CN103000996A - Uniform circular array direction-finder antenna receiving mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a uniform circular array direction-finder antenna receiving mutual impedance test and a mutual coupling compensation system. A method for achieving the system comprises receiving a mutual impedance model building unit, obtaining an antenna port voltage unit under array element mutual coupling, obtaining an antenna port voltage unit under non-array-element mutual coupling, building a mutual coupling voltage array unit, building a mutual coupling current array unit and building a uniform circular array receiving mutual impedance array unit. The uniform circular array direction-finder antenna receiving mutual impedance test obtains all antenna port voltage under array element mutual coupling effects and antenna port voltage after removing the mutual coupling effects by setting one horizontal wave incoming direction, and a uniform circular array receiving mutual impedance array is built according to a receiving mutual impedance theory. When direction-finding equipment works, the uniform circular array receiving mutual impedance array conducts mutual coupling compensation on a direction-finder terminal processing machine while meeting work frequency points, and accordingly direction showing degree output by the direction-finding equipment is accurate.

Description

A kind of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method of testing of electromagnetic interference of direction-finder antenna, more particularly, refer to a kind of system that uniform circular array direction-finder antenna in the direction-finding equipment is received mutual impedance test and the mutual coupling of the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna in the direction-finding equipment is compensated.

Background technology

Direction-finding station is the process of utilizing the definite radio radiation source side position of working of radio directive device, is the important content of electromagnetic spectrum management, is the important evidence of radio signal being carried out sorting, identification.Array antenna especially uniform circular array direction-finder antenna has in direction-finding station widely and to use, and comprises that than the width of cloth, than direction finding systems such as phase, correlation interferometer, Estimation of Spatial Spectrum all be to utilize the information estimator arrival bearings such as amplitude between the different array elements, phase place.In these direction finding systems, think all usually in the battle array that each array element is ideal operation and non-interfering.In fact, in array antenna, each array element is opening circuit, is not to isolate fully between each array element, influences each other but exist, i.e. mutual coupling effect.Mutual coupling effect is antenna array, and critical problem of especially little spacing antenna array has decisive role to the systematic quality of direction-finding equipment.Because mutual coupling effect, when the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is in reception, the reception signal of each array element is not only the response to incident plane wave, and comprise the response that array element is on every side caused scattered field, therefore the existence of mutual coupling effect will increase the angle measurement error of direction-finding equipment, reduce direction finding precision, must consider to take corresponding indemnifying measure to improve the direction finding precision of direction-finding equipment.

Find through the literature search to prior art, 2004, Hon Tai Hui is at IEEEANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION(antenna and radio transmission) LETTERS the 3rd curly hair shown " A New Definition of Mutual Impedance for Application inDipole Receiving Antenna Arrays(new mutual impedance definition that is applied to the dipole receiving antenna array) ", this article has proposed to be different from the concept of " the reception mutual impedance " of traditional mutual impedance definition, set up the Coupling Model of accurate receiving antenna array based on this, and how to test in the two array element situations obtains receiving mutual impedance.In May, 2004, Hon Tai Hui is in IEEETRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION(antenna and propagation) the 5th phase of 52 volumes delivered " A Practical Approach to Compensate for the MutualCoupling Effect in an Adaptive Dipole Array(practical approach that compensates the dipole array mutual coupling) ", this article has proposed based on the array antenna mutual coupling compensation model that receives the mutual impedance theory, can realize the accurate compensation of complex array mutual coupling of antenna, but need the reception mutual impedance data of pair array antenna accurately known.

2010, H.S.Lui has shown " Improved mutual coupling compensation in compact antenna arrays(improved compact aerial array mutual coupling compensation) " in IET Microw.Antennas Propag. the 4th curly hair, this article has proposed to test the method that obtains the accurate mutual impedance data of array antenna based on multi-angle, the deficiency of the method is that need to subtract a direction from element number of array arranges the horizontal direction incoming wave, and needing accurately to record each array element mutual coupling and the antenna port magnitude of voltage of removing mutual coupling in each incoming wave situation, its testing procedure is loaded down with trivial details.

Publishing house of Xian Electronics Science and Technology University is in " radio monitoring and the direction finding location " of the 1st edition publication November in 2011, author Zhang Hongshun.Disclose the composition of direction-finding equipment in the second trifle of the first segment of chapter 5, as shown in Figure 1, among the figure, direction-finding equipment includes direction-finder antenna, direction finding channel receiver and direction finding terminal processor.

Summary of the invention

For the mutual coupling effect that solves each array element of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna in the direction-finding equipment on the impact that the direction finding precision of direction-finding equipment causes, the present invention proposes a kind of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna that is applicable to direction-finding equipment and receive mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system.This uniform circular array direction-finder antenna receives the mutual impedance test by an any level arrival bearing is set, antenna port voltage under antenna port voltage under all array element mutual coupling effect effects that test obtains and the effect of removal mutual coupling effect is set up uniform circular array reception mutual resistance matrix according to receiving the mutual impedance theory; Then utilize uniform circular array to receive mutual resistance matrix when direction-finding equipment is worked, carry out mutual coupling compensation under the working frequency points satisfying on the direction finding terminal processor, thereby so that showing to degree of direction-finding equipment output is more accurate.

