CN102976348A - Preparation method of kaolin having high colloid index - Google Patents
Preparation method of kaolin having high colloid index Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102976348A CN102976348A CN2012105467552A CN201210546755A CN102976348A CN 102976348 A CN102976348 A CN 102976348A CN 2012105467552 A CN2012105467552 A CN 2012105467552A CN 201210546755 A CN201210546755 A CN 201210546755A CN 102976348 A CN102976348 A CN 102976348A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ammoniacal liquor
- ore pulp
- colloid index
- kaolin
- high colloid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of kaolin preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of kaolin having a high colloid index. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) pulping, and dispersing; (2) desanding; (3) blanching; (4) modifying with ammonia water: adding ammonia water of which the concentration is 10-29% in percentage by mass into the ore pulp concentrated material, and then thoroughly stirring for 15-25 minutes, wherein 0.1-0.35 kg of ammonia water is added into per ton of ore pulp concentrated material; and (5) washing and drying: circularly washing and dewatering the ore pulp concentrated material subjected to ammonia water modification in the step (4), and drying the washed and dewatered ore pulp concentrated material to obtain the kaolin having a high colloid index. According to the invention, the ammonia water is added into the ore pulp concentrated material to perform modification treatment, so that the hydrophilicity, dispersity and expandability of kaolin can be changed, thereby ensuring that the colloid index of the finally prepared kaolin is higher than 90ml/15g. Thus, the prepared kaolin is especially suitable for being used as a catalyst for catalytic cracking reaction in the petrochemical industry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the kaolin preparing technical field, particularly relate to a kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method.
Background technology
In recent years, kaolin becomes tens necessary raw mineral materialss of industry such as papermaking, pottery, rubber, chemical industry, coating, medicine and national defence gradually.Usually the pure kaolin of matter have whiteness height, soft, the easy dispersion suspension of matter in water, good plasticity-, high cohesiveness and good electrical insulation capability, and have good antiacid dissolubility, very low cation exchange capacity, the physico-chemical property such as resistivity against fire preferably.Kaolin is also widespread use in modern petroleum chemical industry, especially as the catalyzer of catalytic cracking reaction.
Kaolinic colloid index refers to that kaolin and water are mixed in proportion rear adding magnesium oxide, and the volume that kaolin is condensed into gelinite is called colloid index, and its unit is (ml/15) gram soil.Colloid index shows the degree of sample particle dispersion and the degree of aquation, is dispersiveness, wetting ability and expansile general performance.At present, common kaolinic colloid index is lower than 85ml/15g soil, and require during the petroleum chemical industry catalytic cracking to be higher than 90ml/15g soil as the kaolinic colloid index of catalyzer, when existing common kaolin is difficult to satisfy the petroleum chemical industry catalytic cracking to kaolinic high colloid index requirement.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to avoid weak point of the prior art and a kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method that can improve the kaolin colloid index is provided.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method may further comprise the steps,
(1) slurrying disperses: kaolin is dissolved dispersion in water, make base-material;
(2) desanding impurity elimination: base-material is carried out desanding remove coarse grain impurity, make ore pulp primary material;
(3) bleaching: ore pulp primary material is carried out bleaching, make the ore pulp fine fodder;
(4) ammoniacal liquor modification: the adding mass percentage concentration is 10 ~ 29% ammoniacal liquor in the ore pulp fine fodder, fully stirs 15 ~ 25min again, and the ammoniacal liquor addition is that ore pulp fine fodder per ton adds 0.1 ~ 0.35kg ammoniacal liquor;
(5) washing is dry: will carry out through the ore pulp fine fodder of step (4) ammoniacal liquor modification the circulation cleaning dehydration, and the ore pulp fine fodder behind the washing dehydration is carried out drying, and make high colloid index kaolin.
Wherein, also comprise the iron removal by magnetic separation step, the iron removal by magnetic separation step is located between step (2) and the step (3), and the iron removal by magnetic separation step is removed the iron mineral of ore pulp primary material for using magnet to draw.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned steps (1), kaolin adds dispersion agent after dissolving and disperseing again in water, make base-material, strengthen the dispersiveness of kaolin in water, improve gloss, improve tinting strength and opacifying power, improve color developing and toning property, prevent floating, prevent flocculation, settlement prevention.
