CN103000996A - Uniform circular array direction-finder antenna receiving mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a receiving mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system of a uniform circular array direction-finding antenna. The coupled antenna port voltage unit, the construction of a mutual coupling voltage matrix unit, the construction of a mutual coupling current matrix unit, and the construction of a uniform circular array receiving transimpedance matrix unit. The receiving mutual impedance test of the uniform circular array direction-finding antenna is performed by setting an arbitrary horizontal incoming wave direction, and testing the antenna port voltage under the mutual coupling effect of all array elements and the antenna port voltage under the removal of the mutual coupling effect, according to the receiving The mutual impedance theory establishes the uniform circular array receiving mutual impedance matrix; then, when the direction finding equipment is working with the uniform circular array receiving mutual impedance matrix, the mutual coupling compensation is performed on the direction finding terminal processor at the working frequency point, so that the direction finding equipment The output orientation is more accurate.

Description

A Uniform Circular Array Direction Finding Antenna Receiving Mutual Impedance Test and Mutual Coupling Compensation System

technical field

The present invention relates to a method for testing the electromagnetic interference of a direction-finding antenna, more particularly, it refers to a method for testing the receiving mutual impedance of a uniform circular array direction-finding antenna in a direction-finding device, and testing the uniform A system for compensating the mutual coupling of circular array direction finding antennas.

Background technique

Radio direction finding is the process of using radio directional equipment to determine the direction of the working radio radiation source. It is an important content of electromagnetic spectrum management and an important basis for sorting and identifying radio signals. Array antennas, especially uniform circular array direction-finding antennas, have a wide range of applications in radio direction-finding, including amplitude ratio, phase ratio, correlation interferometer, and spatial spectrum estimation. and other information to estimate the incoming wave direction. In these direction-finding systems, it is generally considered that the array elements in the array work ideally without interfering with each other. In fact, in the array antenna, each array element is an open circuit, and the array elements are not completely isolated, but there is mutual influence, that is, the mutual coupling effect. The mutual coupling effect is a key problem of antenna arrays, especially small-pitch antenna arrays, and plays a decisive role in the systemic quality of direction-finding equipment. Due to the mutual coupling effect, when the uniform circular array direction-finding antenna is receiving, the received signal of each array element is not only the response to the incident plane wave, but also includes the response to the scattered field caused by the surrounding array elements, so the existence of the mutual coupling effect will To increase the direction-finding error of the direction-finding equipment and reduce the direction-finding accuracy, it is necessary to consider taking corresponding compensation measures to improve the direction-finding accuracy of the direction-finding equipment.

After searching the literature of the prior art, it was found that in 2004, Hon Tai Hui published "A New Definition of Mutual Impedance for Application in Dipole Receiving Antenna Arrays" in IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION (Antenna and Wireless Propagation) LETTERS Volume 3 Based on the new definition of mutual impedance of dipole receiving antenna array), this paper proposes the concept of "receiving mutual impedance" which is different from the traditional definition of mutual impedance, based on which an accurate mutual coupling model of receiving antenna array is established, and two In the case of array elements, how to test to obtain the receiving mutual impedance. In May 2004, Hon Tai Hui published "A Practical Approach to Compensate for the MutualCoupling Effect in an Adaptive Dipole Array" in IEEETRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (Antenna and Propagation) Volume 52, Issue 5 Practical method for coupling influence)", this paper proposes an array antenna mutual coupling compensation model based on the theory of receiving mutual impedance, which can realize accurate compensation of multi-element array antenna mutual coupling, but the receiving mutual impedance data of the array antenna needs to be known accurately.

In 2010, H.S.Lui published "Improved mutual coupling compensation in compact antenna arrays" in IET Microw.Antennas Propag. Volume 4, which proposed an array antenna based on multi-angle testing Accurate transimpedance data method, the disadvantage of this method is that it is necessary to set the incoming wave in the horizontal direction from the number of array elements minus one direction, and it is necessary to accurately record the mutual coupling of each array element and the antenna port for removing mutual coupling in each incoming wave Voltage value, its test steps are cumbersome.

"Radio Monitoring and Direction Finding and Positioning" published by Xidian University Press in November 2011, the first edition, authored by Zhang Hongshun. The composition of the direction-finding equipment is disclosed in the second subsection of the first section of Chapter 5, as shown in Figure 1. In the figure, the direction-finding equipment includes a direction-finding antenna, a direction-finding channel receiver and a direction-finding terminal processor .

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the influence of the mutual coupling effect of each array element of the uniform circular array direction finding antenna on the direction finding accuracy of the direction finding device, the invention proposes a uniform circular array direction finding antenna suitable for the direction finding device Receive mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system. The receiving mutual impedance test of the uniform circular array direction finding antenna sets an arbitrary horizontal incoming wave direction, and tests the antenna port voltage under the mutual coupling effect of all array elements and the antenna port voltage under the removal of the mutual coupling effect. Impedance theory establishes the uniform circular array receiving mutual impedance matrix; then, when the direction finding equipment is working with the uniform circular array receiving mutual impedance matrix, the mutual coupling compensation is performed on the direction finding terminal processor at the working frequency point, so that the direction finding equipment outputs The orientation is more accurate.

