CN102980933B - Multi-channel galvanic corrosion test system and method based on micro electrode array - Google Patents
Multi-channel galvanic corrosion test system and method based on micro electrode array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of measurement and automation, and in particular relates to a method and system for testing multi-channel galvanic corrosion. By a test method for performing high speed switching of current measurement and potential measurement of each micro electrode in the micro electrode array and measurement of all micro electrodes to be measured, galvanic corrosion current and galvanic corrosion potential data of each micro electrode are extremely high in synchronism; the synchronism of the galvanic corrosion current and the galvanic corrosion potential data of different micro electrodes is also greatly improved; and information of a galvanic corrosion process and a dynamic change of the information can be accurately obtained. A hardware test system consists of a modular instrument adopting a PXI bus technology, is easy to construct, can be flexibly reconfigured and has high integration degree and reliability. According to a software system compiled by a graphical development environment LabVIEW, functions of the hardware system can be configured according to requirements; and a test logic of a background and a human-machine interaction interface of a foreground can be customized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to measurement and automatic field thereof, especially a kind of Multi-channel galvanic corrosion method of testing for local corrosion research and test macro.
Background technology
Microelectrode array also known as wire beam electrode, the electrochemical sensor combined according to certain arrangement mode by multiple small metal or alloy wire electrode (microelectrode).The large-area metal electrode that each microelectrode both can be coupled together mutually integrally uses, for obtaining galvanochemistry average information relevant to corrosion on Cathode/Solution Interface, the electrochemical parameter of each tiny area can be tested respectively as independently micro probe again, obtain the galvanochemistry distributed intelligence on Cathode/Solution Interface.Due to microelectrode array technology microcell Electrochemical Measurement Technology (such as: Scanning electrochemical microscopy, SECM unlike other when testing; Scanning vibrating electrode technology, SVP; Local electrochemical impedance spectrum technology, LEIS) like that strict to the flatness requirement of electrode surface, therefore, it is particularly suitable for obtaining the galvanochemistry distribution characteristics of the corroding metal electrode with complex surface state, such as, surface applies the metal electrode etc. of coating, formation corrosion product or dirty layer, attached microbial film.
The local corrosion main manifestations of metal or alloy is that the extent of corrosion of each several part on Cathode/Solution Interface exists notable difference, metal anode dissolution velocity on regional area is greater than the metal anode dissolution velocity in remaining surface region significantly, namely, this regional area creates anode current, and the size of electric current is considerably beyond other regions, cause the great corrosion rate of this regional area.This is mainly because the inhomogeneity of the intrinsic inhomogeneity of electrode material and corrosion environment makes the current potential of electrode surface zones of different have height difference, so define corrosion galvanic couple, the surf zone that current potential is higher forms the negative electrode of corrosion galvanic couple, and the surf zone that current potential is lower forms the anode of corrosion galvanic couple.Therefore, can simulate and measure by microelectrode array measuring technology the galvanochemistry distributed intelligence that the bimetallic corrosion electric current of each tiny area of large-area metal electrode surface and current potential obtain its bimetallic corrosion.
