CN103006353A - 防挠曲髋臼杯 - Google Patents
防挠曲髋臼杯 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103006353A CN103006353A CN2012103708287A CN201210370828A CN103006353A CN 103006353 A CN103006353 A CN 103006353A CN 2012103708287 A CN2012103708287 A CN 2012103708287A CN 201210370828 A CN201210370828 A CN 201210370828A CN 103006353 A CN103006353 A CN 103006353A
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- wall
- acetabular bone
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- radius
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- A61F2002/30014—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis the prosthesis being made from materials having different values of a given property at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in elasticity, stiffness or compressibility
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种髋臼壳,其用于髋关节成形术。所述壳包括第一壁,所述第一壁具有外表面、内表面和边沿。所述壳还包括第二壁,所述第二壁从所述第一壁的外表面延伸。所述第二壁具有外表面、内表面和边沿。所述第二壁的边沿与所述第一壁的边沿向外间隔开。
Description
技术领域
本发明整体涉及在整形外科手术期间使用的植入物。
背景技术
人体内的关节形成两个或更多个骨骼或其它骨肌部分之间的连接结构。踝、髋、膝、肩、肘和腕仅仅是体内能够找到的众多关节中的几个示例。从以上列出的关节示例可以明显看出,许多关节允许骨骼之间的相对运动。例如,关节可以具有滑动、滑移、铰接或球窝运动。例如,踝允许进行铰接运动,膝允许进行滑移和铰接运动的组合,而肩和髋允许通过球窝布置进行运动。
体内的关节受到应力,或者可能以多种方式被损坏。例如,关节经过多年的连续使用,在关节上会出现逐渐的磨损和撕裂。允许运动的关节具有定位在骨骼之间的软骨,以提供对运动的润滑,并且还吸收涉及关节的一些力。随时间推移,关节的正常使用可能磨损软骨,并且使得运动中的骨骼彼此直接接触。相比之下,在正常使用中,来自事故(例如汽车事故)对关节的创伤(例如传递较大的力)可能导致对骨骼、软骨或其它结缔组织例如肌腱或韧带的相当大的伤害。
关节病,涉及关节疾病的术语,是关节可能变得损伤的另一种方式。也许最为人们知道的关节疾病是关节炎,其通常指的是导致疼痛、溶胀、硬化、不稳定和通常变形的关节疾病或炎症。
存在许多不同形式的关节炎,其中骨关节炎是最为常见的,其由关节内的软骨的磨损和撕裂所导致。另一个类型的关节炎是骨坏死,其是由于缺少血液供应而使得骨骼的一部分坏死所导致的。其它类型的关节炎由对关节的创伤引起,而诸如类风湿性关节炎、狼疮和银屑病关节炎的其它关节炎损伤软骨,并且与关节内层的炎症相关。
髋关节是常常受到关节病折磨的一种关节。髋关节是连接股骨或大腿骨与骨盆的球窝关节。骨盆具有被称为髋臼的半球窝,其用于接纳股骨中的球窝头部。股骨的头部和髋臼包覆有软骨,以允许股骨易于在骨盆中运动。常常受到关节病折磨的其它关节包括脊骨、膝、肩、腕骨、掌骨和手的指骨。与关节病相对的关节成形术常常指的是制造人工关节。在关节炎或其它形式的关节病的严重情况下,例如当无法承受疼痛时或者当关节的可运动范围有限时,可以有理由考虑用人工关节部分或整体替换该关节。当然,用于替换关节的过程随着所考虑的具体关节而变化,但是通常包括用假体关节植入物替换受病痛折磨的骨骼的末端部分,并且插入一构件以用作软骨的替代品。
假体关节植入物由刚性材料形成,其变得与骨骼结合并且给关节提供强度和刚度。软骨替代构件被选择成提供对关节的润滑,并且吸收一些压缩力。用于植入物的合适材料包括金属和复合材料,例如钛、钴铬合金、不锈钢、陶瓷材料,用于软骨替代品的合适材料包括聚乙烯。粘固剂还可以用来将假体关节植入物固定到宿主骨骼。
