CN102985782A

CN102985782A - Thermal energy storage and recovery with a heat exchanger arrangement having an extended thermal interaction region

Info

Publication number: CN102985782A
Application number: CN2011800344422A
Authority: CN
Inventors: H.施蒂斯达尔
Original assignee: Siemens AG
Current assignee: Siemens AG
Priority date: 2010-07-12
Filing date: 2011-05-25
Publication date: 2013-03-20
Anticipated expiration: 2031-05-25
Also published as: WO2012007216A3; WO2012007216A2; US20130104549A1; CN102985782B; EP2593742A2

Abstract

A thermal energy storage and recovery device (100, 300) comprises a heat exchanger arrangement (110, 310), which is configured for guiding a flow of a heat transfer medium between a first end (112a) and a second end (114a) of the heat exchanger arrangement, a heat storage material (108), which surrounds the heat exchanger arrangement in such a manner that a thermal interaction region is formed for thermally coupling the heat transfer medium with the heat storage material and a control unit for controlling the operation of the device.; The heat exchanger arrangement is adapted to (a) transport the heat transfer medium from the first end to the second end, if the device is in a first operational mode, in which the heat storage material receives thermal energy from the heat transfer medium and (b) transport the heat transfer medium from the second end to the first end, if the device is in a second operational mode, in which the heat storage material releases thermal energy to the heat transfer medium.; The thermal interaction region has at least such a physical length along a transport direction of the heat transfer medium and the control unit is configured for operating the device in such a manner, that when storing thermal energy with a hot heat transfer medium or when recovering thermal energy with a cold heat transfer medium within the device there exists a region (R) where the inlet and outlet temperature of the heat transfer medium of this region is kept constant. Further, a corresponding method and a system comprising such a device are described.

Description

The heat exchanger apparatus that utilization has expansion thermal interaction zone carries out thermal energy storage and recovery

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of temporary transient heat energy storage.Particularly, the present invention relates to comprise thermal energy storage and the reclaimer of heat exchanger apparatus and heat accumulating.Further, the present invention relates to comprise thermal energy storage and the recovery system of this thermal energy storage and reclaimer and utilize this thermal energy storage and the method for reclaimer storage and recovery heat energy.

Background technology

Electric energy generation from various types of alternative energy sources (such as wind turbine, solar power plant and wave-power plant) is discontinuous.This generation may be depended on ambient parameter, such as wind speed (for for the wind turbine), intensity of sunshine (for for the solar power plant) and wave height and direction (for wave power plant).Usually seldom relevant or fully irrelevant between power generation and the energy requirement.

Electric energy produces and a kind of known approach of power requirement unrelated problem is that temporary transient storage has produced not by the energy of demand but solve, and discharges stored energy when demand is large.Past has proposed many distinct methods of temporary transient storage power.The method that proposes for example is: a) mechanical energy storage method (storage, compressed-air-storing and flywheel for example draw water), b) chemical energy storage method (for example electrochemical cell and organic molecule store), c) magnetic energy stores, and d) thermal energy storage.

WO 9214054 Al disclose a kind of power generation and stocking system take wind as power, and it comprises the wind rotor that engages with generator drive via transmission device, and heat pump also is connected to described system to operate at least one heat exchanger unit.The wind rotor is designed to wind wheel, this wind wheel has with the main shaft that is arranged in the downside engine housing and directly drives the wheel rim that engages, except generator and heat pump, two circulating pumps also couple with this main shaft, are used for will being heated with the liquid that is cooled being transported to respectively heat accumulation station and the Chu Lengzhan that separates from the heating container that is positioned at engine housing with cooled containers.Via steam separator and pumping equipment, steam generator can be connected to the heat accumulation station, and this heat accumulation station drives extra generator via steam turbine, in order to produce electric power during wind is mild.Accumulator plant can be embedded in the soil of the filler with sand, stone or similar material.This take wind as power power generation and a shortcoming of stocking system be, energy storage is connected with the wind turbine direct mechanical with recovery system, and all the energy storage equipments except accumulator plant all are arranged in wind turbine, cause the mechanical arrangement of system component complicated.This causes this known system's underaction.

Need to improve the temporary transient storage of heat energy, especially aspect the flexibility and efficient of thermal energy storage system.

Summary of the invention

This need to be satisfied by the theme according to independent claims.Dependent claims has been described the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

According to a first aspect of the invention, provide a kind of thermal energy storage and reclaimer, having comprised: heat exchanger apparatus, it is configured to flow be used to the heat transfer medium between the second end of the first end of guiding described heat exchanger apparatus and described heat exchanger apparatus; Heat accumulating, it is in the following manner around described heat exchanger apparatus, that is: so that the formation thermal interaction is regional, so that described heat transfer medium and described heat accumulating heat are coupled; And control module, be used for controlling the operation of described thermal energy storage and reclaimer.Described heat exchanger apparatus is suitable for: if a) described thermal energy storage and reclaimer are in the first operator scheme, then described heat transfer medium is transferred to described the second end from described first end, in this first operator scheme, described heat accumulating should receive heat energy from described heat transfer medium, and b) if described thermal energy storage and reclaimer are in the second operator scheme, then described heat transfer medium is transferred to described first end from described the second end, in this second operator scheme, described heat accumulating should discharge heat energy to described heat transfer medium.In addition, described thermal interaction zone has at least along the following physical length of the transmission direction of described heat transfer medium, and control module is configured to operate in the following manner described thermal energy storage and reclaimer, that is: so that when in described thermal energy storage and reclaimer during during with hot heat transfer medium heat energy storage or with cold heat transfer agent recovery heat energy, have a zone, wherein the inlet temperature of this regional heat transfer medium and outlet temperature keep at least substantially constant.

Described thermal energy storage and reclaimer are based on following design, that is: by adopting different heat transfer medium transmission directions can realize efficient thermal energy storage for different operation modes, wherein, the physical length in thermal interaction zone is greater than a predetermined longitudinal extension.Particularly, a) the different transmission directions of two kinds of different operation modes, and b) long physical length so that at least a period of time heat transfer medium during the second operator scheme reach such outlet temperature, this outlet temperature is the sometime not obvious inlet temperature less than heat transfer medium during the first operator scheme at least.This means, can compare identical (height) temperature with the heat transfer medium that during the first operator scheme, is provided to thermal energy storage and reclaimer from thermal energy storage and reclaimer reception at heat transfer medium during the second operator scheme.In this way, if hot heat transfer medium comprises heated steam, then (initial time) heated cold heat transfer medium also can comprise heated steam, can be directly used in the driving steam turbine in the situation of other heater after this heated steam.Can significantly improve thus the efficient of heat accumulation process.

Describedly utilized a) the first transmission direction from first end to the second end and carried (charge) heat energy in order to fill to heat accumulating, and b) opposite the second transmission direction from the second end to first end is so that from heat accumulating unloading (discharge) heat energy, thereby this principle can be interpreted as and adopt the reversible flow principle.

Particularly, the first operator scheme (namely filling the heat-carrying energy to heat accumulating), make hot heat transfer medium enter first end.After having transmitted its at least part of heat energy, at least part of heat transfer medium that cools down returns at the second end.Correspondingly, at the second operator scheme (namely from heat accumulating unloading heat energy), make relatively cold heat transfer medium enter the second end.After heat accumulating has received heat energy, heated heat transfer medium returns at first end at least in part.