A kind of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna of the present invention receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, transmitting antenna in this system is connected with the output port of network analyzer by radio frequency cable, any one array element in the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is connected with the input port of network analyzer by radio frequency cable, and network analyzer is connected with databus; For the mutual coupling effect that solves each array element of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna in the direction-finding equipment on the impact that the direction finding precision of direction-finding equipment causes, mutual impedance test and the mutual coupling compensation system that can carry out computing to the S21 parameter that the network analyzer test obtains are installed in the described computer; Described mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system include and receive the mutual impedance model and set up the unit, obtain antenna port voltage cell under the array element mutual coupling, obtain without the antenna port voltage cell under the array element mutual coupling, make up mutual coupling voltage matrix unit, make up mutual coupling current matrix unit, make up uniform circular array and receive the mutual resistance matrix unit;

Receive the mutual impedance model and set up the unit on the one hand by different incoming wave horizontal angle θ are set, obtain on the other hand at described incoming wave horizontal angle θ, in same working frequency points

Reception mutual impedance numerical value when down the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna being tested;

Obtain the magnitude of voltage collection of the array element of antenna port voltage cell by each being connected with dummy load under the array element mutual coupling, what consist of relevant S21 parameter has a load port voltage VV={V ₁, V ₂..., V _i;

Obtain without the antenna port voltage cell under the array element mutual coupling by to the magnitude of voltage collection of each array element, consist of the non-loaded port voltage U U={U of relevant S21 parameter ₁, U ₂..., U _i;

Make up mutual coupling voltage matrix unit according to the different mutual coupling voltage matrix of odevity structure of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna number;

Make up mutual coupling current matrix unit according to the different mutual coupling current matrix of odevity structure of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna number;

Make up uniform circular array and receive the reception mutual resistance matrix IMP={IMP that mutual resistance matrix cell formation uniform circular array receives mutual resistance matrix unit by using band shape and cycle characteristics acquisition uniform circular array direction-finder antenna _{Odd number}, IMP _{Even number}.

Mutual impedance test of the present invention and mutual coupling compensation advantage of system are:

1. there is being the corresponding frequency that receives the mutual resistance matrix data, can be accurately unknown arrival bearing's signal be being carried out mutual coupling compensation at the array received signal that the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna produces.

2. only need to arrange the antenna port voltage under all array element mutual coupling effects that any incoming wave horizontal angle test obtains and remove the reception mutual resistance matrix that antenna port voltage under the mutual coupling effect just can obtain this frequency, the test job amount is little.

3. so that the spacing of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna can become very little, reduce vehicle-mounted or portable uniform circular array direction-finder antenna volume.

4. the present invention can be used for the mutual impedance test of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna, also can be used for the mutual coupling compensation of the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna that may use than the width of cloth, than direction finding systems such as phase, correlation interferometer, Estimation of Spatial Spectrum, improves direction finding precision.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the composition structured flowchart of traditional direction-finding equipment.

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that uniform circular array direction-finder antenna of the present invention receives the mutual impedance test structure.

Fig. 2 A is the schematic layout pattern of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the flow chart that uniform circular array direction-finder antenna of the present invention receives mutual impedance test and compensation.

Fig. 4 adopts the inventive method to carry out as a result comparison diagram of mutual coupling compensation and the direction finding of not carrying out mutual coupling compensation.

Embodiment

The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

The method that the present invention proposes is to existing direction-finding equipment, the improvement that the impact that the direction-finder antenna mutual coupling effect that occurs when carrying out direction finding causes is carried out.In order to realize that the reception mutual impedance of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is tested, the present invention has built and can satisfy the mutual impedance test macro that a kind of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation, as shown in Figure 2, this system includes computer, network analyzer, uniform circular array direction-finder antenna and transmitting antenna; Mutual impedance test and the mutual coupling compensation system that can carry out computing to the S21 parameter that network analyzer test obtains are installed in the described computer, and this mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system adopt Matlab 2009b software programming to obtain.

Described computer is a kind ofly can according to the program of prior storage, carry out automatically, at high speed the modernized intelligent electronic device of massive values computation and various information processings.Minimalist configuration is CPU2GHz, internal memory 2GB, hard disk 60GB; Operating system is windows XP or above version.Computer can move Matlab 2009b software.

The uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna in as shown in Figure 1 the direction-finding equipment.

The present invention design can satisfy the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna, the system that receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation includes and receives the mutual impedance model and set up the unit, obtain antenna port voltage cell under the array element mutual coupling, obtain without the antenna port voltage cell under the array element mutual coupling, make up mutual coupling voltage matrix unit, make up mutual coupling current matrix unit, make up uniform circular array and receive the mutual resistance matrix unit.Receiving mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system operates according to flow process shown in Figure 3.

