CN102981104A - On-line monitoring method for submarine cables - Google Patents
On-line monitoring method for submarine cables Download PDFInfo
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- CN102981104A CN102981104A CN2012104699177A CN201210469917A CN102981104A CN 102981104 A CN102981104 A CN 102981104A CN 2012104699177 A CN2012104699177 A CN 2012104699177A CN 201210469917 A CN201210469917 A CN 201210469917A CN 102981104 A CN102981104 A CN 102981104A
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Abstract
The invention provides an on-line monitoring method for submarine cables. The method includes the steps of building a fault diagnosis model according to pressure field information, temperature field information, electric field information and the fault type when the submarine cables fail; distributing distributed optical fiber sensors for the submarine cables coaxially; monitoring and obtaining the pressure field information, the temperature field information and the electric field information of the submarine cables through the distributed optical fiber sensors; and determining whether the submarine cables fail and the type of faults according to the pressure field information, the temperature field information, the electric field information and the fault diagnosis model of the submarine cables. The method can perform accurate state on-line monitoring on the submarine cables and obtain state parameters of the submarine cables for fault diagnosis, and is provided with good identification degree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of electric power safety monitoring technology, particularly relate to a kind of subsea cable on-line monitoring method.
Background technology
The exploitation of the marine energy sources such as offshore wind farm has promoted the formation of marine power transmission network, and the high pressure sea electric power cable has had more and more wide application space, mainly comprises the power supply, island networking, coastal state's networking of offshore wind farm transmission of electricity, offshore oil and gas platform etc.As most important equipment in the marine power transmission network, the safe operation of subsea cable is extremely important to electric system.
The quality of cable insulation is the key factor that affects the cable security reliability service.In the past, widely used preventive measure is to adopt the method that regularly has a power failure and detect, and belongs to offline inspection.This insulation preventive test has obvious irrationality: the first, and must have a power failure and detect, so often cause power failure; The second, can not detect selectively according to the cable insulation situation, often all cables are all detected, the result makes the original intact cable of insulation cause the insulating performance of cable accelerated deterioration through the repeated detection process; The 3rd, often all to apply the high pressure that is higher than working voltage at cable insulation during detection, this can accelerate the deteriorated of cable insulation.Therefore, the power cable on-line monitoring technique will become the inevitable development trend of cable fault diagnosis.
The cable status on-line monitoring is that cable is carried out on-line monitoring, then determines whether that according to monitoring result needs carry out further inspection and maintenance to the insulation of cable.Carrying out the cable status on-line monitoring not only can greatly reduce the intact cable that insulate is carried out unnecessary detection, save the unnecessary detection operation of expense, minimizing frequency of power cut, reduction of testing process to the abnormal damage of cable insulation, the more important thing is and to carry out continuous monitoring to the insulation of cable, in time pinpoint the problems, reduce the generation of burst accident.In addition, on-line monitoring can also be set up the historical archives of insulating performance of cable, and provides master data for the decision-making of cable off-line overhaul.
Summary of the invention
For this reason, the invention provides and a kind ofly can carry out accurately state on_line monitoring to subsea cable, obtain at any time the state parameter of subsea cable, carry out the subsea cable on-line monitoring method that fault is judged.
A kind of subsea cable on-line monitoring method may further comprise the steps:
Pressure field information, temperature field information, electric field information and fault type during according to the subsea cable fault are set up subsea cable fault judgment models;
To the coaxial laying distributed fiberoptic sensor of subsea cable;
Obtain pressure field information, temperature field information and the electric field information of described subsea cable by described distributed fiberoptic sensor monitoring;
According to described pressure field information, temperature field information and electric field information, and described subsea cable fault judgment models, judge whether described subsea cable breaks down, and the type that breaks down.
Subsea cable on-line monitoring method of the present invention adopts the monitoring of many characteristic quantities, and comprehensive various features amount data and subsea cable fault judgment models carry out fault distinguishing, so the reliability of Monitoring Data is improved; And the precision to localization of fault is improved, and has dwindled fuzzy zone.And the interval and uncertain probability of the evidence after the evidence of distributed fiberoptic sensor interval and uncertain probability and the fusion, reduced the uncertainty of system, make simultaneously the basic reliability function after the fusion have better discrimination than the basic reliability function of each sensor before merging, have better identification.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of subsea cable on-line monitoring method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the subsea cable fault judgment models synoptic diagram of subsea cable on-line monitoring method of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that subsea cable on-line monitoring method of the present invention carries out three layers of BP neural network structure synoptic diagram that the data characteristics level merges.
