CN103000477A - Recovery method for waste energy-saving lamps - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a recovery method for waste energy-saving lamps. The recovery method includes the steps of separately cutting out lamp holders and glass lamps of waste energy-saving lamps to receive the glass lamps and the lamp holders, separating metal from nonmetal of the lamp holders via electric separation way to recycle metal, heat treating the glass lamps under the high temperature of 100 degrees, washing the heat-treated glass lamps with cold water of the temperature of 10 degrees below zero to recycle the glass lamps, heating the washing water to be of the temperature of 100 degrees, absorbing the steam via activated carbon till the wasting water completely evaporates, and absorbing phosphors into the activated carbon. The recovery method for waste energy-saving lamps of the invention has the advantages of low costs and high efficiency.

Description

The waste energy-saving lamps recovery method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of recovery method of waste and old lamp, specifically a kind of waste energy-saving lamps recovery method.

Background technology

Power saving fluorescent lamp is a kind of gaseous discharge lamp, and mercury exists as gas discharge medium in fluorescent tube, and fluorescent lamp need to keep necessary free mercury vapour pressure in when work, to guarantee mercury and glass, fluorescent material and interelectrode chemical bond.The boiling point of mercury is very low, can evaporate at normal temperatures, after the discarded fluorescent tube fragmentation, distribute towards periphery immediately mercury vapour, instantaneously make the mercury concentration in the surrounding air reach 10-20 milligram/cubic meter, and the aerial maximum permissible concentration of the mercury of national regulation is 0.01 milligram/cubic metre.Human body once sucks 2.5 gram mercury vapour and can cause death.Caliber is that 36 millimeters extra heavy pipe footpath fluorescent lamp mercury content is the 25-45 milligram, and caliber is that 26 millimeters slim fluorescent lamp mercury content is 20 milligrams, and caliber is that 10 millimeters compact fluorescent lamp mercury content is 10 milligrams.According to China illumination association statistics, the fluorescent lamp output in China every year is about 800,000,000, and the annual fluorescent lamp quantity that consumes is more than 400,000,000, and mercury use is about 12 tons.Do not add for waste old fluorescence lamp tube and to process or to process when mishandling, harmful components mercury will enter human body by skin, breathing or food, and human health is produced greatly harm.According to the American scientist investigation, the Hg content in the earth atmosphere increased by 1 times before 100 years at present.The existing natural cause in the source of air-borne mercury also has the artificial origin.The weathering of natural cause such as mercurous ore, the artificial origin has the toxic emission of coal-fired power plant, the fluorescent lamp in the house refuse, mercurial thermometer, contains mercury cell etc.

The disposal present situation is recycled and processed to external fluorescent lamp, recycle and process the mode that adopts management means and technological means to combine of disposing abroad for fluorescent lamp: management aspect, developed country is one after another by means such as legislation, administration, economy, education, improve the overall quality of the population and realize effective enforcement of policy for promotion.Swedish government has been issued " electric equipment products manufacturer responsibility method ", " waste electrical equipment and electronic waste preliminary treatment regulations and guideline ", " waste and old electric electrical equipment facture ".The Main Basis that Germany reclaims waste household appliances is " recycling economy method " and " information industry used facilities treating method ".It is two enforceable technical regulations that European Union has issued " about the waste electronic andelectrical equipment instruction " and " about limit some harmful substance instruction of use in electronic electric equipment " in unification in 2003, wherein include the product of scrapping management in and comprise " lighting apparatus (fluorescent lamp; high pressure and low-pressure sodium lamp; other illuminations and the 6 kinds of products such as equipment that are exclusively used in the light emission or control) ", and making concrete regulation: product design---the producer of regulation electronic electric equipment to dismounting and the renovation of complete machine and assembly and material, will use in order to recycle with recirculation when Design Stage will be considered to be conducive to product rejection.The producer will reach this purpose by special method for designing or procedure where necessary.Categorised collection---the producer who stipulates EU member country and electronic electric equipment will set up specialized system, so that the user can freely send waste electronic andelectrical equipment back to, perhaps is responsible for regaining one to one scrap products by distributors when selling new product; The authorisation process mechanism that the waste electronic andelectrical equipment that will guarantee simultaneously these withdrawals is in time delivered to regulation processes.Process---regulation comprises " recovery " and " disposal " dual mode to the processing of waste electronic andelectrical equipment." recovery " is exactly to write-off equipment complete machine or its assembly and Reuse of materials or recirculation use, comprises recycling of energy, by improving the rate of recovery of write-off equipment, reduces as far as possible the generation of discarded object." disposal " be exactly to unrenewable discarded object take to stack, the processing of the mode such as landfill, incineration.

Technical elements, the treatment technology of external waste fluorescent lamp mainly contain two kinds of techniques of " directly broken apart " and " cutting the end purging separates ".The handling process of " directly broken apart " technique is: will reclaim the mixture of mercury and glass tube after the whole pulverizing of the fluorescent tube clean dry first, then through roasting, evaporate and condense and reclaim thick mercury, supply fluorescent-lamp-use mercury after the mercury process units is refining, every tubes reclaims 10～20 milligrams again.This process characteristic is little, the reduced investment of compact conformation, floor space, but fluorescent material difficulty be reused." cutting end and purge separation " technique is first the two ends of fluorescent tube to be cut away, and is blown into pressure-air mercurous fluorescent material is blown out rear collection, reclaims mercury by vacuum heater again, and its purity that generates mercury is 99.9%.This technical characterstic is can be effectively with the fluorescent RE powder categorised collection that can be recycled, but investment is larger.

Domestic fluorescent lamp is recycled and processed and disposes present situation: China formulates and has promulgated " People's Republic of China's prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid wastes method " nineteen ninety-five, enacted and enforced again subsequently " national Hazardous Waste List " and " hazardous waste judging standard ", formed China's hazardous solid waste administration base, after this also promoted for illuminating product and carried out special activities such as " Green Lighting Projects ".According to " national dangerous waste and medical waste disposal facility construction plan ": 31 at the multiple functional omnibus risk waste disposal center of national planning construction, 2,820,000 ton/years of newly-increased dangerous waste disposal abilities.The comprehensive utilization that the new reorganization and expansion of enterprise is 3,500,000 ton/years and disposal disposal ability are all processed the hazardous waste that produces then, and progressively digest the hazardous waste of storing over the years.For mainly " hazardous solid waste " mixed burning processing such as employing and refuse battery, useless household electrical appliances even medical waste of old and useless fluorescent lamp as " hazardous solid waste ", main cause is that waste and old fluorescent tube collection quantity can not satisfy independent processing requirements.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention provides a kind of method that the waste energy-saving lamps cost is lower, efficient is high of processing.

Technical scheme: the waste energy-saving lamps recovery method is characterized in that method step is as follows:

(1) lamp holder and the glass lamp with waste energy-saving lamps divides incision, obtains glass lamp and lamp holder;

(2) described lamp holder is in the electric separation mode, and separating metal and nonmetal reclaims metal;

(3) after described glass lamp is spent heat treatments with high temperature 100, with subzero 10 degree cold water flush, reclaim Glass lamp;

(4) flushing water that obtains of step (3) is warmed to 100 degree, and steam ends until flushing water is evaporated with charcoal absorption, and fluorescent material is adsorbed in the active carbon.

Effect of the present invention: the present invention processes that the waste energy-saving lamps cost is lower, efficient is high.

Embodiment

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.

The waste energy-saving lamps recovery method is characterized in that method step is as follows:

(1) lamp holder and the glass lamp with waste energy-saving lamps divides incision, obtains glass lamp and lamp holder;

(2) described lamp holder is in the electric separation mode, and separating metal and nonmetal reclaims metal;

(3) after described glass lamp is spent heat treatments with high temperature 100, with subzero 10 degree cold water flush, reclaim Glass lamp;

(4) flushing water that obtains of step (3) is warmed to 100 degree, and steam ends until flushing water is evaporated with charcoal absorption, and fluorescent material is adsorbed in the active carbon.

The present invention only limits to absolutely not these examples.The above only is preferably embodiment of the present invention, only is used for describing the present invention, can not be interpreted as the restriction to scope of the present invention.Should be pointed out that all any modifications of making within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. waste energy-saving lamps recovery method is characterized in that method step is as follows:

(1) lamp holder and the glass lamp with waste energy-saving lamps divides incision, obtains glass lamp and lamp holder;

(2) described lamp holder is in the electric separation mode, and separating metal and nonmetal reclaims metal;

(3) after described glass lamp is spent heat treatments with high temperature 100, with subzero 10 degree cold water flush, reclaim glass lamp;

(4) flushing water that obtains of step (3) is warmed to 100 degree, and steam ends until flushing water is evaporated with charcoal absorption, and fluorescent material is adsorbed in the active carbon.