(1) receives the mutual impedance model and set up the unit

Referring to shown in Figure 2, in the present invention, the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna includes first array element ele ₁, second array element ele ₂..., last array element ele _i, i represents the identification number (simultaneously also being the total i 〉=2 of array element) of array element.For convenience of description hereinafter statement, last array element ele _iBe also referred to as any one array element.In order to be received accurately mutual impedance numerical value, except with array element that network analyzer is connected, all the other array elements need to connect the dummy load of an impedance matching.First array element ele ₁The dummy load that connects is designated as Z _L-1, second array element ele ₂The dummy load that connects is designated as Z _L-2, ..., last array element ele _iThe dummy load that connects is designated as Z _L-iAdopt the ZZ that is expressed as of set form for the dummy load of all array elements connections _L={ Z _L-1, Z _L-2..., Z _L-i.

Referring to shown in Figure 2, in the present invention, the model that network analyzer selects Anjelen Sci. ﹠ Tech. Inc to produce is the analyzer of Agilent 8719D.Arrange that any one working frequency points of signal generator is designated as in the network analyzer

(MHz of unit), output power signal are designated as W _NA(dBm of unit).The first job frequency of signal generator is designated as in the network analyzer

Second of signal generator working frequency points is designated as in the network analyzer

R working frequency points of signal generator is designated as in the network analyzer R represents the number of working frequency points.Usually, power output W _NA=0dBm, namely power is 1mW.Suppose

Working frequency points

For the groundwork frequency range of foundation direction-finding equipment is chosen.

Referring to shown in Figure 2, in the present invention, transmitting antenna can be selected 10kHz～220MHzEFG-3D field generator, 200MHz～1GHz AF4000 horn antenna or 1GHz～4.2GHzAF4510 horn antenna.Transmitting antenna is to choose according to the frequency that receives mutual impedance.

In the mutual impedance test macro of the present invention's design, transmitting antenna is connected with the output port of network analyzer by radio frequency cable, any one array element in the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is connected with the input port of network analyzer by radio frequency cable, and network analyzer is connected with databus.Referring to shown in Figure 2, the installation horizontal range between transmitting antenna and the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is designated as D _Spacing, described installation horizontal range D _SpacingBe generally the position greater than 10 times transmitting antenna operation wavelength.

Shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 2 A, all bays consist of a uniform circular array direction-finder antenna array face, the central point O of described uniform circular array direction-finder antenna array face is origin of coordinates O, point to the first array element as X-axis take central point O, axle at origin of coordinates O place perpendicular to uniform circular array direction-finder antenna array face is Z axis, is Y-axis at origin of coordinates O place perpendicular to X-axis and Z axis.The angle of arrival bearing and Z axis is designated as the incoming wave elevation angle

The described incoming wave elevation angle

For being fixedly installed an angle, be generally 90 degree (solving the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna mutual coupling that incoming wave causes under the condition of the low elevation angle).The projection of arrival bearing on uniform circular array direction-finder antenna array face is designated as incoming wave horizontal angle θ with the angle of X-axis in the counterclockwise direction, and described incoming wave horizontal angle θ is in same working frequency points

Be an angle that is fixedly installed when down the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna being received the mutual impedance test, θ is that 0 degree is to any choosing of 360 degree.At the first job frequency

Under incoming wave horizontal angle θ be designated as θ ¹(referred to as the first incoming wave horizontal angle θ ¹), second working frequency points

Under incoming wave horizontal angle θ be designated as θ ²(referred to as the second incoming wave horizontal angle θ ²) ..., a R working frequency points

Under incoming wave horizontal angle θ be designated as θ ^R(referred to as any incoming wave horizontal angle θ ^R).

In the present invention, receive the mutual impedance model and set up the unit on the one hand by different incoming wave horizontal angle θ are set, obtain on the other hand at described incoming wave horizontal angle θ, in same working frequency points Reception mutual impedance numerical value when down the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna being tested.

(2) the antenna port voltage under the mutual coupling of acquisition array element

Obtain the magnitude of voltage collection of the array element of antenna port voltage cell by each being connected with dummy load under the array element mutual coupling, what consist of relevant S21 parameter has a load port voltage VV={V ₁, V ₂..., V _i.For the magnitude of voltage that obtains each array element adopts following treatment step:

Step 201: with first array element ele ₁Be connected on the input port of network analyzer, connect the dummy load of impedance matching on all the other array elements, transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 202: regulate transmitting antenna; Regulate the incoming wave elevation angle

Incoming wave horizontal angle θ ^R, working frequency points

With power output W _NA

Record first array element ele with network analyzer ₁The S21 parameter that test obtains is designated as S _21-1, first array element ele ₁The voltage of antenna port is designated as

W _NAExpression connects first array element ele ₁The time network analyzer output signal power (dBm of unit); W _InExpression power unit dBm converts the unit conversion factor of dB unit, W to _In=30; Z _L-1Represent first array element ele ₁The dummy load that connects; S _21-1Expression connects first array element ele ₁The time network analyzer S21 parameter of testing;

Step 203: in like manner, with second array element ele ₂Be connected on the input port of network analyzer, connect the dummy load of impedance matching on all the other array elements, transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 204: regulate transmitting antenna, keep the incoming wave elevation angle

Be that 90 degree, incoming wave horizontal angle are that θ, working frequency points are f _{Network analyzer}, with second array element ele of network analyzer record ₂The S21 parameter that test obtains is designated as S _21-2, second array element ele ₂The voltage of antenna port is designated as

