner or other directions does not occur, the pile foundation force and deformation at utmost in simulation Practical Project.So the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcoming of the prior art and tool high industrial utilization.
Above-described embodiment is illustrative principle of the present invention and effect thereof only, but not for limiting the present invention.Any person skilled in the art scholar all without prejudice under spirit of the present invention and category, can modify above-described embodiment or changes.Therefore, such as have in art usually know the knowledgeable do not depart from complete under disclosed spirit and technological thought all equivalence modify or change, must be contained by claim of the present invention.