A uniform circular array direction-finding antenna receiving mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system of the present invention, the transmitting antenna in the system is connected to the output port of the network analyzer through a radio frequency cable, any one of the uniform circular array direction-finding antennas The element is connected to the input port of the network analyzer through the radio frequency cable, and the network analyzer is connected to the computer data line; in order to solve the mutual coupling effect of each array element of the uniform circular array direction-finding antenna in the direction-finding device on the direction-finding accuracy of the direction-finding device Due to the impact caused, the computer is equipped with a mutual impedance test and a mutual coupling compensation system capable of calculating and processing the S21 parameters obtained by the network analyzer test; the mutual impedance test and the mutual coupling compensation system include receiving mutual impedance model establishment unit, obtain the antenna port voltage unit under mutual coupling of array elements, obtain the antenna port voltage unit without mutual coupling of array elements, construct a mutual coupling voltage matrix unit, construct a mutual coupling current matrix unit, and construct a uniform circular array receiving transimpedance matrix unit ;

下对均匀圆阵测向天线进行测试时的接收互阻抗数值；On the one hand, the receiving transimpedance model building unit sets different incoming wave horizontal angles θ, and on the other hand obtains the incoming wave horizontal angle θ at the same operating frequency point

The following is the receiving mutual impedance value when testing the uniform circular array direction finding antenna;

Obtain the antenna port voltage under the mutual coupling of array elements. By collecting the voltage value of each array element connected with a dummy load, the loaded port voltage VV={V ₁ ,V ₂ ,…,V _i } of the relevant S21 parameters is formed ;

Obtain the antenna port voltage under no array element mutual coupling The unit collects the voltage value of each array element to form the unloaded port voltage UU={U ₁ , U ₂ ,...,U _i } of the relevant S21 parameters;

Construct the mutual coupling voltage matrix unit to construct different mutual coupling voltage matrices according to the odd and even numbers of the direction-finding antennas of the uniform circular array;

Construct the mutual coupling current matrix unit to construct different mutual coupling current matrices according to the odd and even numbers of the direction-finding antennas of the uniform circular array;

Construct the receiving transimpedance matrix unit of the uniform circular array Construct the receiving transimpedance matrix unit of the uniform circular array The receiving transimpedance matrix IMP={IMP _{odd number} , IMP _{even number} } of the uniform circular array direction-finding antenna is obtained by using the strip and cyclic characteristics.

The advantages of the mutual impedance testing and mutual coupling compensation system of the present invention are:

① At the corresponding frequency point where the receiving transimpedance matrix data exists, it is possible to accurately perform mutual coupling compensation for the array receiving signal generated by the uniform circular array direction-finding antenna for the signal of unknown incoming wave direction.

② It is only necessary to set the antenna port voltage under the mutual coupling effect of all array elements and the antenna port voltage under the mutual coupling effect to obtain the receiving mutual impedance matrix of the frequency point by setting an arbitrary incoming wave horizontal angle test, and the test workload is small .

③The distance between the uniform circular array direction finding antenna can be made very small, and the volume of the vehicle-mounted or portable uniform circular array direction finding antenna can be reduced.

④ The present invention can be used for the mutual impedance test of the uniform circular array direction finding antenna, and can also be used for the mutual coupling compensation of the uniform circular array direction finding antenna that may be used in direction finding systems such as amplitude ratio, phase comparison, correlation interferometer, and spatial spectrum estimation. Improve direction finding accuracy.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of traditional direction finding equipment.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the receiving mutual impedance test structure of the uniform circular array direction finding antenna of the present invention.

Fig. 2A is a schematic diagram of the layout of the uniform circular array DF antenna of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the receiving mutual impedance test and compensation of the uniform circular array direction-finding antenna of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a comparison chart of the direction finding results between the mutual coupling compensation and the non-mutual coupling compensation using the method of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The method proposed by the invention is an improvement on the influence caused by the mutual coupling effect of the direction-finding antenna that occurs when the direction-finding equipment is performed in the existing direction-finding equipment. In order to test the receiving mutual impedance of the uniform circular array direction finding antenna, the present invention builds a mutual impedance testing system capable of satisfying the receiving mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation of a uniform circular array direction finding antenna, as shown in Figure 2, The system includes a computer, a network analyzer, a uniform circular array direction-finding antenna and a transmitting antenna; the computer is equipped with a mutual impedance test and a mutual coupling compensation system capable of calculating and processing the S21 parameters obtained by the network analyzer test. The mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system are programmed by Matlab 2009b software.

The computer is a modern intelligent electronic device that can automatically and high-speed perform a large number of numerical calculations and various information processing according to pre-stored programs. The minimum configuration is CPU2GHz, memory 2GB, hard disk 60GB; the operating system is windows XP or above. The computer can run Matlab 2009b software.

The uniform circular array direction-finding antenna is a uniform circular array direction-finding antenna in the direction-finding device as shown in FIG. 1 .

The system designed by the present invention that can meet the requirements of uniform circular array direction finding antenna, receiving mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation includes a receiving mutual impedance model establishment unit, a unit for obtaining antenna port voltage under mutual coupling of array elements, and a unit for obtaining mutual coupling without array elements Antenna port voltage unit, construct mutual coupling voltage matrix unit, construct mutual coupling current matrix unit, construct uniform circular array receiving mutual impedance matrix unit. The receiving mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system operates according to the process shown in Figure 3 .

(1) Receiving mutual impedance model building unit

Referring to Fig. 2, in the present invention, the uniform circular array direction-finding antenna includes the first array element ele ₁ , the second array element ele ₂ , ..., the last array element ele _i , i represents the array element Identification number (also the total number of array elements i≥2). For the convenience of describing the expression below, the last array element ele _i is also referred to as any array element. In order to obtain accurate receiving transimpedance values, except for the array element connected to the network analyzer, the other array elements need to be connected with an impedance-matched dummy load. The dummy load connected to the first element ele ₁ is marked as Z _L-1 , the dummy load connected to the second element ele ₂ is marked as Z _L-2 ,, ..., the dummy load connected to the last element ele _i Denoted as Z _Li . The dummy loads connected to all array elements are expressed in a set form as ZZ _L ={Z _L-1 , Z _L-2 , . . . , Z _Li }.

