CN102979307A - Temperature-controlled crack prevention construction method for concrete structure - Google Patents
Temperature-controlled crack prevention construction method for concrete structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN102979307A CN102979307A CN2012105359100A CN201210535910A CN102979307A CN 102979307 A CN102979307 A CN 102979307A CN 2012105359100 A CN2012105359100 A CN 2012105359100A CN 201210535910 A CN201210535910 A CN 201210535910A CN 102979307 A CN102979307 A CN 102979307A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a temperature-controlled crack prevention construction method for a concrete structure. The method comprises the steps of (1) arranging temperature probes on the surface of a large-size concrete pouring block to measure the temperature difference between inside and outside, the cooling rate of the large-size concrete pouring block and the environment temperature; (2) establishing a calculation model for the temperature-controlled construction scheme based on the obtained measuring result; (3) collecting the construction site parameters, and inputting the parameters into the obtained calculation model for temperature-controlled simulation calculation; and (4) comparing the temperature-controlled simulation calculation result obtained in the step (3) with the preset auxiliary expert system, repeating the step (2) to adjust the corresponding parameters when the temperature-controlled simulation calculation result obtained in the step (3) and the preset auxiliary expert system mismatch, and optimizing the temperature-controlled crack prevention construction scheme for concrete preset based on experience until the optimal temperature-controlled crack prevention construction scheme for the concrete is obtained. The temperature-controlled crack prevention construction method for the concrete structure disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the concrete is not prone to crack, the crack prevention reliability is high, and the crack prevention commonality is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the anti-cracking concrete technical field, particularly, relate to a kind of concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices.
Background technology
Current, China is in a climax stage of infrastructure construction, and each department are just at a collection of large project of design and construction, has wherein occurred and many hot issues may occur, their direct relations the benefit performance of engineering, and affect the long term growth of national economy and society.In these hot issues, the concrete structure cracking is an old problem, also is a new technology problem that paid close attention to by each side.Since concrete material occurred, the crack was prevalent in all kinds of concrete structures, such as dam, bridge, tunnel lining, sluice, pumping plant, contain, harbor work, basis etc.
The several factors such as causes of concrete cracking and material property, ambient conditions, design feature, work progress are closely related, and wherein except ambient conditions, other factors all can manual control.The most areas natural environmental condition of China is relatively poor, belongs to continent aridity weather, and amount of precipitation is few, and sunshine is strong, and day and night temperature is large, and some regional day and night temperature reaches more than 20 ℃.In recent years, along with the impact of global warming, the very possible frequency that occurs of extreme climate is more and more higher.Such ambient conditions is quite abominable for concrete engineering construction, therefore, adopts suitable Bracking-resistant method extremely important to the concrete work structure.Except the impact of environmental factor, present various new material and new job practices, construction technology constantly are applied in the concrete structure engineering construction, such as the large high performance concrete of calorific value, mobile high pumping of concrete etc., the use of these new materials and new technology bring progressive in, also concrete cracking has been produced new adverse effect.Therefore, concrete crack problem causes that also academia and engineering circles more and more pay close attention to, and does not still obtain fine solution.
For prevention of the crack and control, people can adopt from different aspects corresponding measure.Slag or flyash guaranteeing to adjust each composition volume of concrete under the prerequisite that strength on concrete material, durability, barrier properties and frost resistance etc. require, such as reducing cement consumption, mix usually in investigation of materials department, thereby reduce heat of hydration temperature rise; Or mix the Admixtures such as magnesia, reduce concrete own vol contraction etc.Structure design department carries out rational structural jointing from the length that reduces concrete structure or the angle of volume usually, reduces the generation in harmfulness crack with the method for manually establishing seam; Structure is carried out Reasonable Reinforcement, though arrangement of reinforcement can not obviously improve the tensile strength of concrete itself, can effectively control the expansion in crack.Construction department can adopt effective Temperature Control Measures to carry out anticracking in the construction period, build temperature such as reduction, adopt suitable template, carry out that surface heat preservation and inner water tube cool etc., measure in structure aspects arranges constuction joint, adopts rational sequence of construction etc.Fact proved that the temperature control measures of construction period is a very important link in the anticracking work.
At present, the abundant and deep research of can having made comparisons aspect anti-cracking concrete of investigation of materials department and structure design department can propose have from angle separately the anticracking scheme of scientific basis.The construction department capacity of scientific research relatively a little less than, often just according to standard or experience, construction period anticracking scheme is proposed.A lot of Engineering Projects of having constructed show that aspect temperature controlled anticracking, the regulation of standard and the experience of engineering are also unreliable many times.Construction enterprises need to promote self capacity of scientific research, should propose to have the construction period temperature controlled anticracking scheme of scientific basis for different engineerings.Therefore, the construction period temperature controlled anticracking stimulation optimization technology of a practicality of exploitation will be strengthened the capacity of scientific research to construction enterprises, improve technical level, and guarantee that workmanship is very helpful.