In other words, when benefiting from described countercurrent action, the arrival end that is used for hot heat transfer medium that thermal energy storage apparatus is filled heat exchanger apparatus when carrying port of export for heated heat transfer medium of heat exchanger apparatus when thermal energy storage apparatus is unloaded can be identical.Heat exchanger apparatus can be identical for the arrival end of cold heat transfer medium when correspondingly, thermal energy storage and reclaimer filled the port of export that heat exchanger apparatus when carrying is used for the heat transfer medium that cools down with thermal energy storage and reclaimer unloading.

Heat transfer medium can be fluid, i.e. liquid state or gaseous medium.Preferably, heat transfer medium can be compressed air or be superheated steam when heat transfer medium is in its higher temperature at least.This can mean, when heat energy being filled when being downloaded in described thermal energy storage and the reclaimer, being added into heat transfer medium in the heat exchanger apparatus at least part of is gaseous state.When heat transfer medium left heat exchanger apparatus, it can become liquid again.Correspondingly, during from described thermal energy storage and reclaimer unloading or extraction heat energy, cold fluid liquid can be heated, thereby is converted into the steam of gaseous state or at least part of gaseous state.If the heat energy that extracts is used for driving steam turbine (this steam turbine self drives power generator), this is especially useful so.

Since described between heat transfer medium and heat accumulating the thermal interaction zone than surplus reason length combine countercurrent flow principle described above, can guarantee to fill year and the thermograde of the thermal energy storage unit that unloads with cold fluid (energy recovery fluid) keeps approximately constant in the whole length of the stream of contracurrent system with hot fluid (thermal energy storage fluid).In addition, the entrance and exit temperature that can guarantee thermal energy storage unit is approximately constant also.

Have than surplus and manage the heat exchanger apparatus of length and use the countercurrent flow principle can guarantee to realize thermal energy storage and the reclaimer entrance and exit temperature of approximately constant.This is so that be easy to that the equipment of control connection reclaims stored energy and to electrical network supply electric power.

By making the unloading heat transfer medium have constant outlet temperature, can during whole heat energy unloading cycle, keep high efficiency.This is a great advantage with comparing such as other energy storage program of battery, in battery, efficient interdischarge interval reduce and under different discharge rates efficient different.Described thermal energy storage and reclaimer are also much effective than the known device with less interaction zone, in known device, the temperature of whole heat accumulating usually during unloading cycle (i.e. the second operator scheme) reduce gradually, cause Efficiency Decreasing.

According to one embodiment of present invention, described heat transfer medium inlet and outlet temperature keep constant zone inconstant other zone are long basically than the corresponding entrance and exit temperature of the heat transfer medium of described thermal energy storage and reclaimer.

According to embodiments of the invention, the physical length in thermal interaction zone is at least 200m, is preferably at least 500m, especially at least 1000m.

By between heat transfer medium and heat accumulating, having the interaction zone than surplus reason length, it is the zone that heat exchanger apparatus is arranged in heat accumulating, and by adopting the countercurrent flow principle, can guarantee that the temperature of cold fluid during the second operator scheme (namely reclaiming stored heat energy from thermal energy storage with reclaimer) is increased to and the identical or approximately uniform temperature of the inlet temperature of hot fluid.In this way, comprise the same high temperature with heated steam if during the first operator scheme, be provided to the hot fluid of thermal energy storage and reclaimer, then heated cold fluid also can comprise or be converted into heated steam, is used in after this steam in the situation of other heater and directly drives steam turbine.Thus, can realize the efficient heat energy storage capacity of described thermal energy storage and reclaimer.

First end and the second end can be positioned at the same side of thermal energy storage and reclaimer.Close toward each other by the arrival end of heat exchanger apparatus and the port of export are placed as, can minimize the heat loss that the fluid recurrent canal of the length of returning owing to long fluid (heat transfer medium) feed conduit of presenting to heat exchanger apparatus and/or from heat exchanger apparatus causes.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, heat exchanger apparatus comprises: the first heat exchanging segment that a) is associated with first end, b) the second heat exchanging segment that is associated with the second end, c) the first linkage section of connection the first heat exchanging segment and the second heat exchanging segment, and d) be parallel to the second linkage section that the first linkage section ground connects the first heat exchanging segment and the second heat exchanging segment.In the linkage section at least one comprises valve, is used for control by the heat transfer medium stream of corresponding linkage section.This can provide following advantage, can regulate the thermal energy storage ability of exchange capability of heat and/or thermal energy storage and the reclaimer of heat exchanger apparatus that is:, makes it be suitable for the practical operation condition.For example, can reduce (increase) to effective quantity or the quality of the contributive heat accumulating of described thermal energy storage by closing (opening) described valve.This is equally applicable to the total heat exchange rate between heat exchanger apparatus and the heat accumulating.

Generally speaking, by changing setting or the adjusting to valve, can realize reducing or improving exchange capability of heat and thermal energy storage ability.Thus, can regulate thermal energy storage and reclaimer, make it be applicable to the current operation condition.

Be noted that, except one or more valves, heater and/or cooling device (for example heating circuit and/or cooling circuit) also can be used for thermal energy storage and the reclaimer of operation thermal energy storage and recovery system, in order to optimize entrance and/or the outlet temperature of described thermal energy storage and reclaimer.Can further improve energy storage efficient thus.

What further specify is, one or more in the described valve can be thermostat controlled and/or Long-distance Control.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, thermal energy storage and reclaimer further comprise adiabatic apparatus, this adiabatic apparatus is used for: a) make whole thermal energy storage and reclaimer and its extraneous thermal insulation, and/or b) make the different compartments of described thermal energy storage and reclaimer adiabatic mutually.This can provide following advantage, that is: thermal energy storage and reclaimer can be at least in part and different compartments or at least in part each other heat isolation of zone of its surrounding environment heat isolation and/or described equipment, thereby can optimize based on given operating condition the effective dimensions of thermal energy storage and reclaimer.

Adiabatic apparatus can comprise for example mineral wool, mineral wool, rock wool or other preferred pseudo adiabatic material.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, dispose in the following manner described compartment, that is: make it possible to realize the control of staged thermograde along described thermal interaction zone, thereby so that the temperature of the temperature constant in each compartment and different compartments is different.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, heat accumulating comprises solid material, especially such as sand, soil, ashes, stone and/or gravel.Certainly, also can use preferred same relatively cheap and comprise other material of similar thermal characteristics.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, described first end comprises that single the first opening and described the second end comprise single the second opening, wherein, i) in described the first operator scheme, described the first opening is used for receiving hot fluid, described the second opening is used for discharging cold fluid, this cold fluid represents the hot fluid that cools down, and ii) in described the second operator scheme, described the second opening is used for receiving cold fluid, described the first opening is used for discharging hot fluid, and this hot fluid represents heated cold fluid.This can provide following advantage, that is: single heat exchanger apparatus is enough to realize described countercurrent flow principle.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, thermal energy storage and reclaimer further comprise: another heat exchanger apparatus, and it is configured to be used to another heat transfer medium stream between another second end of another first end of guiding described another heat exchanger apparatus and described another heat exchanger apparatus; And another heat accumulating, it is in the following manner around described another heat exchanger apparatus, that is: so that form another thermal interaction zone, so that described another heat transfer medium and described another heat accumulating heat are coupled.Described another heat exchanger apparatus is suitable for: if a) described thermal energy storage and reclaimer are in another the first operator scheme, then described another heat transfer medium is transferred to described another second end from described another first end, in described another first operator scheme, described another heat accumulating should receive heat energy from described another heat transfer medium, and b) if described thermal energy storage and reclaimer are in another the second operator scheme, then described another heat transfer medium is transferred to described another first end from described another second end, in described another second operator scheme, described another heat accumulating should discharge heat energy to described another heat transfer medium.In addition, described another thermal interaction zone has at least along following another physical length of another transmission direction of described another heat transfer medium, and described control module is further configured as operating in the following manner described thermal energy storage and reclaimer, that is: so that when maybe in being used in described another heat exchanger apparatus, being guided cold heat transfer agent recovery heat energy during the hot heat transfer medium heat energy storage that in described thermal energy storage and reclaimer, in being used in described another heat exchanger apparatus, is guided, have another zone, it is constant that the inlet temperature of described another regional heat transfer medium and outlet temperature keep.Wherein, described another zone is longer than other other zone of described thermal energy storage and reclaimer, and corresponding inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of the heat transfer medium in described other other zone are inconstant.