But, the development of measuring technology and testing tool relatively lags behind but becomes the bottleneck that microelectrode array technology extensively applies, have document to claim once to have set up array electrode proving installation, but the key component of equipment---automatic switch is but customized voluntarily, commercially cannot popularize; Also have document to claim the wire beam electrode test macro set up automatically to test, therefore use very inconvenient.Recently, there is document to claim to adopt the modular instrument of America NI company to build a set of array electrode galvanochemistry distribution detector, and adopt LabVIEW 8.5 software programming measurement and control program, the corrosion inhomogeneity research of material achieves greater advance; But, owing to being subject to the restriction in hardware configuration and digital multimeter wiring, the electric potential scanning of array electrode and current scanning need separately be tested, and the time of test is longer, cause the synchronism measuring potential data and the current data obtained not high, bring certain difficulty to the parsing of bimetallic corrosion data and research, and the automaticity of its test process also has much room for improvement.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Multi-channel galvanic corrosion method of testing based on described microelectrode array technology and test macro.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Based on a Multi-channel galvanic corrosion test macro for microelectrode array, it is characterized in that:
Described test macro comprises: modularized hardware test macro and testing system for visualization software; Described modularized hardware test macro is made up of cabinet, embedded controller, peripheral module, instrument module four part, described hardware testing system is independent main control type hardware testing system or remote control type hardware testing system, the cabinet of described independent main control type hardware testing system is the PXI cabinet being integrated with described embedded controller and peripheral module, and the cabinet of described remote control type hardware testing system is have integrated MXI-Express control module and by the PXI cabinet of desk-top computer or portable computer Long-distance Control; The control mode of described independent main control type hardware testing system is independently controlled by the described embedded controller of operation system, and the control mode of described remote control type hardware testing system carrys out Long-distance Control by the described desk-top computer of operation system or portable computer by described MXI-Express control module; Described instrument module comprises the high speed matrix conversion switch, the first digital multimeter, the second digital multimeter and the weak current amplifier that adopt PXI bus; Described high speed matrix conversion switch be by a line M capable × N column matrix configuration high speed FET matrix switch, the quantity (M+1) >=4 of its row of channels R0 to RM, the quantity n of quantity (the N+1) >=microelectrode of row channel C 0 to CN, and row channel C 0 to C (n-1) connects a microelectrode in microelectrode array separately; Described first digital multimeter and the second digital multimeter are used for measuring bimetallic corrosion electric current and the bimetallic corrosion current potential of each microelectrode in microelectrode array respectively; Two row of channels of described high speed matrix conversion switch being carried out Galvanic Current measurement are connected to two electric current input measurement ends of described weak current amplifier, and two of described weak current amplifier voltage output ends are received two voltage input measurement ends of described first digital multimeter, that is, current measurement is converted to voltage measurement; Two other row of channels that described high speed matrix conversion switch carries out galvanic couple potential measurement is connected to two voltage input measurement ends of the second digital multimeter, wherein, the electronegative potential measuring junction of voltage input connects a contrast electrode, and microelectrode array and contrast electrode are all placed in the electrolyte solution of corrosion electrolytic cell; Described testing system for visualization software virtual instrument of LabVIEW is write.
The invention still further relates to a kind of Multi-channel galvanic corrosion method of testing based on microelectrode array using the above-mentioned Multi-channel galvanic corrosion test macro based on microelectrode array to carry out, the testing process of described method of testing is: 1) carry out Initialize installation according to the testing requirement of user to high speed matrix conversion switch, the first digital multimeter, the second digital multimeter and weak current amplifier, then row channel C 0 to the C (n-1) of high speed matrix conversion switch is connected to it one by one to carry out, on the first row passage of Galvanic Current measurement, realizing the coupling of all microelectrodes; 2) be coupled after the time that user specifies, the operation of following five steps has been performed one by one to row channel C 0 to C (n-1): 1. by high speed matrix conversion switch row channel C i (i=0 to n-1) disconnected from the first row passage and be connected to another and carry out in the second row of channels of Galvanic Current measurement; 2. measured the electric current flow through between the first and second row of channels by the first digital multimeter and weak current amplifier, be this passage connect the bimetallic corrosion electric current of microelectrode; 3. row channel C i being disconnected and be connected to another from the second row of channels by high speed matrix conversion switch carries out on the third line passage of galvanic couple potential measurement; 4. measure the potential difference (PD) between the third line passage and the fourth line passage connecting contrast electrode by the second digital multimeter, be this passage connect the bimetallic corrosion current potential of microelectrode; 5. by high speed matrix conversion switch row channel C i disconnected from the third line passage and be connected on the first row passage, all microelectrodes are coupled again; 3) according to flow process 2) described step, after the bimetallic corrosion electric current measuring all microelectrodes in microelectrode array and bimetallic corrosion current potential, draw out the Galvanic Current of microelectrode array and the plane distribution of galvanic couple current potential and the statistics by column average, and automatically preserve this measurement data by the test duration; 4) high speed matrix conversion switch disconnects all row of channels and row passage, hardware resources all in release module hardware testing system, closes all data files opened, exits testing system for visualization software, terminates test.
Preferably, according to the demand of user, can repeatedly repeat flow process 2) and 3) described in measure operation, obtain and demonstrate the temporal and spatial evolution of microelectrode array bimetallic corrosion behavior.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
To the method for testing that the current measurement of each microelectrode and potential measurement and carrying out the measurement of different microelectrode switches at a high speed, not only the bimetallic corrosion electric current of same microelectrode and bimetallic corrosion potential data have very high synchronism, and the synchronism of bimetallic corrosion electric current between different microelectrode and potential data also greatly improves, and can obtain information and the dynamic change thereof of bimetallic corrosion process exactly.