W ₂Expression connects second array element ele ₂The time network analyzer output signal power (dBm of unit); W _InExpression power unit dBm converts the unit conversion factor of dB unit, W to _In=30; Z _L-2Represent second array element ele ₂The dummy load that connects; S ₂₁₂Expression connects second array element ele ₂The time network analyzer S21 parameter of testing;

In like manner can get the voltage V of the antenna port of the 3rd array element ₃, the 4th array element the voltage V of antenna port ₄,

Step 205: with last array element ele _iBe connected on the input port of network analyzer, connect the dummy load of impedance matching on all the other array elements, transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 206: regulate transmitting antenna, keep the incoming wave elevation angle Be that 90 degree, incoming wave horizontal angle are that θ, working frequency points are f _{Network analyzer}, record last array element ele with network analyzer _iThe S21 parameter that test obtains is designated as S _21-i, last array element ele _iThe voltage of antenna port is designated as W _iExpression connects last array element ele _iThe time network analyzer output signal power (dBm of unit); W _InExpression power unit dBm converts the unit conversion factor of dB unit, W to _In=30; Z _L-iRepresent last array element ele _iThe dummy load that connects (being also referred to as the dummy load that any one array element connects); S _21iExpression connects last array element ele _iThe time network analyzer S21 parameter of testing;

In the present invention, for the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna at the elevation angle

Under single frequency sinusoidal ripple condition under, all array elements to have load port voltage to adopt the set formal representation be VV={V ₁, V ₂..., V _i.

(3) obtain without the antenna port voltage under the array element mutual coupling

Obtain without the antenna port voltage cell under the array element mutual coupling by to the magnitude of voltage collection of each array element, consist of the non-loaded port voltage U U={U of relevant S21 parameter ₁, U ₂..., U _i.In order to obtain the treatment step of the magnitude of voltage of each array element when non-loaded below adopting:

Step 301: with first array element ele ₁Be connected on the input port of network analyzer, all the other array elements unload from the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna, and transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 302: regulate transmitting antenna; Regulate the incoming wave elevation angle

Incoming wave horizontal angle θ ^R, working frequency points

With power output W _NA

Record first array element ele with network analyzer ₁The S21 parameter that test obtains is designated as

First array element ele then ₁The voltage of antenna port be designated as

Step 303: in like manner, with second array element ele ₂Be connected on the input port of network analyzer, all the other array elements unload from the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna, and transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 304: regulate transmitting antenna, keep the incoming wave elevation angle

Be that 90 degree, incoming wave horizontal angle are that θ, working frequency points are f _{Network analyzer}, with second array element ele of network analyzer record ₂The voltage of antenna port is designated as $U_2=S_{21-2}\×\sqrt{{10}^{\frac{W_1-W_{\mathrm{in}}}{10}}\×Z_{L-2}};$

In like manner can get the voltage U of the antenna port of the 3rd array element ₃, the 4th array element the voltage U of antenna port ₄,

Step 305: with last array element ele _iBe connected on the input port of network analyzer, all the other array elements unload from the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna, and transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 306: regulate transmitting antenna, keep the incoming wave elevation angle

Be that 90 degree, incoming wave horizontal angle are that θ, working frequency points are f _{Network analyzer}, record last array element ele with network analyzer _iThe voltage of antenna port is designated as $U_i=S_{21-i}\×\sqrt{{10}^{\frac{W_1-W_{\mathrm{in}}}{10}}\×Z_{L-i}};$

In the present invention, under the single frequency sinusoidal ripple condition without the array element mutual coupling, it is UU={U that the non-loaded port voltage of all array elements adopts the set formal representation for the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna ₁, U ₂..., U _i.

(4) make up mutual coupling voltage matrix VU _CM={ VU _{The CM-odd number}, V _{The UCM-even number}}

Make up mutual coupling voltage matrix unit according to the different mutual coupling voltage matrix of odevity structure of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna number.

In the present invention, the element number of array i in the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna 〉=2.

When the element number of array in the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is odd number, the mutual coupling voltage matrix

When the element number of array in the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is even number, the mutual coupling voltage matrix

In the present invention, because the parity of element number of array can exert an influence in calculation processes to receiving mutual impedance, so be that calculation processes is distinguished to some extent under odd number or the even number situation to element number of array, be described respectively.

(5) make up mutual coupling current matrix I _CM={ I _{Odd number}, I _{Even number}}

Make up mutual coupling current matrix unit according to the different mutual coupling current matrix of odevity structure of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna number.

In the present invention, mutual coupling electric current

So when the element number of array in the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is odd number, the mutual coupling current matrix

In the present invention, mutual coupling electric current So when the element number of array in the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is even number, the mutual coupling current matrix

(6) make up uniform circular array and receive mutual resistance matrix

In the present invention, make up the reception mutual resistance matrix IMP={IMP that uniform circular array receives mutual resistance matrix unit by using band shape and cycle characteristics acquisition uniform circular array direction-finder antenna _{Odd number}, IMP _{Even number}.