例如,整体髋替换包括移除股骨的球形头部,并且将杆植入物插入到骨骼的中心中,该骨骼的中心指的是骨骼的髓管或骨髓。杆植入物可以粘固到髓管中,或者可以具有多孔的涂覆表面,以用于允许骨骼直接合拢到植入物。杆植入物具有颈部和球形头部,其用来执行与健康的股骨的颈部和球形头部相同的功能。
杯或壳可以直接设置到髋臼中。杯或壳可以包括多孔的涂层,以用于促进骨骼生长,从而将壳固定到髋臼。作为另外一种选择或除此之外,壳可以包括开口或多个开口,以用于接纳骨钉,从而帮助将壳附接到髋臼。杯可以由金属制成,所述金属例如钴铬合金、不锈钢或钛。或者,杯可以由陶瓷材料或聚乙烯制成。在一些实施例中,杯直接接合头部。在其它实施例中,某些种类的衬里被插入到杯中,以铰接靠着头部。衬里可以由金属、陶瓷或聚乙烯制成。
当插入杯或壳时,髋臼腔体通常被扩大到小于待被插入的壳的尺寸。然后,壳压配合到骨骼中。然而,这样的压配合可能施加足够大的载荷而使得壳挠曲。壳的挠曲可能导致许多术中问题,而这可能导致外科手术延缓、患者损伤或产品不满意。
因此,对于壳而言需要能够被压配合到下扩的髋臼腔体中,但是仍然不会挠曲而影响壳的内部。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个实施例,提供用于髋关节成形术的髋臼壳。该壳包括第一壁,该第一壁具有外表面、内表面和边沿。该壳还包括第二壁,该第二壁从第一壁的外表面延伸。第二壁具有外表面、内表面和边沿。第二壁的边沿与第一壁的边沿向外间隔开。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,提供用于髋关节成形术的髋臼组件。该组件包括壳,该壳包括第一壁,该第一壁具有外表面和内表面。该外表面包括第一半径。该壳还包括第二壁,该第二壁从第一壁的外表面延伸。第二壁具有外表面和内表面。内表面具有第二半径。第二壁的内表面的第二半径大于第一壁的外表面的第一半径。该组件还包括衬里,该衬里适于联接到第一壁的内表面。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,提供制造髋臼壳的方法。该方法包括制造髋臼壳的第一壁和制造髋臼壳的第二壁。使髋臼壳的第二壁滑动到第一壁上方,并且第二壁固定到第一壁。
附图说明
为了更完全地理解本发明及其优点,现在参考以下结合附图的描述,其中:
图1为根据本发明的一个实施例的髋臼壳的透视图;
图2为图1的髋臼壳的剖视图;
图3为图1的髋臼壳的顶视图;
图4为图1的髋臼壳和相关的衬里的组件的剖视图;
图5为图1的髋臼壳插入到模拟的压配合髋臼中的透视图;以及
图6为根据本发明的一个实施例的制造髋臼壳的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
通过参考以下的描述和附图最佳地理解本发明的实施例及其优点,其中相同的附图标记用于附图中相同的和对应的部件。
现在转到图1,其示出了髋臼壳(或杯)10。髋臼壳10包括第一壁12和从第一壁12延伸的第二壁14。第二壁14永久性地固定到第一壁12。第一壁12具有外表面16、内表面18和联接两个表面16、18的边沿20。第二壁14包括外表面22、内表面24(图2)和联接两个表面22、24的边沿26。第二壁14的边沿26由第一壁12的边沿20向外间隔开。换句话讲,在第二壁14的内表面24和第一壁12的外表面16之间具有凹部28。凹部28允许第二壁14在其插入到制备的髋臼中时挠曲,而不挠曲第一壁12。这将在以下更加完整详细地解释。
如图1所示,第二壁14可以包括多个向外延伸的凸缘30。凸缘30被纵向凹部32间隔开。凸缘30和凹部32允许第二壁14在插入到制备的髋臼中时挠曲。在其它实施例中,第二壁14可以不包括被凹部32间隔开的凸缘30。在这些实施例中,第二壁14可以是在插入到制备的髋臼中时挠曲的单一的大致球形的壁。
现在转到图2,示出了髋臼壳10的剖视图。如图所示,第二壁14从内壁12向外延伸,从而形成凹部28。另外,如该实施例中所示,第一壁12的边沿20延伸低于第二壁14的边沿26。在一些髋臼壳设计中,期望的是,第一壁12延伸得比第二壁14远,以用于增加衬里34的锥形接合(图4)。在其它实施例中,边沿20、26可以处于相同的平面中。在其它实施例中,第二壁14的边沿26可以延伸低于第一壁12的边沿20。
第一壁12的内表面18是凹的,并且设计成与衬里34匹配(图4)。内表面18包括锁定机构36,该锁定机构36在这个实施例中包括锥形部38和锁定凹部40。锁定机构36与衬里34上的对应特征相互作用,以将衬里34锁定到壳10中。在其它实施例中,可以使用不同类型的锁定机构,例如,可以仅仅使用锥形部或者可以仅仅使用锁定环。在其它实施例中,可以使用其它已知锁定机构,例如螺纹锁定件、螺钉、销等。
