CN102992262B - Method for preparing hydrogen serving as hydrogen source of fuel battery - Google Patents
Method for preparing hydrogen serving as hydrogen source of fuel battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102992262B CN102992262B CN201210480681.7A CN201210480681A CN102992262B CN 102992262 B CN102992262 B CN 102992262B CN 201210480681 A CN201210480681 A CN 201210480681A CN 102992262 B CN102992262 B CN 102992262B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- high heat
- heat release
- complex compound
- borane complex
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Links
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- JBANFLSTOJPTFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;boron Chemical compound [B].N JBANFLSTOJPTFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 8
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229940059904 light mineral oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing hydrogen serving as a hydrogen source of a fuel battery. The method comprises the following steps: mixing borane ammonia complex and highly exothermic hydride, reacting the mixture with liquid water so as to produce hydrogen, wherein the reaction hydrogen desorption speed rate can be regulated through controlling the mixing mode of the borane ammonia complex and highly exothermic hydride and the mixing ratio of the borane ammonia complex and highly exothermic hydride, so that available hydrogen capacity in the borane ammonia complex and highly exothermic hydride can be completely released finally, wherein the highly exothermic hydride is hydride with hydrolyzed heat being greater than 34kJ/kg. The method is high in hydrogen desorption efficiency, stable and controllable in hydrogen desorption process, and applicable to the hydrogen source of minitype fuel batteries.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to micro fuel cell hydrogen source operation technique field, be specifically related to a kind of method of preparing as the hydrogen of fuel cell hydrogen source.
Background technology
In the last few years, country's proposition active development utilized the strategic development plan of new forms of energy, had strengthened finance, support on policy dynamics to new energy field; be intended to reduce greenhouse gas emission; solve environmental problem, tackle energy dilemma simultaneously, realize economical, ecological overall balanced development.One of core technology of new energy field: fuel cell technology thereby obtained development at full speed.Fuel cell not only can be used as large-scale electrical source of power and uses, and also can be used as small-sized compact power, as kneetop computer, mobile communication etc.But all the time, the accumulating of the obstacle hydrogen of fuel cells applications maximum fails effectively to be solved all the time.Especially for portable fuel battery, this contradiction is further outstanding.
Chemical hydride is (as NaH, LiH, NaBH
4) hydrolysis occur hydrogen be a kind of convenience, practicality and the novel hydrogen generation technique that can effectively prepare high-purity hydrogen.The hydrogen purity that this technology produces is high, can be directly as the hydrogen source of fuel cell.But the reaction of LiH, NaH and water is too violent, therefore NaH surface will be coated with last layer resin to reduce and the contact area of water reaction, LiH will with light mineral oil mixing furnishing pulpous state, at normal temperatures and pressures could be gently with water reaction.NaBH
4than stable and easily operation, it is therefore the hydrogen producing technology route that current investigator generally adopts.But NaBH
4reacting with water the available hydrogen capacity of putting in hydride can not discharge completely, can be residual in solid reaction product, and reaction hydrogen releasing efficient is low, needs catalyzer to accelerate.Ammonia borane complex compound (NH
3bH
3) hydrogen occurs is also one of more popular hydrolyzed material of research at present for system hydrolysis.Because NH
3bH
3available hydrogen capacity is 5.8wt%, and NH
3bH
3can form stabilizing solution with water at normal temperatures and facilitate accumulating.But catalysis causes NH
3bH
3mostly the catalyzer that hydrogen occurs in hydrolysis is precious metal material, and its preparation cost is higher, and cycle index is undesirable.After the proposition such as Diwan adopts rafifinal to light in enclosed high pressure still with NH
3bH
3there is hydrogen in suspension liquid reaction, has obtained the highest up to now hydrogen capacity.But this reactive mode needs attached portfire, need to be filled with rare gas element simultaneously and keep high pressure, cost is high.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of method of preparing as the hydrogen of fuel cell hydrogen source, the method hydrogen releasing efficient is high, put hydrogen process stabilization controlled, be applicable to micro fuel cell hydrogen source and use.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
Prepare the method as the hydrogen of fuel cell hydrogen source, the method comprises the following steps: by ammonia borane complex compound (NH
3bH
3) mix with high heat release hydride after, react with liquid water, make to produce hydrogen, by controlling the adjusting of the blending ratio realization response hydrogen discharging rate between ammonia borane complex compound and hybrid mode and ammonia borane complex compound and the high heat release hydride of high heat release hydride, finally make available hydrogen capacity in ammonia borane complex compound and high heat release hydride discharge completely; Described high heat release hydride refers to the hydride of Heat of Hydrolysis > 34kJ/kg.