Described banded characteristic is at IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL.39, and NO.3.MARCH 1991 discloses; Name is called " Direction Finding in thePresence of Mutual Coupling ", and the author is Benjamin Friedlander, Fellow, IEEE, and Anthony J.Weiss, Senior Member, IEEE.

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL.58, NO.3.MARCH 2010 discloses; Name is called " Decoupled 2D Direction of ArrivalEstimation Using Compact Uniform Circular Array in the Presenceof Elevation Dependent Mutual Coupling. " (compact uniform circular array arrival bearing 2D estimates to be independent of the decoupling zero at the elevation angle), the author is B.H.Wang, Member, IEEE, and H.T.Hui, Senior Member, IEEE.

In the present invention, receive belt circulation characteristic, the symmetry Toeplitz of mutual resistance matrix and receive the mutual impedance theory according to uniform circular array, obtain the mutual resistance matrix IMP that element number of array is odd number _{Odd number}With element number of array be the mutual resistance matrix IMP of even number _{Even number}

Described In, element number of array (i 〉=2) is the mutual resistance matrix IMP of odd number _{Odd number}In, Z _L-iBe the dummy load that array element connects, Z ₁The mutual impedance value (also being two array element mutual impedance values of 0 array element in interval) that represents adjacent two array elements, Z ₂Two array element mutual impedance values of the array element in expression interval, Z ₃Two array element mutual impedance values of 2 array elements in expression interval ...,

The expression interval

Two array element mutual impedance values of individual array element.

Calculated by following:

Wherein

Expression is by current matrix I _{Odd number}All row, the 1st to

The matrix that the element of row consists of;

Expression is by current matrix I _{Odd number}All row,

The matrix that the element that is listed as to i-1 consists of; [] ^-1Expression is to the matrix inversion of [];

The linea angulata element that makes difficulties is 1, and all the other are 0 entirely The dimension square formation.

Described

In, element number of array (i 〉=2) is the mutual resistance matrix IMP of even number _{Even number}In, Z _L-iBe the dummy load that array element connects, Z ₁The mutual impedance value that represents adjacent two array elements, Z ₂Two array element mutual impedance values of the array element in expression interval, Z ₃Two array element mutual impedance values of 2 array elements in expression interval ...,

The expression interval

Two array element mutual impedance values of individual array element. Calculated by following:

Wherein

Expression is by current matrix I _{Even number}All row, the 1st to

The matrix that the element of row consists of;

Expression is by current matrix I _{Even number}All row,

The matrix that the element that is listed as to (i-1) consists of; [] ^-1Expression is to the matrix inversion of [];

The linea angulata element that makes difficulties is 1, and all the other are 0 entirely The dimension square formation.

Can repeatedly repeat (one) to the step of (six), and select other frequency ... obtain the reception mutual impedance of corresponding frequency, deposit the Installed System Memory of processor in.

At the first job frequency

Under the reception mutual resistance matrix be

Second working frequency points

Under the reception mutual resistance matrix be

In any one working frequency points Under the reception mutual resistance matrix be

In the present invention, with the reception mutual resistance matrix of above-mentioned acquisition

Be kept in the direction finding terminal processor, direction-finding equipment is when carrying out direction-finding station, when the frequency of tested wireless signal is f _{Network analyzer}The time, the azimuth information processing unit to Real-time Collection to data with receive mutual resistance matrix and concern according to mutual coupling compensation

Carry out the mutual coupling of antenna compensation, thereby so that showing to degree of direction-finding equipment output is more accurate.

In the present invention, mutual coupling compensation closes and is:

$S_{\mathrm{nocm}\_{{\mathrm{ele}}_i}^b}=S_{{{\mathrm{ele}}_i}^b}-S_{{{\mathrm{ele}}_1}^b}\×\frac{\mathrm{IMP}({\mathrm{ele}}_i,1)}{\mathrm{IMP}\left(\mathrm{1,1}\right)}-S_{{{\mathrm{ele}}_2}^b}\×\frac{\mathrm{IMP}({\mathrm{ele}}_i,2)}{\mathrm{IMP}\left(\mathrm{2,2}\right)}$

$-\·\·\·-S_{{({\mathrm{ele}}_u-1)}^b}\×\frac{\mathrm{IMP}({\mathrm{ele}}_i,({\mathrm{ele}}_i-1))}{\mathrm{IMP}(({\mathrm{ele}}_i-1),({\mathrm{ele}}_i-1))}$

$-S_{{({\mathrm{ele}}_u+1)}^b}\×\frac{\mathrm{IMP}({\mathrm{ele}}_i,({\mathrm{ele}}_i-1))}{\mathrm{IMP}(({\mathrm{ele}}_i-1),({\mathrm{ele}}_i-1))}.$

$-\·\·\·-S_{\mathrm{ib}}\×\frac{\mathrm{IMP}({\mathrm{ele}}_i,i)}{\mathrm{IMP}(i,i)}$

Real-time Collection signal according to different antenna element under the identical sampling instant compensates, wherein S _1bBe the first array element ele ₁The signal that when the b time sampling, obtains, S _2bBe the second array element ele ₂The signal that when the b time sampling, obtains ..., S _IbBe i array element ele _iThe signal that when the b time sampling, obtains; S _{Nocm_ab}Behind the process mutual coupling compensation, a array element ele _aThe signal that when the b time sampling, obtains.IMP (a, 1) expression receives the element value of capable the 1st row of mutual resistance matrix IMP a; IMP (1,1) expression receives the element value of mutual resistance matrix IMP the 1st row the 1st row; IMP (i, i) expression receives the element value of the capable i row of mutual resistance matrix IMP i.

