CN102983015B - Comprise BN/TiB 2the contact material of diphase ceramic material, the purposes of contact material and the circuit breaker containing this contact material - Google Patents
Comprise BN/TiB 2the contact material of diphase ceramic material, the purposes of contact material and the circuit breaker containing this contact material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102983015B CN102983015B CN201110261653.1A CN201110261653A CN102983015B CN 102983015 B CN102983015 B CN 102983015B CN 201110261653 A CN201110261653 A CN 201110261653A CN 102983015 B CN102983015 B CN 102983015B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the contact that a kind of new contact material and this contact material are made, wherein said contact material comprises BN/TiB
2complex phase ceramic.The invention still further relates to and comprise BN/TiB
2pottery in circuit breaker as the purposes of contact, particularly as the purposes of the resistance in contact, and relate to a kind of circuit breaker, this circuit breaker comprises and uses this pottery as the contact of contact material.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to the contact that a kind of new contact material and this contact material are made, wherein said contact material comprises BN/TiB
2complex phase ceramic.The invention still further relates to and comprise BN/TiB
2pottery in circuit breaker as the purposes of contact, particularly as the purposes of the resistance in contact, and relate to a kind of circuit breaker, this circuit breaker comprises and uses this pottery as the contact of contact material.
Background technology
Circuit breaker is the electrical equipment of control and protection in electric power system.Such as, in order under the condition of high voltage as 24kV, disjunction big current, as 20kA, needs to design the special device with particular surroundings, medium voltage breaker (as M24+ or FP61) or primary cut-out.
In circuit breaker, electric current disconnection is mainly realized by mechanical system and particular surroundings around thereof.Mechanical system makes contact of breaker move enough distances in opposite directions with enough speed thus cuts off electric current.Around particular surroundings is for improving and guaranteeing the separation between contact.Circuit breaker, according to the difference of arc extinguishing environment, is mainly divided into five types:
1.SF
6circuit breaker: as modal breaker type, wherein use SF
6as arc extinguishing environment, and cut off electric current by mechanical system.This switch disconnector can manufacture very small-sized, and uses also very economical (such as, for the voltage of 24kV, size is less than 375mm).But, SF
6as greenhouse gas, limited the use of, will be progressively replaced from now on.
2. air circuit: this is the circuit breaker of another kind of common type, uses air as failure of current environment.Its shortcoming is that size is too large, and such as switch is greater than 600mm (for 24kV) usually.
3. vacuum circuit-breaker: use vacuum as arc extinguishing environment.But such cost is higher (such as than SF
6the cost of circuit breaker is high by 30%).
4. use other special gas as N
2or CO
2as the circuit breaker of failure of current environment.SF can be reduced like this
6consumption, thus reduce greenhouse effect.But this technology is also immature at present, does not almost have practical application.In addition, the impossible disjunction big current of this technology is used, as no-load current (default current).
5. oil circuit breaker: in application in early days, oil is widely used as failure of current environment.But seldom use this technology at present, because danger is too high.
Along with development in science and technology and to reasons such as the pay attention to day by days of environmental problem, the demand of circuit breaker also to be upgraded day by day and stricter, such as, wish in circuit breaker not containing environmentally harmful SF
6and there is high power factor etc.
Although carried out a large amount of R and D work for disjunction itself so far, but seldom there is research to relate to and use resistance for reducing the electric current before disjunction in the contact of circuit breaker, and relating to as this ohmic suitable contact material without any research, and more not corresponding (industry) application at present.
For the resistance material for the contact in circuit breaker in this solution, even not relevant research.Only in similar application, someone proposes and uses clay ceramic material to impact by short time current the large energy brought for absorbing as resistance.Patents can see CN 2802666 (" plate shape pottery carbon noninductive resistor ").
But this pottery is very limited in use due to heat absorptivity difference.Therefore, the solution of the feasible material for breaking circuit breaker chamber interior height electric current is not still found in prior art.
In addition, in circuit breaker, in order to reduce big current and arc extinguishing, usually can use water, cement or clay pottery (as clay/carbon black pottery), but there is following many deficiencies in these materials:
1. these schemes do not pay close attention to switch itself, and just design the resistor of switch disconnector outside.
2. the use of these materials substantially increases the volume of external resistor.