In realizing process of the present invention, the defective such as the inventor finds to exist at least in the prior art the easy crack of concrete, the anticracking reliability is low and the anticracking versatility is poor.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, for the problems referred to above, propose a kind of concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices, to realize the high and good advantage of anticracking versatility of anticracking reliability.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices mainly comprises:
⑴ arrange temp probe on the surface of casting of concrete in mass block, measures internal-external temperature difference, cooling rate and the environment temperature of casting of concrete in mass block;
⑵ set up the computation model of temperature-control construction scheme based on the measurement result of step ⑴;
⑶ gather the job site parameter that comprises cooling water pipe information, pouring layer information and ambient temperature information, and input step ⑵ gained computation model carries out the temperature control simulation calculation;
⑷ compare step ⑶ gained temperature control simulation result and default auxiliary expert system, when step ⑶ gained temperature control simulation result and default auxiliary expert system do not mate, repeatedly return step ⑵ and adjust relevant parameter, rule of thumb default Concrete Temperature Control anti-crack construction scheme is optimized, until obtain the optimal construction plan of Concrete Temperature Control anticracking.
Further, step ⑴ specifically comprises:
1. the layout scope of temp probe, take half bar axis of the selected Massive Concrete Blocks body plane figure axis of symmetry as temperature measuring area, the temperature test point is layout in temperature measuring area; When selected concreting block is cuboid, choose the short axis of symmetry of this cuboid;
2. in temperature measuring area, determine the position of temp probe according to the requirement of the distribution situation of thermal field in the concreting block and temperature control;
3. on the basic plane half bar axis of symmetry, the some position of temperature test point (being the temp probe installation site) should not be less than 4 places;
4. along Massive Concrete Blocks body thickness direction, the measuring point quantity of every bit position should be no less than 5 points;
5. insulated curing effect and environment temperature test point (being the temp probe installation site) quantity should be determined according to concrete needs;
6. solidifying soil is built the temperature of block basal surface, should be as the criterion with the temperature at the above 50mm of concreting block basal surface place; The appearance temperature of concreting block should be as the criterion with interior 50mm place temperature with the concrete appearance.
Further, step ⑴ specifically also comprises:
The selection of temperature element should meet the following requirements: the temperature measurement error of temperature element should be not more than 0.3 ℃, before temperature element is installed, must be behind immersion 24h, and screen by 1. above-mentioned-6. requirement.
Further, step ⑴ specifically also comprises:
The installation of temperature element and protection should meet the following requirements:
The temperature element installation site should be accurate, fixation, and adiabatic with structure reinforcing bars and fixed mount metallic object;
The lead-out wire of temperature element is answered centralized arrangement, and is protected;
In the concreting process, directly shock temperature measurement element and lead-out wire thereof during blanking. when vibrating, vibrator must not touch temperature element and lead-out wire thereof.
Further, step ⑴ specifically also comprises:
The monitoring temperature scheme, that is:
Temperature test adopts the higher automatic building electronic instrument for measuring temperature (0.1 ℃ of resolution ratio) of precision, and temperature data is carried out Real-time Collection, monitoring, and monitoring parameter comprises concrete molding temperature, concrete internal temperature and environment temperature;
The characteristics very fast according to the concrete in mass early warming, that post drop is slower adopt first frequently rear thermometric scheme of dredging; Concrete thermometric frequency be front 4 days every 2h thermometrics once, in 5～8 days every 4h thermometric once, in 9～13 days every 6h thermometric once, every 12h thermometric once stops monitoring after 14 days after the sole plate concrete temperature is basicly stable.
Further, step ⑵ specifically comprises:
The concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking construction expert system of application and development is carried out finite element modeling to concrete structure, and the foundation of FEM (finite element) model mainly is to be undertaken by the method for setting up hyperelement.
Further, in step ⑶, in the parameter of described job site, cooling water pipe information comprises that water pipe lays spacing, water pipe inside radius, heat emission factor, coefficient of thermal conductivity, water flowing temperature and water flowing time, and LIFT information comprises that the LIFT scope of building namely builds thickness, builds the time, builds temperature;
Obtain the operation of ambient temperature information, comprise: obtain accurate thermal insulation warming curve, specific heat, thermal diffusivity by high-end devices, or obtain concrete part thermal parameters by on-the-spot prototype test inverting, or obtain concrete part thermal parameters by test room's large-scale test block temperature value inverting.