Embodiment
See also Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of subsea cable on-line monitoring method of the present invention.
Described subsea cable on-line monitoring method may further comprise the steps:
S101, pressure field information, temperature field information, electric field information and fault type during according to the subsea cable fault are set up subsea cable fault judgment models;
S102 to the coaxial laying distributed fiberoptic sensor of subsea cable, obtains pressure field information, temperature field information and the electric field information of described subsea cable by described distributed fiberoptic sensor monitoring;
S103, according to described pressure field information, temperature field information and electric field information, and described subsea cable fault judgment models, judge whether described subsea cable breaks down, and the type that breaks down.
By adopting the monitoring of many characteristic quantities, and comprehensive various features amount data and subsea cable fault judgment models carry out fault distinguishing, so the reliability of Monitoring Data is improved; And the precision to localization of fault is improved, and has dwindled fuzzy zone.And the sensing of distributed fiberoptic sensor is more accurate.
At first, above-mentioned steps S101 is the foundation of fault judgment models.
Pressure field information, temperature field information, electric field information during by the subsea cable fault, set up the fault judgment models mainly for following several fault types:
Degradation failure appears in cable major insulation.Seabed high-tension cable degradation failure has the scope that the cable of normal operation is had certain influence, and fault is longer, the scope of impact is also longer, but we still can monitor by distributed fiberoptic sensor the temperature of insulation course appearance along the line, record the position that cable temperature along the line is undergone mutation from sensor, thereby navigate to abort situation.
The impurity fault appears in cable major insulation.When cable insulation existed impurity, very large distortion had occured in the electric field of impurity position, and according to the difference of impurity position, the degree of electric field distortion is also different.In the impurity situation not identical with the distance of conductor, the maximum temperature of cable inside does not almost change yet, but because the existence of impurity, so that the electric field intensity that produces on every side approaches even greater than the disruptive strength of insulation course, be easy to occur shelf depreciation, cause insulation breakdown.If when the insulation course somewhere occured to puncture, other good insulation will be born larger voltage, suffered electric field intensity will further strengthen.If this field intensity is even as big as puncturing insulation course, the field intensity that other good insulation are subject to strengthens, so since vicious cycle, the insulating property that will threaten cable.Simultaneously we can also see, the electric field distortion that produces of the impurity of close conductor is the most severe, and therefore also easier generation partial discharge phenomenon causes insulation breakdown to lose efficacy.The electric field of cable distorted along the line can be monitored by distributed fiberoptic sensor, simultaneously because the distortion electric field that impurity causes is very little to the coverage of normal electric field, therefore bearing accuracy can be improved by the monitoring electric field change.
Cable is subject to the external force extruding.When sea bed motion subsea cable is squeezed or rubs with the seashore cobblestone, can where detect the position that is squeezed with distributed fiberoptic sensor equally.The pressure maximum that armor bore before sea electric power cable was aging is no more than 17Mpa.Therefore, in case subsea cable has been subject to the extruding of external force, just can pass through distributed fiberoptic sensor detection streamer internal pressure, judge thus the pressure size that the cable outside is subject to, and calculate the position that cable is squeezed by the data of distributed fiberoptic sensor, when exceeding the ultimate value of setting, rapidly removing faults.
Cable sheath damage fault.Subsea cable is damaged in various degree, and cable internal temperature field and electric field all can change.When the submarine cable armoring layer sustained damage but do not hinder, the temperature field of subsea cable inside and electric field and under normal circumstances not significant change illustrated that subsea cable does not have can also keep normal operation a period of time in the damaged situation at armor.If breakage reaches packed layer, subsea cable internal temperature field and electric field intensity almost do not change yet, but because the rigidity of packed layer is not enough to bear deep-water pressure, so in case damaged to packed layer, the subsea cable fault that can within the time of section very, be short-circuited.The most serious is the through insulation course of damage, and insulation course not only rigidity can not show a candle to armor, and more seriously the electric field intensity of subsea cable inside can sharply raise, so that cable insulation is owing to high field intensity punctures.Utilize distributed fiberoptic sensor, by measuring simultaneously the variation of temperature field and pressure field, just can navigate to abort situation.