This can provide following advantage, that is: can with another heat transfer medium fill carry and/the described thermal energy storage of unloading and reclaimer.Wherein, described another heat transfer medium can be the fluid different from described heat transfer medium.Perhaps, described another heat transfer medium and described heat transfer medium can be same fluid, but they are guided through the various heat exchange pipe that passes heat accumulating.

Than the heat accumulating relevant with above-mentioned heat exchanger apparatus, described another heat accumulating relevant with described another heat exchanger apparatus can be identical material or can be different materials.

Each arrival end of described heat exchanger apparatus and described another heat exchanger apparatus and the port of export can be only be used for making fluid cold when initial and when initial the fluid of heat flow at independently chamber or the conduit of thermal energy storage and reclaimer.In order to reclaim stored energy, only allow when initial cold flow cross described equipment, and for storage power, be to allow when initial the flow of heat cross described equipment.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, described heat exchanger apparatus and described another heat exchanger apparatus form contra-flow heat exchanger system.Thus, described another heat transfer medium and described heat transfer medium can transmit simultaneously, and described another heat transfer medium is to transmit along the rightabout with respect to described heat transfer medium.

Generally speaking, described contra-flow heat exchanger system can make two heat transfer mediums simultaneously but advance by described heat exchanger apparatus or described another heat exchanger apparatus pipe separately along opposite directions.In this way, heat transfer medium moves along mutual opposite direction in the separate chamber of contra-flow heat exchanger system or conduit.Wherein, the heat that flows into the contra-flow heat exchanger system enters the speed of stream can be different from the cold speed that enters stream that flows into the contra-flow heat exchanger system.This can provide following advantage, can draw lentamente or store lentamente stored heat energy according to the cold and/or hot speed that enters stream that is:.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of thermal energy storage and recovery system are provided, comprise: the thermal energy storage and the reclaimer that a) limit as mentioned, b) heat generator, it is connected with reclaimer with thermal energy storage and is connected and is suitable for heating from thermal energy storage and reclaimer heat transfer medium that received and that should be transferred to thermal energy storage and reclaimer, and c) heat loss device, it is connected with reclaimer with thermal energy storage and is connected and is suitable for from being received heat energy by the heat transfer medium of thermal energy storage and reclaimer heating.

Described thermal energy storage and recovery system be based on following design, when above-mentioned thermal energy storage and the collaborative heat generator of reclaimer and heat loss device operate, can realize efficiently temporary transient thermmal storage and recuperation of heat that is:.

Heat generator can be any apparatus that energy (particularly electric energy) can be converted into heat energy.Then via heat transfer medium (the transforming more precisely) heat energy that produces is passed to thermal energy storage and reclaimer.

If thermal energy storage is connected with heat generator direct (heat) with reclaimer, then thermal energy storage is identical with the operation medium of heat generator with the employed heat transfer medium of reclaimer.If indirect joint then can use different fluid as heat transfer medium and operation medium.Then utilize heat exchanger and/or utilize condenser to realize thermally coupled between two kinds of fluids.

The heat loss device can be heat energy can be converted into mechanical energy and/or can be fed to for example any apparatus of the electric energy of electrical network.

If thermal energy storage is connected with heat loss device direct (heat) with reclaimer, then thermal energy storage is identical with the operation medium of heat conversion device with the employed heat transfer medium of reclaimer.If indirect joint then can use different fluid as heat transfer medium and operation medium.Then utilize heat exchanger and/or utilize evaporimeter to realize thermally coupled between two kinds of fluids.

Preferably, thermal energy storage and reclaimer comprise two heat exchanger apparatus, particularly heat exchanger apparatus mentioned above and another heat exchanger apparatus mentioned above, wherein, a heat exchanger apparatus is associated with heat generator, and another heat exchanger apparatus is associated with the heat loss device.

According to embodiments of the invention, heat generator comprises: a) compressor, be used for presenting the hot heat transfer medium of compression to thermal energy storage and reclaimer, and b) turbine, be used for receiving the hot heat transfer medium that cools down from thermal energy storage and reclaimer.This can provide following advantage, that is: arbitrary gas (for example, for example compressed air) can be with acting on the heat transfer medium that heat energy is written into thermal energy storage and reclaimer.Because thermal energy storage and reclaimer will cool down air during air passes the heat exchanger apparatus of thermal energy storage and reclaimer, so the atmospheric pressure in thermal energy storage and reclaimer exit will be less than the compressed-air actuated pressure of thermal energy storage and reclaimer input.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, heat generator further comprises the motor that drives described compressor.Wherein, turbine and motor mechanical connection.This can provide following advantage, that is: heat generator can reach high efficiency.

Particularly, if hot heat transfer medium or fluid comprise the hot compressed air of the heat exchanger apparatus that enters thermal energy storage and reclaimer, the compressed air of cooling can return in the exit of heat exchanger apparatus then, wherein, the compressed air of described cooling is fed to air turbine, this air turbine can be connected with the shaft mechanical that air turbine is connected with compressor, helps the drive compression machine, and improves thus the efficient of described thermal energy storage and reclaimer.

Heat generator can comprise electric boiler and/or heat pump.This can provide following advantage, that is: can being converted into can be as the heat of thermal energy storage in above-mentioned thermal energy storage and reclaimer with electric energy (electric energy that particularly produces by alternative energy sources such as wind turbine).Especially, heat pump can provide the advantage that produces very efficiently heat.When using heat pump, electric energy at first is converted into the mechanical energy of compressor, and this is consistent with well-known physical principle, in this principle, and heat pump compressed gaseous heat pump medium and make this medium center on the closed loop cycle that mainly comprises condenser and evaporimeter.Thus, the energy that discharges in condenser can be used for the heating heat transfer medium, and then this heat transfer medium is sent to thermal energy storage and reclaimer.In this respect, being noted that can be by air, drive described evaporimeter by another cooling device and/or by for example water from partition heating facility pumped back.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the heat loss device comprises steam turbine, and this steam turbine receives hot heat transfer medium from described thermal energy storage and reclaimer in the second mode of operation.This can provide following advantage: can realize that high efficiency recovery heat energy transforms.