Further, in step ⑶, the operation of described temperature control simulation calculation specifically comprises:
Calculate the thermal field, by the finite element implicit expression solution of concrete temperature field finite element method or UNSTABLE TEMPERATURE FIELD, finds the solution temperature required simulation result that is:;
Thermal field and stress field calculation that is: by the finite element method of concrete stress field or the finite element method implicit expression solution of stress field, are found the solution required stress field simulation result.
After pre-treatment was finished, namely mesh generation was complete, the calculating parameter end of input, and " thermal field calculating " or " thermal field and stress field calculation " the rear program of clicking just begins at hind computation, can see the progress of computational process from output window.
Further, in step ⑷, described default auxiliary expert system comprises the temperature control measures of a few quasi-representative structures, provides the recondition measure adjustment principle of guidance for the simulation result that does not reach the anticracking target;
Can be according to the temp probe thermometric and take Temperature history, stress duration curve, temperature and the images such as stress equivalent curve, temperature section of the Massive Concrete Blocks that the result of calculation of crack control measures provides according to the auxiliary expert system post-processing function; Unit in charge of construction can know clearly that according to these images the distribution size of concrete internal temperature and stress is whether in the stress range of concrete anticracking; As greater than concrete stress range, then this position concrete may ftracture, and should readjust the anti-crack construction scheme.
The concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices of various embodiments of the present invention, owing to mainly comprise: ⑴ arranges temp probe on the surface of casting of concrete in mass block, measures internal-external temperature difference, cooling rate and the environment temperature of casting of concrete in mass block; ⑵ set up the computation model of temperature-control construction scheme based on the gained measurement result; ⑶ gather the job site parameter that comprises cooling water pipe information, pouring layer information and ambient temperature information, and input gained computation model carries out the temperature control simulation calculation; ⑷ compare step ⑶ gained temperature control simulation result and default auxiliary expert system, when step ⑶ gained temperature control simulation result and default auxiliary expert system do not mate, repeatedly return step ⑵ and adjust relevant parameter, rule of thumb default Concrete Temperature Control anti-crack construction scheme is optimized, until obtain the optimal construction plan of Concrete Temperature Control anticracking; Can make construction enterprises can under the condition of relatively low cost, use this technology, be more Practical Project service, thereby improve the quality of concrete structure engineering, also help simultaneously the scientific research level and the technical capability that improve construction enterprises; Thereby can overcome the easy crack of concrete in the prior art, the anticracking reliability is low and the anticracking versatility is poor defective, to realize that concrete is difficult for crack, anticracking reliability height and the good advantage of anticracking versatility.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following description, and, partly from manual, become apparent, perhaps understand by implementing the present invention.
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and consists of the part of manual, is used for together with embodiments of the present invention explaining the present invention, is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is hyperelement model schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, should be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein only is used for description and interpretation the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a kind of concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices is provided, namely, provide a kind of TCAS of utilization software that concrete structure various are drafted temperature control scheme and carried out simulation calculation (in the simulation calculation can simulation concrete weather conditions, build the measures such as temperature control, external insulation, jointing and blocking) comparative analysis, optimize cost-effective temperature controlled anticracking measure, reduce concrete structure crack, improve the job practices of concrete mechanism safety.Usually, for prevention of the crack and control, people can adopt from different aspects corresponding measure.Slag or flyash guaranteeing to adjust each composition volume of concrete under the prerequisite that strength on concrete material, durability, barrier properties and frost resistance etc. require, such as reducing cement consumption, mix usually in investigation of materials department, thereby reduce heat of hydration temperature rise; Or mix the Admixtures such as magnesia, reduce concrete own vol contraction etc.Structure design department carries out rational structural jointing from the length that reduces concrete structure or the angle of volume usually, reduces the generation in harmfulness crack with the method for manually establishing seam; Structure is carried out Reasonable Reinforcement, can effectively control the expansion in crack.Construction department can carry out the concrete temperature-control construction schematic design according to concrete structure feature, job site weather conditions, material properties, construction machinery equipment, engineering construction experience in the construction period, build temperature such as reduction, adopt suitable template, carry out that surface heat preservation and inner water tube cool etc., measure in structure aspects arranges constuction joint, adopts rational sequence of construction etc.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices of present embodiment mainly comprises:
Step 1: temp probe is arranged on the surface at the casting of concrete in mass block, measures internal-external temperature difference, cooling rate and the environment temperature of casting of concrete in mass block; Specific as follows:
Pre-aligned temp probe
⑴ the layout of casting of concrete in mass block temperature test point (being the temp probe installation site).Take internal-external temperature difference, cooling rate and the environment temperature that can truly reflect concret block as principle, generally can arrange in the following manner:
1) the layout scope of temp probe is take half bar axis of the selected Massive Concrete Blocks body plane figure axis of symmetry as temperature measuring area (to the desirable short axis of symmetry of cuboid), and the temperature test point is layout in temperature measuring area;
2) in temperature measuring area, the position of temp probe can be determined according to the distribution situation of thermal field in the concreting block and the requirement of temperature control;
3) on the basic plane half bar axis of symmetry, the some position of temperature test point (being the temp probe installation site) should not be less than 4 places;
4) along Massive Concrete Blocks body thickness direction, the measuring point quantity of every bit position should be no less than 5 points;
5) insulated curing effect and environment temperature test point (being the temp probe installation site) quantity should be determined according to concrete needs;
6) solidifying soil is built the temperature of block basal surface, should be as the criterion with the temperature at the above 50mm of concreting block basal surface place; Be the appearance temperature of concreting block, should be as the criterion with interior 50mm place temperature with the concrete appearance.