Direction-finding equipment is carried out direction finding test in working frequency range, set up the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna, azimuth information processing unit Real-time Collection to data be designated as Singal.

$\mathrm{Singal}={\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}{S}_{\mathrm{1,1}}& S_{\mathrm{1,2}}& S_{\mathrm{1,3}}& \·\·\·& S_{1,P}\\ S_{\mathrm{2,1}}& S_{\mathrm{2,2}}& S_{\mathrm{2,3}}& \·\·\·& S_{2,P}\\ & \·& & & \·\\ & \·& & S_{a,b}& \·\\ & \·& & & \·\\ S_{i,1}& S_{i,2}& S_{i,3}& \·\·\·& S_{i,P}\end{array}\right]}_{i\×P}$

Wherein, S _{A, b}Represent the data that a array element obtains when the b time sampling, a=1,2 ..., i is the array element numbering, b=1, and 2 ..., P is sampling number, for simplicity, P represents the sum of sampling, also arbitrarily once sampling of representative; S _1,1The data that the 1st array element of expression expression obtains when the 1st sampling, S _1,2The data that the 1st array element of expression expression obtains when the 2nd sampling, S _1,3The data that the 1st array element of expression expression obtains when the 3rd sampling, S _{1, P}The data that the 1st array element of expression expression obtains when the P time sampling, S _2,1The data that the 2nd array element of expression expression obtains when the 1st sampling, S _2,2The data that the 2nd array element of expression expression obtains when the 2nd sampling, S _2,3The data that the 2nd array element of expression expression obtains when the 3rd sampling, S _{2, P}The data that the 2nd array element of expression expression obtains when the P time sampling, S _{I, 1}The data that i array element of expression expression obtains when the 1st sampling, S _{I, 2}The data that i array element of expression expression obtains when the 2nd sampling, S _{I, 3}The data that i array element of expression expression obtains when the 3rd sampling, S _{I, P}The data that i array element of expression expression obtains when the P time sampling.

Judge and whether have frequency in the Installed System Memory

Reception mutual impedance data.Do not exist if this frequency receives the mutual impedance data, then select this frequency, repeat (one) to (six) step, the reception mutual impedance of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna deposited the direction finding terminal processor in when test obtained this frequency.Exist if this frequency receives mutual impedance data, then the azimuth information processing unit to Real-time Collection to data and this frequency receive the mutual impedance data and carry out mutual coupling of antenna according to the mutual coupling compensation relation and compensate, the data after being compensated are designated as Singal _Nocm

${\mathrm{Singal}}_{\mathrm{nocm}}={\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}{S}_{\mathrm{nocm}\_\mathrm{1,1}}& S_{\mathrm{nocm}\_\mathrm{1,2}}& S_{\mathrm{nocm}\_\mathrm{1,3}}& \·\·\·& S_{\mathrm{nocm}\_1,P}\\ S_{\mathrm{nocm}\_\mathrm{2,1}}& S_{\mathrm{nocm}\_\mathrm{2,2}}& S_{\mathrm{nocm}\_\mathrm{2,3}}& \·\·\·& S_{\mathrm{nocm}\_2,P}\\ & \·& & & \·\\ & \·& S_{\mathrm{nocm}\_a,b}& & \·\\ & \·& & & \·\\ S_{\mathrm{nocm}\_i,1}& S_{\mathrm{nocm}\_i,2}& D_{\mathrm{nocm}\_i,3}& \·\·\·& S_{\mathrm{nocm}\_i,P}\end{array}\right]}_{i\×P};$

S _{Nocm_i, P}Represent i array element ele _iIn the data of the P time sampling through obtaining behind the mutual coupling compensation.

To the 1st array element ele ₁Being compensated for as of the P time sampling:

$S_{\mathrm{nocm}\_1,P}=S_{1,P}-S_{2,P}\×\frac{\mathrm{IMP}\left(\mathrm{1,2}\right)}{\mathrm{IMP}\left(\mathrm{2,2}\right)}-\·\·\·-S_{i,P}\×\frac{\mathrm{IMP}(1,i)}{\mathrm{IMP}(i,i)}$

To the 2nd array element ele ₂Being compensated for as of the P time sampling:

$S_{\mathrm{nocm}\_2,P}=S_{2,P}-S_{1,P}\×\frac{\mathrm{IMP}\left(\mathrm{2,1}\right)}{\mathrm{IMP}\left(\mathrm{1,1}\right)}-S_{3,P}\×\frac{\mathrm{IMP}\left(\mathrm{2,3}\right)}{\mathrm{IMP}\left(\mathrm{3,3}\right)}-\·\·\·-S_{i,P}\×\frac{\mathrm{IMP}(2,i)}{\mathrm{IMP}(i,i)}$

To i array element ele ₁Being compensated for as of the P time sampling:

$S_{\mathrm{nocm}\_i,P}=S_{i,P}-S_{1,P}\×\frac{\mathrm{IMP}(i,1)}{\mathrm{IMP}\left(\mathrm{1,1}\right)}-S_{2,P}\×\frac{\mathrm{IMP}(i,3)}{\mathrm{IMP}\left(\mathrm{2,2}\right)}-\·\·\·-S_{(i-1),P}\×\frac{\mathrm{IMP}(i,(i-1))}{\mathrm{IMP}((i-1),(i-1))}$

Through behind the mutual coupling compensation, the azimuth information processing unit is to the data Singa after compensating _LnocmCarry out direction finding and process, thereby obtained more accurate showing to degree.