In this respect, " hot heat transfer medium " can represent when initial that colder or cold heat transfer medium passes thermal energy storage owing to it and reclaimer has been heated.

The rotating shaft of steam turbine can be connected with power generator, and the mechanical energy that this power generator can provide steam turbine is converted into electric energy, and this electric energy can easily be fed to electrical network and/or directly be consumed by at least one customer.

Steam turbine can be connected with condenser, and wherein the operation medium of steam turbine is in the liquid phase that its Energy Transfer is transformed into it after steam turbine.

Described condenser can be the part of another closed-loop path, and it separates with the evaporation turbine, and described condenser can mainly comprise pump and evaporimeter.Wherein, can will pass to steam turbine from the energy of thermal energy storage and reclaimer release via mentioned evaporimeter, wherein, the operation medium of described evaporation turbine is gas phase from liquid phase transition.

Can be by air, drive described condenser by another cooling device and/or by the water from partition heating facility pumped back.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the heat loss device further comprises circulating pump, is used for presenting cold heat transfer medium to thermal energy storage and reclaimer.

In this respect, " cold heat transfer medium " can represent that cold heat transfer medium will be heated during it passes thermal energy storage and reclaimer.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the heat loss device further comprises the partition heating facility, this facility: a) receive heat transfer medium from described steam turbine, and b) provide heat transfer medium to circulating pump.

The partition heating facility system can comprise the heat exchanger system of thermally coupled heat transfer medium and fluid (for example, for example water).Thus, the partition heating facility can receive colder water from drainage facility via water inlet, and can provide hot water or warm water to drainage facility via water out.

Be noted that thermal energy storage and recovery system may further include control module, this control module is connected to: a) thermal energy storage and reclaimer, b) heat generator and c) in the heat loss device at least one.Thus, control module is suitable for controlling the operation of thermal energy storage and recovery system.

Particularly, control module can be couple to one or more in the following assembly: a) compressor of heat generator, b) valve of heat generator, c) at least one valve of thermal energy storage and reclaimer, d) driving heat transfer medium makes it by at least one circulating pump of thermal energy storage and reclaimer, e) (steam) turbine of heat loss device, f) feeding pump of heat conversion device, g) for the circulating pump that cold medium is circulated at charge cycle, wherein said cold media drive: the g1) evaporimeter of (utilize above-mentioned heat pump realize) heat generator, and/or the g2) condenser of heat loss device (mainly comprising steam turbine).

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of thermal energy storage and recovery method are provided, the method utilization has thermal energy storage and the reclaimer of heat exchanger apparatus and heat accumulating, this heat exchanger apparatus comprises first end and the second end, this heat accumulating is in the following manner around described heat exchanger apparatus, that is: so that the formation thermal interaction is regional, couple with heat transfer medium and the described heat accumulating heat that will in described heat exchanger apparatus, be guided.The method that provides comprises: if a) thermal energy storage and reclaimer are in the first operator scheme, then heat transfer medium is transferred to the second end from first end, in this first operator scheme, heat accumulating receives heat energy from heat transfer medium, and b) if thermal energy storage and reclaimer are in the second operator scheme, then heat transfer medium is transferred to first end from the second end, in this second operator scheme, heat accumulating discharges heat energy to heat transfer medium.In addition, operate in the following manner thermal energy storage and reclaimer, and the thermal interaction zone has the following physical length along the transmission direction of heat transfer medium at least, that is: so that when in thermal energy storage and reclaimer during during with hot heat transfer medium heat energy storage or with cold heat transfer agent recovery heat energy, have a zone, wherein the described inlet temperature of the described heat transfer medium in this zone and outlet temperature keep at least substantially constant.

Described method is based on following design, that is: when when producing a zone and heat transfer medium inlet that should the zone and outlet temperature and keep substantially invariable mode to operate thermal energy storage and reclaimer, can be implemented in the inlet temperature that enters this regional heat transfer medium and leave between the outlet temperature of this regional heat transfer medium and have maximum temperature difference.Can maximize thus the efficient of energy storage and removal process.

Particularly, when fill to heat accumulating heat-carrying can the time, the inlet temperature of the heat transfer medium of heat will be almost identical at least with the temperature of (heat) heat transfer medium that enters whole thermal energy storage and reclaimer when entering this zone initial.In addition, leaving the outlet temperature of the heat transfer medium that cools down in this zone will be almost identical at least with the temperature of (heat) heat transfer medium that leaves whole thermal energy storage and reclaimer.

Correspondingly, when heat accumulating is unloaded, the inlet temperature of cold heat transfer medium will be almost identical at least with the temperature of (cold) heat transfer medium that enters whole thermal energy storage and reclaimer when entering this zone initial.In addition, leaving the outlet temperature of the heated heat transfer medium in this zone will be almost identical at least with the temperature of the heat transfer medium that leaves whole thermal energy storage and reclaimer.

Be noted that this zone with constant entrance and exit temperature will become larger by increasing along the physical length in the thermal interaction zone of heat transfer medium transmission direction.Therefore, can significantly improve the efficient of whole thermal energy storage and removal process by the physical length that increases the thermal interaction zone.

Should be noted that and described embodiments of the invention with reference to different themes.Particularly, with reference to having described some embodiment for the claim of thermal energy storage and reclaimer, and with reference to having described other embodiment for thermal energy storage and recovery system or for the method for utilizing this thermal energy storage and reclaimer to store and to reclaim heat energy.Yet according to above and following description, those skilled in the art will sum up, and except as otherwise noted, otherwise except any combination of the feature that belongs to a class theme, any combination that relates between the feature of different themes also should be considered to open by this paper.In addition, when benefiting from the disclosure of this paper, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the operation of described thermal energy storage and reclaimer and system.

According to embodiment described below, various aspects defined above of the present invention and other side will become obviously, and with reference to embodiment it be made an explanation.Hereinafter describe in more detail the present invention with reference to embodiment, but the invention is not restricted to these embodiment.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows thermal energy storage with heat exchanger apparatus and the top view in cross-section of reclaimer, the second heat exchanging segment that described heat exchanger apparatus comprises the first heat exchanging segment of being associated with first end, be associated with the second end and be connected abreast the first heat exchanging segment and three linkage sections of the second heat exchanging segment.

Fig. 2 shows the top view in cross-section of thermal energy storage shown in Figure 1 and reclaimer.

Fig. 3 shows thermal energy storage with long heat exchanger apparatus and reclaimer and along the relevant temperature characteristic of the pipe of this long heat exchanger apparatus.

Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram according to thermal energy storage and the recovery system of first embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram according to thermal energy storage and the recovery system of second embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 6 shows when thermal energy storage and reclaimer and is filled when carrying along the temperature characterisitic of the pipe of heat exchanger apparatus by hot entrance heat transfer medium in some steps, and this heat exchanger apparatus has and the thermal interaction length of the interactional length of heat accumulating on every side.

Fig. 7 shows the staged temperature characterisitic along the pipe of heat exchanger apparatus, and wherein, thermal energy storage and reclaimer comprise the different compartments of mutual thermal insulation.

Fig. 8 shows along the thermograde of the pipe of heat exchanger apparatus, wherein, heat fill carry during thermograde move along first direction, and thermograde is mobile in opposite direction during the heat unloading.