（单位MHz）、信号输出功率记为W_NA（单位dBm）。网络分析仪中信号发生器的第一个工作频点记为

网络分析仪中信号发生器的第二个工作频点记为

网络分析仪中信号发生器的第R个工作频点记为R表示工作频点的个数。一般地，输出功率W_NA＝0dBm，也就是功率为1mW。假定

工作频点

为依据测向设备的主要工作频段而选取。Referring to Fig. 2, in the present invention, the network analyzer is selected as the model Agilent 8719D analyzer produced by Agilent Technologies Co., Ltd. Set any working frequency point of the signal generator in the network analyzer as

(in MHz), and the signal output power is recorded as W _NA (in dBm). The first operating frequency point of the signal generator in the network analyzer is recorded as

The second operating frequency of the signal generator in the network analyzer is recorded as

The Rth operating frequency point of the signal generator in the network analyzer is recorded as R represents the number of operating frequency points. Generally, the output power W _NA =0 dBm, that is, the power is 1 mW. assumed

Working frequency

It is selected according to the main working frequency band of the direction finding equipment.

Referring to Fig. 2, in the present invention, the transmitting antenna can be a 10kHz-220MHz EFG-3D electric field generator, a 200MHz-1GHz AF4000 horn antenna or a 1GHz-4.2GHz AF4510 horn antenna. The transmitting antenna is selected according to the frequency of the receiving transimpedance.

In the mutual impedance test system designed by the present invention, the transmitting antenna is connected to the output port of the network analyzer through a radio frequency cable, and any array element in the uniform circular array direction finding antenna is connected to the input port of the network analyzer through a radio frequency cable, and the network The analyzer is connected with the computer data line. Referring to Figure 2, the installation horizontal distance between the transmitting antenna and the uniform circular array direction-finding antenna is recorded as the D _spacing , and the installation horizontal _distance D is generally greater than 10 times the working wavelength of the transmitting antenna.

所述来波仰角

为固定设置一个角度，通常为90度（解决低仰角条件下来波引起的均匀圆阵测向天线互耦影响）。来波方向在均匀圆阵测向天线阵列面上的投影沿逆时针方向与X轴的夹角记为来波水平角θ，所述来波水平角θ在同一工作频点

下对均匀圆阵测向天线接收互阻抗测试时为固定设置的一个角度，θ为0度至360度任意选。在第一个工作频点

下的来波水平角θ记为θ¹（简称为第一来波水平角θ¹）、第二个工作频点

下的来波水平角θ记为θ²（简称为第二来波水平角θ²）、……、第R个工作频点

下的来波水平角θ记为θ^R（简称为任意一来波水平角θ^R）。Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 2A, all antenna array elements constitute a uniform circular array direction finding antenna array surface, the center point O of the uniform circular array direction finding antenna array surface is the coordinate origin O, and the center point O points to the first The array element is the X-axis, the axis perpendicular to the uniform circular array direction-finding antenna array surface at the origin O of the coordinates is the Z-axis, and the axis perpendicular to the X-axis and the Z-axis at the origin O of the coordinates is the Y-axis. The angle between the incoming wave direction and the Z axis is recorded as the incoming wave elevation angle

The incoming wave elevation angle

Set an angle for fixing, usually 90 degrees (to solve the mutual coupling effect of the uniform circular array direction finding antenna caused by the wave under the condition of low elevation angle). The angle between the projection of the incoming wave direction on the surface of the uniform circular array direction-finding antenna array along the counterclockwise direction and the X-axis is recorded as the incoming wave horizontal angle θ, and the incoming wave horizontal angle θ is at the same operating frequency point

When testing the receiving mutual impedance of the uniform circular array direction finding antenna, it is a fixed angle, and θ can be selected arbitrarily from 0 to 360 degrees. at the first working frequency

The incoming wave horizontal angle θ below is recorded as θ ¹ (abbreviated as the first incoming wave horizontal angle θ ¹ ), the second operating frequency

The incoming wave horizontal angle θ below is recorded as θ ² (abbreviated as the second incoming wave horizontal angle θ ² ), ..., the Rth working frequency point

The incoming wave horizontal angle θ below is denoted as θ ^R (abbreviated as any incoming wave horizontal angle θ ^R ).

In the present invention, on the one hand, the receiving mutual impedance model building unit sets different incoming wave horizontal angles θ, and on the other hand obtains the incoming wave horizontal angle θ at the same operating frequency point The following is the receiving mutual impedance value when testing the uniform circular array direction finding antenna.

(2) Obtain the antenna port voltage under mutual coupling of array elements

Obtain the antenna port voltage under the mutual coupling of array elements. By collecting the voltage value of each array element connected with a dummy load, the loaded port voltage VV={V ₁ ,V ₂ ,…,V _i } of the relevant S21 parameters is formed . In order to obtain the voltage value of each array element, the following processing steps are adopted:

Step 201: Connect the first array element ele ₁ to the input port of the network analyzer, connect the dummy loads with impedance matching to the remaining array elements, connect the transmitting antenna to the output port of the network analyzer, and connect the network analyzer and computer data line connection;

来波水平角θ^R、工作频点

和输出功率W_NA；Step 202: Adjust the transmitting antenna; adjust the incoming wave elevation angle

Incoming wave horizontal angle θ ^R , working frequency point

and output power W _NA ;