3. these materials can not bear very high temperature, or its resistivity acute variation can occur along with the change of temperature, and such as, the short-term operation temperature of above-mentioned clay pottery can not more than 250 DEG C, and Long-term service temperature can not more than 200 DEG C.
4. long-term work can cause the problem of oxidation of these materials, and brings irreversible negative effect to resistivity, the change of such as resistivity, and this is all unacceptable in switch and circuit breaker.
Therefore, in order to meet the current requirement to environmental protection and solve the problem, in the urgent need to a kind of new resistance material, it can be used as wiper resistance at circuit breaker internal, and obtain a kind of circuit breaker thus.
Summary of the invention
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of for the contact material in circuit breaker, and wherein said contact material comprises BN/TiB
2complex phase ceramic.
In one embodiment, in described diphase ceramic material also containing being selected from following one or more: AlN, Si
3n
4, Ca, Co, Ni, Cr, W and Nb.
Described diphase ceramic material can be used as resistive material in circuit breaker.
At this BN/TiB
2in diphase ceramic material, BN and TiB
2content sum can be more than at least 90 % by weight of whole pottery, preferably more than at least 95 % by weight, more preferably more than at least 98 % by weight.In another embodiment, at BN/TiB
2in diphase ceramic material, with BN and TiB
2content meter, TiB
2be 40 ~ 55 % by weight, BN be 45 ~ 60 % by weight.Preferred TiB
2be 49 ~ 50 % by weight, BN be 50 ~ 51 % by weight, with BN and TiB
2content meter.
In yet another embodiment, the thermal coefficient of expansion of above-mentioned pottery can be 5 × 10
-6/ K ~ 8 × 10
-6/ K.
In another embodiment, described in this, the thermal conductivity of pottery is 40 ~ 150W/ (mK), and preferably 50 ~ 120W/ (mK), described thermal conductivity records at 20 DEG C.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of for the contact in circuit breaker, and this contact comprises contact material as above, such as, as resistive portion, and optional current-carrying part.
A third aspect of the present invention provides and comprises BN/TiB
2diphase ceramic material in circuit breaker as the purposes of contact.
In an embodiment of this purposes, described pottery is used as resistive portion in the contact of circuit breaker.
In one embodiment, described BN/TiB
2bN and TiB in diphase ceramic material
2content sum is more than at least 90 % by weight of whole pottery, preferably more than at least 95 % by weight, more preferably more than at least 98 % by weight.
Further, in one embodiment, at BN/TiB
2in diphase ceramic material, TiB
2be 40 ~ 55 % by weight, BN be 45 ~ 60 % by weight; Preferred TiB
2be 49 ~ 50 % by weight, BN be 50 ~ 51 % by weight, all with BN and TiB
2content meter.
In yet another embodiment, the thermal coefficient of expansion of this pottery is 5 × 10
-6/ K ~ 8 × 10
-6/ K.
In still another embodiment, the thermal conductivity of described pottery is 40 ~ 150W/ (mK), and preferably 50 ~ 120W/ (mK), described thermal conductivity records at 20 DEG C.
In an embodiment again of this purposes, also containing being selected from following one or more in this pottery: AlN, Si
3n
4, Ca, Co, Ni, Cr, W and Nb.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a kind of circuit breaker, and this circuit breaker comprises and can divide contact, and the wherein said contact that divides comprises contact material as above as active component.
In an embodiment of this circuit breaker, described circuit breaker also comprises galvanic circle, arc-control device, optional operating mechanism.
In an embodiment of this circuit breaker, this can divide in contact and also comprise current-carrying part.
In another embodiment of this circuit breaker, this can divide contact to be fixed contact or moving contact.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the experimental rig photo of heavy current impact experiment;
Fig. 2: the BN/TiB used in the present invention
2the microphoto of wiper resistance before and after heavy current impact experiment that complex phase ceramic is made.
Embodiment
The present invention have been surprisingly found that BN/TiB
2complex phase ceramic, when being used for the contact of circuit breaker as contact material, can meet the demand proposed at the first bruss herein.
A first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of contact material used in circuit breaker, and wherein said contact material comprises BN/TiB
2complex phase ceramic.