Embodiment

The below is take a radius that is made of 9 half-wave dipole omnidirectional antennas as nine yuan of uniform circular array direction-finder antennas of 1 meter as example, and operating frequency is 75MHz, and the matched impedance of each array element is 50 Ω.The direction finding system of direction-finder set adopts the Estimation of Spatial Spectrum system of UCA-RB-MUSIC algorithm.The incoming wave signal of two constant powers is set respectively with the incoming wave elevation angle 90 degree, incoming wave horizontal angle 30 degree and the incoming wave elevation angle 90 degree, the 160 degree both direction incidents of incoming wave horizontal angle, emulation is not carried out mutual coupling compensation and has been adopted showing to the degree result as shown in Figure 4 of mutual coupling compensation in Matlab 2009b software.The peak value of Estimation of Spatial Spectrum is showing to degree of incoming wave among the figure.Can find out that from this result through the result who does not compensate behind the mutual coupling compensation, showing to resolution and the accuracy of degree has had raising.

Claims (9)

1. a uniform circular array direction-finder antenna receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, transmitting antenna in this system is connected with the output port of network analyzer by radio frequency cable, any one array element in the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is connected with the input port of network analyzer by radio frequency cable, network analyzer is connected with databus, it is characterized in that: for the mutual coupling effect that solves each array element of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna in the direction-finding equipment on the impact that the direction finding precision of direction-finding equipment causes, mutual impedance test and the mutual coupling compensation system that can carry out computing to the S21 parameter that the network analyzer test obtains are installed in the described computer; Described mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system include and receive the mutual impedance model and set up the unit, obtain antenna port voltage cell under the array element mutual coupling, obtain without the antenna port voltage cell under the array element mutual coupling, make up mutual coupling voltage matrix unit, make up mutual coupling current matrix unit, make up uniform circular array and receive the mutual resistance matrix unit;

Receive the mutual impedance model and set up the unit on the one hand by different incoming wave horizontal angle θ are set, obtain on the other hand at described incoming wave horizontal angle θ, in same working frequency points

Reception mutual impedance numerical value when down the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna being tested;

Obtain the magnitude of voltage collection of the array element of antenna port voltage cell by each being connected with dummy load under the array element mutual coupling, what consist of relevant S21 parameter has a load port voltage VV={V ₁, V ₂..., V _i;

Obtain without the antenna port voltage cell under the array element mutual coupling by to the magnitude of voltage collection of each array element, consist of the non-loaded port voltage U U={U of relevant S21 parameter ₁, U ₂..., U _i;

Make up mutual coupling voltage matrix unit according to the different mutual coupling voltage matrix of odevity structure of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna number;

Make up mutual coupling current matrix unit according to the different mutual coupling current matrix of odevity structure of uniform circular array direction-finder antenna number;

Make up uniform circular array and receive the reception mutual resistance matrix IMP={IMP that mutual resistance matrix cell formation uniform circular array receives mutual resistance matrix unit by using band shape and cycle characteristics acquisition uniform circular array direction-finder antenna _{Odd number}, IMP _{Even number}.

2. uniform circular array direction-finder antenna according to claim 1 receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, it is characterized in that: the described antenna port voltage cell of obtaining under the array element mutual coupling adopts following treatment step for the magnitude of voltage that obtains each array element:

Step 201: with first array element ele ₁Be connected on the input port of network analyzer, connect the dummy load of impedance matching on all the other array elements, transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 202: regulate transmitting antenna; Regulate the incoming wave elevation angle

Incoming wave horizontal angle θ ^R, working frequency points

With power output W _NA

Record first array element ele with network analyzer ₁The S21 parameter that test obtains is designated as S _21-1, first array element ele ₁The voltage of antenna port is designated as

W _NAExpression connects first array element ele ₁The time network analyzer output signal power, unit is dBm; W _InExpression power unit dBm converts the unit conversion factor of dB unit, W to _In=30; Z _L-1Represent first array element ele ₁The dummy load that connects; S _21-1Expression connects first array element ele ₁The time network analyzer S21 parameter of testing;

Step 203: in like manner, with second array element ele ₂Be connected on the input port of network analyzer, connect the dummy load of impedance matching on all the other array elements, transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 204: regulate transmitting antenna, keep the incoming wave elevation angle

Be that 90 degree, incoming wave horizontal angle are that θ, working frequency points are f _{Network analyzer}, with second array element ele of network analyzer record ₂The S21 parameter that test obtains is designated as S _21-2, second array element ele ₂The voltage of antenna port is designated as