Because the different characteristic quantity that passes through the distributed fiberoptic sensor monitoring of three classes is arranged, different fault types and abort situation, the subsea cable fault judgment models of building a photosignal information fusion system by measurement is assisted and is carried out fault distinguishing, as shown in Figure 2.
By the normalized to the two dimension amount of subsea cable trouble spot (temperature, the extra large cable position substep of temperature jump), (pressure, the extra large cable position substep of pressure jump) and (electric field, the extra large cable position of electric field sudden change are step by step).The information that each sensor is gathered is as evidence, each sensor provides one group of proposition, corresponding four class fault and location of fault: the x1 that we pay close attention to ... xi ... x n, and set up a corresponding belief function, like this, multi-sensor information fusion in fact just becomes under same identification framework, different evidence bodies is merged into the process of a new evidence body.
Particularly, when setting up described subsea cable fault judgment models, the fault type of the pressure field information during with the subsea cable fault, temperature field information, electric field information and correspondence is as training parameter training of human artificial neural networks (Artificial Neural Network, be called for short ANN), generate described subsea cable fault judgment models.
The invention provides the model of an information fusion technology, the result that the characteristic quantity of the detection that fusion proposes above obtains reaches the result that an accurate fault location and fault type are classified.
Above-mentioned steps S102 is the step of obtaining the characteristic parameter of subsea cable.
In the present invention, the coaxial laying distributed fiberoptic sensor of subsea cable is obtained the characteristic parameter of monitoring.Described distributed fiberoptic sensor is preferably six core composite fibers, and its two ends are provided with the fiber-optic signal detuner, and wherein two cores are used for the pressure sensor field information, and two cores are used for the sensing temperature field information, and two cores are used for the sensing electric field information.
In the process that temperature, pressure and electric field intensity are obtained, by distribution type fiber-optic interferometric demodulation instrument, utilize the substep of cable coaxial optical fiber of the coastal end of temperature, pressure and electric field intensity can affect the principle of the pulse signal of Brillouin scattering, obtain pressure field information, temperature field information and the electric field information of described subsea cable.Just can obtain the two-dimentional physical quantity substep of three class physical quantitys and cable distance of the coastal end, that is:
Obtain the force value of described subsea cable and the positional information of pressure jump point; The positional information of temperature value and temperature jump point; The position of electric field intensity value along the line and electric field intensity catastrophe point.As shown in table 1 below:
| Substep along the line (km) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Temperature (° C) | 75.6°C | 76.3°C | 79.6°C | 88.3°C |
| Pressure | 0.56Kp | 1.48Kp | 1.24Kp | 2.09kp |
| Electric field intensity | 11.5MV/m | 11.5MV/m | 11.8MV/m | 22.6MV/m |
List the physical quantity of three groups of two dimensions that obtain from the output of distribution type fiber-optic interferometric demodulation instrument in the table 1, namely temperature, pressure and the electric field intensity of monitored seabed high-tension cable.So-called two dimension, for example, the data of existing temperature also have the distribution of point for measuring temperature on cable simultaneously.Only for illustrating, actual data are processed far more than this in tabulation.
Above-mentioned steps S103 is for carrying out the step of fault distinguishing according to the characteristic parameter that obtains.
Preferably, whether described subsea cable is broken down judge first:
First pressure field information, temperature field information and the electric field information of described subsea cable and default safety value scope are compared, if do not exceed described safety value scope, judge that then described subsea cable does not break down;
If exceed described safety value scope, judge that then described subsea cable breaks down, described pressure field information, temperature field information and electric field information are inputted described subsea cable fault judgment models, judge type and position that described subsea cable breaks down.
Described safety value scope produces according to historical data, comparison historical data (being the safety value scope) under normal circumstances, if the temperature of seabed high-tension cable, pressure and electric field intensity all in normal range, so only record current data, and do not trigger calculating.
When fault is judged, at first described pressure field information, temperature field information and the electric field information that obtains carried out normalized, obtain the position bound in the pressure jump interval at the pressure maximum point of the position bound in the temperature jump interval at the temperature peak of described subsea cable and described temperature peak place, described subsea cable and described pressure maximum point place, and the position bound between the electric field intensity saltation zone at the electric field intensity maximum point of described subsea cable and described electric field intensity maximum point place;
Then, with the input of the above-mentioned data of obtaining as subsea cable fault judgment models, by the network structure in the described subsea cable fault judgment models, diagnosis weights and bias, judge type and position that described subsea cable breaks down.