What use in the present invention " comprises BN/TiB
2pottery " and " BN/TiB
2complex phase ceramic " etc. term synonym use, refer to by BN, TiB
2as main component, preferably higher than the BN/TiB of 90% weight
2the pottery of sintering, can also contain a small amount of composition or the impurity of other regulatory functions in this pottery.As BN and TiB of main component in final pottery
2, more than at least 90 % by weight of the preferred whole pottery of its content sum, preferably more than at least 95 % by weight, more preferably more than 98 % by weight, such as 99 % by weight.In this article, as there not being special instruction, " % " all refers to weight ratio.
In addition, AlN can be added as the 3rd composition in pottery, the mechanical performance of pottery can be improved thus.Such as, but the total weight content of AlN preferably more than 5%, should not be no more than 4 % by weight, be no more than 3 % by weight more than 6%, be no more than 2 % by weight or be less than 1 % by weight.Now can obtain better mechanical performance (" TiB
2the fabrication & properties research of-AlN complex phase ceramic ", Wang Bin, master thesis, Wuhan University of Technology).
In order to meet the further needs of the sintering performance such as quality and oxidation susceptibility, meeting under the above-mentioned prerequisite to Contents of Main Components requirement, also in preparation process, in some potteries, add appropriate Si
3n
4, Co, Ca, Ni, Cr, W and/or Nb.
In a preferred embodiment, this contact material is except using BN/TiB
2outside complex phase ceramic composition, also optionally containing other composition, such as, be selected from one or more following compositions: AlN, Si
3n
4, Co, Ca, Ni, Cr, W and Nb.Preferably, this ceramic material contains AlN, can strengthen BN/TiB thus
2the sintering character of complex phase ceramic.Si is added in ceramic material
3n
4also the corrosion resistance of this pottery can be improved.
Applicant also finds, to BN/TiB in preparation process
2si is added in pottery
3n
4or AlN, the non-oxidizability of this complex phase ceramic can also be improved.
In addition, as known to those skilled in the art, the sintering character that the metallic elements such as Co, Ca, Ni, Cr, W, Nb can improve pottery is added.Preferably, the metal of interpolation should more than 6% weight, otherwise too many metal ingredient can produce problem of phase separation, and can affect the stability of pottery.
Described BN/TiB
2complex phase ceramic is used for using, in particular as the active component in contact as contact material in circuit breaker.For the contact material being used as active component in circuit breaker, require when there being big current by this circuit breaker, this big current can drop quickly in the current range of expectation at short notice, thus prevents electric arc from producing.
Applicant has been found that TiB
2the TiB that/BN complex phase ceramic wherein can be contained by regulating and controlling
2with the weight ratio (or volume ratio) of BN, thus control this BN/TiB
2complex phase ceramic obtains having required resistance (rate), can obtain the resistance (rate) with required scope thus, thus be suitable as contact material, especially in circuit breaker.Particularly, TiB
2the resistance (rate) of the complex phase ceramic formed with BN is along with TiB
2there is a critical value range in the change of (phase) content.Near this critical value, there is marked change in the resistance (rate) of complex phase ceramic.Along with TiB
2the increase of content is higher than this critical value, and the resistance (rate) of complex phase ceramic obviously reduces.Present inventor make use of this characteristic especially, by regulating TiB
2with BN ratio (weight or volume), the resistance (rate) controlling this complex phase ceramic, in required scope, keeps the thermal conductance that this complex phase ceramic is good simultaneously.Resistivity as the ceramic material of contact material of the present invention according to the change of composition concrete in complex phase ceramic, can change in the scope of several m ohm cm to hundreds of ohmcm, and the resistivity needed for obtaining.In addition, the resistance (rate) of contact material of the present invention also can be subject to the impact of the aspects such as material purity, pretreating process, sintering process and granular size, but those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the diphase ceramic material that so can obtain having required resistance (rate) and thermal conductance scope according to prior art.
Resistivity is used to the physical quantity representing resistance characteristic.In this article, resistance (rate) represents resistance and/or resistivity.When description has the resistance element of same shape and size, resistance is corresponding with resistivity.