The specific embodiment

Diagram in the accompanying drawing is schematic.Should be noted that in different accompanying drawings similar or similar elements has identical Reference numeral or only at the first figure place Reference numeral different from the respective drawings mark.

Fig. 1 shows the top view in cross-section of thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100.Thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100 comprise outer cover 102, and described outer cover comprises heat-insulating material.Therefore, outer cover 102 has represented the outer adiabatic wall 108 of thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100.Thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100 comprise that further the space segmentation with thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100 becomes the interior adiabatic wall 104 of zones of different.According to the embodiments described herein, outer adiabatic wall 108 and interior adiabatic wall 104 all comprise mineral wool.

Be filled with heat accumulating 108 in the outer cover 102.Heat accumulating 108 comprises sand, soil, ashes, gravel, stone and/or comprises the solid material of other kind of large specific heat capacity.Whole thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100 are embedded in ground or basis (ground) 120, and basis 120 also can comprise soil, gravel, stone, rock, ashes and/or sand or similar material.

Thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100 further comprise heat exchanger apparatus 110.Heat exchanger apparatus 110 has been embedded into heat accumulating 108.Heat exchanger apparatus 110 comprises the first heat exchanging segment 112 of being associated with the first end 112a of heat exchanger apparatus 110, the second heat exchanging segment 114 that is associated with the second end 114a of heat exchanger apparatus 110 and three linkage sections 116,117 and 118 that are connected abreast the first heat exchanging segment 112 and the second heat exchanging segment 114.In each linkage section 116,117 and 118, be respectively arranged with

valve

116a, 117a and 118a.Can come

control valve

116a, 117a and 118a by unshowned control module, so that can open independently, close or each in three linkage sections 116 of opening/closing, 117 and 118 partly.One or more by among shut off

valve

116a, 117a and the 118a can control the heat transfer medium stream that passes heat exchanger apparatus 110.Thus, the subregion that can be effectively the valve with this is closed of thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100 be associated separates with the remaining area of thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100.This means that by opening a valve and close one or more in other valve, energy storage capacity can be used reducing of capacity or increases and correspondingly reduce or increase along with heat exchanger apparatus 100.

The size of described thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100 can be long greater than 1000m, 100m is wide and 5m is dark.This is so that volume is 500000m ³Mentioned that as mentioned heat accumulating can be filled out sand with sand, the specific heat capacity of sand is that the density of 0.8 kJ/ (kg K) and sand is 1740 kg/m ³When sand 108 is heated to 200 ℃ (being that temperature difference is 180 ℃) from 20 ℃, so that heat storage capacity reaches 125280 GJ.This is equivalent to 34.8GWh.

Certainly, in order to obtain other heat storage capacity, also can use thermal energy storage and reclaimer with other size and other operating temperature.

When operation thermal energy storage apparatus 100, different operator schemes are used for: a) fill the heat-carrying energy to thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100, and b) is used for thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100 are unloaded, namely is used for fetching heat energy from thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100.Particularly, in the first operator scheme, can store and reclaimer 100 by filling heat-carrying from heat transfer medium reception heat energy, described heat transfer medium is transferred to the second end 114a from first end 112a.In the second operator scheme, by being provided to heat transfer medium, heat energy unloads thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100, and described heat transfer medium is transferred to first end 112a from the second end 114a.The transmission direction of heat transfer medium can be regarded as the dependence of mode of operation and has adopted countercurrent action.By utilizing this countercurrent action, when reclaiming heat energy from thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100, cold heat transfer medium can be heated to a temperature, the inlet temperature of the heat transfer medium of heat that this temperature is approaching when entering thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100 with heat energy is identical.This is so that the thermodynamic efficiency of described thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100 is very high.

Be noted that, according to the embodiments described herein, thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100 further comprise also unshowned another heat exchanger apparatus, it has another first heat exchanging segment and another second heat exchanging segment, described another first heat exchanging segment comprises another the first end, and described another second heat exchanging segment comprises another the second end.So, utilizing countercurrent action, hot fluid can be fed in one of first end and return in one of second end, and cold fluid can be fed in described another first end and returns in described another second end.For heat exchanger apparatus 110, described another heat exchanger apparatus can comprise independently chamber or conduit.

Fig. 2 shows the top view in cross-section of thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100.Can see end 112a and the 114a of heat exchanger apparatus 110 in the front side of thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100.In addition, according to embodiment described above, another first end 112b of first end 112a and described another heat exchanger apparatus is set on the right side of thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100.Another second end 114b of the second end 114a and described another heat exchanger apparatus correspondingly, is set in the left side of thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100.

Be noted that in orientation shown in Figure 2, thermal energy storage and reclaimer 100 can be placed into downwards in the basis 120.

Fig. 3 shows according to another embodiment of the present invention thermal energy storage and reclaimer 300.Thermal energy storage and reclaimer 300 comprise heat exchanger apparatus 310 and another heat exchanger apparatus 311.Heat-

exchanger rig

310 and 311 all has the Physical interaction length with heat accumulating 308 interactional length.

As seen in Figure 3, thermal energy storage and reclaimer 300 are divided into some compartments 305, and compartment 305 is separated from each other via interior adiabatic wall 304.

Heat exchanger apparatus 310 comprises arrival end 312a and port of export 314a.Another heat exchanger apparatus 311 comprises arrival end 314b and port of export 312b.For with thermal energy storage in thermal energy storage and reclaimer 300, temperature is that the heat of t1 is filled carrying object and is fed to arrival end 312a and returns with temperature t 2 via port of export 314a.In order to reclaim heat energy from thermal energy storage and reclaimer 300, temperature is that the relatively cold offload fluid of t3 is fed to arrival end 314b and returns with temperature t 4 via port of export 312b.

As visible in Fig. 3 bottom, offload fluid almost reaches the temperature t 4 identical with the inlet temperature t1 that fills carrying object.Realize that this favourable temperature characterisitic is owing to two reasons:

A) at a) heat exchanger apparatus 310 and another heat exchanger apparatus 311 and b) the thermal interaction length of length between the heat accumulating 308.Among the embodiment that here describes, this thermal interaction length is 1000m,

B) fill with the countercurrent flow principle and carry/unloading thermal energy storage and reclaimer 300, wherein, the thermograde of carrying and unload both of filling of thermal energy storage and reclaimer 300 keeps at least approximately constant in the whole length of the stream of contracurrent system.It is almost identical with the temperature curve that fills carrying object that the temperature curve of offload fluid seems, has been displacement apart from d, and the inlet temperature of two kinds of fluids is identical with outlet temperature or almost identical simultaneously.

Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram according to the thermal energy storage of first embodiment of the invention and recovery system 430.In order to store energy in thermal energy storage and the reclaimer 400, use heat generator 470.In order to recover energy from thermal energy storage and reclaimer 400, use heat loss device 490.

As seen from Figure 4, heat generator 470 comprises by motor 476 driven compressors 472.Compressor 472 comprises air intake 472a.Air among the air intake 472a can have for example 20 degrees centigrade temperature and for example pressure of 1 bar.During compressed air, pressure for example can rise to 25 bar and temperature can rise to for example 500 degrees centigrade.This is heated and the air that compresses is fed in the entrance of heat exchanger apparatus 410 of thermal energy storage and reclaimer 400.Then, current for example have 20 degrees centigrade temperature and still return via the outlet of heat exchanger apparatus 410 near the compressed air of the pressure of 25 bar.

Then the outlet air with compression is fed in the air turbine 474.According to the embodiments described herein, air turbine 474, motor 476 and compressor 472 have common axis 477.The advantage that this provides air turbine 474 will help motor 476 drive compression machines 472, thus the efficient of heat generator 470 will be improved.

The temperature of the expansion outlet air that is provided by air turbine 474 via air outlet slit 474a can drop to for example subzero once (1 ℃) Celsius at air when 25 bar pressure expand into 1 bar pressure.This for example is used for the surrounding air in one or more rooms of one or more buildings is carried out air conditioning so that be suitable for cooling off purposes from the expansion outlet air of air turbine 474.

In order to reclaim stored energy, temperature is fed to for for example 20 degrees centigrade cold fluid in the entrance of another heat exchanger apparatus 411 of thermal energy storage and reclaimer 400.According to the embodiments described herein, this finishes by circulating pump 492.Circulating pump 492 is collected water from the partition heating facility 498 that comprises water inlet 498a.

After passing another heat exchanger apparatus 411, fluid has outlet temperature, and this outlet temperature is significantly greater than the fluid intake temperature of another heat exchanger apparatus 411 porch.Because a) described adverse current Fluid Flow in A in thermal energy storage and reclaimer 400, and b) surplus between the heat accumulating of heat exchanger apparatus 411 and thermal energy storage and reclaimer 400 reason interaction length, the outlet temperature of fluid of leaving another heat exchanger apparatus 411 is almost identical with the inlet temperature of the hot compressed air that enters heat exchanger apparatus 410.

In this way, cold fluid changes steam into, makes steam can heat described steam by the further mistake of heater (not shown) before entering steam turbine 494, and described steam turbine 494 connects by axle and drives power generator 496.Randomly, can also make steam enter the condenser (not shown), steam changes water at this place.Can drive this condenser by air (static or from the surrounding air of ventilation equipment).Alternatively or in combination, the water pump that returns from partition heating facility 498 can be sent by condenser, so that cooling steam.Can be pumped back into partition heating facility 498 and the water out 498b by partition heating facility 498 returns through the water of condensation.Power generator 496 can be connected to the alternative energy sources (not shown) of public electric wire net (not shown) and wind turbine or other kind.

In this way, motor 476 can use the electric energy that is produced by for example wind turbine to come drive compression machine 472, and compressed air presented passes thermal energy storage and reclaimer 400, and with thermal energy storage in thermal energy storage material (such as sand or other similar solid material with high specific heat capacity).Not having less period of wind or wind or perhaps establishing place wind speed too high period at wind turbine, water pump can be sent and pass thermal energy storage and reclaimer 400, water is heated to be steam, afterwards this steam drive steam turbine 494.Steam turbine 494 drives to the power generator 496 of public electric wire net power supply.

Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram according to the thermal energy storage of second embodiment of the invention and recovery system 530.In this embodiment, partition heating facility or thermal power station 535 are connected to public electric wire net 550 and are connected to thermal energy storage and reclaimer 500.According to the embodiments described herein, partition heating facility or thermal power station 535 comprise that having the condenser (not shown) is connected the steam turbine 540 of power generator 545 and the compressor 572 with embedded motor with connection.Compressor 572 can be replaced with electric boiler or replenish with heat pump or other heater.

Partition heating facility or thermal power station 535 are connected to thermal energy storage and reclaimer 500, both have been used for energy storage and also have been used for reclaiming stored energy.Equally, the alternative energy sources of wind turbine 560 or other type can be connected to public electric wire net 550.

Compressor 572 with embedded motor also comprises and helps drive compression machine 572 with motor by the air turbine (not shown) of mechanical connection.Air turbine can be connected to the heat exchanger apparatus outlet of thermal energy storage and reclaimer 500, receives the compressed air of the cooling in this outlet.

Fig. 6 shows when thermal energy storage and reclaimer are filled the entrance heat transfer medium that carries heat when initial in some steps, along the temperature characterisitic of the pipe of heat exchanger apparatus, this heat exchanger apparatus has and the thermal interaction length of the interactional length of heat accumulating on every side.On abscissa, marked the length L that stretches the port of export (the second end) that passes thermal energy storage and L2 place, reclaimer in-position from the arrival end (first end) of position L1.Marked the temperature T of heat accumulating at ordinate.

In Fig. 6, respectively fill carry step be labeled with around sequence number " 1 ", " 2 ", " 3 ", " 4 ", " 5 " and " 6 ".Wherein, step number has reflected step order.In the original state execution in step 1 of thermal energy storage and reclaimer, wherein all heat accumulatings are in initial low temperature.According to the embodiments described herein, this initial temperature is 20 ℃.In addition, in this embodiment, the temperature that enters the heat transfer medium of thermal energy storage and reclaimer at its first end L1 is 500 ℃.Be noted that these temperature are exemplary, and certainly can also adopt other temperature to operate thermal energy storage and reclaimer.

In three steps " 1 " that at first illustrate, " 2 " and " 3 ", fill a year heat transfer medium and lose its whole heat energy, temperature drops to 20 ℃ from 500 ℃, until the thermal energy storage apparatus outlet temperature begins from 20 ℃ of initial temperatures towards 500 ℃ of risings in step " 4 ", this is because thermal energy storage and the reclaimer saturated fact of heat energy more and more.Among the embodiment that describes, will occur soon afterwards fully hot saturated in step " 6 " here.

As seen from Figure 6, the most effectively fill that to carry a zone be the regional R that can utilize whole temperature difference.At this regional R, the inlet temperature of this regional R is approximate at least, and to be fed to the temperature (being 500 ℃) of the heat transfer medium of thermal energy storage and reclaimer here identical with the arrival end at position L1.In addition, it is identical from the temperature (being 20 ℃ here) of the heat transfer medium of thermal energy storage and reclaimer release to leave the outlet temperature port of export approximate at least and at position L2 of heat transfer medium of this regional R.

Can illustrate that from Fig. 6 thermal energy storage and reclaimer can increase the most effective size of carrying regional R of filling along the long physical length in the thermal interaction zone of heat transfer medium transmission direction.

It is to be noted that as long as thermal energy storage is in the dynamic corresponding state of the heat that represents with step " 3 " with reclaimer, this entrance and exit temperature of effectively filling year regional R is with regard to substantially constant.

When unloading, should avoid effectively filling a part of carrying regional R left side because the temperature here from shown in 500 ℃ drop to 20 ℃ of the temperature corresponding with environment temperature and/or offload fluid inlet temperature and need to carry out some heat energy and fill and carry again to reach fluid intake temperature (being 500 ℃) here.

In other words, along the long thermal interaction zone physical length of the transmission direction of the heat transfer medium that carries out thermal energy storage and recovery, so that carry out that filling of thermal energy storage and reclaimer carried and unloading and the zone that can not reach the heat energy saturated level of restriction thermal energy storage and/or energy recovery process efficiency increases.

Fig. 7 shows the staged temperature characterisitic along the pipe of heat exchanger apparatus, and wherein thermal energy storage and reclaimer comprise adiabatic each other different compartments.Be downloaded in each thermal energy storage and the reclaimer for heat energy is filled, hot fluid is fed to the arrival end that is arranged in Fig. 7 left side and the fluid that cools down in the port of export output that is positioned at Fig. 7 right side.As a result, more the keep left compartment of side of position will have than the position more by the higher temperature of compartment on Fig. 7 right side.Especially, the compartment that just in time is positioned at the left side input end will be taked for example 560 ℃ of temperature t 1(), and the compartment that just in time is positioned at the right side output will be taked for example 20 ℃ of lower temperature t 2().

Fig. 8 shows along the thermograde of the pipe of heat exchanger apparatus 810, and this heat exchanger apparatus 810 is centered on by heat accumulating 808.Mention that as above heat accumulating 808 can comprise any combination of for example sand, soil or spoir or these materials.By with the left end of hot fluid input heat exchanger device 810 and the fluid that cools down by the right-hand member output from heat exchanger apparatus 810, heat energy can be filled and carry thermal energy storage and the reclaimer 800 that forms to by heat exchanger apparatus 810 and heat accumulating on every side 808.Correspondingly, the right-hand member by cold fluid being input to heat exchanger apparatus 810 and by exporting heated fluid at the left end of heat exchanger apparatus 810 discharges heat energy from thermal energy storage and reclaimer 800.

Thermal energy storage and reclaimer 800 have such physical length, that is: so that when thermal energy storage and reclaimer 800 partly have been written into heat energy, occurred being positioned near the heat exchanger apparatus 810 thermal region 810a of left end place, wherein the temperature among the thermal region 810a at least approximately constant be for example 560 ℃.Correspondingly, have cool region 810c being positioned near heat exchanger apparatus 810 right-hand member places, wherein, the temperature among the cool region 810c at least approximately constant is for example 20 ℃.Be zone line 810b between regional 810a and 810c, have the sizable thermograde between the cold temperature of the hot temperature of thermal region 810a and cool region 810b in this zone.In the illustration that under thermal energy storage and reclaimer 800, provides this situation has been shown.

When thermal energy storage and reclaimer 800 are further filled heat-carrying can the time, comprise that the position of the zone line 810b of described thermograde is moved towards the right side.The temperature distribution history of gained has been shown at the illustration that is arranged in Fig. 8 lower-left side.

When from thermal energy storage and reclaimer 800 further unloading heat energy, comprise that the position of the zone line 810b of described thermograde is moved towards the left side.The temperature distribution history of gained has been shown at the illustration that is arranged in Fig. 8 lower right side.

According to different physical (for example fluid passes the flow velocity of heat-storage medium), thermograde can optimize present 10 to 20m or larger length on.

Thermal interaction zone between fluid and heat-storage medium 808 can have the length of 80m, but is preferably 500m to 1000m or larger.

Should be noted that term " comprises " does not get rid of other element or step, and the term " " of expression English indefinite article is not got rid of a plurality of.In addition, can contact the element that different embodiment describe in conjunction with those.Should also be noted that the Reference numeral in the claim should not be understood as that the scope that limits claim.

Reference numerals list:

100 thermal energy storage and reclaimer

102 outer covers/outer adiabatic wall

104 interior adiabatic walls

108 heat accumulatings

110 heat exchanger apparatus

112 first heat exchanging segments

The 112a first end

Another first end of 112b

114 second heat exchanging segments

114a the second end

Another second end of 114b

116 first linkage sections

The 116a valve

117 second linkage sections

The 117a valve

118 the 3rd linkage sections

The 118a valve

120 ground or basis

300 thermal energy storage and reclaimer

304 interior adiabatic walls

305 compartments

308 heat accumulatings

310 heat exchanger apparatus

311 another heat exchanger apparatus

The 312a arrival end

The 312b port of export

The 314a port of export

The 314b arrival end

The T temperature

400 thermal energy storage and reclaimer

410 heat exchanger apparatus

411 another heat exchanger apparatus

430 thermal energy storage and recovery system

470 heat generators

472 compressors

The 472a air intake

474 air turbines

474a air outlet slit (being used for air conditioning)

476 motors

477 common axises

490 heat loss devices

492 circulating pumps

494 steam turbines

496 power generators

498 partition heating facilities

The 498a water inlet

The 498b water out

500 thermal energy storage and reclaimer

530 thermal energy storage and recovery system

535 partition heating facility/thermal power stations

540 steam turbines

545 power generators

550 public electric wire nets

560 wind turbines

572 compressors

L length

The L1 heat transfer medium enters the arrival end of thermal energy storage and reclaimer

The port of export that the L2 heat transfer medium leaves from thermal energy storage and reclaimer

R has the zone of constant entrance and exit temperature

800 thermal energy storage and reclaimer

808 heat accumulatings

810 heat exchanger apparatus

The 810a thermal region

The 810b zone line

The 810c cool region.

Claims

1. a thermal energy storage and reclaimer comprise:

Heat exchanger apparatus (110,310,410,810), it is configured to flow be used to the heat transfer medium between second end (114a) of the first end (112a) of guiding described heat exchanger apparatus (110,310,410) and described heat exchanger apparatus (110,310,410,810)

Heat accumulating (108,808), it that is: forms the thermal interaction zone in order to described heat transfer medium and described heat accumulating (108,808) heat are coupled in the following manner around described heat exchanger apparatus (110,310,410,810), and

Control module is used for controlling the operation of described thermal energy storage and reclaimer,

Wherein, described heat exchanger apparatus (110,310,410,810) is suitable for:

If a) described thermal energy storage and reclaimer (100,300,400,500,800) are in the first operator scheme, then described heat transfer medium is transferred to described the second end (114a) from described first end (112a), in this first operator scheme, described heat accumulating (108,808) should receive heat energy from described heat transfer medium, and

B) if described thermal energy storage and reclaimer (100,300,400,500,800) are in the second operator scheme, then described heat transfer medium is transferred to described first end (112a) from described the second end (114a), in this second operator scheme, described heat accumulating (108,808) should discharge heat energy to described heat transfer medium, and

Wherein, described thermal interaction zone has at least along the following physical length of the transmission direction of described heat transfer medium, and control module is configured to operate in the following manner described thermal energy storage and reclaimer, that is: so that when in described thermal energy storage and reclaimer during during with hot heat transfer medium heat energy storage or with cold heat transfer agent recovery heat energy, have a zone (R), wherein the inlet temperature of the heat transfer medium of this zone (R) and outlet temperature keep constant.

2. according to the described thermal energy storage of last claim and reclaimer, wherein, the described zone (R) that the inlet temperature of heat transfer medium and outlet temperature are constant is longer than corresponding inlet temperature and inconstant other zone of outlet temperature of the heat transfer medium of described thermal energy storage and reclaimer.

3. according to the described thermal energy storage of one of aforementioned claim and reclaimer, wherein, the physical length in described thermal interaction zone is at least 80m, is preferably at least 500m, especially at least 1000m.

4. according to the described thermal energy storage of one of aforementioned claim and reclaimer, wherein, described heat exchanger apparatus (110) comprising:

The first heat exchanging segment (112) that is associated with described first end (112a),

The second heat exchanging segment (114) that is associated with described the second end (114a),

The first linkage section (116) that connects described the first heat exchanging segment (112) and described the second heat exchanging segment (114), and

Be parallel to the second linkage section (117,118) that described the first linkage section connects described the first heat exchanging segment (112) and described the second heat exchanging segment (114) (116),

Wherein, at least one in the described linkage section (116,117,118) comprises valve (116a, 117a, 118a), is used for control by the heat transfer medium stream of corresponding linkage section (116,117,118).

5. according to the described thermal energy storage of one of aforementioned claim and reclaimer, further comprise adiabatic apparatus (102,104), it is used for:

A) make whole thermal energy storage and reclaimer (100,300,400,500) and its extraneous adiabatic, and/or

B) make the different compartments (305) of described thermal energy storage and reclaimer (100,300,400,500) adiabatic mutually.

6. according to the described thermal energy storage of last claim and reclaimer, wherein,

Dispose in the following manner described compartment (305), that is: make it possible to realize the control of staged thermograde along described thermal interaction zone, thereby so that the temperature of the temperature constant in each compartment and different compartments (305) is different.

7. according to the described thermal energy storage of one of aforementioned claim and reclaimer, wherein,

Described heat accumulating (108,808) comprises solid material, for example is sand, soil, ashes, stone and/or gravel especially.

8. according to the described thermal energy storage of one of aforementioned claim and reclaimer, wherein,

Described first end (112a) comprises single the first opening, and

Described the second end (114a) comprises single the second opening,

Wherein,

In described the first operator scheme, described the first opening be used for to receive hot fluid, and described the second opening is used for discharging cold fluid, and this cold fluid represents the hot fluid that cools down, and

In described the second operator scheme, described the second opening is used for receiving cold fluid, and described the first opening is used for discharging hot fluid, and this hot fluid represents heated cold fluid.

9. according to the described thermal energy storage of one of aforementioned claim and reclaimer, further comprise:

Another heat exchanger apparatus (311,411), it is configured to be used to another heat transfer medium stream between another second end (114b) of another first end (112b) of guiding described another heat exchanger apparatus (311,411) and described another heat exchanger apparatus (311,411), and

Another heat accumulating, it is in the following manner around described another heat exchanger apparatus (311,411), that is: so that form another thermal interaction zone, so that described another heat transfer medium and described another heat accumulating heat are coupled,

Wherein, described another heat exchanger apparatus (311,411) is suitable for:

If a) described thermal energy storage and reclaimer (100,300,400,500) are in another the first operator scheme, then described another heat transfer medium is transferred to described another second end (114b) from described another first end (112b), in this another the first operator scheme, described another heat accumulating should receive heat energy from described another heat transfer medium, and

B) if described thermal energy storage and reclaimer (100,300,400,500) are in another the second operator scheme, then described another heat transfer medium is transferred to described another first end (112b) from described another second end (114b), in this another the second operator scheme, described another heat accumulating should discharge heat energy to described another heat transfer medium, and

Wherein, described another thermal interaction zone has at least along following another physical length of another transmission direction of described another heat transfer medium, and described control module is further configured as operating in the following manner described thermal energy storage and reclaimer, that is: so that at described thermal energy storage and reclaimer (100,300,400,500) work as in and be used in described another heat exchanger apparatus (311, maybe ought be used in described another heat exchanger apparatus (311 during the hot heat transfer medium heat energy storage that is guided 411), when being guided cold heat transfer agent recovery heat energy 411), there is another zone, it is constant that the described inlet temperature of the described heat transfer medium in this another zone and outlet temperature keep, wherein, this another zone is longer than the corresponding inlet temperature of the heat transfer medium of described thermal energy storage and reclaimer and inconstant other the other zone of outlet temperature.

10. according to the described thermal energy storage of last claim and reclaimer, wherein,

Described heat exchanger apparatus (110,310,410) and described another heat exchanger apparatus (311,411) have formed the contra-flow heat exchanger system,

Wherein said another heat transfer medium and described heat transfer medium can transmit simultaneously, and

Wherein said another heat transfer medium is to transmit along the rightabout with respect to described heat transfer medium.

11. a thermal energy storage and recovery system comprise:

According to the described thermal energy storage of one of aforementioned claim and reclaimer (400),

Heat generator (470), it is connected 400 with described thermal energy storage with reclaimer) directly or indirectly be connected and be suitable for heating from described thermal energy storage and reclaimer (400) heat transfer medium that received and that should be transferred to described thermal energy storage and reclaimer (400), and

Heat loss device (490), it is connected 400 with described thermal energy storage with reclaimer) directly or indirectly be connected and be suitable for from being received heat energy by the heat transfer medium of described thermal energy storage and reclaimer (400) heating.

12. according to the described thermal energy storage of last claim and recovery system, wherein,

Described heat generator (470) comprising:

Compressor (472) is used for presenting the hot heat transfer medium of compression to described thermal energy storage and reclaimer (400), and

Turbine (474) is used for receiving the heat transfer medium that cools down from described thermal energy storage and reclaimer (400).

13. according to the described thermal energy storage of last claim and recovery system, wherein,

Described heat generator (470) further comprises:

Drive the motor (476) of described compressor (472), wherein, described turbine and described motor (476) mechanical connection.

14. according to the described thermal energy storage of last claim and recovery system, wherein,

Described heat loss device (490) comprising:

Steam turbine (494), it receives hot heat transfer medium from described thermal energy storage and reclaimer (400) in the second mode of operation.

15. according to the described thermal energy storage of last claim and recovery system, wherein,

Described heat loss device (490) further comprises:

Circulating pump (492) is used for presenting cold heat transfer medium to described thermal energy storage and reclaimer (400).

16. according to the described thermal energy storage of aforementioned claim and recovery system, wherein,

Described heat loss device (490) further comprises:

Partition heating facility (498), it receives heat transfer medium from described steam turbine (494), and provides heat transfer medium to circulating pump (492).

17. method that stores and reclaim heat energy, the method has been utilized has heat exchanger apparatus (110,310,410,810) and thermal energy storage and the reclaimer of heat accumulating (108), this heat exchanger apparatus (110,310,410,810) comprise first end (112a) and the second end (114a), this heat accumulating (108) is in the following manner around described heat exchanger apparatus (110,310,410,810), that is: so that form the thermal interaction zone, with will be at described heat exchanger apparatus (110,310,410,810) heat transfer medium that is guided in and described heat accumulating (108,808) heat couples, and described method comprises:

If described thermal energy storage and reclaimer (100,300,400,500,800) are in the first operator scheme, then described heat transfer medium is transferred to described the second end (114a) from described first end (112a), in this first operator scheme, described heat accumulating (108,808) receives heat energy from described heat transfer medium, and

If described thermal energy storage and reclaimer (100,300,400,500,800) are in the second operator scheme, then described heat transfer medium is transferred to described first end (112a) from described the second end (114a), in this second operator scheme, described heat accumulating (108,808) discharges heat energy to described heat transfer medium, and

Wherein, operate in the following manner described thermal energy storage and reclaimer, and described thermal interaction zone has at least along the following physical length of the transmission direction of described heat transfer medium, that is: so that when in described thermal energy storage and reclaimer during during with hot heat transfer medium heat energy storage or with cold heat transfer agent recovery heat energy, have a zone (R), wherein the inlet temperature of the heat transfer medium of this zone (R) and outlet temperature keep substantially constant.