W_NA表示连接第一个阵元ele₁时网络分析仪输出的信号功率（单位dBm）；W_in表示功率单位dBm转换成dB单位的单位转换系数，W_in=30；Z_L-1表示第一个阵元ele₁连接的假负载；S_21-1表示连接第一个阵元ele₁时网络分析仪测试到的S21参数；Use a network analyzer to record the S21 parameter obtained from the test of the first element ele ₁ as S _21-1 , and record the voltage at the antenna port of the first element ele ₁ as

W _NA indicates the signal power (in dBm) output by the network analyzer when the first array element ele ₁ is connected; W _in indicates the unit conversion coefficient for converting power unit dBm into dB unit, W _in =30; Z _L-1 indicates the first A dummy load connected to an array element ele ₁ ; S _21-1 represents the S21 parameter tested by the network analyzer when the first array element ele ₁ is connected;

Step 203: Similarly, connect the second array element ele ₂ to the input port of the network analyzer, connect the dummy loads with impedance matching to the other array elements, and connect the transmitting antenna to the output port of the network analyzer, and the network analyzer Connect with computer data line;

为90度、来波水平角为θ、工作频点为f_{网络分析仪}，用网络分析仪记录第二个阵元ele₂测试得到的S21参数记为S_21-2，第二个阵元ele₂天线端口的电压记为

W₂表示连接第二个阵元ele₂时网络分析仪输出的信号功率（单位dBm）；W_in表示功率单位dBm转换成dB单位的单位转换系数，W_in=30；Z_L-2表示第二个阵元ele₂连接的假负载；S₂₁₂表示连接第二个阵元ele₂时网络分析仪测试到的S21参数；Step 204: Adjust the transmitting antenna to keep the incoming wave elevation angle

is 90 degrees, incoming wave horizontal angle is θ, and operating frequency is f _{network analyzer} . Use the network analyzer to record the S21 parameter obtained from the second array element ele ₂ test and denote it as S _21-2 . The second array element ele ₂ The voltage at the antenna port is recorded as

W ₂ indicates the signal power output by the network analyzer when the second array element ele ₂ is connected (in dBm); W _in indicates the unit conversion coefficient for converting the power unit dBm into dB units, W _in =30; Z _L-2 indicates the first The dummy load connected to the two array elements ele ₂ ; S ₂₁₂ indicates the S21 parameters tested by the network analyzer when the second array element ele ₂ is connected;

Similarly, the voltage V ₃ of the antenna port of the third array element, the voltage V ₄ of the antenna port of the fourth array element, ...;

Step 205: Connect the last array element ele _i to the input port of the network analyzer, connect the dummy loads with impedance matching to the remaining array elements, connect the transmitting antenna to the output port of the network analyzer, and connect the network analyzer to the computer data line connect;

Step 206: Adjust the transmitting antenna to keep the incoming wave elevation angle is 90 degrees, incoming wave horizontal angle is θ, and operating frequency is f _{network analyzer} . Use the network analyzer to record the S21 parameter obtained by the test of the last array element ele _i as S _21-i . The last array element ele _i antenna The voltage at the port is recorded as W _i indicates the signal power output by the network analyzer when the last array element ele _i is connected (in dBm); W _in indicates the unit conversion factor for converting power unit dBm into dB unit, W _in =30; Z _Li indicates the last array element The dummy load connected to ele _i (also known as the dummy load connected to any array element); S _21i represents the S21 parameter tested by the network analyzer when the last array element ele _i is connected;

下的单频正弦波条件下，所有阵元的有负载端口电压采用集合形式表达为VV＝{V₁,V₂,…,V_i}。In the present invention, for the uniform circular array DF antenna at the elevation angle

Under the single-frequency sine wave condition, the loaded port voltages of all array elements are expressed as VV={V ₁ ,V ₂ ,…,V _i } in a set form.

(3) Obtain the antenna port voltage without mutual coupling of array elements

The unit for obtaining the antenna port voltage without mutual coupling of array elements collects the voltage value of each array element to form the unloaded port voltage UU={U ₁ , U ₂ , . . . , U _i } of the relevant S21 parameters. In order to obtain the voltage value of each array element at no load, the following processing steps are adopted:

Step 301: Connect the first array element ele ₁ to the input port of the network analyzer, remove the remaining array elements from the uniform circular array DF antenna, connect the transmitting antenna to the output port of the network analyzer, and the network analyzer Connect with computer data line;

来波水平角θ^R、工作频点

和输出功率W_NA；Step 302: Adjust the transmitting antenna; adjust the incoming wave elevation angle

Incoming wave horizontal angle θ ^R , working frequency point

and output power W _NA ;

则第一个阵元ele₁的天线端口的电压记为

Use the network analyzer to record the S21 parameters obtained from the test of the first array element ele ₁ as

Then the voltage at the antenna port of the first array element ele ₁ is recorded as

Step 303: Similarly, connect the second array element ele ₂ to the input port of the network analyzer, remove the remaining array elements from the uniform circular array direction-finding antenna, and connect the transmitting antenna to the output port of the network analyzer, The network analyzer is connected with the computer data line;

为90度、来波水平角为θ、工作频点为f_{网络分析仪}，用网络分析仪记录第二个阵元ele₂天线端口的电压记为 $U_2=S_{21-2}\×\sqrt{{10}^{\frac{W_1-W_{\mathrm{in}}}{10}}\×Z_{L-2}};$ Step 304: Adjust the transmitting antenna to keep the incoming wave elevation angle

is 90 degrees, the incoming wave horizontal angle is θ, and the operating frequency is f _{network analyzer} . Use the network analyzer to record the voltage at the antenna port of the second array element ele ₂ as $u_2=S_{\mathrm{twenty\; one}-2}\×\sqrt{{10}^{\frac{W_1-W_{\mathrm{in}}}{10}}\×Z_{L-2}};$