Corresponding to different circuit breaker design, usually also correspondingly different to the requirement of the resistivity of contact material.In the art, according to the concrete needs such as required resistance sizes and circuit breaker design, can use and well known to a person skilled in the art that ceramic material is made various sizes and shape by means, there is required resistivity.Such as, for plug in circuit breaker, require that the resistivity of diphase ceramic material is usually in the scope of 1m Ω cm ~ 500 Ω cm, preferred 5m Ω cm to 200 Ω cm, wherein more preferably 10m Ω cm ~ 150 Ω cm, such as 50m Ω cm ~ 100 Ω cm, more preferred 250m Ω cm ~ 150 Ω cm.Such as medium-pressure or high pressure circuit breaker, as in the circuit breaker that uses under the voltage of 10,000V to 50,000V, wish that the resistance of this complex phase ceramic is within the scope of 1-100 Ω, preferably at 10-80 Ω, more preferably within the scope of 10-50 Ω.As this BN/TiB
2when the resistance of complex phase ceramic is lower than described scope, do not have the effect that resistance material should have; And when resistance is higher than required scope, then usually there will be " hard open circuit ", circuit breaker self is had a negative impact.Usually, the selection of contact (material) resistance range, the embody rule scope according to circuit breaker can be determined by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Thus, this BN/TiB
2diphase ceramic material can be used in circuit breaker, as a part for contact, plays resistance, when unexpected big current passes through, reduces electric current in short-term, rapidly, tolerance thermal shock now.Meanwhile, wish that this contact is after open circuit, again can close and close circuit breaker, repeatedly recycle.
In order to meet the requirement of above-mentioned rapid reduction electric current, this diphase ceramic material requires to have large resistance.Resistivity as this complex phase ceramic of resistance use can be set as 1m Ω cm to 500 Ω cm, more preferably 1m Ω cm to 300 Ω cm, 5m Ω cm to 200 Ω cm, preferred 300m Ω cm to 150 Ω cm, preferred 400m Ω cm to 100 Ω cm, such as 400m Ω cm to 80 Ω cm again.
This diphase ceramic material is heat-resisting, the high temperature up to 1800 DEG C when can bear circuit breaker open circuit.This diphase ceramic material can reduce temperature rapidly in this temperature, when reusing, still has high heat-resisting ability to bear, and stable chemical electrical properties.
Preferably, require that being used for complex phase ceramic of the present invention does not burst because change in size is too fast when being subject to thermal shock, if deformed, wish that change in size is very little, the contact of other elements of circuit breaker adjacent thereto can not be had influence on due to material deformation, can also keep the integrality of whole breaker circuit, can workability.For this purpose, diphase ceramic material of the present invention needs to have certain thermal expansivity.Such as, the BN/TiB used in the present invention
2the thermal coefficient of expansion of complex phase ceramic is 5 × 10
-6/ K ~ 8 × 10
-6/ K (this numerical value measures at 20 DEG C ~ 1600 DEG C).
In addition, as circuit breaker (comprising contact), operationally have big current and flow through, this can cause the temperature of circuit breaker (comprising contact) to rise rapidly at short notice.In order to prevent the local temperature of material to rise any adverse effect of too fast generation, wish that the diphase ceramic material used as contact needs to have suitable thermal conductivity.Preferably, the BN/TiB used in the present invention
2the thermal conductivity of complex phase ceramic can be 40 ~ 150W/ (mK) (20 DEG C), preferably 50 ~ 120W/ (mK) (20 DEG C).Or, the BN/TiB used in the present invention
2the thermal conductivity of complex phase ceramic can be 30 to 50W/ (mK) (1200 DEG C).
For the contact in circuit breaker except use complex phase ceramic contact material, also comprise current-carrying part.Current-carrying part can be such as metal connector, all presses metal sleeve, insulation protection.
On the other hand, the invention provides and comprise BN/TiB
2pottery in circuit breaker as the purposes of contact.Preferably, this comprises BN/TiB
2pottery in circuit breaker, be used as in contact active component.
In a preferred embodiment, BN/TiB is comprised described in
2complex phase ceramic be used as breaking resistor.When being used as breaking resistor, breaking current can be reduced to such as lower than 1.5kA by pottery of the present invention as required, is preferably reduced to lower than 1.0kA, is more preferably reduced to lower than 0.7kA, particularly when voltage is 10kV to 50kV, as at voltage be 10kV to 50kV circuit breaker in.
In the case, the resistivity of described pottery can be, such as, 1m Ω cm to 500 Ω cm, preferably higher than 1.6m Ω cm, more preferably 10 Ω cm to 160 Ω cm.
When being used as contact material, the thermal conductivity of described pottery can be 110/35 to 120/40W/ (mK) (20 DEG C/1200 DEG C).
In order to regulate the mechanical performance of this pottery, sintering character and/or oxidation susceptibility, this complex phase ceramic can also contain AlN, Si
3n
4, Co, Ni, Ca, Cr, W and/or Nb.