⑵ the selection of temperature element should meet the following requirements: the temperature measurement error of temperature element should be not more than 0.3 ℃, before temperature element is installed, must behind immersion 24h, screen by above-mentioned requirement.
⑶ the installation of temperature element and protection should meet the following requirements:
1) the temperature element installation site should be accurate, fixation, and adiabatic with structure reinforcing bars and fixed mount metallic object;
2) lead-out wire of temperature element is answered centralized arrangement, and is protected;
3) in the concreting process, directly shock temperature measurement element and lead-out wire thereof during blanking. when vibrating, vibrator must not touch temperature element and lead-out wire thereof.
⑷ monitoring temperature scheme
1) temperature test adopts the higher automatic building electronic instrument for measuring temperature (0.1 ℃ of resolution ratio) of precision.Temperature data is carried out Real-time Collection, monitoring, and monitoring parameter comprises concrete molding temperature, concrete internal temperature and environment temperature.
2) very fast according to the concrete in mass early warming, the characteristics that post drop is slower adopt first frequently rear thermometric scheme of dredging.Concrete thermometric frequency be front 4 days every 2h thermometrics once, in 5～8 days every 4h thermometric once, in 9～13 days every 6h thermometric once, every 12h thermometric once stops monitoring after 14 days after the sole plate concrete temperature is basicly stable;
Step 2: based on step: 1 measurement result, set up the computation model of temperature-control construction scheme;
Whether this step the committed step of whole temperature control emulation aided analysis method, later parameter input and calculating all based on this computation model.Building structure model when this model also is concreting.
The concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking construction expert system software of application and development is carried out finite element modeling to concrete structure, the foundation of FEM (finite element) model mainly is to be undertaken by the method for setting up hyperelement, for the ease of calculating, model meshes as far as possible subdivision becomes hexahedral element.Basic grid is divided:
Action pane is as follows:
Add hyperelement, the numbering of adding the hyperelement node here has regulation, must add coordinate by this regulation, notes the relativeness of subdivision direction and coordinate axes, specifically referring to Fig. 1.
Node 1-8: according to the order input hyperelement node coordinate of Fig. 1;
The unit material item number: present stage can at will fail, and the user can manually add material number and input material feature in the follow-up work, can select here;
Subdivision cell type: adopt at present 8 node unit types, fill out 8, follow-uply can consider to cut open 20 nodes;
XYZ axle number of partitions: the umber that certain hyperelement is divided along X, Y, three directions of Z.
Whether divide equally: whether certain direction is equally divided into n part, clicks;
Divide size: just divide equally and do not fill out, do not divide equally the scale factor that each section inserted on this hurdle, separated by the space;
Below be an example:
The first step, input hyperelement and division information:
Second step is clicked " next one ": eject present unit number and nodes, begin to add next hyperelement.
Note whether no matter next hyperelement arranged, all need click " next one ", because the data of this step input just can be deposited in the file, for subsequent step after clicking;
In the 3rd step, click option " is read in new division "
In the 4th step, click " all dividing ": data are write two file COEL1.in and HF1.in, and the operation state storehouse generates WG.out, the following information of screen display simultaneously;
The backstage Output rusults is as scheming (rectangle in figure below is the schematic diagram of hyperelement, and the node that is used for the prompting hyperelement puts in order, and it is in main frame window that real model and grid show): input in order the hyperelement node;
In the 5th step, click and read in existing subdivision:
Read in the WG.out file that subdivision is good:
A displaying information on screen: successful reading out data!
In the 6th step, click " withdrawing from ":
At this moment, grid is presented on the screen of black background, and the grid model of default demonstration may be less, can be with amplifying, and the functions such as rotation are checked.