Similarly, the voltage U ₃ of the antenna port of the third array element, the voltage U ₄ of the antenna port of the fourth array element, ...;

Step 305: Connect the last array element ele _i to the input port of the network analyzer, remove the remaining array elements from the uniform circular array DF antenna, connect the transmitting antenna to the output port of the network analyzer, and connect the network analyzer to the Computer data cable connection;

为90度、来波水平角为θ、工作频点为f_{网络分析仪}，用网络分析仪记录最后一个阵元ele_i天线端口的电压记为 $U_i=S_{21-i}\×\sqrt{{10}^{\frac{W_1-W_{\mathrm{in}}}{10}}\×Z_{L-i}};$ Step 306: Adjust the transmitting antenna to keep the incoming wave elevation angle

is 90 degrees, the incoming wave horizontal angle is θ, and the operating frequency is f _{network analyzer} . Use the network analyzer to record the voltage at the antenna port of the last array element ele _i as $u_i=S_{\mathrm{twenty\; one}-i}\×\sqrt{{10}^{\frac{W_1-W_{\mathrm{in}}}{10}}\×Z_{L-i}};$

In the present invention, for a uniform circular array direction-finding antenna under the condition of a single-frequency sine wave without mutual coupling of array elements, the unloaded port voltages of all array elements are expressed as UU={U ₁ , U ₂ ,..., U _i }.

(4) Construct mutual coupling voltage matrix VU _CM ＝{VU _{CM-odd number} , V _{UCM-even number} }

Constructing the mutual coupling voltage matrix unit constructs different mutual coupling voltage matrices according to the odd and even numbers of the direction-finding antennas of the uniform circular array.

In the present invention, the number of array elements i≥2 in the uniform circular array direction-finding antenna.

When the number of elements in the uniform circular array DF antenna is odd, the mutual coupling voltage matrix

When the number of elements in the uniform circular array DF antenna is even, the mutual coupling voltage matrix

In the present invention, since the parity of the number of array elements will affect the calculation process of receiving mutual impedance, the calculation process is different when the number of array elements is odd or even, and is described separately.

(5) Construct the mutual coupling current matrix I _CM = {I _{odd number} , I _{even number} }

Constructing the mutual coupling current matrix unit constructs different mutual coupling current matrices according to the odd and even numbers of the direction-finding antennas of the uniform circular array.

因此当均匀圆阵测向天线中的阵元个数为奇数时，互耦电流矩阵In the present invention, the mutual coupling current

Therefore, when the number of elements in the uniform circular array DF antenna is odd, the mutual coupling current matrix

In the present invention, the mutual coupling current Therefore, when the number of elements in the uniform circular array DF antenna is even, the mutual coupling current matrix

(6) Construct a uniform circular array receiving mutual impedance matrix

In the present invention, the receiving mutual impedance matrix unit of the uniform circular array is constructed to obtain the receiving mutual impedance matrix IMP={IMP _{odd number} , IMP _{even number} } of the uniform circular array direction-finding antenna by using the strip and cyclic characteristics.

The banded properties are disclosed in IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL.39, NO.3.MARCH 1991; entitled "Direction Finding in the Presence of Mutual Coupling", authored by Benjamin Friedlander, Fellow, IEEE, and Anthony J . Weiss, Senior Member, IEEE.

Publication of IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL.58, NO.3.MARCH 2010; titled "Decoupled 2D Direction of ArrivalEstimation Using Compact Uniform Circular Array in the Presence of Elevation Dependent Mutual Coupling." (Compact Uniform Circular Array 2D Decoupling of Wave Direction Estimation Independent of Elevation Angle), by B.H.Wang, Member, IEEE, and H.T.Hui, Senior Member, IEEE.

In the present invention, according to the banded cyclic characteristics of the receiving transimpedance matrix of the uniform circular array, the symmetric Toeplitz property and the receiving transimpedance theory, the transimpedance matrix IMP with an odd number of array _elements and the mutual impedance matrix with an even number of array elements are obtained. Impedance matrix imp _even .

表示间隔

个阵元的两阵元互阻抗值。

由如下计算得到：said Among them, the number of array elements (i≥2) is an odd number of transimpedance matrix IMP _odd , Z _Li is the dummy load connected to the array element, and Z ₁ represents the mutual impedance value of two adjacent array elements (the interval is also 0 array elements The mutual impedance value of the two array elements), Z ₂ indicates the mutual impedance value of the two array elements separated by one array element, Z ₃ indicates the mutual impedance value of the two array elements separated by 2 array elements, ...,

Indicates the interval

The mutual impedance value of two array elements.

It is calculated as follows:

表示由电流矩阵I_奇数的所有行、第1至第

列的元素构成的矩阵；

表示由电流矩阵I_奇数的所有行、第

至第i-1列的元素构成的矩阵；[]^-1表示对[]的矩阵求逆；

表示反对角线元素为1，其余全为0的维方阵。in

Indicates that all the rows, the 1st to the 1st of the current matrix I _{are odd}

a matrix of elements of the columns;

Indicates that all the rows of the current matrix I _{are odd} , the first

A matrix composed of elements up to the i-1th column; [] ^-1 means to invert the matrix of [];

Indicates that the anti-diagonal elements are 1, and the rest are all 0 Dimensional square matrix.