More on the one hand in, the invention provides a kind of circuit breaker, this circuit breaker comprises and can divide contact, wherein saidly divides contact to comprise above-mentioned any one to comprise BN/TiB
2the contact material of pottery, be particularly useful as resistance.What is called can divide contact to be the executive component making circuit ON or disjunction.Obviously, can divide in contact and can also comprise current-carrying part.
Described circuit breaker can also comprise the structures such as galvanic circle, arc-control device and optional operating mechanism.Specifically, galvanic circle is used for loaded current, and arc-control device is then used to rapidly, reliably extinguish arcs, and circuit is finally disconnected.Point resultant motion of contact is by operating mechanism work done and drive through transmission mechanism transmitting force, and the mode of operation of operating mechanism can be divided into manual, electronic, pneumatic and hydraulic pressure etc.In some cases, the operating mechanism of circuit breaker can not included in the body of circuit breaker, but provides to circuit breaker as independently product.In a preferred embodiment, contact can be divided to comprise fixed contact and moving contact.Described contact comprises active component and current-carrying part.Specifically, this can divide the active component of hoe can adopt BN/TiB of the present invention
2diphase ceramic material.According to concrete design needs, BN/TiB in this diphase ceramic material can be selected
2proper ratio, thus realize needed for resistance value.
BN/TiB provided by the invention
2complex phase ceramic has good mechanical performance as contact, such as enough hardness, toughness, resistance to wear and resistance to tearing etc., and resistivity controllability is good, meets the properties such as high temperature resistant and stable chemical property.Further, this contact thermal capacitance is high, can bear the high temperature that heavy current impact causes, and meets the requirement of disjunction big current thus.
Therefore, in one embodiment, contact of the present invention can work at up to the temperature of 1700 DEG C and not burst.In a preferred embodiment, contact of the present invention can work at up to the temperature of 1600 DEG C and not burst.
Especially, this BN/TiB of the present invention's use
2the heat absorption of pottery contact is high, can bear the high temperature that heavy current impact causes; Can big current be reduced before disjunction, and make electric current disjunction be more prone to carry out thus.This is because can make like this to need the electric current of disjunction less, correspondingly, required arc extinguishing bar will reduce greatly, such as known by simple calculating, for in the practical application of 24KV, 20KA, if seal in resistance to reach 20 more than Ω, breaking current can be reduced to lower than 1KA.Therefore less SF can be used
6, thus also reduce the adverse effect to greenhouse effect.
Therefore, contact of the present invention can be suitable for rated voltage is in the circuit breaker of 10kV to 50kV.
TiB of the present invention
2/ BN complex phase ceramic also has outstanding mechanical performance, is easy to cut, and convenient on a large scale its resistivity of regulation and control, and this pottery also has the stable chemical property under high temperature.
This BN/TiB
2complex phase ceramic can be prepared by following steps:
A () is first by BN and TiB
2powder mixes;
B () sinters after mixed-powder briquet, sintering temperature is not less than 1500 DEG C;
C () sinters described block by hot-pressing sintering method, thus obtain pottery;
D described ceramic machinery is processed into the resistance of final utilization by ().
Final ceramic product should have uniform resistivity and microstructure.
Use TiB provided by the invention
2the circuit breaker of/BN complex phase ceramic contact material can realize disjunction big current in a new manner, and has following advantage:
1. provide the possible scheme lowering breaking current;
2. reduce SF
6use;
3. improve power factor (power factor);
4. for Dewar bottle and clay pottery, cost reduces.
The present invention employs specific material in the inside of circuit breaker, i.e. BN/TiB
2pottery, as contact or its a part as resistive portion, due to the electrical resistance property of this contact (material) and the advantage such as heat-sinking capacity is large, can reduce big current rapidly in very short time thus before circuit breaker disjunction and absorb a large amount of energy, and temperature can not acutely rise and cause pottery to burst.
This circuit breaker also can recover normal work immediately and energy Long-Time Service after circuit recovers, because the complex phase ceramic used can recover its former thermal conductivity and resistive.
According to contact of breaker of the present invention, also there is outstanding dimensional stability, even if during temperature generation acute variation, change in size is very little, thus not easily comes off from circuit breaker or damage whole circuit breaker, also would not have influence on the aspect performances such as the electricity of whole device.