Hardware testing system forms by adopting the modular instrument of PXI bussing technique, is easy to build, and can support to reconfigure flexibly, and integrated level, reliability are high.
The software systems that graphic based development environment LabVIEW writes, can configure hardware systemic-function according to demand, the test logic on self-defined backstage, and the human-computer interaction interface on foreground.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Multi-channel galvanic corrosion test system hardware wiring schematic diagram based on microelectrode array technology: wherein: 1-high speed matrix conversion switch, 2-is used for measuring the first digital multimeter of bimetallic corrosion electric current, 3-is used for measuring the second digital multimeter of bimetallic corrosion current potential, 4-weak current amplifier, 5-microelectrode array, 6-contrast electrode, 7-corrodes electrolytic cell, 8-electrolyte solution.
Fig. 2 is the test process schematic diagram of the single passage of microelectrode array.
Embodiment
1) independent main control type Multi-channel galvanic corrosion test macro
This test macro is under the prerequisite not losing measuring accuracy, adopt the method for testing that the current measurement of each microelectrode in microelectrode array and potential measurement and carrying out the measurement of all microelectrodes to be measured is switched at a high speed, can obtain between the current measurement of same microelectrode and potential measurement and the bimetallic corrosion data that between the current measurement of different microelectrode and potential measurement, synchronism is very high, that is, the galvanochemistry distributed intelligence of the different microcell of microelectrode array.
Hardware testing system comprises: cabinet NI PXI-1042Q, embedded controller NI PXI-8108, portable display and keyboard annex NI PMA-1115, high speed matrix conversion switch NI PXI-2535,2 pieces of digital multimeter NI PXI-4071 and weak current amplifier NI PXI-4022.
NI PXI-1042Q is the cabinet of an accessible site NI PXI-8108, NI PMA-1115, greatly can reduce the volume of hardware testing system, maintains again the high-performance of system simultaneously.NI PXI-8108 can be used as the independent master control of system, all appts module not only in control NI PXI-1042Q, simultaneously by providing human-computer interaction interface with the connection of the peripheral hardware such as display and keyboard in NI PMA-1115, each instrument module in software testing system and NI PXI-1042Q that it runs is mutual, defines the actual functional capability of test macro.
In instrument module, NI PXI-2535 adopts 4 x 136 (1 line) matrix configuration, there is 4 row of channels (R0 ~ R3), 136 row passages (C0 ~ C135) and the switch speed up to 50000 point of crossing/seconds, and the mode of its row passage also by increasing cascade module quantity is expanded, under the control of NI PXI-8108, realize the connection between selected microelectrode and NI PXI-4071 or NI PXI-4022 test lead and disconnection.2 pieces of NI PXI-4071 are used for measuring bimetallic corrosion electric current and bimetallic corrosion current potential respectively, and can meet most bimetallic corrosion test request, the precision of wherein potential measurement is seven and half, and measurement range is 10 nV ~ 1000 V, and input impedance is greater than 10
10Ω; The precision of current measurement is six and half, and measurement range is 1 pA ~ 3 A.NI PXI-4022 is a high speed, high-precision protective device and weak current amplifier, and its sensitivity is 1 pA (100 nA range), can connect the pA level current signal that NI PXI-4071 measurement noise is fA level.
The row channel C 0 ~ C (n-1) (n is the quantity of microelectrode) of NI PXI-2535 connects each microelectrode in microelectrode array respectively.When Galvanic Current is measured, two of NI PXI-2535 row of channels (such as R2 and R3) are received two electric current input measurement ends of NI PXI-4022, and two of NI PXI-4022 voltage output ends are received two voltage input measurement ends of 1 piece of NI PXI-4071, current measurement is converted to voltage measurement; During galvanic couple potential measurement, two the voltage input measurement ends two other row of channels (such as R0 and R1) of NI PXI-2535 being received another 1 piece of digital multimeter NI PXI-4071 are measured, wherein, the electronegative potential measuring junction (such as R1) of voltage input must connect a contrast electrode.