中，阵元个数（i≥2）为偶数的互阻抗矩阵IMP_偶数中，Z_L-i为阵元连接的假负载，Z₁表示相邻两阵元的互阻抗值，Z₂表示间隔一个阵元的两阵元互阻抗值，Z₃表示间隔2个阵元的两阵元互阻抗值，……，

表示间隔

个阵元的两阵元互阻抗值。由如下计算得到：said

Among them, the number of array elements (i≥2) is an even _number of transimpedance matrix IMP, Z _Li is the dummy load connected to the array element, Z ₁ indicates the mutual impedance value of two adjacent array elements, and Z ₂ indicates that there is an interval of one array The mutual impedance value of the two array elements of the element, Z ₃ represents the mutual impedance value of the two array elements separated by 2 array elements, ...,

Indicates the interval

The mutual impedance value of two array elements. It is calculated as follows:

表示由电流矩阵I_偶数的所有行、第1至第

列的元素构成的矩阵；

表示由电流矩阵I_偶数的所有行、第

至第(i-1)列的元素构成的矩阵；[]^-1表示对[]的矩阵求逆；

表示反对角线元素为1，其余全为0的维方阵。in

Indicates all the rows, the 1st to the 1st _{even numbers} of the current matrix I

a matrix of elements of the columns;

Indicates that all rows with _{even numbers} in the current matrix I, the first

A matrix composed of elements from the (i-1)th column; [] ^-1 means to invert the matrix of [];

Indicates that the anti-diagonal elements are 1, and the rest are all 0 Dimensional square matrix.

Steps (1) to (6) can be repeated many times, and other frequency points can be selected, ... to obtain the receiving mutual impedance of the corresponding frequency point, and store it in the system memory of the processor.

下的接收互阻抗矩阵为

at the first working frequency

The receiving transimpedance matrix under

下的接收互阻抗矩阵为

at the second operating frequency

The receiving transimpedance matrix under

at any operating frequency The receiving transimpedance matrix under

保存在测向终端处理机中，测向设备在进行无线电测向时，当被测无线信号的频率为f_{网络分析仪}时，方位信息处理单元对实时采集到的数据与接收互阻抗矩阵依据互耦补偿关系

进行天线互耦补偿，从而使得测向设备输出的示向度更精确。In the present invention, the receiving transimpedance matrix obtained above is

Stored in the direction-finding terminal processor, when the direction-finding equipment is performing radio direction-finding, when the frequency of the wireless signal to be measured is f _{network analyzer} , the azimuth information processing unit compares the data collected in real time with the received mutual impedance matrix according to the mutual coupling compensation relationship

Antenna mutual coupling compensation is performed, so that the direction orientation output by the direction finding device is more accurate.

In the present invention, the mutual coupling compensation relationship is:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \_</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ele</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; b</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ele</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; b</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ele</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; b</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ele</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1,1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ele</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; b</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ele</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2,2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}$

$<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ele</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; b</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ele</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ele</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ele</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ele</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}$

$<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ele</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; b</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ele</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ele</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ele</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ele</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$

$<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ib</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ele</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}$

Compensation is performed based on the real-time acquisition signals of different antenna elements at the same sampling time, where S _1b is the signal obtained by the first array element ele ₁ at the b-time sampling, and S _2b is the second array element ele ₂ sampling at the b-time The signal obtained when ,..., S _ib is the signal obtained by the i-th array element ele _i at the b-th sampling; S _{nocm_ab} is the signal obtained by the a-th array element ele _a at the b-th sampling after mutual coupling compensation . IMP(a,1) indicates the element value of the receiving transimpedance matrix IMP, row a, column 1; IMP(1,1) indicates the element value of receiving transimpedance matrix IMP, row 1, column 1; ...; IMP(i, i) represents the element value of the i-th row and the i-th column of the receiving transimpedance matrix IMP.

The direction-finding equipment carries out direction-finding tests in the working frequency band, and a uniform circular array direction-finding antenna is set up. The data collected by the azimuth information processing unit in real time is recorded as Signal.

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Singal</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1,1</span>}}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1,2</span>}}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1,3</span>}}& <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}\\ {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2,1</span>}}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2,2</span>}}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2,3</span>}}& <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}\\ & <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>& & & <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>\\ & <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>& & {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; a</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; b</span>}}& <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>\\ & <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>& & & <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>\\ {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}& <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}\end{array}\right]}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}$

Among them, S _{a, b} represent the data obtained by the a-th array element at the b-time sampling, a=1, 2,..., i is the array element number, b=1, 2,..., P is the number of sampling, as For convenience, P represents the total number of samples, and also represents any sampling; S _{1, 1} means the data obtained by the first array element at the first sampling, and S _{1, 2} means that the first array element is in The data obtained during the second sampling, S _{1, 3} means the data obtained by the first array element at the third sampling time, S _{1, P} means the data obtained by the first array element at the P sampling time, S _{2, 1} indicates the data obtained by the second array element at the first sampling, S _{2, 2} indicates the data obtained by the second array element at the second sampling, S _{2, 3} indicates the second The data obtained by the array element at the third sampling time, S _{2, P} means the data obtained by the second array element at the P sampling time, S _{i, 1} means that the i-th array element is sampled at the first time , S _{i, 2} means the data obtained by the i-th array element at the second sampling time, S _{i, 3} means the data obtained by the i-th array element at the third sampling time, S _{i, P} represents the data obtained when the i-th array element is sampled for the Pth time.