The ceramic material used in contact of the present invention can not discharge the harmful gas of environmental pollution when being heated, be a kind of environment friendly material.
In addition, the circuit breaker with the contact be made up of described contact material provided by the invention can reduce the SF using or even avoid in use regular circuit breakers
6environment.
Thisly comprise BN/TiB
2complex phase ceramic contact material be particularly suitable in medium-pressure or high pressure circuit breaker.In addition, this ceramic material that the present invention uses can also be applied to energy transition equipment as in wind energy and solar energy energy supply.
Embodiment
The preparation of embodiment 1 contact material of the present invention
BN/TiB is prepared according to said method
2diphase ceramic material.Concrete preparation process can be as follows:
By titanium diboride (4.52g/cm
3) and boron nitride (2.27g/cm
3) powder Homogeneous phase mixing after make elementary briquetting through isostatic pressed, its density is not less than 90%, adopts hot-pressing sintering technique afterwards, and sintering temperature is not less than 1500 DEG C, and sintering pressure is not less than 30Mpa.Obtain density at 2.75 ~ 3g/cm
3ceramic body.
Based on said method, prepare different TiB respectively according to following proportioning
2/ NB complex phase ceramic:
Table 1: fire complex phase ceramic sample 1-3 of the present invention according to different ratios of raw materials
| TiB 2(% by weight) * | BN (% by weight) * | Other compositions | |
| Sample 1 | About 51% | About 49% | AlN＜1％ |
| Sample 2 | About 50% | About 50% | AlN＜1％ |
| Sample 3 | About 49.5% | About 50.5% | AlN＜1％ |
*wherein TiB
2or % by weight of BN is relative to TiB
2with the percentage by weight of BN summation.
Detect the resistance (rate) of above-mentioned sample in addition, result is as shown in table 2:
Table 2: the corresponding resistor rate of sample 1-3 and resistance
| Resistivity (Ω cm) | Resistance | |
| Sample 1 | 500～600·10 -6 | 2mΩ |
| Sample 2 | 1～10 | 1Ω |
| Sample 3 | About 160 | 22Ω |
In addition, also to above-mentioned obtained various TiB
2other performances of/BN diphase ceramic material detect.Test shows, the thermal capacity of above-mentioned pottery is usually all in 0.55 ~ 0.75J/gk (room temperature) scope, and thermal conductivity is not less than 50W/ (mK) usually.Density is all greater than 2.5g/cm
3.The concrete measurement data of sample 1 has been shown in following table 3:
Table 3: other performances of measured sample 1
| Sample 1 | TiB 2/BN |
| Density g/cm 3 | 2.9 |
| Room temperature thermal coefficient of expansion 10 -6/K | 6.0±1.0 |
| Room temperature thermal conductivity (W/ (mK)) | ＞50 |
| Room temperature thermal capacitance (J/gK) | 0.68 |
According to the specific requirement to resistance, can process the shape and size of this pottery, to meet the specification requirement of concrete circuit breaker design.In the present embodiment, above-mentioned Machining of Ceramics is become to have the resistance block of certain length, width and height, in the experiment of follow-up heavy current impact, and compare with cylindrical clay/carbon black ceramic material.
Embodiment 2 contact material of the present invention and clay/carbon black ceramic material comparing in heavy current impact is tested
1. contact material of the present invention
Field experiment is done Schneider Electric Devices Kingsoft experiment station (report number: TB032010003a), temperature measurement adopts contact thermocouple and data acquisition system, frequency acquisition is per second ten points, and resistance measurement is microhmmeter, and microexamination adopts optical analysis microscope.Experimental provision as shown in Figure 1.
The present embodiment employs the BN/TiB prepared in embodiment 1
2complex phase ceramic (sample 1) materials processing becomes bulk sample as the resistance in contact, and the weight of resistance is as shown in table 4.In table 4, what absorptive capacity represented is the systemic energy of wiper resistance sample unit volume after being subject to rush of current.(maximum) temperature rise represents that wiper resistance sample (maximum) temperature after being subject to rush of current increases.
Table 4: the absorptive capacity of the resistance made of contact material of the present invention in heavy current impact experiment during Implantation Energy and temperature rise situation
*prospective current refers to electric current during circuit zero load, is the electric current of expection, through the ohmic load of reality, can changes.This desired value is the important indicator of adjustment input current
In addition, this BN/TiB
2the change in resistance of ceramic material before and after great current impact test is substantially all less than 2%.