If read an old model of setting up in the past, directly begin to do getting final product from the 5th step of above-mentioned steps;
Step 3: gather the job site parameter that comprises cooling water pipe information, pouring layer information and ambient temperature information, input step 2 gained computation models carry out the temperature control simulation calculation;
In step 3, in the parameter of described job site, cooling water pipe information comprises that water pipe lays spacing, water pipe inside radius, heat emission factor, coefficient of thermal conductivity, water flowing temperature and water flowing time, and LIFT information comprises that the LIFT scope of building namely builds thickness, builds the time, builds temperature;
Obtain the operation of ambient temperature information, comprise: obtain accurate thermal insulation warming curve, specific heat, thermal diffusivity by high-end devices, or obtain concrete part thermal parameters by on-the-spot prototype test inverting, or obtain concrete part thermal parameters by test room's large-scale test block temperature value inverting.
The environment temperature parameter designing:
It constantly is in 1 year the 219th day that beginning among the upper figure built, here with 0 of January 1 for begin to build then the 0th day this constantly, 1 year in 365 days.Year highest temperature time be the 6.8th month this constantly, also be here take 0 of January 1 for beginning to build the 0th month this moment then.Daily maximum temperature is to occur constantly at 12 o'clock at noon every day.
The obtaining of material (concrete) thermal parameters (material unit weight, poisson's ratio, the coefficient of expansion, coefficient of thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, elasticity modulus of materials)
⑴ obtain accurate thermal insulation warming curve, specific heat, thermal diffusivity by high-end devices
Concrete grammar: in the special test block of the indoor making of the concrete experiments of specialty, adopt the concrete calorifics equipment of relevant microcomputer automatic control directly to obtain the concrete heat mathematic(al) parameter.
Advantage: need not by Inversion Calculation, can directly obtain relevant thermal parameters, precision is high.
Shortcoming: the costs such as transport of materials, test are relatively high.
⑵ obtain concrete part thermal parameters by on-the-spot prototype test inverting
Concrete grammar: pre-buried temp probe at the construction field (site), temperature survey by a period of time, the data communication devices such as the temperature that obtains, wind speed, concrete internal temperature are crossed software of the present invention carry out back analysis, obtain the calculating parameters such as Adiabatic temperature rise of concrete, cooling water pipe, surface heat exchange coefficient.
Advantage: parameter is conducive to draw more realistic result of calculation more near the job site actual conditions;
Shortcoming: the site work cost of labor is higher, and temp probe is easier to be damaged.
⑶ obtain concrete part thermal parameters by test room's large-scale test block temperature value inverting
Concrete grammar: make large-scale test block at the construction field (site) or in the test room, pre-buried temp probe, temperature survey by a period of time, the data communication devices such as the temperature that obtains, wind speed, concrete internal temperature are crossed software of the present invention carry out back analysis, obtain the calculating parameters such as Adiabatic temperature rise of concrete, cooling water pipe, surface heat exchange coefficient.
Advantage: be convenient to obtain before construction the thermal parameters of engineering site, the achievement reliability of large-scale test block is high.
Shortcoming: the experimentation cost of large-scale test block is relatively high, and on-the-spot cost of labor is higher.
In step 3, the operation of described temperature control simulation calculation specifically comprises:
Calculate the thermal field, by the finite element implicit expression solution of concrete temperature field finite element method or UNSTABLE TEMPERATURE FIELD, finds the solution temperature required simulation result that is:;
Thermal field and stress field calculation that is: by the finite element method of concrete stress field or the finite element method implicit expression solution of stress field, are found the solution required stress field simulation result.
After pre-treatment was finished, namely mesh generation was complete, the calculating parameter end of input, and " thermal field calculating " or " thermal field and stress field calculation " the rear program of clicking just begins at hind computation, can see the progress of computational process from output window.Particularly:
After pre-treatment was finished, namely mesh generation was complete, the calculating parameter end of input, and " thermal field calculating " or " thermal field and stress field calculation " the rear program of clicking just begins at hind computation, can see the progress of computational process from output window.
It is exactly the factors such as work progress, ambient conditions, material property variation and crack control measures to be carried out as far as possible accurately accurate careful Numerical Simulation calculate that concrete emulation is calculated, with the numerical solution that obtains being consistent with actual conditions.Concrete is placement layer by layer, and concrete temperature computation parameter and deformation and stress calculating parameter are with changing the length of time, so must consider exactly fully when calculating that these factors are on the impact of calculating.
3.1 concrete temperature field finite element method is found the solution
3.1.1 the basic theories of UNSTABLE TEMPERATURE FIELD
Place, any point in computational fields R, UNSTABLE TEMPERATURE FIELD T(x, y, z, t) must satisfy heat conduction equation of continuity:
In the formula:
For concrete temperature (℃), a is thermal diffusivity (m2/h),
For thermal insulation warming (℃),
Be the length of time (d),
Be time (d).