第一壁12的外表面16示出为是球形的。然而,在某些其它实施例中,外表面16的形状可以为圆柱形。如图3所示,外表面16(无论是圆柱形还是球形)具有半径r1。半径r1小于第二壁14的内表面24的半径r2。r1和r2之间的差为在第一壁12受到影响之前第二壁14能够被压缩的量。第二壁14的外表面22具有半径r3,该半径r3的大小形成为配合到制备的髋臼中。当第一壁12的内表面18设计成与上述衬里34匹配时,其将具有对应于衬里34的半径的半径r4。在一些实施例中,将提供多个壳10,其具有多种半径r3,以配合到各种髋臼中。另外,第一壁12的内表面18的半径r4还可以在一组壳10内变化,以便适应不同的衬里34。
图4示出了壳10,衬里34组装到该壳10中。如图所示,衬里34包括与壳10的锁定机构36对应的锁定机构42。在这个实施例中,锁定机构42包括对应于壳的锥形部38的锥形部44以及锁定到壳10的锁定凹部40中的锁定环46。在一些实施例中,锁定机构42可以仅仅包括锥形部44或锁定环46,而不是包括这两者。在其它实施例中,锥形部44可以不锁定到壳的锥形部38中。锥形部38、44可以仅仅是匹配锥形部,以允许易于插入。在其它实施例中,可以使用其它类型的锁定机构。
现在转到图5,壳10示出为插入到模拟的压配合髋臼48中。如图所示,模拟的髋臼48压缩壳10的第二壁14。如图5所示,第二壁14的凸缘50与内壁18的距离为D1。第二壁14的凸缘52与内壁18的距离为D2。在未压缩状态下,D1与D2大致相同。然而,当第二壁14被髋臼48压缩时,D2变得小于D1。甚至在压缩期间,内(或第一)壁12保持不变。从而,当可以在壳10插入到髋臼48中之前或之后插入衬里34时,锁定锥形部38和锁定凹部40不受影响。
现在转到图6,将描述根据本发明一个实施例的制造壳的方法。在步骤s100,利用已知的方法制造第一壁12。在一个实施例中,机加工第一壁12。然而,也可以使用其它已知方法。在步骤s102,制造第二壁14,然后使该第二壁14滑动到第一壁12上(步骤s104)。经由烧结过程或者通过向壳添加多孔的外涂层,第二壁14固定到第一壁12上(步骤s106)。在其它实施例中,第一和第二壁可以焊接在一起或者经由紧固件附接在一起。
在其它实施例中,壳10可以制造为单个部件。然后,可以在壳10中切割凹部28,以形成第一和第二壁12、14。
在当前实施例中,壳10由生物相容性金属制成,所述生物相容性金属例如钛、钴铬合金、不锈钢。壳10还可以由多孔金属制成,所述多孔金属例如印第安纳州沃索的DePuy公司(DePuy,Inc.(Warsaw,IN))制造的如上所述,壳10可以具有被烧结的涂层,例如印第安纳州沃索的DePuy整形外科公司(DePuy Orthopaedics,Inc.(Warsaw,IN))制造的也可以使用其它已知多孔涂层和材料。在其它实施例中,壳可以由生物相容性陶瓷或塑料制成,所述生物相容性陶瓷或塑料例如超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)或聚醚醚酮(PEEK)。在一些实施例中,第一和第二壁12、14由相同的材料制成。在其它实施例中,第一和第二壁12、14可以由不同的材料制成。在这些实施例中,第一壁12可以由较刚性的材料制成,第二壁14可以由较柔性的材料制成。
在一些实施例中,衬里34可以由生物相容性金属制成,所述生物相容性金属例如钛、钴铬合金和不锈钢。在其它实施例中,衬里34可以由生物相容性聚乙烯制成,所述生物相容性聚乙烯例如UHMWPE、具有抗氧化剂的聚乙烯(包括具有抗氧化剂的UHMWPE)和PEEK。衬里34也可以由如本领域中已知的生物相容性陶瓷制成。
虽然本发明可具有各种修改和替代形式,但其具体实施例已经以举例的方式在附图中示出。然而应当理解,本文无意将本发明限制为所公开的具体形式,而是相反,本发明的目的在于涵盖落入如由所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围内的所有修改形式、等同形式和替代形式。
Claims (20)
1.一种髋臼壳,其用于髋关节成形术,所述壳包括:
第一壁,所述第一壁具有外表面、内表面和边沿;以及
第二壁,所述第二壁从所述第一壁的所述外表面延伸,所述第二壁具有外表面、内表面和边沿;
其中所述第二壁的所述边沿由所述第一壁的所述边沿向外间隔开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的髋臼壳,其中所述第一壁的所述内表面包括锁定机构,所述锁定机构用于将衬里锁定到所述壳。
3.根据权利要求2所述的髋臼壳,其中所述锁定机构包括锥形部。
4.根据权利要求2所述的髋臼壳,其中所述锁定机构包括锁定凹部。
5.根据权利要求1所述的髋臼壳,其中所述第一壁的所述外表面是凸的。
6.根据权利要求5所述的髋臼壳,其中所述第一壁的所述外表面具有第一半径,所述第二壁的所述内表面具有第二半径,所述第二半径大于所述第一半径。
7.根据权利要求1所述的髋臼壳,其中所述第二壁包括多个向外延伸的凸缘。
8.根据权利要求1所述的髋臼壳,其中所述第一壁的所述外表面是圆柱形。
9.根据权利要求1所述的髋臼壳,其中所述第一壁的所述内表面是凹的。
10.一种髋臼组件,其用于髋关节成形术,所述组件包括:
壳,所述壳包括
第一壁,所述第一壁具有外表面和内表面,所述外表面具有第一半径,和
第二壁,所述第二壁从所述第一壁的所述外表面延伸,所述第二壁具有外表面和内表面,所述内表面具有第二半径,
其中所述第二壁的所述内表面的所述第二半径大于所述第一壁的所述外表面的所述第一半径;以及
衬里,所述衬里适于联接到所述第一壁的所述内表面。
11.根据权利要求10所述的髋臼系统,其中所述第二壁包括多个向外延伸的凸缘。
12.根据权利要求10所述的髋臼系统,其中所述第一壁的所述外表面是圆柱形。
13.根据权利要求10所述的髋臼系统,其中所述第一壁的所述外表面是大致球形。
14.根据权利要求10所述的髋臼系统,其中所述第一壁的所述内表面包括锁定机构,所述锁定机构用于将所述衬里锁定到所述壳中。
15.根据权利要求10所述的髋臼系统,其中所述壳选自多个壳,所述衬里选自多个衬里。
16.根据权利要求15所述的髋臼系统,其中所述多个衬里包括至少一个衬里,所述至少一个衬里由与所述多个衬里中的至少一个其他衬里不同的材料制成。
17.一种制造髋臼壳的方法,所述方法包括:
制造所述髋臼壳的第一壁;
制造所述髋臼壳的第二壁;
使所述髋臼壳的所述第二壁滑动到所述第一壁上方;
将所述第二壁固定到所述第一壁。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中将所述第二壁固定到所述第一壁包括将所述第二壁经由烧结固定到所述第一壁。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中制造所述第二壁包括利用多个向外延伸的凸缘形成所述第二壁。
20.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中制造所述第一壁包括制造具有第一半径的外壁,制造所述第二壁包括制造具有第二半径的内壁,所述第二半径大于所述第一半径。
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- 2012-09-26 AU AU2012227340A patent/AU2012227340B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-09-26 ZA ZA2012/07212A patent/ZA201207212B/en unknown
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CN113576718B (zh) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-02-18 | 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司 | 髋臼杯假体 |
Also Published As
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US9180013B2 (en) | 2015-11-10 |
EP2574309B1 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
EP2796111A1 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
CN103006353B (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
US20130079887A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
AU2012227340B2 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
JP2013071003A (ja) | 2013-04-22 |
ZA201207212B (en) | 2014-09-25 |
EP2574309A1 (en) | 2013-04-03 |
DK2574309T3 (da) | 2014-09-29 |
AU2012227340A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
ES2516825T3 (es) | 2014-10-31 |
US9713531B2 (en) | 2017-07-25 |
JP6109515B2 (ja) | 2017-04-05 |
US20160022424A1 (en) | 2016-01-28 |
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