The BN/TiB used in the present invention has been shown in Fig. 2
2the microphoto of wiper resistance before and after heavy current impact experiment that complex phase ceramic is made.Before and after experiment, distribution of particles and granular size are all without significant change.In addition, according to diagram, after overtesting, sample resistivity has no significant change, and change in resistance is less than 2%, and its internal microstructure is also without significant change.Can clearly observe from this photo, even if the impact that the wiper resistance using the diphase ceramic material described in the present invention to make is subject to big current in internal microstructure does not also significantly change.This illustrates that resistance of the present invention is metastable under running conditions, can work in multiple times for a long time.This obviously greatly reduces the cost of these replacing components and parts.
As a comparison, also use clay/carbon black ceramic preparation to become for the resistance in contact in the present embodiment, and detect in heavy current impact, test result is shown in table 6, and test oracle electric current is wherein 10kA.
Table 6: the wiper resistance using clay/carbon black pottery to make in heavy current impact experiment continuously Implantation Energy time absorptive capacity and temperature rise situation
*after short circuit, Implantation Energy is non-linear is increased to very large value
The experimental result of more above-mentioned table 5 and table 6, all BN/TiB
2pottery all have passed this test, but clay/carbon black ceramic resistor under last rush of current by instantaneous breakdown, and temperature rises to 250 DEG C and destroyed instantaneously.Even and if the resistance made of ceramic material of the present invention 850 DEG C time also in normal work.In addition, BN/TiB of the present invention
2its absorptive capacity can more than 400J/cm under input big current condition continuously for the wiper resistance made of ceramic material
3, even convergence 1000J/cm
3, and the resistance that clay pottery is made obviously is less than material of the present invention, at 400J/cm
3time material be just destroyed.
In addition, also find that the behavior of resistance under heavy current impact that clay/carbon black is made not is that only can bear the temperature rise of maximum 250 DEG C, that is this resistance easily punctures and damages after being subject to heavy current impact very well.In addition, chemical property is also unstable, oxidizability problem can occur after long-term work.
Therefore, BN/TiB of the present invention
2complex phase ceramic is more suitable in medium/high voltage breaker compared with clay/carbon black materials.
The application of embodiment 3 contact material of the present invention in circuit breaker
Selected plug in circuit breaker in the present embodiment, and the insertion resistance that contact material of the present invention has been processed into some shapes suitable is used in contact.In order to obtain the suitable resistance being applicable to this circuit breaker, calculating according to 24kV line voltage, by regulating different insertion resistances, different drop-out currents can be obtained, as shown in table 7 below:
Table 7: plug in circuit breaker is inserting the circuit condition before and after wiper resistance of the present invention
According to upper table 7, consider the transition of conductor and resistance when cut-offfing, in order to prevent the generation of electric arc between conductor and resistance, resistance value preferable range is 20 Ω ~ 30 Ω, now can ensure that drop-out current is not higher than 1.3kA, and power factor is not less than 0.997.
Claims (18)
1., for the contact material in circuit breaker, wherein said contact material comprises BN/TiB
2diphase ceramic material, described BN/TiB
2bN and TiB in diphase ceramic material
2content sum is more than 90 % by weight of whole pottery.
2. contact material according to claim 1, wherein said BN/TiB
2bN and TiB in diphase ceramic material
2content sum is more than 95 % by weight of whole pottery.
3. contact material according to claim 2, wherein said BN/TiB
2bN and TiB in diphase ceramic material
2content sum is more than 98 % by weight of whole pottery.
4. contact material according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, with BN and TiB
2content meter, TiB
2be 40 ~ 55 % by weight, BN be 45 ~ 60 % by weight.
5. contact material according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, with BN and TiB
2content meter, TiB
2be 49 ~ 50 % by weight, BN be 50 ~ 51 % by weight.
6. contact material according to claim 1 and 2, also containing being selected from following one or more in wherein said diphase ceramic material: AlN, Si
3n
4, Ca, Co, Ni, Cr, W and Nb.
7. contact material according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said diphase ceramic material is used as resistive material in circuit breaker.
8. contact material according to claim 1 and 2, the thermal coefficient of expansion of wherein said diphase ceramic material is 5 × 10
-6/ K ~ 8 × 10
-6/ K.