的接收互阻抗数据。如果该频点接收互阻抗数据不存在，则选择该频点，重复第（一）至（六）步，测试得到该频点时均匀圆阵测向天线的接收互阻抗，存入测向终端处理机。如果该频点接收互阻抗数据已存在，则方位信息处理单元对实时采集到的数据与该频点接收互阻抗数据依据互耦补偿关系进行天线互耦补偿，得到补偿后的数据记为Singal_nocm。Determine whether there are frequency points in the system memory

received transimpedance data. If the receiving mutual impedance data of the frequency point does not exist, select the frequency point and repeat steps (1) to (6) to test the receiving mutual impedance of the uniform circular array direction-finding antenna at the frequency point and store it in the direction-finding terminal processor. If the receiving mutual impedance data of the frequency point already exists, the azimuth information processing unit performs antenna mutual coupling compensation on the real-time collected data and the receiving mutual impedance data of the frequency point according to the mutual coupling compensation relationship, and the compensated data is recorded as Signal _nocm .

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Singal</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \_</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1,1</span>}}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \_</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1,2</span>}}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \_</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1,3</span>}}& <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \_</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}\\ {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \_</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2,1</span>}}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \_</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2,2</span>}}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \_</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2,3</span>}}& <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \_</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}\\ & <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span>& & & <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span>\\ & <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \_</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; a</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; b</span>}}& & <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>\\ & <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>& & & <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>\\ {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \_</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \_</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \_</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}& <span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span>& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \_</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}\end{array}\right]}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

S _{nocm_i, P} represents the data obtained after the mutual coupling compensation of the i-th array element ele _i at the P-th sampling.

The compensation for the Pth sampling of the first array element ele ₁ is:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \_</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1,2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2,2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}$

The compensation for the Pth sampling of the second array element ele ₂ is:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \_</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2,1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1,1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2,3</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3,3</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}$

The compensation for the P-th sampling of the i-th array element ele ₁ is:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; nocm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \_</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1,1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2,2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; IMP</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}$

After mutual coupling compensation, the azimuth information processing unit performs direction finding processing on the compensated data Singa _lnocm , thereby obtaining a more accurate direction orientation.

Example

The following is an example of a nine-element uniform circular array direction-finding antenna with a radius of 1 meter consisting of nine half-wave dipole omnidirectional antennas. The working frequency is 75MHz, and the matching impedance of each array element is 50Ω. The direction finding system of the direction finding machine adopts the spatial spectrum estimation system of the UCA-RB-MUSIC algorithm. Set two equal-power incoming wave signals to be incident in two directions, the incoming wave elevation angle is 90 degrees, the incoming wave horizontal angle is 30 degrees, and the incoming wave elevation angle is 90 degrees, and the incoming wave horizontal angle is 160 degrees. The simulation in Matlab 2009b software does not perform mutual coupling The compensation and the directional results with mutual coupling compensation are shown in Fig. 4. The estimated peak value of the spatial spectrum in the figure is the directionality of the incoming wave. It can be seen from the results that the resolution and accuracy of the direction orientation are improved after mutual coupling compensation compared with the result without compensation.

Claims (9)

1. a uniform circular array direction-finder antenna receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, transmitting antenna in this system is connected with the output port of network analyzer by radio frequency cable, any one array element in the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is connected with the input port of network analyzer by radio frequency cable, network analyzer is connected with databus, it is characterized in that: for the mutual coupling effect that solves each array element of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna in the direction-finding equipment on the impact that the direction finding precision of direction-finding equipment causes, mutual impedance test and the mutual coupling compensation system that can carry out computing to the S21 parameter that the network analyzer test obtains are installed in the described computer; Described mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system include and receive the mutual impedance model and set up the unit, obtain antenna port voltage cell under the array element mutual coupling, obtain without the antenna port voltage cell under the array element mutual coupling, make up mutual coupling voltage matrix unit, make up mutual coupling current matrix unit, make up uniform circular array and receive the mutual resistance matrix unit;

Receive the mutual impedance model and set up the unit on the one hand by different incoming wave horizontal angle θ are set, obtain on the other hand at described incoming wave horizontal angle θ, in same working frequency points

Reception mutual impedance numerical value when down the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna being tested;

Obtain the magnitude of voltage collection of the array element of antenna port voltage cell by each being connected with dummy load under the array element mutual coupling, what consist of relevant S21 parameter has a load port voltage VV={V ₁, V ₂..., V _i;

Obtain without the antenna port voltage cell under the array element mutual coupling by to the magnitude of voltage collection of each array element, consist of the non-loaded port voltage U U={U of relevant S21 parameter ₁, U ₂..., U _i;

Make up mutual coupling voltage matrix unit according to the different mutual coupling voltage matrix of odevity structure of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna number;

Make up mutual coupling current matrix unit according to the different mutual coupling current matrix of odevity structure of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna number;

Make up uniform circular array and receive the reception mutual resistance matrix IMP={IMP that mutual resistance matrix cell formation uniform circular array receives mutual resistance matrix unit by using band shape and cycle characteristics acquisition uniform circular array direction-finder antenna _{Odd number}, IMP _{Even number}.