Primary condition:
(3-2)
Fringe conditions: the border in the regional R is divided three classes:
(1) first kind is the known temperature border
:
(3-3)
(2) Equations of The Second Kind is adiabatic border
:
(3-4)
The 3rd class is surperficial heat release border
:
In the formula:
For the concrete surface heat emission factor (
℃)),
For coefficient of thermal conductivity (
℃)),
For environment temperature (℃).
3.1.2 the finite element implicit expression solution of UNSTABLE TEMPERATURE FIELD
Utilize variation principle, the solution of UNSTABLE TEMPERATURE FIELD differential governing equation (3-1) under formula (3-2)～(3-5) definite condition is equivalent to following functional
Extreme-value problem.
(3-6)
With the zone
Behind finite element discretization, have:
(3-8)
In finite element method, the temperature interpolation formula at place, any point is in each unit
With formula (3-10) substitution formula (3-6), by the extremum conditions of functional
Can get the recurrence equation group of solution of Temperature, when time coordinate during with backward difference scheme, is had:
(3-11)
In the formula:
And:
(3-16)
3.2 the finite element method of concrete stress field is found the solution
3.2.1 the basic theories that stress is found the solution
The strain increment of concrete under complex stress condition mainly comprises elastic strain increment, creep strain increment, temperature strain increment, drying shrinkage strain increment and autogenous volume strain increment, therefore has:
In the formula:
Be the concrete elastic strain increment,
Be creep strain increment,
Be the temperature strain increment,
Be the drying shrinkage strain increment,
Be the autogenous volume strain increment.
The elastic strain increment
Calculated by following formula
In the formula:
(3-22)
Modulus of elasticity of concrete
General available two exponential form estimation:
The creep of concrete strain increment
Calculated by following formula
In the formula:
The concrete temperature strain increment
Tried to achieve by unstable temperature field result of calculation, can be tried to achieve by following formula after obtaining the thermal field:
In the formula:
Be the concrete heat hook coefficient of expansion,
Be the temperature difference.
The concrete shrinkage strain increment
Calculated by following formula
In the formula:
Be final drying shrinkage strain.Concrete autogenous volumetric strain increment
Can be obtained by test data fitting, the match form can adopt the form identical with the drying shrinkage strain increment mostly.
At any one time
In, can be got the physical equation of incremental form by the basic assumption of elastic creep theory:
(3-34)
3.2.2 the finite element method implicit expression solution of stress field
Can get arbitrary period by physical equation, geometric equation and equilibrium equation
In the zone
On the finite element governing equation:
(3-35)
In the formula:
Be the displacement increment on three directions of all nodes in the Ri concrete zone;
For
The equivalent node force increment that is caused by external load in period, the equivalent node force increment that causes for alternating temperature;
Be the equivalent node force increment that causes owing to drying shrinkage.
The equivalent node force increment that causes for autogenous volumetric deformation.Stack by unit obtains:
Stability matrix Ki is obtained by the stability matrix stack of unit:
Variously can try to achieve arbitrary period by above-mentioned
Interior displacement increment
, be can be regarded as by following formula again
The stress increment of interior unit:
Displacement, the stress increment of day part are added up, can try to achieve the displacement and stress fields of any time computational fields:
3.3 the unit form that finite element simulation calculates
Adopt two kinds of isoparametric elements to carry out subdivision to computer memory territory R: 8 node isoparametric hexahedron elements and 6 node Finite elements.
The shape function of 8 node hexahedral elements is:
In the formula:
Local coordinate for 8 nodes in unit.
The shape function of 6 node Finite elements is:
(5－46)
(5－50)
Because 6 node pentahedron filler cells are arranged, structure that can the various complicated shapes of simulate computational fields;
Step 4: step 3 gained temperature control simulation result and default auxiliary expert system are compared, when step ⑶ gained temperature control simulation result and default auxiliary expert system do not mate, repeatedly return step ⑵ and adjust relevant parameter, rule of thumb default Concrete Temperature Control anti-crack construction scheme is optimized, until obtain the optimal construction plan of Concrete Temperature Control anticracking.
In step 4, described default auxiliary expert system comprises the temperature control measures of a few quasi-representative structures, provides the recondition measure adjustment principle of guidance for the simulation result that does not reach the anticracking target; Specific as follows:
Can be according to the temp probe thermometric and take Temperature history, stress duration curve, temperature and the images such as stress equivalent curve, temperature section of the Massive Concrete Blocks that the result of calculation of crack control measures provides according to the auxiliary expert system post-processing function; Unit in charge of construction can know clearly that according to these images the distribution size of concrete internal temperature and stress is whether in the stress range of concrete anticracking; As greater than concrete stress range, then this position concrete may ftracture, and should readjust the anti-crack construction scheme.
