CN102983015A - Contact material comprising BN/TiB2 comprising multiphase ceramic materials and purpose thereof and breaker comprising the same - Google Patents
Contact material comprising BN/TiB2 comprising multiphase ceramic materials and purpose thereof and breaker comprising the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102983015A CN102983015A CN2011102616531A CN201110261653A CN102983015A CN 102983015 A CN102983015 A CN 102983015A CN 2011102616531 A CN2011102616531 A CN 2011102616531A CN 201110261653 A CN201110261653 A CN 201110261653A CN 102983015 A CN102983015 A CN 102983015A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel contact material and a contact made of the contact material. The contact material comprises BN/TiB2 comprising multiphase ceramics. The invention further relates to the purpose of the ceramics which comprise BN/TiB2 and serve as the contact in a breaker, in particular to the purpose of a resisitor when the ceramics serve as the contact, and relates to the breaker. The breaker comprises the contact using the ceramics as the contact material.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to the contact that a kind of new contact material and this contact material are made, wherein said contact material comprises BN/TiB
2Complex phase ceramic.The invention still further relates to and comprise BN/TiB
2Pottery in circuit breaker as the purposes of contact, particularly as the purposes of the resistance in the contact, and relate to a kind of circuit breaker, this circuit breaker comprises and uses this pottery as the contact of contact material.
Background technology
Circuit breaker is the electrical equipment that control and protection is used in the electric power system.For the large electric current of disjunction such as 20kA under the condition of high voltage such as 24kV, need to design the special device with particular surroundings, for example medium voltage breaker (such as M24+ or FP61) or primary cut-out.
In circuit breaker, it mainly is to realize by mechanical system and particular surroundings on every side thereof that electric current disconnects.Thereby mechanical system makes the mobile enough in opposite directions distances of contact of breaker cut off electric current with enough speed.Particular surroundings be used for to be improved and is guaranteed separation between the contact on every side.Circuit breaker mainly is divided into five types according to the difference of arc extinguishing environment:
1.SF
6Circuit breaker: as modal circuit breaker type, wherein use SF
6As the arc extinguishing environment, and by mechanical system cut-out electric current.This switch disconnector can manufacture very small-sized, and uses also very economical (for example, for the voltage of 24kV, size is less than 375mm).But, SF
6As greenhouse gas, limited the use of, will progressively be replaced from now on.
2. air circuit: this is the circuit breaker of another kind of common type, uses air as the failure of current environment.Its shortcoming is that size is too large, and for example switch is usually greater than 600mm (for 24kV).
3. vacuum circuit-breaker: use vacuum as the arc extinguishing environment.Yet such cost is higher (for example than SF
6The cost of circuit breaker is high by 30%).
4. use other special gas such as N
2Or CO
2Circuit breaker as the failure of current environment.Can reduce SF like this
6Consumption, thereby reduce greenhouse effect.But that is that all right at present is ripe for this technology, does not almost have practical application.In addition, use the impossible large electric current of disjunction of this technology, such as no-load current (default current).
5. oil circuit breaker: oil is widely used as the failure of current environment in the application in early days.But seldom used at present this technology, because danger is too high.
Along with development in science and technology and to the reasons such as pay attention to day by day of environmental problem, the demand of circuit breaker is also upgraded and stricter day by day, for example wish not contain in the circuit breaker environmentally harmful SF
6And has a high power factor etc.
Although carried out a large amount of R and D work for disjunction itself so far, but seldom there is research to relate to electric current before the contact that is used for circuit breaker with resistance reduces disjunction, and relate to as this ohmic suitable contact material without any research, and at present more not corresponding (industry) use.
For the resistance material of the contact that is used for circuit breaker in this solution, even there is not relevant research.Only in similarly using, the someone has proposed to use the clay ceramic material to impact the large energy that brings as resistance for absorbing by short time current.Patents can be referring to CN 2802666 (" plate shape pottery carbon noninductive resistor ").
Yet this pottery is very limited in use owing to heat absorptivity is poor.Therefore, still do not find the solution of the feasible material that is used for the high electric current of breaking circuit breaker chamber interior in the prior art.