2. uniform circular array direction-finder antenna according to claim 1 receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, it is characterized in that: the described antenna port voltage cell of obtaining under the array element mutual coupling adopts following treatment step for the magnitude of voltage that obtains each array element:

Step 201: with first array element ele ₁Be connected on the input port of network analyzer, connect the dummy load of impedance matching on all the other array elements, transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 202: regulate transmitting antenna; Regulate the incoming wave elevation angle

Incoming wave horizontal angle θ ^R, working frequency points

With power output W _NA

Record first array element ele with network analyzer ₁The S21 parameter that test obtains is designated as S _21-1, first array element ele ₁The voltage of antenna port is designated as

W _NAExpression connects first array element ele ₁The time network analyzer output signal power, unit is dBm; W _InExpression power unit dBm converts the unit conversion factor of dB unit, W to _In=30; Z _L-1Represent first array element ele ₁The dummy load that connects; S _21-1Expression connects first array element ele ₁The time network analyzer S21 parameter of testing;

Step 203: in like manner, with second array element ele ₂Be connected on the input port of network analyzer, connect the dummy load of impedance matching on all the other array elements, transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 204: regulate transmitting antenna, keep the incoming wave elevation angle

Be that 90 degree, incoming wave horizontal angle are that θ, working frequency points are f _{Network analyzer}, with second array element ele of network analyzer record ₂The S21 parameter that test obtains is designated as S _21-2, second array element ele ₂The voltage of antenna port is designated as

W ₂Expression connects second array element ele ₂The time network analyzer output signal power, unit is dBm; W _InExpression power unit dBm converts the unit conversion factor of dB unit, W to _In=30; Z _L-2Represent second array element ele ₂The dummy load that connects; S _21-2Expression connects second array element ele ₂The time network analyzer S21 parameter of testing;

In like manner can get the voltage V of the antenna port of the 3rd array element ₃, the 4th array element the voltage V of antenna port ₄,

Step 205: with last array element ele _iBe connected on the input port of network analyzer, connect the dummy load of impedance matching on all the other array elements, transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 206: regulate transmitting antenna, keep the incoming wave elevation angle

Be that 90 degree, incoming wave horizontal angle are that θ, working frequency points are f _{Network analyzer}, record last array element ele with network analyzer _iThe S21 parameter that test obtains is designated as S _21-i, last array element ele _iThe voltage of antenna port is designated as

W _iExpression connects last array element ele _iThe time network analyzer output signal power, unit is dBm; W _InExpression power unit dBm converts the unit conversion factor of dB unit, W to _In=30; Z _L-iRepresent last array element ele _iThe dummy load that connects; S _21-iExpression connects last array element ele _iThe time network analyzer S21 parameter of testing.

3. uniform circular array direction-finder antenna according to claim 1 receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, it is characterized in that: obtain without the antenna port voltage cell under the array element mutual coupling in order to obtain the treatment step of the magnitude of voltage of each array element when non-loaded below adopting:

Step 301: with first array element ele ₁Be connected on the input port of network analyzer, all the other array elements unload from the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna, and transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 302: regulate transmitting antenna; Regulate the incoming wave elevation angle

Incoming wave horizontal angle θ ^R, working frequency points With power output W _NA

Record first array element ele with network analyzer ₁The S21 parameter that test obtains is designated as

First array element ele then ₁The voltage of antenna port be designated as

Step 303: in like manner, with second array element ele ₂Be connected on the input port of network analyzer, all the other array elements unload from the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna, and transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 304: regulate transmitting antenna, keep the incoming wave elevation angle

Be that 90 degree, incoming wave horizontal angle are that θ, working frequency points are f _{Network analyzer}, with second array element ele of network analyzer record ₂The voltage of antenna port is designated as $U_2=S_{21-2}\&times;\sqrt{{10}^{\frac{W_1-W_{\mathrm{in}}}{10}}\&times;Z_{L-2}};$

In like manner can get the voltage U of the antenna port of the 3rd array element ₃, the 4th array element the voltage U of antenna port ₄,

Step 305: with last array element ele _iBe connected on the input port of network analyzer, all the other array elements unload from the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna, and transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 306: regulate transmitting antenna, keep the incoming wave elevation angle

Be that 90 degree, incoming wave horizontal angle are that θ, working frequency points are f _{Network analyzer}, the voltage that records last array element elei antenna port with network analyzer is designated as $U_i=S_{21-i}\&times;\sqrt{{10}^{\frac{W_1-W_{\mathrm{in}}}{10}}\&times;Z_{L-i}}.$

4. uniform circular array direction-finder antenna according to claim 1 receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, it is characterized in that: when the element number of array in the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is odd number, and the mutual coupling voltage matrix

5. uniform circular array direction-finder antenna according to claim 1 receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, it is characterized in that: when the element number of array in the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is even number, and the mutual coupling voltage matrix

6. uniform circular array direction-finder antenna according to claim 1 receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, it is characterized in that: the mutual coupling electric current So when the element number of array in the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is odd number, the mutual coupling current matrix

7. uniform circular array direction-finder antenna according to claim 1 receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, it is characterized in that: the mutual coupling electric current

So when the element number of array in the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is even number, the mutual coupling current matrix

8. uniform circular array direction-finder antenna according to claim 1 receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, it is characterized in that: all bays consist of a uniform circular array direction-finder antenna array face, the central point O of described uniform circular array direction-finder antenna array face is origin of coordinates O, point to the first array element as X-axis take central point O, axle at origin of coordinates O place perpendicular to uniform circular array direction-finder antenna array face is Z axis, is Y-axis at origin of coordinates O place perpendicular to X-axis and Z axis.The angle of arrival bearing and Z axis is designated as the incoming wave elevation angle

The projection of arrival bearing on uniform circular array direction-finder antenna array face is designated as incoming wave horizontal angle θ with the angle of X-axis in the counterclockwise direction, and described incoming wave horizontal angle θ is in same working frequency points

Be an angle that is fixedly installed when down the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna being received the mutual impedance test, θ is that 0 degree is to any choosing of 360 degree.

9. uniform circular array direction-finder antenna according to claim 1 receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, and it is characterized in that: the installation horizontal range between transmitting antenna and the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is designated as D _Spacing, described installation horizontal range D _SpacingBe generally the position greater than 10 times transmitting antenna operation wavelength.

Images