Software testing flow is as follows: 1) carry out Initialize installation according to the testing requirement of user to NI PXI-2535,2 pieces of NI PXI-4071, NI PXI-4022, then all row channel C 0 ~ C (n-1) of NI PXI-2535 is connected to its row of channels R3 one by one, realizes the coupling of all microelectrodes.2) be coupled after the time that user specifies, following 5 step operations have been performed one by one to row channel C 0 ~ C (n-1): 1. passed through NI PXI-2535 and row channel C i (i=0 ~ n-1) is disconnected from row of channels R3 and is connected on row of channels R2; 2. the electric current by flowing through between NI PXI-4071 and NI PXI-4022 measurement row passage R2 and R3, be this passage connect the bimetallic corrosion electric current of microelectrode; 3. by NI PXI-2535 row channel C i disconnected from row of channels R2 and be connected on row of channels R0; 4. by the potential difference (PD) between the 2nd piece of NI PXI-4071 measurement row passage R0 and R1, be this passage connect the bimetallic corrosion current potential of microelectrode; 5. by NI PXI-2535 row channel C i disconnected from row of channels R0 and be connected on row of channels R3, all wire electrodes are coupled again.3) according to flow process 2) described step, after the bimetallic corrosion electric current measuring all microelectrodes in microelectrode array and bimetallic corrosion current potential, draw out the Galvanic Current of microelectrode array and the plane distribution of galvanic couple current potential and the statistics by column average, and automatically preserve this measurement data by the test duration.4) according to the demand of user, can repeatedly repeat flow process 2) and 3) described in measure operation, obtain the temporal and spatial evolution of microelectrode array bimetallic corrosion behavior.5) NI PXI-2535 disconnects all row of channels and row passage, and hardware resources all in release hardware testing system, closes all data files opened, exit software testing system, terminates test.
Independent main control type test macro provides high-performance, compact, long-lasting embedded solution, firm in structure, integrated level and reliability high, long service life, is particularly suitable for that harsh is on-the-spot to be used continuously.
2) remote control type Multi-channel galvanic corrosion test macro:
Under the prerequisite not losing measuring accuracy, adopt the method for testing that the current measurement of each microelectrode in microelectrode array and potential measurement and carrying out the measurement of all microelectrodes to be measured is switched at a high speed, can obtain between the current measurement of same microelectrode and potential measurement and the bimetallic corrosion data that between the current measurement of different microelectrode and potential measurement, synchronism is very high, that is, the galvanochemistry distributed intelligence of the different microcell of microelectrode array.
Hardware testing system comprises: cabinet NI PXI-1033, portable computer, rapid card NI PXI-ExpressCard 8360 and cable, high speed matrix conversion switch NI PXI-2532B, digital multimeter NI PXI-4062 and NI PXI-4071, weak current amplifier NI PXI-4022.
NI PXI-1033 cabinet comprises an integrated MXI-Express control module, and portable computer is connected with MXI-Express the PXI instrument module that also Long-distance Control is identical with independent main control type test macro by NI PXI-ExpressCard 8360.NI PXI-2532B, NI PXI-4062, NI PXI-4071, the effect of the instrument modules such as NI PXI-4022 is consistent with independent main control type measuring system with test lead connected mode, wherein NI PXI-2532B can by 4 × 128, 8 × 64, and 16 × 32 (1 line) or 4 × 64, 8 × 32 and 16 × 16 (2 line) matrix configuration, switch speed is 2000 point of crossing/seconds, 4 × 128 (1 line) is adopted to configure in the present invention, there are 4 row of channels (R0 ~ R3), 128 row passages (C0 ~ C127), the mode of its row passage also by increasing cascade module quantity is expanded, the connection between selected microelectrode and NI PXI-4062 or NI PXI-4022 test lead and disconnection is realized under the Long-distance Control of portable computer.NI PXI-4062 is used for the not high potential measurement of accuracy requirement, and NI PXI-4071 coordinates NI PXI-4022 to be used for the higher current measurement of accuracy requirement.Software testing flow is consistent with the test process of independent main control type test macro, does not repeat them here.
Remote control type test system structure is light small and exquisite, is convenient to move and carry, and processing power is strong, is the ideal chose of mobile model application, such as laboratory and on-road emission test etc.
Claims (2)
1., based on a Multi-channel galvanic corrosion method of testing for microelectrode array, based on the Multi-channel galvanic corrosion test macro of microelectrode array, comprising: modularized hardware test macro and testing system for visualization software; Described modularized hardware test macro is made up of cabinet, embedded controller, peripheral module, instrument module four part, described hardware testing system is independent main control type hardware testing system or remote control type hardware testing system, the cabinet of described independent main control type hardware testing system is the PXI cabinet being integrated with described embedded controller and peripheral module, and the cabinet of described remote control type hardware testing system is have integrated MXI-Express control module and by the PXI cabinet of desk-top computer or portable computer Long-distance Control; The control mode of described independent main control type hardware testing system is independently controlled by the described embedded controller of operation system, and the control mode of described remote control type hardware testing system carrys out Long-distance Control by the described desk-top computer of operation system or portable computer by described MXI-Express control module; Described instrument module comprises the high speed matrix conversion switch (1), the first digital multimeter (2), the second digital multimeter (3) and the weak current amplifier (4) that adopt PXI bus; Described high speed matrix conversion switch (1) be by a line M capable × N column matrix configuration high speed FET matrix switch, the quantity (M+1) >=4 of its row of channels R0 ~ RM, the quantity n of quantity (the N+1) >=microelectrode of row channel C 0 ~ CN, and row channel C 0 ~ C (n-1) connects a microelectrode in microelectrode array (5) separately; Described first digital multimeter (2) and the second digital multimeter (3) are used for measuring bimetallic corrosion electric current and the bimetallic corrosion current potential of each microelectrode in microelectrode array (5) respectively; Two row of channels of described high speed matrix conversion switch (1) being carried out Galvanic Current measurement are connected to two electric current input measurement ends of described weak current amplifier (4), and two voltage output ends of described weak current amplifier (4) are received two voltage input measurement ends of described first digital multimeter (2), that is, current measurement is converted to voltage measurement; Two other row of channels that described high speed matrix conversion switch (1) carries out galvanic couple potential measurement is connected to two voltage input measurement ends of the second digital multimeter (3), wherein, the electronegative potential measuring junction of voltage input connects a contrast electrode (6), and microelectrode array (5) and contrast electrode (6) are all placed in the electrolyte solution (8) of corrosion electrolytic cell (7); Described testing system for visualization software virtual instrument of LabVIEW is write;
It is characterized in that, the testing process of described method of testing is:
1) according to the testing requirement of user, Initialize installation is carried out to high speed matrix conversion switch (1), the first digital multimeter (2), the second digital multimeter (3) and weak current amplifier (4), then the row channel C 0 ~ C (n-1) of high speed matrix conversion switch (1) is connected to it one by one to carry out, on the first row passage of Galvanic Current measurement, realizing the coupling of all microelectrodes;
2) be coupled after the time that user specifies, the operation of following five steps has been performed one by one to row channel C 0 ~ C (n-1): 1. by high speed matrix conversion switch (1) row channel C i (i=0 ~ n-1) disconnected from the first row passage and be connected to another and carry out in the second row of channels of Galvanic Current measurement; 2. measure by the first digital multimeter (2) and weak current amplifier (4) electric current flow through between the first and second row of channels, be this passage connect the bimetallic corrosion electric current of microelectrode; 3. row channel C i being disconnected and be connected to another from the second row of channels by high speed matrix conversion switch (1) carries out on the third line passage of galvanic couple potential measurement; 4. the potential difference (PD) between the fourth line passage being measured the third line passage and connection contrast electrode (6) by the second digital multimeter (3), be this passage connect the bimetallic corrosion current potential of microelectrode; 5. row channel C i is disconnected from the third line passage by high speed matrix conversion switch (1) and is connected on the first row passage, all microelectrodes are coupled again;
3) according to flow process 2) described step, after the bimetallic corrosion electric current measuring all microelectrodes in microelectrode array (5) and bimetallic corrosion current potential, draw out the Galvanic Current of microelectrode array (5) and the plane distribution of galvanic couple current potential and the statistics by column average, and automatically preserve this measurement data by the test duration;
4) high speed matrix conversion switch (1) disconnects all row of channels and row passage, hardware resources all in release module hardware testing system, closes all data files opened, exits testing system for visualization software, terminates test.
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the Multi-channel galvanic corrosion method of testing of microelectrode array, it is characterized in that: according to the demand of user, can repeatedly repeat flow process 2) and 3) described in measure operation, obtain and demonstrate the temporal and spatial evolution of microelectrode array (5) bimetallic corrosion behavior.
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