The theoretical hydrogen richness of ammonia borane complex compound is 19.8wt%, and can, by pyrolysis and hydrolysis, discharge the hydrogen in compound in the mode of hydrogen, therefore can be used for realizing the hydrogen manufacturing material as fuel cell hydrogen source, and the available hydrogen capacity of its hydrolysis is 5.8wt%.
High heat release hydride described in the present invention at normal temperatures can with liquid water generation vigorous reaction, produce hydrogen and also discharge large calorimetric.Ammonia borane complex solution stable existence at normal temperatures has hydrogen slowly to discharge after temperature exceedes 70 DEG C, can fast hydrolyzing release hydrogen in the time that temperature exceedes 82 DEG C.The present invention mixes ammonia borane complex compound with high heat release hydride, then there is hydrolysis hydrogen discharge reaction with liquid water, liquid water can first produce hydrogen release of heat with high heat release hydride generation, the heat discharging causes reacting and producing hydrogen between ammonia borane complex compound and liquid water, so W-response of the present invention is not as reacting violent like that between high heat release hydride and liquid water, whole reaction become stablize controlled, and the exothermic heat of reaction that can utilize high heat release hydride causes ammonia borane complex compound fast hydrolyzing, accelerate the hydrogen discharge reaction between ammonia borane complex compound and liquid water, making between ammonia borane complex compound and liquid water in the time there is no catalyzer also can fast hydrolyzing, its available hydrogen capacity is discharged completely.
As preferably, described high heat release hydride is high heat release hydroborate (M (BH
4)
x, M=Li, Na, Ka, Mg).
In the time that high heat release hydride is high heat release hydroborate, ammonia borane complex compound mixes in the following ways with high heat release hydroborate: ammonia borane complex compound is placed in to ball grinder together with high heat release hydride, then ball milling 30~300min under 100~600rpm rotating speed, after mixing, pass into chemical dose or excessive liquid water, liquid water is first reacted with high heat release hydroborate to be produced hydrogen and discharges large calorimetric, then the heat discharging causes reacting and producing hydrogen between ammonia borane complex compound and liquid water, by controlling the adjusting of the blending ratio realization response hydrogen discharging rate between ammonia borane complex compound and high heat release hydroborate, finally make available hydrogen capacity in ammonia borane complex compound and high heat release hydroborate discharge completely.
Blending ratio between described ammonia borane complex compound and high heat release hydroborate is that mass percent 40~75% ︰ 60~25%(total mass numbers are made as 1), if the blending ratio between ammonia borane complex compound and high heat release hydroborate is mass percent 40% ︰ 60% or 50% ︰ 50% or 75% ︰ 25% etc.
As preferably, described high heat release hydride is other the high heat release hydride (NH except high heat release hydroborate
x, N=Li, Na, Ka, Ca).
In the time that high heat release hydride is other the high heat release hydride (hereinafter to be referred as other high heat release hydride) except high heat release hydroborate, ammonia borane complex compound mixes in the following ways with other high heat release hydride: ammonia borane complex compound is dissolved in liquid water, be made into saturated solution or supersaturation suspension liquid, then mix with other high heat release hydride, after mixing, liquid water first produces hydrogen and discharges large calorimetric with other high heat release hydride reaction, the heat discharging causes reacting and producing hydrogen between ammonia borane complex compound and other high heat release hydride, by the blending ratio between control ammonia borane complex compound and other high heat release hydride and the adjusting of mixing rate realization response hydrogen discharging rate, finally make available hydrogen capacity in ammonia borane complex compound and high heat release hydride discharge completely.