9. contact material according to claim 1 and 2, the thermal conductivity of wherein said diphase ceramic material is 40 ~ 150W/ (mK), and described thermal conductivity records at 20 DEG C.
10. contact material according to claim 1 and 2, the thermal conductivity of wherein said diphase ceramic material is 50 ~ 120W/ (mK), and described thermal conductivity records at 20 DEG C.
11. 1 kinds, for the contact in circuit breaker, comprise contact material any one of claim 1-10 and are used as resistive portion and optional current-carrying part.
12. comprise BN/TiB
2diphase ceramic material in circuit breaker as the purposes of contact, wherein said BN/TiB
2bN and TiB in diphase ceramic material
2content sum is more than 90 % by weight of whole pottery.
13. purposes according to claim 12, wherein said diphase ceramic material is used as resistive portion in the contact of circuit breaker.
14. purposes according to claim 12, wherein said BN/TiB
2bN and TiB in diphase ceramic material
2content sum is more than 95 % by weight of whole pottery.
15. purposes according to claim 12, wherein said BN/TiB
2bN and TiB in diphase ceramic material
2content sum is more than 98 % by weight of whole pottery.
16. purposes according to claim 12, wherein, with BN and TiB
2content meter, TiB
2be 40 ~ 55 % by weight, BN be 45 ~ 60 % by weight.
17. purposes according to claim 12, wherein, with BN and TiB
2content meter, TiB
2be 49 ~ 50 % by weight, BN be 50 ~ 51 % by weight.
18. 1 kinds of circuit breakers, comprise and can divide contact, and the wherein said contact that divides comprises contact material any one of claim 1-10 as active component.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110261653.1A CN102983015B (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2011-09-06 | Comprise BN/TiB 2the contact material of diphase ceramic material, the purposes of contact material and the circuit breaker containing this contact material |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110261653.1A CN102983015B (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2011-09-06 | Comprise BN/TiB 2the contact material of diphase ceramic material, the purposes of contact material and the circuit breaker containing this contact material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102983015A CN102983015A (en) | 2013-03-20 |
| CN102983015B true CN102983015B (en) | 2015-09-30 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4369343A (en) * | 1979-11-26 | 1983-01-18 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Ignition distributor having electrodes with thermistor discharging portions |
| CN87105224A (en) * | 1986-08-07 | 1988-02-17 | 兰克西敦技术公司 | Method for making ceramic abrasive and material made by the method |
| US5589652A (en) * | 1993-03-18 | 1996-12-31 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Ceramic-particle-dispersed metallic member, manufacturing method of same and use of same |
| CN1358690A (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2002-07-17 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for prepairng TiB2-BN conductive composite material |
| CN1758953A (en) * | 2003-02-13 | 2006-04-12 | Itn纳诺瓦圣有限公司 | Multi-layer ceramic composite |
| CN101023504A (en) * | 2004-07-24 | 2007-08-22 | 艾米多杜科有限公司 | Arc splitter for an arcing chamber |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5266951A (en) * | 1975-11-29 | 1977-06-02 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Plated contacts |
| JPS5292364A (en) * | 1976-01-30 | 1977-08-03 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Composite contacts and method of manufacturing them |
| US20090217876A1 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2009-09-03 | Ceramic Technologies, Inc. | Coating System For A Ceramic Evaporator Boat |
-
2011
- 2011-09-06 CN CN201110261653.1A patent/CN102983015B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4369343A (en) * | 1979-11-26 | 1983-01-18 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Ignition distributor having electrodes with thermistor discharging portions |
| CN87105224A (en) * | 1986-08-07 | 1988-02-17 | 兰克西敦技术公司 | Method for making ceramic abrasive and material made by the method |
| US5589652A (en) * | 1993-03-18 | 1996-12-31 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Ceramic-particle-dispersed metallic member, manufacturing method of same and use of same |
| CN1358690A (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2002-07-17 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for prepairng TiB2-BN conductive composite material |
| CN1758953A (en) * | 2003-02-13 | 2006-04-12 | Itn纳诺瓦圣有限公司 | Multi-layer ceramic composite |
| CN101023504A (en) * | 2004-07-24 | 2007-08-22 | 艾米多杜科有限公司 | Arc splitter for an arcing chamber |
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|---|---|
| CN102983015A (en) | 2013-03-20 |
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