CN103014419A - Al-Fe-Ge-RE铝合金及其制备方法和电力电缆 - Google Patents
Al-Fe-Ge-RE铝合金及其制备方法和电力电缆 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103014419A CN103014419A CN2012104453162A CN201210445316A CN103014419A CN 103014419 A CN103014419 A CN 103014419A CN 2012104453162 A CN2012104453162 A CN 2012104453162A CN 201210445316 A CN201210445316 A CN 201210445316A CN 103014419 A CN103014419 A CN 103014419A
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- aluminium alloy
- alloy
- aluminium
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 234
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 68
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 103
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 97
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 64
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 51
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 43
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 23
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910002703 Al K Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018084 Al-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 229910018137 Al-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018167 Al—Be Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018185 Al—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018182 Al—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018192 Al—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018229 Al—Ga Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018459 Al—Ge Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018507 Al—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018573 Al—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018580 Al—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Al].[Cr] QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 rare earth compound Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
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- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001151 AlNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017073 AlLi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017134 AlSm Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017143 AlSr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical group [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- AHLBNYSZXLDEJQ-FWEHEUNISA-N orlistat Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC[C@H](OC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC=O)C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@H]1CCCCCC AHLBNYSZXLDEJQ-FWEHEUNISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZIZZTHXZRDOFM-XFULWGLBSA-N tamsulosin hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].CCOC1=CC=CC=C1OCCN[C@H](C)CC1=CC=C(OC)C(S(N)(=O)=O)=C1 ZZIZZTHXZRDOFM-XFULWGLBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001136782 Alca Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003321 CoFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019064 Mg-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019406 Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016583 MnAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052773 Promethium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103469034A (zh) * | 2013-08-12 | 2013-12-25 | 安徽盛达前亮铝业有限公司 | 一种led散热器用铝合金及其制备方法 |
CN110923529A (zh) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-27 | 安徽峰创云通数据科技有限公司 | 电力电缆用Al-Cu-Sr-RE-Ge铝合金线及其制备方法 |
CN111618476A (zh) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-04 | 南京航空航天大学 | 高强度铝硅合金焊丝 |
CN113913656A (zh) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-11 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | 一种7075铝合金及其制备方法与应用 |
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CN101805858A (zh) * | 2009-09-23 | 2010-08-18 | 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 | Li-RE高强耐热铝合金材料及其制备方法 |
CN101886198A (zh) * | 2010-07-13 | 2010-11-17 | 安徽欣意电缆有限公司 | 电缆用高导电率铝合金材料及其制备方法 |
CN102268575A (zh) * | 2011-07-20 | 2011-12-07 | 安徽欣意电缆有限公司 | 一种铝合金材料及其制备方法 |
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2012
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CN101587757A (zh) * | 2009-06-19 | 2009-11-25 | 金杯电工股份有限公司 | 一种含稀土元素钇的铝合金电缆线及其制备方法 |
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CN103469034A (zh) * | 2013-08-12 | 2013-12-25 | 安徽盛达前亮铝业有限公司 | 一种led散热器用铝合金及其制备方法 |
CN103469034B (zh) * | 2013-08-12 | 2016-04-06 | 安徽盛达前亮铝业有限公司 | 一种led散热器用铝合金及其制备方法 |
CN110923529A (zh) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-27 | 安徽峰创云通数据科技有限公司 | 电力电缆用Al-Cu-Sr-RE-Ge铝合金线及其制备方法 |
CN111618476A (zh) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-04 | 南京航空航天大学 | 高强度铝硅合金焊丝 |
CN113913656A (zh) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-11 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | 一种7075铝合金及其制备方法与应用 |
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