The concentration range of the supersaturation suspension liquid of described high heat release hydroborate at saturated solution between 10mol/L.
Blending ratio between described ammonia borane complex compound and other high heat release hydride is that molar percentage 25~50% ︰ 75~50%(total mole numbers are made as 1), if the blending ratio between ammonia borane complex compound and other high heat release hydride is molar percentage 25% ︰ 75% or 35% ︰ 65% or 50% ︰ 50%
The chemical equation of described ammonia borane complex compound and liquid water generation hydrolysis reaction is:
NH
3BH
3+2H
2O→NH
4BO
2+3H
2
The chemical equation of described high heat release hydroborate and liquid water generation hydrolysis reaction is:
M(BH
4)
x+2xH
2O→M(BO
2)
x+4xH
2
The chemical equation of described other high heat release hydride and liquid water generation hydrolysis reaction is:
NH
x+xH
2O→N(OH)
x+xH
2
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following remarkable advantage and beneficial effect:
(1) hydrogen releasing efficient is high, and the available hydrogen capacity in ammonia borane complex compound and high heat release hydride can discharge completely, and accelerates without catalysis, and without the equipment of high request with prepare environment, cost is low;
(2) control by the proportionlity of adjusting between ammonia borane complex compound and high heat release hydride the hydrogen discharging rate reacting, make to put hydrogen process become stablize controlled;
(3) hydrolysis reaction of hydrolysis reactant (being ammonia borane complex compound, high heat release hydride) starts under liquid water exists, and under without liquid water condition, reacts i.e. termination, therefore controls hydrogen design meeting easier;
(4) hydrogen source provided by the invention can provide the humidification hydrogen of 80 DEG C, useful to hydrogen fuel cell performance.
From technological layer, the present invention's preparation is an important breakthrough of fuel cell hydrogen storage, hydrogen preparation field as the method for the hydrogen of fuel cell hydrogen source.Apply technology of the present invention to promoting the practicalization of high energy density fuel cell-hydrogen source system significant.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described in detail, but is not limited to this.
The reaction unit that the present embodiment preparation is used as the method for the hydrogen of fuel cell hydrogen source adopts the common reaction unit of preparing hydrogen, cost is low, as to adopt application number be the device anyway of mentioning in 201010114398.3 Chinese invention patent, this reaction unit is by liquid water storage room, water intaking valve, hydrolysis reaction chamber and the interface connecting with fuel cell form, hydrolysis reaction chamber is hydrolytic hydrogen production material reacts release hydrogen place with liquid water, liquid water is to inject hydrolysis reaction chamber by water intaking valve, the hydrogen that hydrolysis reaction produces is by entering fuel cell system with the interface of fuel cell.Following examples are used this reaction unit to set forth the present invention, and certainly, reaction unit used in the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1:
By NH
3bH
3and LiBH
475% ︰ 25% mixes 1g altogether in mass ratio, pack in ball grinder, ball milling 300min under 100rpm rotating speed, after taking-up, pack in the hydrolysis reaction chamber of above-mentioned reaction unit, dock with micro fuel cell, by micropump, to the liquid water that injects chemical dose in hydrolysis reaction chamber, the speed that system produces hydrogen is 30mLmin
-1g
-1, NH
3bH
3and LiBH
4available hydrogen capacity release rate be 100%.
Embodiment 2:
By NH
3bH
3and LiBH
460% ︰ 40% mixes 1g altogether in mass ratio, pack in ball grinder, ball milling 200min under 150rpm rotating speed, after taking-up, pack in the hydrolysis reaction chamber of above-mentioned reaction unit, dock with micro fuel cell, by micropump, to the liquid water that injects chemical dose in hydrolysis reaction chamber, the speed that system produces hydrogen is 70mLmin
-1g
-1, NH
3bH
3and LiBH
4available hydrogen capacity release rate be 100%.