In addition, in circuit breaker, in order to reduce large electric current and arc extinguishing, usually can make water, cement or clay pottery (such as clay/carbon black pottery), but there are following many deficiencies in these materials:
1. these schemes are not paid close attention to switch itself, and just design the resistor of switch disconnector outside.
2. the use of these materials has greatly increased the volume of external resistor.
3. these materials can not bear very high temperature, and perhaps its resistivity is along with acute variation can occur in the variation of temperature, and for example, the short-term operation temperature of above-mentioned clay pottery can not surpass 250 ℃, and the long-term work temperature can not be above 200 ℃.
4. the long-term work meeting causes the problem of oxidation of these materials, and resistivity is brought irreversible negative effect, for example variation of resistivity, and this all is unacceptable in switch and circuit breaker.
Therefore, in order to satisfy present requirement to environmental protection and to address the above problem, in the urgent need to a kind of new resistance material, it can be inner as contact resistance at circuit breaker, and obtain thus a kind of circuit breaker.
Summary of the invention
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of contact material for circuit breaker, and wherein said contact material comprises BN/TiB
2Complex phase ceramic.
In one embodiment, also contain in the described diphase ceramic material and be selected from following one or more: AlN, Si
3N
4, Ca, Co, Ni, Cr, W and Nb.
Described diphase ceramic material can be used as resistive material in circuit breaker.
At this BN/TiB
2In the diphase ceramic material, BN and TiB
2The content sum can be more than at least 90 % by weight for whole pottery, preferably more than at least 95 % by weight, more preferably more than at least 98 % by weight.In another embodiment, at BN/TiB
2In the diphase ceramic material, with BN and TiB
2Content meter, TiB
2Be 40～55 % by weight, BN is 45～60 % by weight.Preferred TiB
2Be 49～50 % by weight, BN is 50～51 % by weight, with BN and TiB
2Content meter.
In yet another embodiment, the thermal coefficient of expansion of above-mentioned pottery can be 5 * 10
-6/ K～8 * 10
-6/ K.
In another embodiment, the thermal conductivity of this described pottery is 40～150W/ (mK), preferred 50～120W/ (mK), and described thermal conductivity records under 20 ℃.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of contact for circuit breaker, and this contact comprises aforesaid contact material, for example as the resistive part, and optional current-carrying part.
A third aspect of the present invention provides and has comprised BN/TiB
2Diphase ceramic material in circuit breaker as the purposes of contact.
In an embodiment of this purposes, described pottery is used as the resistive part in the contact of circuit breaker.
In one embodiment, described BN/TiB
2BN and TiB in the diphase ceramic material
2The content sum is more than at least 90 % by weight of whole pottery, preferably more than at least 95 % by weight, more preferably more than at least 98 % by weight.
Further, in one embodiment, at BN/TiB
2In the diphase ceramic material, TiB
2Be 40～55 % by weight, BN is 45～60 % by weight; Preferred TiB
2Be 49～50 % by weight, BN is 50～51 % by weight, all with BN and TiB
2Content meter.
In yet another embodiment, this ceramic thermal coefficient of expansion is 5 * 10
-6/ K～8 * 10
-6/ K.
In an embodiment again, the thermal conductivity of described pottery is 40～150W/ (mK), preferred 50～120W/ (mK), and described thermal conductivity records under 20 ℃.
In an again embodiment of this purposes, also contain in this pottery and be selected from following one or more: AlN, Si
3N
4, Ca, Co, Ni, Cr, W and Nb.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a kind of circuit breaker, and this circuit breaker comprises can divide contact, and the wherein said contact that divides comprises that aforesaid contact material is as active component.
In an embodiment of this circuit breaker, described circuit breaker also comprises galvanic circle, arc-control device, optional operating mechanism.
In an embodiment of this circuit breaker, this can divide and also comprise current-carrying part in the contact.
In another embodiment of this circuit breaker, this can divide contact is fixed contact or moving contact.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the experimental rig photo of heavy current impact experiment;
Fig. 2: the BN/TiB that uses among the present invention
2The contact resistance that complex phase ceramic is made is before heavy current impact experiment and microphoto afterwards.