Wherein, dispersion agent is a kind of or two or more in six inclined to one side sodium sulfate, trisodium phosphate and the organic polypropylene.
Preferably, above-mentioned steps (4) ammoniacal liquor modification, the mass percentage concentration of ammoniacal liquor is 15 ~ 28%.
Preferably, step (4) ammoniacal liquor modification, the mass percentage concentration of ammoniacal liquor is 20 ~ 26%.
Preferred, step (4) ammoniacal liquor modification, the mass percentage concentration of ammoniacal liquor is 25%.
Preferably, in the step (4), the ammoniacal liquor addition is that ore pulp fine fodder per ton adds 0.15 ~ 0.35kg ammoniacal liquor.
Preferred, in the step (4), the ammoniacal liquor addition is that ore pulp fine fodder per ton adds 0.25kg ammoniacal liquor.
Preferably, in the step (4), churning time is 20min.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: a kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method may further comprise the steps, and (1) slurrying disperses: kaolin is dissolved dispersion in water, make base-material; (2) desanding impurity elimination: base-material is carried out desanding remove coarse grain impurity, make ore pulp primary material; (3) bleaching: ore pulp primary material is carried out bleaching, make the ore pulp fine fodder; (4) ammoniacal liquor modification: add mass percentage concentration in the ore pulp fine fodder and be 15 ~ 29% ammoniacal liquor, fully stir 15 ~ 25min again, the ammoniacal liquor addition is that ore pulp fine fodder per ton adds 0.1 ~ 0.35kg ammoniacal liquor; (5) washing is dry: will carry out through the ore pulp fine fodder of step (4) ammoniacal liquor modification the circulation cleaning dehydration, and the ore pulp fine fodder behind the washing dehydration is carried out drying, and make high colloid index kaolin.Compared with prior art, the present invention behind the completing steps (3) in the ore pulp fine fodder adding ammoniacal liquor carry out modification, change kaolinic wetting ability, dispersiveness and swelling property, the kaolin colloid index that acquisition is finally made is higher than 90ml/15g soil, is specially adapted to the catalyzer as catalytic cracking reaction in the petroleum chemical industry.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with the following Examples.
Embodiment 1.
A kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method may further comprise the steps,
(1) slurrying disperses: kaolin is dissolved dispersion in water, add the abundant dispersed with stirring of dispersion agent again, make base-material, strengthen the dispersiveness of kaolin in water, improve gloss, improve tinting strength and opacifying power, improve color developing and toning property, prevent floating, prevent flocculation, settlement prevention; The dispersion agent of present embodiment is a kind of or two or more in six inclined to one side sodium sulfate, trisodium phosphate and the organic polypropylene;
(2) desanding impurity elimination: base-material is successively carried out desanding removal coarse grain impurity through settling pit and spiral classification sand removing machine, make ore pulp primary material;
(3) bleaching: ore pulp primary material is delivered in the stirred pot, adds sulphuric acid soln and SODIUM HYDROSULPHITE sodium solution, the pH value to 2.0 of adjusting mixed solution ~ 3.0 make the ore pulp fine fodder;
(4) ammoniacal liquor modification: add mass percentage concentration in the ore pulp fine fodder and be 10 ~ 29% ammoniacal liquor, fully stir 15 ~ 25min again, the ammoniacal liquor addition is that ore pulp fine fodder per ton adds 0.1 ~ 0.35kg ammoniacal liquor;
(5) washing is dry: will carry out through the ore pulp fine fodder of step (4) ammoniacal liquor modification the circulation cleaning dehydration, and the ore pulp fine fodder behind the washing dehydration is carried out drying, and make high colloid index kaolin.
High colloid index kleit preparation method of the present invention adds ammoniacal liquor and carries out modification in the ore pulp fine fodder behind completing steps (3), because the NH that the distinctive weak base of ammoniacal liquor and hydrolysis thereof obtain
4 +Ion can effectively change kaolinic wetting ability, dispersiveness and swelling property, make the kaolin colloid index that is finally made be higher than 90ml/15g soil, be specially adapted to the catalyzer as catalytic cracking reaction in the petroleum chemical industry, satisfy the demand of petroleum chemical industry.