When judging concrete fault type, judge cable major insulation degradation failure according to the pressure field information of described subsea cable; Judge cable major insulation impurity fault according to the electric field information of described subsea cable; Pressure field information according to described subsea cable is judged the stressed extruding fault of cable; And, judge cable sheath damage fault according to pressure field information and the temperature field information of described subsea cable.
That is, if the seabed high-tension cable has the zone occur to surpass the data of described safety value scope, then by two dimension amount (force value of cable and the positional information of pressure jump point to the subsea cable trouble spot that obtains after the distributed fiberoptic sensor demodulation; The positional information of temperature value and temperature jump point; The position of electric field intensity value along the line and electric field intensity catastrophe point).For example go up in the table 1 three physical quantitys at 4km place.Because three physical quantitys have certain change profile, cause calculation of complex, process at first for the ease of the part of back three feature numberical value of quantities are carried out normalized:
Obtain the input quantity of one group of confidence level.Two amounts are then paid close attention in the position of trouble spot, and namely each physical quantity surpasses the band of position at the place of described safety value scope.For example, the point that we record the maximum temperature value in the upper table 1 is at the 4km place, and in fact, between [3.9, the 4.2] km of zone, all almost at this temperature value.Therefore, in order can accurately to locate, we also input the position of the bound between such lane place as characteristic quantity.Eigenwert after the normalization is between [0,1], and such process is referred to as Pixel-level and merges.
Input quantity as next stage just has 9 like this.Respectively the position bound in the pressure jump interval at the pressure maximum point of the position bound in the temperature jump interval at the temperature peak of described subsea cable and described temperature peak place, described subsea cable and described pressure maximum point place, and the position bound between the electric field intensity saltation zone at the electric field intensity maximum point of described subsea cable and described electric field intensity maximum point place.
After these eigenwert selects, the described subsea cable fault judgment models that we utilize described artificial neural network (ANN) to consist of is carried out feature level and is merged, as shown in Figure 2, described subsea cable fault judgment models is output as 4, respectively that cable insulation is aging, impurity, cable local exterior stress out-of-limit (anchor wound), the position of trouble spot appear in cable insulation.The numerical value of each output distributes between [0,1], can be with it as probability distribution, and the input next stage merges.
The proper vector that can reflect the cable fault sign that extracts during the higher level merged is as the input of ANN, can utilize the diagnostic reasoning knowledge that is stored in network structure, the weights and bias to carry out preliminary pattern classification and abort situation identification through the neural network after the training, provide at last local message and merge the result who judges, then submit to decision level and carry out global decisions.
Select three layers of BP network to carry out feature level and merge, as shown in Figure 3, by the weights (ω to neural network
Ij, T
Li) with the correction of threshold values (θ), error function E is descended along gradient direction.This BP network represents to input node x with three node layers
j, hidden node y
i, output node O
l
If a certain training input vector is X
k, the actual Y that is output as of network
k, and be provided with N sample (X
k, Y
k), k=1,2 ..., N, the network hidden layer adopts the sigmoid function as excitation function, output layer adopts linear function.
Each neuron weight coefficient iterative equation: ω
Ij(k+1)=ω
Ij(k)+μ δ
Kjx
Ki
Output layer error: δ
Kj=(y '
Kj-y
Kj) f
j(net
Kj) (1-f
j(net
Kj))
The hidden layer error:
Because there are many local smallest point in the BP network, under some initial value condition, the result of algorithm can be absorbed in local minimum, and algorithm is not restrained.For accelerating convergence and prevent the vibration, introduce a factor of momentum α and reduce overtravel, that is:
ω
ij(k+1)＝ω
ij(k)+μδ
kjx
ki+α[ω
ij(k)-ω
ij(k-1)]
Wherein, μ is Learning Step, and α is weighting factor, usually gets μ＜1,0＜α.
The mean square error difference of define grid is the mean value E (W) of all training samples:
At last, utilize the comprehensive judgement of DS evidence theory to obtain the differentiation of more accurate fault type and abort situation.
According to the output of neural network, the identification framework of decision level is { (A
1), (A
2), (A
3), B
1, in the BP network sample, the output of network is not equal to 0 or 1, but the rational number between 0 and 1.Therefore adopting the mode of D-S evidence theory fusion is a good solution, can with the output of each neural network as an evidence independently, make it to become the belief assignment of various states under this evidence.The step of calculating is:
(a) normalized is carried out in the output of ANN:
Y (A in the formula
i) be the actual output of each node of neural network, wherein:
E in the formula
nBe the sample error of network,
(b) evidence of neural network is carried out fusion treatment and obtains final elementary probability assignment:
Use the D-S evidence theory that ANN logic two-value is exported and carry out information fusion; Judge residing fault type, and the distributed areas of fault in subsea cable.