Embodiment
The present invention has unexpectedly found BN/TiB
2Complex phase ceramic can satisfy the demand that proposes at the first bruss at this paper when being used for the contact of circuit breaker as contact material.
A first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of contact material that uses in circuit breaker, wherein said contact material comprises BN/TiB
2Complex phase ceramic.
That uses in the present invention " comprises BN/TiB
2Pottery " and " BN/TiB
2Complex phase ceramic " etc. the term synonym use, refer to by BN, TiB
2As main component, preferably be higher than the BN/TiB of 90% weight
2The pottery that sintering forms can also contain a small amount of composition or the impurity of other regulatory functions in this pottery.BN and TiB as main component in the final pottery
2, more than at least 90 % by weight of the preferred whole pottery of its content sum, preferably more than at least 95 % by weight, more preferably more than 98 % by weight, 99 % by weight for example.In this article, as special instruction is not arranged, " % " all refers to weight ratio.
In addition, AlN can be added as the 3rd composition in the pottery, the mechanical performance of pottery can be improved thus.But the total weight content of AlN should not surpass 6%, preferably be no more than 5%, for example is no more than 4 % by weight, be no more than 3 % by weight, be no more than 2 % by weight or less than 1 % by weight.Can obtain better mechanical performance (" TiB this moment
2The preparation of-AlN complex phase ceramic and performance study ", Wang Bin, master thesis, Wuhan University of Technology).
In order to satisfy further needs of performance such as sintering quality and oxidation susceptibilities, satisfying under the above-mentioned prerequisite to the Contents of Main Components requirement, also in preparation process, in some potteries, add an amount of Si
3N
4, Co, Ca, Ni, Cr, W and/or Nb.
In a preferred embodiment, this contact material is except using BN/TiB
2Outside the complex phase ceramic composition, also randomly contain other composition, for example be selected from one or more following compositions: AlN, Si
3N
4, Co, Ca, Ni, Cr, W and Nb.Preferably, this ceramic material contains AlN, can strengthen BN/TiB thus
2The sintering character of complex phase ceramic.In ceramic material, add Si
3N
4Also can improve this ceramic corrosion resistance.
The applicant also finds, in preparation process to BN/TiB
2Add Si in the pottery
3N
4Or AlN, can also improve the non-oxidizability of this complex phase ceramic.
In addition, as known to those skilled in the art, interpolation Co, Ca, Ni, Cr, the metallic elements such as W, Nb can improve the sintering character of pottery.Preferably, the metal of interpolation should not surpass 6% weight, otherwise too many metal ingredient can produce problem of phase separation, and can affect the stability of pottery.
Described BN/TiB
2Complex phase ceramic is used for circuit breaker to be used as contact material, the active component in the contact.For the contact material that is used as active component in the circuit breaker, require when large electric current is arranged by this circuit breaker, in this large electric current current range that fast-descending is extremely expected at short notice, thereby prevent that electric arc from producing.
The applicant has been found that TiB
2The TiB that/BN complex phase ceramic can wherein contain by regulating and controlling
2With the weight ratio (or volume ratio) of BN, thereby control this BN/TiB
2Complex phase ceramic obtains having required resistance (rate), can access thus the resistance (rate) with required scope, thereby be suitable as contact material, in circuit breaker.Particularly, TiB
2The resistance (rate) of the complex phase ceramic that forms with BN is along with TiB
2There is a critical value range in the variation of (phase) content.Near this critical value, marked change occurs in the resistance of complex phase ceramic (rate).Along with TiB
2The increase of content is higher than this critical value, and the resistance of complex phase ceramic (rate) obviously reduces.The present inventor has utilized this characteristic especially, by regulating TiB
2With BN ratio (weight or volume), control the resistance (rate) of this complex phase ceramic in required scope, keep simultaneously the good thermal conductance of this complex phase ceramic.Resistivity as the ceramic material of contact material of the present invention can according to the variation of concrete composition in the complex phase ceramic, change to the scope of hundreds of ohmcms in several m ohm cm, and obtain required resistivity.In addition, the resistance of contact material of the present invention (rate) also can be subject to the impact of the aspects such as material purity, pretreating process, sintering process and granular size, but those of ordinary skills will appreciate that according to prior art and so can access the diphase ceramic material with required resistance (rate) and thermal conductance scope.