According to simulation result and auxiliary expert system suggestion and measure, the temperature of drawing out and stress duration curve, characteristic cross-section temperature and stress contour, result of calculation is analyzed the various temperature control scheme of drafting of concrete structure, repeatedly tentative calculation, actual measurement duration curve and calculating duration curve trend are coincide, optimize cost-effective temperature controlled anticracking measure, reduce concrete structure crack, improve the security performance of concrete structure.
Because material (concrete) parameter has been preset parameter, what mainly adjust is the parameters of taking the temperature controlled anticracking measure, as: the cooling water pipe information parameter comprises: water pipe is laid the parameter adjustments such as spacing, water pipe inside radius, heat emission factor, coefficient of thermal conductivity, water flowing temperature, water flowing time.
LIFT information: the LIFT scope of building is namely built the thickness adjustment, builds the time adjustment, is built the temperature adjustment
The environment temperature parameter is taked the insulation adjustment of Insulation.
The concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices of above-described embodiment is carried out practical transformation with concrete unstable temperature field and stress field calculation program, and establishment has the modules such as pre-processing module, computing module and post-processing module of visualization interface.Pre-processing module is used for the necessary calculating parameter of input, and these parameters relate to material property, fringe conditions, work progress, time control.Computing module calculates concrete temperature field and stress field with the change procedure in the length of time automatically according to parameter, and the load of wherein considering in the stress field calculation has that temperature, own vol are out of shape, creep, deadweight etc.Post-processing module produces temperature and the stress duration curve of characteristic point, and thermal field and stress field isopleth.One of final formation is used for " the Concrete Temperature Control emulation assistant analysis software TCAS " of concrete construction phase temperature controlled anticracking stimulation optimization and window based operation.
Software based on the concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices of above-described embodiment, technicality is strong, simple to operate, friendly interface, can carry out High Precision Simulation calculating to Concrete Structure Temperature field and stress field according to concrete structure characteristics and the construction characteristic of Practical Project, vast engineers and technicians can independently use this software that the various temperature control scheme of drafting of concrete structure are carried out the simulation calculation comparative analysis, optimize cost-effective temperature controlled anticracking measure, reduce concrete structure crack, improve the security performance of concrete structure.
The concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices of above-described embodiment, it is a kind of Temperature Controlling of Mass Concrete emulation aided analysis method of window based operation, be mainly used in temperature control measures commonly used behind the concrete structure pouring is carried out simulation calculation, the simulation concrete weather conditions, build temperature control, external insulation, the measures such as jointing and blocking (water pipe cooling Calculation Models can the iterative computation cooling water pipe along the variation of Cheng Shuiwen), and according to the concrete structure characteristics of Practical Project and construction characteristic Concrete Structure Temperature field and stress field are carried out High Precision Simulation and calculate, the various temperature control scheme of drafting to concrete structure are carried out the simulation calculation comparative analysis, optimize cost-effective temperature controlled anticracking measure, reduce concrete structure crack, improve the security performance of concrete structure.Vast engineers and technicians can utilize this software that the various temperature control scheme of drafting of concrete structure are carried out the simulation calculation comparative analysis, optimize cost-effective temperature controlled anticracking measure, reduce concrete structure crack, improve the security performance of concrete structure.
It should be noted that at last: the above only is the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment the present invention is had been described in detail, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be made amendment to the technical scheme that aforementioned each embodiment puts down in writing, and perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices is characterized in that, mainly comprises:
⑴ arrange temp probe on the surface of casting of concrete in mass block, measures internal-external temperature difference, cooling rate and the environment temperature of casting of concrete in mass block;
⑵ set up the computation model of temperature-control construction scheme based on the measurement result of step ⑴;
⑶ gather the job site parameter, and input step ⑵ gained computation model carries out the temperature control simulation calculation;
⑷ compare step ⑶ gained temperature control simulation result and default auxiliary expert system, when step ⑶ gained temperature control simulation result and default auxiliary expert system do not mate, repeatedly return step ⑵ and adjust relevant parameter, rule of thumb default Concrete Temperature Control anti-crack construction scheme is optimized, until obtain the optimal construction plan of Concrete Temperature Control anticracking.
2. a kind of concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices according to claim 1 is characterized in that step ⑴ specifically comprises:
1. the layout scope of temp probe, take half bar axis of the selected Massive Concrete Blocks body plane figure axis of symmetry as temperature measuring area, the temperature test point is layout in temperature measuring area; When selected concreting block is cuboid, choose the short axis of symmetry of this cuboid;
2. in temperature measuring area, determine the position of temp probe according to the requirement of the distribution situation of thermal field in the concreting block and temperature control;
3. on the basic plane half bar axis of symmetry, the some position of temperature test point (being the temp probe installation site) should not be less than 4 places;
4. along Massive Concrete Blocks body thickness direction, the measuring point quantity of every bit position should be no less than 5 points;
5. insulated curing effect and environment temperature test point (being the temp probe installation site) quantity should be determined according to concrete needs;
6. solidifying soil is built the temperature of block basal surface, should be as the criterion with the temperature at the above 50mm of concreting block basal surface place; The appearance temperature of concreting block should be as the criterion with interior 50mm place temperature with the concrete appearance.