Technical solution of the present invention is also brought following beneficial effect:
1. adopt many characteristic quantity monitorings and differentiation, so the reliability of Monitoring Data is improved;
2. the differentiation for the common fault type of subsea cable provides a kind of scheme;
3. the precision of localization of fault is improved, and has dwindled fuzzy zone;
Interval and the uncertain probability of the evidence of distributed fiberoptic sensor and merge after evidence interval and uncertain probability, mj after the fusion (θ) obviously reduces, this descriptive information merges the uncertainty that has reduced system, make simultaneously the basic reliability function after the fusion have better discrimination than the basic reliability function of each sensor before merging, have better identification.
The above embodiment has only expressed several embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to claim of the present invention.Should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (7)
1. a subsea cable on-line monitoring method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Pressure field information, temperature field information, electric field information and fault type during according to the subsea cable fault are set up subsea cable fault judgment models;
To the coaxial laying distributed fiberoptic sensor of subsea cable, obtain pressure field information, temperature field information and the electric field information of described subsea cable by described distributed fiberoptic sensor monitoring;
According to described pressure field information, temperature field information and electric field information, and described subsea cable fault judgment models, judge whether described subsea cable breaks down, and the type that breaks down.
2. subsea cable on-line monitoring method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, according to described pressure field information, temperature field information and electric field information, and described subsea cable fault judgment models, judge whether described subsea cable breaks down, and the step of the type that breaks down comprises:
First pressure field information, temperature field information and the electric field information of described subsea cable and default safety value scope are compared, if do not exceed described safety value scope, judge that then described subsea cable does not break down;
If exceed described safety value scope, judge that then described subsea cable breaks down, described pressure field information, temperature field information and electric field information are inputted described subsea cable fault judgment models, judge type and position that described subsea cable breaks down.
3. subsea cable on-line monitoring method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, pressure field information, temperature field information, electric field information and fault type during according to the subsea cable fault, and the step of setting up subsea cable fault judgment models comprises:
The fault type of the pressure field information during with the subsea cable fault, temperature field information, electric field information and correspondence generates described subsea cable fault judgment models as training parameter training of human artificial neural networks.
4. subsea cable on-line monitoring method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the step of obtaining pressure field information, temperature field information and the electric field information of described subsea cable comprises:
Obtain the force value of described subsea cable and the positional information of pressure jump point; The positional information of temperature value and temperature jump point; The position of electric field intensity value along the line and electric field intensity catastrophe point.
5. subsea cable on-line monitoring method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, according to described pressure field information, temperature field information and electric field information, and described subsea cable fault judgment models, judge whether described subsea cable breaks down, and the step of the type that breaks down comprises:
Described pressure field information, temperature field information and the electric field information that obtains carried out normalized, obtain the position bound in the pressure jump interval at the pressure maximum point of the position bound in the temperature jump interval at the temperature peak of described subsea cable and described temperature peak place, described subsea cable and described pressure maximum point place, and the position bound between the electric field intensity saltation zone at the electric field intensity maximum point of described subsea cable and described electric field intensity maximum point place;
With the input of the above-mentioned data of obtaining as subsea cable fault judgment models, by the network structure in the described subsea cable fault judgment models, diagnosis weights and bias, judge type and position that described subsea cable breaks down.
6. subsea cable on-line monitoring method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, judges that the step of the type that described subsea cable breaks down comprises:
Judge cable major insulation degradation failure according to the pressure field information of described subsea cable;
Judge cable major insulation impurity fault according to the electric field information of described subsea cable;
Pressure field information according to described subsea cable is judged the stressed extruding fault of cable;
Pressure field information and temperature field information according to described subsea cable are judged cable sheath damage fault.
7. such as the described subsea cable on-line monitoring method of claim 1 to 6 any one, it is characterized in that, described distributed fiberoptic sensor is six core composite fibers, its two ends are provided with the fiber-optic signal detuner, wherein two cores are used for the pressure sensor field information, two cores are used for the sensing temperature field information, and two cores are used for the sensing electric field information.
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