Resistivity is the physical quantity that represents resistance characteristic.In this article, resistance (rate) expression resistance and/or resistivity.When description had the resistance element of identical shaped and size, resistance was corresponding with resistivity.
Corresponding to different circuit breaker design, usually also correspondingly different to the requirement of the resistivity of contact material.In the art, can use the means that well known to a person skilled in the art that ceramic material is made various sizes and shape according to the concrete needs such as required resistance sizes and circuit breaker design, have required resistivity.For example, for plug in circuit breaker, the resistivity that requires diphase ceramic material is usually in the scope of 1m Ω cm～500 Ω cm, preferred 5m Ω cm to 200 Ω cm, wherein more preferably 10m Ω cm～150 Ω cm, for example 50m Ω cm～100 Ω cm, more preferred 250m Ω cm～150 Ω cm.For example for the medium-pressure or high pressure circuit breaker, as 10,000V to 50 in the circuit breaker that uses under the voltage of 000V, wishes the resistance of this complex phase ceramic in 1-100 Ω scope, preferably at 10-80 Ω, more preferably in 10-50 Ω scope.As this BN/TiB
2When the resistance of complex phase ceramic is lower than described scope, do not have the effect that resistance material should have; And when resistance is higher than required scope, then usually can occur " firmly opening circuit ", circuit breaker self is had a negative impact.Usually, the selection of contact (material) resistance range can be determined by those of ordinary skills according to the concrete range of application of circuit breaker.
Thus, this BN/TiB
2Diphase ceramic material can be used in the circuit breaker, and the part as contact plays resistance, when unexpected large electric current passes through, reduces in short-term, rapidly electric current, tolerance thermal shock at this moment.Simultaneously, wish this contact after opening circuit, can again close and close circuit breaker, repeatedly recycle.
In order to satisfy the requirement of above-mentioned rapid reduction electric current, this diphase ceramic material requires to have large resistance.The resistivity of this complex phase ceramic that uses as resistance can be set as 1m Ω cm to 500 Ω cm, more preferably 1m Ω cm to 300 Ω cm, 5m Ω cm to 200 Ω cm, preferred 300m Ω cm to 150 Ω cm, again preferred 400m Ω cm to 100 Ω cm, for example 400m Ω cm to 80 Ω cm.
This diphase ceramic material is heat-resisting, the high temperature up to 1800 ℃ in the time of can bearing circuit breaker and open circuit.This diphase ceramic material can reduce temperature rapidly in this temperature, when reusing, still has high heat-resisting ability to bear, and stable chemical electrical properties.
Preferably, require to be used for complex phase ceramic of the present invention explosion does not occur because change in size is too fast when being subject to thermal shock, if deform, wish that change in size is very little, the contact of other elements of circuit breaker adjacent thereto can be do not had influence on owing to material deformation, but the integrality workability of whole breaker circuit can also be kept.For this purpose, diphase ceramic material of the present invention need to have certain thermal expansivity.For example, the BN/TiB that uses among the present invention
2The thermal coefficient of expansion of complex phase ceramic is 5 * 10
-6/ K～8 * 10
-6/ K (this numerical value is 20 ℃～1600 ℃ lower mensuration).
In addition, as circuit breaker (comprising contact), have large electric current and flow through when work, this can cause the temperature of circuit breaker (comprising contact) to rise rapidly at short notice.For the local temperature that the prevents material any adverse effect of too fast generation that rises, wish to have suitable thermal conductivity as the diphase ceramic material that contact uses.Preferably, the BN/TiB that uses among the present invention
2The thermal conductivity of complex phase ceramic can be 40～150W/ (mK) (20 ℃), preferred 50～120W/ (mK) (20 ℃).Perhaps, the BN/TiB that uses among the present invention
2The thermal conductivity of complex phase ceramic can be 30 to 50W/ (mK) (1200 ℃).
Be used for the contact of circuit breaker except using the complex phase ceramic contact material, also comprise current-carrying part.Current-carrying part can for for example metal coupling part, all be pressed metal sleeve, insulation protection.
On the other hand, the invention provides and comprise BN/TiB
2Pottery in circuit breaker as the purposes of contact.Preferably, this comprises BN/TiB
2Pottery in circuit breaker, be used as active component in the contact.
In a preferred embodiment, the described BN/TiB that comprises
2Complex phase ceramic as breaking resistor.As breaking resistor the time, pottery of the present invention can be reduced to breaking current as required and for example be lower than 1.5kA, preferably is reduced to be lower than 1.0kA, more preferably is reduced to be lower than 0.7kA, particularly when voltage is 10kV to 50kV, as being in the circuit breaker of 10kV to 50kV at voltage.
In the case, the resistivity of described pottery can for, for example, 1m Ω cm to 500 Ω cm preferably is higher than 1.6m Ω cm, more preferably 10 Ω cm to 160 Ω cm.
When as contact material, the thermal conductivity of described pottery can be 110/35 to 120/40W/ (mK) (20 ℃/1200 ℃).
In order to regulate this ceramic mechanical performance, sintering character and/or oxidation susceptibility, this complex phase ceramic can also contain AlN, Si
3N
4, Co, Ni, Ca, Cr, W and/or Nb.
More on the one hand in, the invention provides a kind of circuit breaker, this circuit breaker comprises can divide contact, the wherein said contact that divides comprises that above-mentioned any comprises BN/TiB
2The contact material of pottery, be particularly useful as resistance.The so-called contact that can divide is the executive component that makes circuit connection or disjunction.Obviously, can divide in the contact and can also comprise current-carrying part.
Described circuit breaker can also comprise galvanic circle, arc-control device and the optional structures such as operating mechanism.Particularly, the galvanic circle is used for loaded current, arc-control device then be rapidly, extinguish arcs reliably, circuit is finally disconnected.Minute resultant motion of contact drives by the operating mechanism work done and through transmission mechanism transmission power, and the mode of operation of operating mechanism can be divided into manual, electronic, pneumatic and hydraulic pressure etc.In some cases, the operating mechanism of circuit breaker can be not included in the body of circuit breaker, but provides to circuit breaker as product independently.In a preferred embodiment, can divide contact to comprise fixed contact and moving contact.Described contact comprises active component and current-carrying part.Particularly, this can divide the active component of hoe can adopt BN/TiB of the present invention
2Diphase ceramic material.Can according to concrete design needs, select BN/TiB in this diphase ceramic material
2Proper ratio, thereby realize required resistance value.
BN/TiB provided by the invention
2Complex phase ceramic has good mechanical performance as contact, such as enough hardness, toughness, resistance to wear and resistance to tearing etc., and the resistivity controllability is good, satisfies the high temperature resistant and stable properties such as chemical property.And this contact thermal capacitance is high, can bear the high temperature that heavy current impact causes, has satisfied thus the requirement of the large electric current of disjunction.
Therefore, in one embodiment, contact of the present invention can be worked under up to 1700 ℃ temperature and explosion not occured.In a preferred embodiment, contact of the present invention can be worked under up to 1600 ℃ temperature and explosion not occured.
Especially, this BN/TiB of the present invention's use
2The heat absorption of pottery contact is high, can bear the high temperature that heavy current impact causes; Before disjunction, can reduce large electric current, and make thus the electric current disjunction be more prone to carry out.This is that correspondingly, needed arc extinguishing bar will reduce greatly because like this can be so that need the electric current of disjunction less, for example calculate as can be known by simple, in the practical application for 24KV, 20KA, reach more than 20 Ω if seal in resistance, breaking current can be reduced to and be lower than 1KA.Therefore can use SF still less
6Thereby, also reduced the adverse effect to greenhouse effect.
Therefore, contact of the present invention can be suitable in the circuit breaker that rated voltage is 10kV to 50kV.
TiB of the present invention
2/ BN complex phase ceramic also has outstanding mechanical performance, is easy to cut, and convenient on a large scale its resistivity of regulation and control, and should pottery also have stable chemical property under the high temperature.
This BN/TiB
2Complex phase ceramic can be prepared by following steps:
(a) at first with BN and TiB
2Powder mixes;
(b) will carry out sintering behind the mixed-powder briquet, sintering temperature is not less than 1500 ℃;
(c) by the described block of hot-pressing sintering method sintering, thereby obtain pottery;
(d) described ceramic machinery is processed into the resistance of final use.
Final ceramic product should have uniform resistivity and microstructure.
Use TiB provided by the invention
2The circuit breaker of/BN complex phase ceramic contact material can be realized the large electric current of disjunction in a kind of new mode, and has following advantage:
1. the possible scheme that lowers breaking current is provided;
2. reduce SF
6Use;
3. improve power factor (power factor);
4. cost for Dewar bottle and clay pottery.
The present invention has used specific material, i.e. BN/TiB in the inside of circuit breaker
2Pottery, a part of such as the resistive part as contact or its, because the advantages such as the electrical resistance property of this contact (material) and heat-sinking capacity are large, can reduce rapidly thus large electric current in very short time before the circuit breaker disjunction and absorb a large amount of energy, and temperature can acutely not rise and cause pottery to burst.
This circuit breaker also can also can use after circuit recovers for a long time in the immediate recovery normal operation, because the complex phase ceramic that uses can recover its former thermal conductivity and resistive.
Also has outstanding dimensional stability according to contact of breaker of the present invention, even during temperature generation acute variation, change in size is very little, thereby is difficult for coming off or damaging whole circuit breaker from circuit breaker, also just can not have influence on the aspect performances such as electricity of whole device.
The ceramic material that uses in the contact of the present invention discharges the harmful gas of environmental pollution at the Shi Buhui that is heated, and is a kind of environment friendly material.
In addition, the circuit breaker with contact of being made by described contact material provided by the invention can reduce and uses or even avoid using SF in the conventional circuit breaker
6Environment.
This BN/TiB that comprises
2The complex phase ceramic contact material be particularly suitable in the medium-pressure or high pressure circuit breaker.In addition, this ceramic material of the present invention's use can also be applied in energy conversion equipment such as wind energy and the solar energy energy supply.
Embodiment
The preparation of embodiment 1 contact material of the present invention
Prepare BN/TiB according to said method
2Diphase ceramic material.Concrete preparation process can be as follows:
With titanium diboride (4.52g/cm
3) and boron nitride (2.27g/cm
3) powder become elementary briquetting through isostatic pressing after evenly mixing, its density is not less than 90%, adopts afterwards hot-pressing sintering technique, sintering temperature to be not less than 1500 ℃, sintering pressure is not less than 30Mpa.Obtained density at 2.75～3g/cm
3Ceramic body.
Based on said method, prepare respectively different TiB according to following proportioning
2/ NB complex phase ceramic:
Table 1: fire complex phase ceramic sample 1-3 of the present invention according to different ratios of raw materials
| TiB 2(% by weight) * | BN (% by weight) * | Other compositions | |
| Sample 1 | About 51% | About 49% | AlN＜1％ |
| Sample 2 | About 50% | About 50% | AlN＜1％ |
| Sample 3 | About 49.5% | About 50.5% | AlN＜1％ |
*TiB wherein
2Or the % by weight of BN is with respect to TiB
2Percentage by weight with the BN summation.
Detect in addition the resistance (rate) of above-mentioned sample, the result is as shown in table 2:
Table 2: corresponding resistor rate and the resistance of sample 1-3
| Resistivity (Ω cm) | Resistance | |
| Sample 1 | 500～600·10 -6 | 2mΩ |
| Sample 2 | 1～10 | 1Ω |
| Sample 3 | About 160 | 22Ω |
In addition, also to the above-mentioned various TiB that make
2Other performances of/BN diphase ceramic material detect.Test shows that all in 0.55～0.75J/gk (room temperature) scope, thermal conductivity is not less than 50W/ (mK) to the thermal capacity of above-mentioned pottery usually usually.Density is all greater than 2.5g/cm
3The concrete measurement data of sample 1 has been shown in the following table 3:
Table 3: other performances of measured sample 1
| Sample 1 | TiB 2/BN |
| Density g/cm 3 | 2.9 |
| Room temperature thermal coefficient of expansion 10 -6/K | 6.0±1.0 |
| Room temperature thermal conductivity (W/ (mK)) | ＞50 |
| Room temperature thermal capacitance (J/gK) | 0.68 |
According to the specific requirement to resistance, can process these ceramic shape and size, to satisfy the specification requirement of concrete circuit breaker design.In the present embodiment, above-mentioned Machining of Ceramics is become to have the high resistance block of certain length and width, be used for follow-up heavy current impact experiment, and compare with cylindrical clay/carbon black ceramic material.
The comparison in the heavy current impact experiment of embodiment 2 contact materials of the present invention and clay/carbon black ceramic material
1. contact material of the present invention
Field experiment experiment station, the Schneider Electric Devices Kingsoft (report number: TB032010003a) of doing, temperature measurement adopts contact thermocouple and data acquisition system, frequency acquisition is ten points of per second, and resistance measurement is microhmmeter, and the optical analysis microscope is adopted in microexamination.Experimental provision as shown in Figure 1.
Present embodiment has used the BN/TiB for preparing among the embodiment 1
2Complex phase ceramic (sample 1) materials processing becomes bulk sample as the resistance in the contact, and the weight of resistance is as shown in table 4.In table 4, what absorptive capacity represented is the systemic energy of contact resistance sample unit volume after being subject to rush of current.(maximum) temperature rise represents that contact resistance sample (maximum) temperature after being subject to rush of current increases.
Table 4: the resistance that contact material of the present invention is made is absorptive capacity and the temperature rise situation during Implantation Energy in heavy current impact experiment
*Electric current when prospective current refers to the circuit zero load is the electric current of expection, and the ohmic load through actual can change.This desired value is to adjust the important indicator of input current
In addition, this BN/TiB
2Ceramic material before the great current impact test and change in resistance afterwards substantially all less than 2%.
The BN/TiB that uses among the present invention has been shown among Fig. 2
2The contact resistance that complex phase ceramic is made is before heavy current impact experiment and microphoto afterwards.Before and after the experiment, distribution of particles and granular size are all without significant change.In addition, according to diagram, sample resistivity has no significant change behind overtesting, and change in resistance is less than 2%, and its internal microstructure is also without significant change.Can clearly observe from this photo, also significantly not change even the contact resistance that uses the diphase ceramic material described in the present invention to make is subject to the impact of large electric current aspect internal microstructure.This illustrates that resistance of the present invention is metastable, can work for a long time repeatedly under condition of work.This obviously greatly reduces the cost of these replacing components and parts.
As a comparison, also use in the present embodiment clay/carbon black pottery to be prepared into the resistance for contact, and detect in heavy current impact, test result is shown in table 6, and test oracle electric current wherein is 10kA.
Table 6: use contact resistance that clay/carbon black pottery makes continuous absorptive capacity and the temperature rise situation during Implantation Energy in the heavy current impact experiment
*Implantation Energy is non-linear after the short circuit is increased to very large value
The experimental result of more above-mentioned table 5 and table 6, all BN/TiB
2Pottery has all passed through this test, but clay/carbon black ceramic resistor under last rush of current by instantaneous breakdown, and temperature moment rise to 250 ℃ and destroyed.Even and the resistance that ceramic material of the present invention is made is also working in the time of 850 ℃.In addition, BN/TiB of the present invention
2The contact resistance that ceramic material is made its absorptive capacity under the large current condition of continuous input can surpass 400J/cm
3, even convergence 1000J/cm
3, and the resistance that the clay pottery is made is obviously less than material of the present invention, at 400J/cm
3The time material just destroyed.
In addition, find that also the behavior of resistance under heavy current impact that clay/carbon black is made not is fine, only can bear maximum 250 ℃ temperature rise, that is to say that this resistance occurs to puncture and damage easily after being subject to heavy current impact.In addition, chemical property is also unstable, and the oxidizability problem can occur after long-term work.
Therefore, BN/TiB of the present invention
2During complex phase ceramic is compared with clay/carbon black materials and is more suitable for/primary cut-out in.