3. a kind of concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices according to claim 2 is characterized in that step ⑴ specifically also comprises:
The selection of temperature element should meet the following requirements: the temperature measurement error of temperature element should be not more than 0.3 ℃, before temperature element is installed, must be behind immersion 24h, and screen by 1. above-mentioned-6. requirement.
4. a kind of concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices according to claim 3 is characterized in that step ⑴ specifically also comprises:
The installation of temperature element and protection should meet the following requirements:
The temperature element installation site should be accurate, fixation, and adiabatic with structure reinforcing bars and fixed mount metallic object;
The lead-out wire of temperature element is answered centralized arrangement, and is protected;
In the concreting process, directly shock temperature measurement element and lead-out wire thereof during blanking. when vibrating, vibrator must not touch temperature element and lead-out wire thereof.
5. a kind of concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices according to claim 4 is characterized in that step ⑴ specifically also comprises:
The monitoring temperature scheme, that is:
Temperature test adopts the higher automatic building electronic instrument for measuring temperature (0.1 ℃ of resolution ratio) of precision, and temperature data is carried out Real-time Collection, monitoring, and monitoring parameter comprises concrete molding temperature, concrete internal temperature and environment temperature;
The characteristics very fast according to the concrete in mass early warming, that post drop is slower adopt first frequently rear thermometric scheme of dredging; Concrete thermometric frequency be front 4 days every 2h thermometrics once, in 5～8 days every 4h thermometric once, in 9～13 days every 6h thermometric once, every 12h thermometric once stops monitoring after 14 days after the sole plate concrete temperature is basicly stable.
6. a kind of concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices according to claim 1 is characterized in that step ⑵ specifically comprises:
The concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking construction expert system of application and development is carried out finite element modeling to concrete structure, and the foundation of FEM (finite element) model mainly is to be undertaken by the method for setting up hyperelement.
7. a kind of concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step ⑶, described job site parameter comprises pouring layer information and ambient temperature information.
8. a kind of concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices according to claim 7 is characterized in that, in step ⑶, described job site parameter also comprises cooling water pipe information;
In the parameter of described job site, cooling water pipe information comprises that water pipe lays spacing, water pipe inside radius, heat emission factor, coefficient of thermal conductivity, water flowing temperature and water flowing time, and LIFT information comprises that the LIFT scope of building namely builds thickness, builds the time, builds temperature;
Obtain the operation of ambient temperature information, comprise: obtain accurate thermal insulation warming curve, specific heat, thermal diffusivity by high-end devices, or obtain concrete part thermal parameters by on-the-spot prototype test inverting, or obtain concrete part thermal parameters by test room's large-scale test block temperature value inverting.
9. a kind of concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices according to claim 8 is characterized in that in step ⑶, the operation of described temperature control simulation calculation specifically comprises:
Calculate the thermal field, by the finite element implicit expression solution of concrete temperature field finite element method or UNSTABLE TEMPERATURE FIELD, finds the solution temperature required simulation result that is:;
Thermal field and stress field calculation that is: by the finite element method of concrete stress field or the finite element method implicit expression solution of stress field, are found the solution required stress field simulation result;
After pre-treatment was finished, namely mesh generation was complete, the calculating parameter end of input, and " thermal field calculating " or " thermal field and stress field calculation " the rear program of clicking just begins at hind computation, can see the progress of computational process from output window.
10. a kind of concrete structure temperature controlled anticracking job practices according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step ⑷, described default auxiliary expert system, the temperature control measures that comprises a few quasi-representative structures provides the recondition measure adjustment principle of guidance for the simulation result that does not reach the anticracking target;
According to the auxiliary expert system post-processing function, according to the temp probe thermometric with take Temperature history, stress duration curve, temperature and the images such as stress equivalent curve, temperature section of the Massive Concrete Blocks that the result of calculation of crack control measures provides; Unit in charge of construction can know clearly that according to these images the distribution size of concrete internal temperature and stress is whether in the stress range of concrete anticracking; As greater than concrete stress range, then this position concrete may ftracture, and should readjust the anti-crack construction scheme.
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| CN117863351B (en) * | 2024-03-12 | 2024-06-04 | 武汉博雅宏科技有限公司 | Control method and system for production process of assembled building component |
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