W ₂Expression connects second array element ele ₂The time network analyzer output signal power, unit is dBm; W _InExpression power unit dBm converts the unit conversion factor of dB unit, W to _In=30; Z _L-2Represent second array element ele ₂The dummy load that connects; S _21-2Expression connects second array element ele ₂The time network analyzer S21 parameter of testing;

In like manner can get the voltage V of the antenna port of the 3rd array element ₃, the 4th array element the voltage V of antenna port ₄,

Step 205: with last array element ele _iBe connected on the input port of network analyzer, connect the dummy load of impedance matching on all the other array elements, transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 206: regulate transmitting antenna, keep the incoming wave elevation angle

Be that 90 degree, incoming wave horizontal angle are that θ, working frequency points are f _{Network analyzer}, record last array element ele with network analyzer _iThe S21 parameter that test obtains is designated as S _21-i, last array element ele _iThe voltage of antenna port is designated as

W _iExpression connects last array element ele _iThe time network analyzer output signal power, unit is dBm; W _InExpression power unit dBm converts the unit conversion factor of dB unit, W to _In=30; Z _L-iRepresent last array element ele _iThe dummy load that connects; S _21-iExpression connects last array element ele _iThe time network analyzer S21 parameter of testing.

3. uniform circular array direction-finder antenna according to claim 1 receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, it is characterized in that: obtain without the antenna port voltage cell under the array element mutual coupling in order to obtain the treatment step of the magnitude of voltage of each array element when non-loaded below adopting:

Step 301: with first array element ele ₁Be connected on the input port of network analyzer, all the other array elements unload from the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna, and transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 302: regulate transmitting antenna; Regulate the incoming wave elevation angle

Incoming wave horizontal angle θ ^R, working frequency points With power output W _NA

Record first array element ele with network analyzer ₁The S21 parameter that test obtains is designated as

First array element ele then ₁The voltage of antenna port be designated as

Step 303: in like manner, with second array element ele ₂Be connected on the input port of network analyzer, all the other array elements unload from the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna, and transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 304: regulate transmitting antenna, keep the incoming wave elevation angle

Be that 90 degree, incoming wave horizontal angle are that θ, working frequency points are f _{Network analyzer}, with second array element ele of network analyzer record ₂The voltage of antenna port is designated as $U_2=S_{21-2}\×\sqrt{{10}^{\frac{W_1-W_{\mathrm{in}}}{10}}\×Z_{L-2}};$

In like manner can get the voltage U of the antenna port of the 3rd array element ₃, the 4th array element the voltage U of antenna port ₄,

Step 305: with last array element ele _iBe connected on the input port of network analyzer, all the other array elements unload from the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna, and transmitting antenna is connected on the output port of network analyzer, and network analyzer is connected with databus;

Step 306: regulate transmitting antenna, keep the incoming wave elevation angle

Be that 90 degree, incoming wave horizontal angle are that θ, working frequency points are f _{Network analyzer}, the voltage that records last array element elei antenna port with network analyzer is designated as $U_i=S_{21-i}\×\sqrt{{10}^{\frac{W_1-W_{\mathrm{in}}}{10}}\×Z_{L-i}}.$

4. uniform circular array direction-finder antenna according to claim 1 receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, it is characterized in that: when the element number of array in the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is odd number, and the mutual coupling voltage matrix

5. uniform circular array direction-finder antenna according to claim 1 receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, it is characterized in that: when the element number of array in the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is even number, and the mutual coupling voltage matrix

6. uniform circular array direction-finder antenna according to claim 1 receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, it is characterized in that: the mutual coupling electric current So when the element number of array in the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is odd number, the mutual coupling current matrix

7. uniform circular array direction-finder antenna according to claim 1 receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, it is characterized in that: the mutual coupling electric current

So when the element number of array in the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is even number, the mutual coupling current matrix

8. uniform circular array direction-finder antenna according to claim 1 receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, it is characterized in that: all bays consist of a uniform circular array direction-finder antenna array face, the central point O of described uniform circular array direction-finder antenna array face is origin of coordinates O, point to the first array element as X-axis take central point O, axle at origin of coordinates O place perpendicular to uniform circular array direction-finder antenna array face is Z axis, is Y-axis at origin of coordinates O place perpendicular to X-axis and Z axis.The angle of arrival bearing and Z axis is designated as the incoming wave elevation angle

The projection of arrival bearing on uniform circular array direction-finder antenna array face is designated as incoming wave horizontal angle θ with the angle of X-axis in the counterclockwise direction, and described incoming wave horizontal angle θ is in same working frequency points

Be an angle that is fixedly installed when down the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna being received the mutual impedance test, θ is that 0 degree is to any choosing of 360 degree.

9. uniform circular array direction-finder antenna according to claim 1 receives mutual impedance test and mutual coupling compensation system, and it is characterized in that: the installation horizontal range between transmitting antenna and the uniform circular array direction-finder antenna is designated as D _Spacing, described installation horizontal range D _SpacingBe generally the position greater than 10 times transmitting antenna operation wavelength.

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