Embodiment 3 application of contact material of the present invention in circuit breaker
Selected in the present embodiment plug in circuit breaker, and contact material of the present invention has been processed into the suitable insertion resistance of some shapes for contact.In order to obtain to be applicable to the suitable resistance of this circuit breaker, calculate according to 24kV line voltage, by regulating different insertion resistances, can obtain different drop-out currents, as shown in table 7 below:
Table 7: plug in circuit breaker is in the circuit condition of inserting contact resistance of the present invention front and back
According to upper table 7, consider the transition of conductor and resistance when cut-offfing, in order to prevent the generation of electric arc between conductor and resistance, the resistance value preferable range is 20 Ω～30 Ω, can guarantee that drop-out current is not higher than 1.3kA this moment, and power factor is not less than 0.997.
Claims (13)
1. contact material that is used for circuit breaker, wherein said contact material comprises BN/TiB
2Diphase ceramic material.
2. contact material according to claim 1, wherein said BN/TiB
2BN and TiB in the diphase ceramic material
2The content sum is more than at least 90 % by weight of whole pottery, preferably more than at least 95 % by weight, more preferably more than at least 98 % by weight.
3. contact material according to claim 2, wherein, with BN and TiB
2Content meter, TiB
2Be 40～55 % by weight, BN is 45～60 % by weight; Preferred TiB
2Be 49～50 % by weight, BN is 50～51 % by weight.
4. each described contact material in 3 according to claim 1 also contains in the wherein said diphase ceramic material and is selected from following one or more: AlN, Si
3N
4, Ca, Co, Ni, Cr, W and Nb.
5. each contact material in 4 according to claim 1, wherein said diphase ceramic material is used as resistive material in circuit breaker.
6. each described contact material in 5 according to claim 1, the thermal coefficient of expansion of wherein said diphase ceramic material is 5 * 10
-6/ K～8 * 10
-6/ K.
7. each described contact material in 6 according to claim 1, the thermal conductivity of wherein said diphase ceramic material is 40～150W/ (mK), preferred 50～120W/ (mK), described thermal conductivity records under 20 ℃.
8. a contact that is used for circuit breaker comprises that each contact material is used as resistive part and optional current-carrying part among the claim 1-7.
9. comprise BN/TiB
2Diphase ceramic material in circuit breaker as the purposes of contact.
10. purposes according to claim 9, wherein said diphase ceramic material is used as the resistive part in the contact of circuit breaker.
11. purposes according to claim 10, wherein said BN/TiB
2BN and TiB in the diphase ceramic material
2The content sum is more than at least 90 % by weight of whole pottery, preferably more than at least 95 % by weight, more preferably more than at least 98 % by weight.
12. purposes according to claim 11, wherein, with BN and TiB
2Content meter, TiB
2Be 40～55 % by weight, BN is 45～60 % by weight; Preferred TiB
2Be 49～50 % by weight, BN is 50～51 % by weight.
13. a circuit breaker comprises and can divide contact, wherein saidly divides contact material that contact comprises among the claim 1-7 each as active component.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110261653.1A CN102983015B (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2011-09-06 | Comprise BN/TiB 2the contact material of diphase ceramic material, the purposes of contact material and the circuit breaker containing this contact material |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110261653.1A CN102983015B (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2011-09-06 | Comprise BN/TiB 2the contact material of diphase ceramic material, the purposes of contact material and the circuit breaker containing this contact material |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102983015B CN102983015B (en) | 2015-09-30 |
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| US4369343A (en) * | 1979-11-26 | 1983-01-18 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Ignition distributor having electrodes with thermistor discharging portions |
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| CN1758953A (en) * | 2003-02-13 | 2006-04-12 | Itn纳诺瓦圣有限公司 | Multi-layer ceramic composite |
| CN101023504A (en) * | 2004-07-24 | 2007-08-22 | 艾米多杜科有限公司 | Arc splitter for an arcing chamber |
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| JPS5292364A (en) * | 1976-01-30 | 1977-08-03 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Composite contacts and method of manufacturing them |
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| CN102983015B (en) | 2015-09-30 |
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