Embodiment 2.
A kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method of present embodiment may further comprise the steps,
(1) slurrying disperses: kaolin is dissolved dispersion in water, add the abundant dispersed with stirring of dispersion agent again, make base-material; The dispersion agent of present embodiment is a kind of or two or more in six inclined to one side sodium sulfate, trisodium phosphate and the organic polypropylene;
(2) desanding impurity elimination: base-material is successively carried out desanding removal coarse grain impurity through settling pit and spiral classification sand removing machine, make ore pulp primary material;
(3) iron removal by magnetic separation uses magnet to draw and removes the iron mineral of ore pulp primary material;
(4) bleaching: the ore pulp primary material after the iron removal by magnetic separation step process is delivered in the stirred pot, adds sulphuric acid soln and SODIUM HYDROSULPHITE sodium solution, the pH value to 2.0 of adjusting mixed solution ~ 3.0 make the ore pulp fine fodder;
(5) ammoniacal liquor modification: add mass percentage concentration in the ore pulp fine fodder and be 10 ~ 29% ammoniacal liquor, fully stir 15 ~ 25min again, the ammoniacal liquor addition is that ore pulp fine fodder per ton adds 0.1 ~ 0.35kg ammoniacal liquor;
(6) washing is dry: will carry out through the ore pulp fine fodder of step (4) ammoniacal liquor modification the circulation cleaning dehydration, and the ore pulp fine fodder behind the washing dehydration carried out filter-press dehydration, obtain the kaolin filter cake, with kaolin filter cake high temperature drying, then dried filter cake is pulverized grinding, make high colloid index kaolin.
A kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method of present embodiment has increased the iron removal by magnetic separation step, removes the iron filings of sneaking in a small amount of iron mineral of containing in the kaolin and the production process, and the ore pulp fine fodder that makes is purer, and quality product is higher.
Embodiment 3.
A kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method of present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are, the step of present embodiment (4) ammoniacal liquor modification, the mass percentage concentration of ammoniacal liquor is 10%, and the ammoniacal liquor addition is that ore pulp fine fodder per ton adds 0.15kg ammoniacal liquor, and churning time is 15min.Other steps and the principle of present embodiment are identical with embodiment 1, do not repeat them here.
Embodiment 4.
A kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method of present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are, the step of present embodiment (4) ammoniacal liquor modification, the mass percentage concentration of ammoniacal liquor is 29%, and the ammoniacal liquor addition is that ore pulp fine fodder per ton adds 0.35kg ammoniacal liquor, and churning time is 25min.Other steps and the principle of present embodiment are identical with embodiment 1, do not repeat them here.
Embodiment 5.
A kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method of present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are, the step of present embodiment (4) ammoniacal liquor modification, the mass percentage concentration of ammoniacal liquor is 15%, and the ammoniacal liquor addition is that ore pulp fine fodder per ton adds 0.2kg ammoniacal liquor, and churning time is 20min.Other steps and the principle of present embodiment are identical with embodiment 1, do not repeat them here.
Embodiment 6.
A kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method of present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are, the step of present embodiment (4) ammoniacal liquor modification, the mass percentage concentration of ammoniacal liquor is 28%, and the ammoniacal liquor addition is that ore pulp fine fodder per ton adds 0.3kg ammoniacal liquor, and churning time is 25min.Other steps and the principle of present embodiment are identical with embodiment 1, do not repeat them here.
Embodiment 7.
A kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method of present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are, the step of present embodiment (4) ammoniacal liquor modification, the mass percentage concentration of ammoniacal liquor is 25%, and the ammoniacal liquor addition is that ore pulp fine fodder per ton adds 0.25kg ammoniacal liquor, and churning time is 20min.Other steps and the principle of present embodiment are identical with embodiment 1, do not repeat them here.
Embodiment 8.
A kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method of present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are, the step of present embodiment (4) ammoniacal liquor modification, the mass percentage concentration of ammoniacal liquor is 26%, and the ammoniacal liquor addition is that ore pulp fine fodder per ton adds 0.25kg ammoniacal liquor, and churning time is 20min.Other steps and the principle of present embodiment are identical with embodiment 1, do not repeat them here.
Embodiment 9.
A kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method of present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are, the step of present embodiment (4) ammoniacal liquor modification, the mass percentage concentration of ammoniacal liquor is 20%, and the ammoniacal liquor addition is that ore pulp fine fodder per ton adds 0.25kg ammoniacal liquor, and churning time is 20min.Other steps and the principle of present embodiment are identical with embodiment 1, do not repeat them here.
Embodiment 10.
A kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method of present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are that the dispersion agent in the present embodiment step (1) and kaolinic mass ratio are 0.1:50 ~ 0.1:100.Other steps and the principle of present embodiment are identical with embodiment 1, do not repeat them here.
Should be noted that at last; above embodiment only is used for technical scheme of the present invention being described but not limiting the scope of the invention; although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention has been done detailed description; those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not break away from essence and the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind high colloid index kleit preparation method is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps,
(1) slurrying disperses: kaolin is dissolved dispersion in water, make base-material;
(2) desanding impurity elimination: described base-material is carried out desanding remove coarse grain impurity, make ore pulp primary material;
(3) bleaching: described ore pulp primary material is carried out bleaching, make the ore pulp fine fodder;
(4) ammoniacal liquor modification: the adding mass percentage concentration is 10 ~ 29% ammoniacal liquor in described ore pulp fine fodder, fully stirs 15 ~ 25min again, and the addition of described ammoniacal liquor is that ore pulp fine fodder per ton adds the described ammoniacal liquor of 0.1 ~ 0.35kg;
(5) washing is dry: will carry out through the ore pulp fine fodder of step (4) ammoniacal liquor modification the circulation cleaning dehydration, and the ore pulp fine fodder behind the washing dehydration is carried out drying, and make high colloid index kaolin.
2. a kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise the iron removal by magnetic separation step, described iron removal by magnetic separation step is located between step (2) and the step (3), and described iron removal by magnetic separation step is removed the iron mineral of ore pulp primary material for using magnet to draw.
3. a kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the above-mentioned steps (1), described kaolin adds dispersion agent after dissolving and disperseing again in water, make base-material.
4. a kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described dispersion agent is a kind of or two or more in six inclined to one side sodium sulfate, trisodium phosphate and the organic polypropylene.
5. a kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned steps (4) ammoniacal liquor modification, the mass percentage concentration of described ammoniacal liquor is 15 ~ 28%.
6. a kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described step (4) ammoniacal liquor modification, the mass percentage concentration of described ammoniacal liquor is 20 ~ 26%.
7. a kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described step (4) ammoniacal liquor modification, the mass percentage concentration of described ammoniacal liquor is 25%.
8. a kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described step (4), described ammoniacal liquor addition is that ore pulp fine fodder per ton adds the described ammoniacal liquor of 0.15 ~ 0.35kg.
9. a kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described step (4), described ammoniacal liquor addition is that ore pulp fine fodder per ton adds the described ammoniacal liquor of 0.25kg.
10. a kind of high colloid index kleit preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described step (4), churning time is 20min.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210546755.2A CN102976348B (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2012-12-17 | Preparation method of kaolin having high colloid index |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210546755.2A CN102976348B (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2012-12-17 | Preparation method of kaolin having high colloid index |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102976348A true CN102976348A (en) | 2013-03-20 |
| CN102976348B CN102976348B (en) | 2014-11-26 |
Family
ID=47850768
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210546755.2A Active CN102976348B (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2012-12-17 | Preparation method of kaolin having high colloid index |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102976348B (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104446345A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-03-25 | 吴俊荣 | Preparation method of kaolin foaming agent |
| CN104528749A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-04-22 | 江西省源通陶瓷科技有限公司 | Process for chemically whitening feldspar concentrate |
| CN106964481A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-07-21 | 揭阳恒成陶瓷科技有限公司 | The technique of mica in a kind of separation kaolin |
| CN107758677A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-06 | 龙岩高岭土有限公司 | A kind of FCC catalyst kleit preparation method |