Embodiment 3:
By NH
3bH
3and LiBH
445% ︰ 55% mixes 1g altogether in mass ratio, pack in ball grinder, ball milling 60min under 300rpm rotating speed, after taking-up, pack in the hydrolysis reaction chamber of above-mentioned reaction unit, dock with micro fuel cell, by micropump, to the liquid water that injects chemical dose in hydrolysis reaction chamber, the speed that system produces hydrogen is 160mLmin
-1g
-1, NH
3bH
3and LiBH
4available hydrogen capacity release rate be 100%.
Embodiment 4:
By NH
3bH
3and LiBH
440% ︰ 60% mixes 1g altogether in mass ratio, pack in ball grinder, ball milling 30min under 600rpm rotating speed, after taking-up, pack in the hydrolysis reaction chamber of above-mentioned reaction unit, dock with micro fuel cell, by micropump, to the liquid water that injects chemical dose in hydrolysis reaction chamber, the speed that system produces hydrogen is 1800mLmin
-1g
-1, NH
3bH
3and LiBH
4available hydrogen capacity release rate be 100%.
Embodiment 5:
By NH
3bH
3and NaBH
460% ︰ 40% mixes 1g altogether in mass ratio, pack in ball grinder, ball milling 60min under 300rpm rotating speed, after taking-up, pack in the hydrolysis reaction chamber of above-mentioned reaction unit, dock with micro fuel cell, by micropump, to the liquid water that injects chemical dose in hydrolysis reaction chamber, the speed that system produces hydrogen is 75mLmin
-1g
-1, NH
3bH
3and NaBH
4available hydrogen capacity release rate be 100%.
Embodiment 6:
By NH
3bH
3and NaBH
440% ︰ 60% mixes 1g altogether in mass ratio, pack in ball grinder, ball milling 30min under 600rpm rotating speed, after taking-up, pack in the hydrolysis reaction chamber of above-mentioned reaction unit, dock with micro fuel cell, by micropump, to the liquid water that injects chemical dose in hydrolysis reaction chamber, the speed that system produces hydrogen is 1200mLmin
-1g
-1, NH
3bH
3and NaBH
4available hydrogen capacity release rate be 100%.
Embodiment 7:
By NH
3bH
3be dissolved in liquid water, be made into saturated solution (26wt%, 25 DEG C).LiH is packed in the hydrolysis reaction chamber of reaction unit, dock with micro fuel cell, by micropump, in device, to inject mol ratio be 1 ︰ 1(LiH ︰ NH
3bH
3) NH
3bH
3saturated solution, the relational expression that system produces between speed and the saturated solution sample rate of hydrogen is:
nH
3bH
3with the available hydrogen capacity release rate of LiH be 100%.
Embodiment 8:
By NH
3bH
3be dissolved in liquid water, be made into saturated solution (26wt%, 25 DEG C).NaH is packed in the hydrolysis reaction chamber of reaction unit, dock with micro fuel cell, by micropump, in device, to inject mol ratio be 1 ︰ 1(NaH ︰ NH
3bH
3) NH
3bH
3saturated solution, the relational expression that system produces between speed and the saturated solution sample rate of hydrogen is:
nH
3bH
3with the available hydrogen capacity release rate of NaH be 100%.
Embodiment 9:
By NH
3bH
3be dissolved in liquid water, be made into saturated solution (26wt%, 25 DEG C).LiH is packed in the hydrolysis reaction chamber of reaction unit, dock with micro fuel cell, by micropump, in device, to inject mol ratio be 2 ︰ 1(LiH ︰ NH
3bH
3) NH
3bH
3saturated solution, the relational expression that system produces between speed and the saturated solution sample rate of hydrogen is:
nH
3bH
3with the available hydrogen capacity release rate of LiH be 100%.
Embodiment 10:
By NH
3bH
3be dissolved in liquid water, be made into saturated solution (26wt%, 25 DEG C).LiH is packed in the hydrolysis reaction chamber of reaction unit, dock with micro fuel cell, by micropump, in device, to inject mol ratio be 4 ︰ 1(LiH ︰ NH
3bH
3) NH
3bH
3saturated solution, the relational expression that system produces between speed and the saturated solution sample rate of hydrogen is:
nH
3bH
3with the available hydrogen capacity release rate of LiH be 100%.
The above embodiment of the present invention is can not be used for limiting the present invention to explanation of the present invention, and any change in implication and the scope suitable with claims of the present invention, all should think to be included in the scope of claims.
Claims (2)
1. a method of preparing as the hydrogen of fuel cell hydrogen source, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps: after ammonia borane complex compound is mixed with high heat release hydroborate, react with liquid water, make to produce hydrogen, by controlling the adjusting of the blending ratio realization response hydrogen discharging rate between ammonia borane complex compound and hybrid mode and ammonia borane complex compound and the high heat release hydroborate of high heat release hydroborate, finally make available hydrogen capacity in ammonia borane complex compound and high heat release hydroborate discharge completely, described high heat release hydroborate refers to the hydride of Heat of Hydrolysis > 34kJ/kg, ammonia borane complex compound is mixed in the following ways with high heat release hydroborate: ammonia borane complex compound is placed in to ball grinder together with high heat release hydroborate, then ball milling 30~300min under 100~600rpm rotating speed, after mixing, pass into chemical dose or excessive liquid water, liquid water is successively reacted with high heat release hydroborate and ammonia borane complex compound, produce hydrogen, by controlling the adjusting of the blending ratio realization response hydrogen discharging rate between ammonia borane complex compound and high heat release hydroborate, finally make available hydrogen capacity in ammonia borane complex compound and high heat release hydroborate discharge completely, blending ratio between described ammonia borane complex compound and high heat release hydroborate is mass percent 40~75% ︰ 60~25%.
2. a method of preparing as the hydrogen of fuel cell hydrogen source, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps: after ammonia borane complex compound is mixed with high heat release hydride, react with liquid water, make to produce hydrogen, by controlling the adjusting of the blending ratio realization response hydrogen discharging rate between ammonia borane complex compound and hybrid mode and ammonia borane complex compound and the high heat release hydride of high heat release hydride, finally make available hydrogen capacity in ammonia borane complex compound and high heat release hydride discharge completely; Described high heat release hydride refers to the hydride of Heat of Hydrolysis > 34kJ/kg; Ammonia borane complex compound is mixed in the following ways with high heat release hydride: ammonia borane complex compound is dissolved in liquid water, be made into saturated solution or supersaturation suspension liquid, then mix with high heat release hydride, after mixing, liquid water successively reacts with high heat release hydride and ammonia borane complex compound, produce hydrogen, by the blending ratio between control ammonia borane complex compound and high heat release hydride and the adjusting of mixing rate realization response hydrogen discharging rate, finally make available hydrogen capacity in ammonia borane complex compound and high heat release hydride discharge completely; The concentration range of the supersaturation suspension liquid of described ammonia borane complex compound at saturated solution between 10mol/L; Blending ratio between described ammonia borane complex compound and high heat release hydride is molar percentage 25~50% ︰ 75~50%.
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CN104891435A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-09-09 | 大连理工大学 | Hydrogen production method by using proton-responsive iridium complex for catalysis of ammonia borane hydrolysis |
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CN103613068B (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2016-02-03 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of Ammonia borane composite hydrogen storage material and preparation method thereof |
CN107910572A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-04-13 | 武汉市能智达科技有限公司 | A kind of hydrogen storage material reaction chamber and its fuel cell power generating system |
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CN101837953A (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2010-09-22 | 四川大学 | Novel ammonia borane composite material for hydrolysis hydrogen production |
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CN104891435A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-09-09 | 大连理工大学 | Hydrogen production method by using proton-responsive iridium complex for catalysis of ammonia borane hydrolysis |
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