| CN111547777A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-18 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for removing arsenic in contaminated acid by ferroferric oxide/kaolin nanocomposite |
| CN111747732A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-10-09 | 九江市璀鑫新材料有限公司 | High-tightness magnesium composite material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113683093A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-23 | 中国高岭土有限公司 | Preparation method of kaolin for cracking catalyst |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4210574A (en) * | 1976-02-04 | 1980-07-01 | Ethyl Corporation | Process for preparing filled polyvinyl chloride compositions |
| CN101392183A (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-03-25 | 中国高岭土公司 | Method for preparing kaoline products for catalytic cracking catalyst |
| CN102786818A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-11-21 | 赵曰浩 | Method for whitening kaolin by using surface cladding method |
-
2012
- 2012-12-17 CN CN201210546755.2A patent/CN102976348B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4210574A (en) * | 1976-02-04 | 1980-07-01 | Ethyl Corporation | Process for preparing filled polyvinyl chloride compositions |
| CN101392183A (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-03-25 | 中国高岭土公司 | Method for preparing kaoline products for catalytic cracking catalyst |
| CN102786818A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-11-21 | 赵曰浩 | Method for whitening kaolin by using surface cladding method |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104446345A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-03-25 | 吴俊荣 | Preparation method of kaolin foaming agent |
| CN104446345B (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2016-03-30 | 吴俊荣 | The preparation method of kaolin whipping agent |
| CN104528749A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-04-22 | 江西省源通陶瓷科技有限公司 | Process for chemically whitening feldspar concentrate |
| CN104528749B (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2016-06-15 | 江西省源通陶瓷科技有限公司 | A kind of process of feldspar concentrate chemical whitening |
| CN106964481A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-07-21 | 揭阳恒成陶瓷科技有限公司 | The technique of mica in a kind of separation kaolin |
| CN106964481B (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2018-11-23 | 揭阳恒成陶瓷科技有限公司 | The technique of mica in a kind of separation kaolin |
| CN107758677A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-06 | 龙岩高岭土有限公司 | A kind of FCC catalyst kleit preparation method |
| CN111747732A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-10-09 | 九江市璀鑫新材料有限公司 | High-tightness magnesium composite material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN111547777A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-18 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for removing arsenic in contaminated acid by ferroferric oxide/kaolin nanocomposite |
| CN113683093A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-23 | 中国高岭土有限公司 | Preparation method of kaolin for cracking catalyst |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102976348B (en) | 2014-11-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102976348B (en) | Preparation method of kaolin having high colloid index | |
| CN101798096B (en) | Method for preparing kaoline | |
| CN108584902A (en) | A kind of method of titanium white solid waste production battery level ferric pyrophosphate | |
| CN104743563B (en) | Process for purifying kaolin | |
| CN107973327B (en) | A kind of impurity-removing method of red mud wash liquor and the production method of boehmite | |
| CN101754932A (en) | Process for the production of barium sulfate | |
| CN101711973A (en) | Preparation method of modified attapulgite particle retention and filtration aid | |
| CN111269606B (en) | High-purity high-thickening easy-to-disperse nano montmorillonite used in water-based paint field and preparation method thereof | |
| CN1807263A (en) | Method for producing iron oxide black using desilicified mud cake | |
| CN109647351B (en) | Bagasse loaded iron hydroxide adsorbent and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN109665536B (en) | Method for purifying attapulgite | |
| CN103011230B (en) | Low-cost method for preparing nano calcium sulfate | |
| CN107697923B (en) | Production method for synthesizing high-activity and low-alkali-content calcium silicate | |
| CN102020286B (en) | Acid-free kaolin bleaching process method | |
| CN108584900A (en) | A kind of battery-grade iron phosphate and its collection, preparation method | |
| CN114195235B (en) | Flocculant, raw material composition thereof, and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN108558647A (en) | A kind of battery level iron oxalate and its collection, preparation method | |
| CN206828586U (en) | A kind of system that metallized pellet is prepared using red mud | |
| CN112939168A (en) | Coagulant for printing and dyeing wastewater and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110862093A (en) | Kaolin iron removal process | |
| CN102633268A (en) | Preparation method of silica sol | |
| CN107758677A (en) | A kind of FCC catalyst kleit preparation method | |
| CN116002643A (en) | Regeneration treatment method of ferric phosphate waste | |
| CN103435083A (en) | Narrowly distributed subsphaeroidal low-sulfur barium carbonate and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111646481B (en) | Kaolin for preparing heavy oil catalytic cracking catalyst and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |