CN102967541B - Device and method suitable for on-line detection of particulate matters in high-temperature gas pipeline - Google Patents
Device and method suitable for on-line detection of particulate matters in high-temperature gas pipeline Download PDFInfo
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- CN102967541B CN102967541B CN201210479293.7A CN201210479293A CN102967541B CN 102967541 B CN102967541 B CN 102967541B CN 201210479293 A CN201210479293 A CN 201210479293A CN 102967541 B CN102967541 B CN 102967541B
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method suitable for on-line detection of particulate matters in a high-temperature gas pipeline. The device comprises an on-line detection unit and a preheating sweeping unit, wherein the on-line detection unit comprises a main sampling subsystem, a secondary sampling subsystem, a particle matter grain size on-line analyzer and a first flow measurement control subsystem, which are connected in series; the secondary sampling subsystem comprises a gas flow distributor and a secondary sampling nozzle; the gas flow distributor is provided with a cavity and two gas outlets and is divided into a main path and a side path; the main path is connected with the secondary sampling nozzle, the particle matter grain size on-line analyzer and the first flow measurement control subsystem sequentially in series, and the side path is connected with a second flow measurement control subsystem in series; and the preheating sweeping unit is connected onto the pipeline between the main sampling subsystem and the secondary sampling subsystem in parallel and used for sweeping and preheating the pipeline of the whole system. The device further can comprise an off-line detection unit and a long-term on-line monitoring unit. According to the device, the long-term on-line detection of the particulate matters in the high-temperature gas pipeline can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to pipeline endoparticle thing collection analysis technology, specifically about a kind of online device and method detecting of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing that is applicable to.
Background technology
High Temperature Ceramic Filter is filter plant conventional in Coal Chemical Industry and catalytic cracking, its chimney filter fracture is the major issue facing at present, pottery chimney filter is once rupture to causing the particle concentration in pipeline to raise rapidly, the normal operation of the visual plant in serious harm downstream, such as causing blade wear of flue gas turbine expander etc., and lack at present the technology to filter outlet particle concentration Real-Time Monitoring.Therefore, high temperature filtration separation equipment being carried out to particle measures its performance to evaluate also Real-Time Monitoring pipeline endoparticle substrate concentration variation to protecting downstream visual plant significant.
For hot-gas channel endoparticle thing, measure and conventionally adopt following offline inspection and online detection at present.Offline inspection refers to by high-precision filter cylinder or filter membrane the dust collection in gas pipeline, calculates the particle concentration in pipeline, then by other particle-size analyzers, determine the particle particle diameter of collection after it is weighed.This offline inspection mode can more objectively determine pipeline endoparticle thing characteristic, and still when concentration is lower, the running time is longer, and real-time is bad.And most on-line measuring device is for adopting optical principle, can only detect at normal temperatures and pressures, if described checkout equipment for worst hot case, needs to detect by instrument after high-temperature gas cooling again, the reduction of temperature can make some gas evolution drop, cause particle to reunite, affect measurement result, and the drop condensing also can pollute optical lens.Also have at present minority instrument also can be directly used under worst hot case directly and measure, but from on-the-spot service condition, concentration too low or when too high surveying instrument measurement result inaccurate.And still lack the technology of particle long term monitoring in the application in this field, for example, monitor the outlet particle concentration of high temperature filtration separation equipment, in order to evaluate the performance of separating and filtering equipment.
Summary of the invention
Because the shortcoming that above-mentioned existing gas pipeline endoparticle quality testing survey technology exists, this case inventor is based on being engaged in related scientific research and on-site experience and professional knowledge, positive improvement and bring new ideas in addition, to realizing a kind of can direct-on-line detection and the device and method of long term monitoring hot-gas channel endoparticle thing.
One object of the present invention is to provide a kind of and is applicable to that hot-gas channel endoparticle thing is online to be detected and the device of long term monitoring, and this installs, and maintenance cost is low, and reliability is strong, can realize the mensuration of pipeline endoparticle thing characteristic, and further on-line monitoring for a long time.
Another object of the present invention is to provide and utilize described device to the online method detecting of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing, without mensuration that can canbe used on line pipeline endoparticle thing characteristic by high-temperature gas cooling, and further can realize long-term on-line monitoring.
For achieving the above object, on the one hand, the present invention proposes a kind of online device detecting of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing that is applicable to, and this device comprises:
(1) online detection unit; This online detection unit comprises main sampled subsystem, double sampling subsystem, particle particle diameter in-line analyzer and the first flow measure control subsystem being connected in series successively by pipeline; Wherein:
Described main sampled subsystem comprises the main sampling mouth of tubulose, and this main sampling mouth front end stretches in the hot-gas channel that needs to detect, to introduce the high-temperature gas sample that contains particle;
Described double sampling subsystem comprises gas flow divider and a double sampling mouth; Described flow distributor is provided with a cavity, and cavity front side arranges a gas feed, and rear side arranges two gas vents and separates main road and two pipelines of bypass; Main road is connected in series double sampling mouth, particle particle diameter in-line analyzer and first flow measure control subsystem successively, and bypass is connected in series the second flow measure control subsystem;
Main sampled subsystem is sampled in hot-gas channel, institute's gas production sample, is discharged by the double sampling mouth extraction of downstream direction and from bypass outlet respectively from flow distributor gas feed after diffusing into cavity;
(2) pre-thermal purging unit; This pre-thermal purging unit parallel connection is located on the pipeline between main sampled subsystem and double sampling subsystem, comprises heated air storage tank and hot insulated line, for the pipeline of whole system is purged and preheating.
In the present invention, the direction at described 'fornt', 'back' or " end " refers to according to gas flow upstream and downstream direction, that is, airflow direction be from " " flow direction " afterwards " or " end ".
Of the present invention being applicable in the online device detecting of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing, utilize the structural design of described flow distributor, can allow the air-flow that enters its cavity form turbulent flow in inside cavity, and then the particle in it is mixed, meet secondary sample mouth and can adopt representative sample.And, in the present invention, utilize in advance described pre-thermal purging unit to purge and preheating the pipeline of whole system, can effectively prevent that the gas cooled after sampling from making the particle agglomeration in gas and affecting measurement result.According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, the temperature of the heated air of pre-thermal purging unit approaches the temperature of sampled gas in main pipeline as much as possible, and in the hot-gas channel that signal piping is heated to detect with need as far as possible, the temperature of gas is identical.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, of the present invention being applicable in the online device detecting of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing, the cavity diameter of described flow distributor is greater than gas feed and main road outlet, the branch line of described bypass for drawing from main road; Preferably, gas feed, cavity and main road outlet are arranged on same center line; More preferably, centerline direction and the gas feed centerline direction of bypass outlet are vertical setting.
In the present invention, the object that the physical dimension of described flow distributor as long as can realize allows the air-flow of described flow distributor cavity mix in inside cavity formation turbulent flow.According to preferred version of the present invention, the ratio of the cavity diameter of described flow distributor and gas feed diameter is 2～10: 1; Cavity length (along sampling air flow direction) is 0.5～3: 1 with the ratio of cavity diameter, can suitably adjust according to gas flow rate.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, of the present invention being applicable in the online device detecting of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing, the main sampling mouth of tubulose of main sampled subsystem is retractable to the position to be measured in the hot-gas channel that needs to detect by machinery or hydraulic structure; Preferably, described main sampled subsystem also comprises with the main sampling mouth of tubulose and stretches into one or more in the following equipment in the hot-gas channel need detecting:
The sensor of energy gaging pressure and/or temperature, and/or there is the probe of measuring flow rate function.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, of the present invention being applicable in the online device detecting of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing is also serially connected with the first particle collection subsystem between the particle particle diameter in-line analyzer of online detection unit and first flow measure control subsystem.Like this, utilize the first particle collection subsystem collecting granules thing, when carrying out online detection, also can carry out off-line acquisition testing to particle, can mutually verify with the result detecting online.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, the online device detecting of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing that is applicable to of the present invention also can further comprise:
(3) offline inspection unit; This offline inspection unit comprises the second particle collection subsystem, this the second particle collection subsystem one end is connected on the pipeline between main sampled subsystem and double sampling subsystem, and the other end is connected in the bypass outlet and the pipeline between the second flow measure control subsystem of described flow distributor.The setting of offline inspection unit is mainly used for the result comparison with online detection by its testing result, checking reliability.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, the online device detecting of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing that is applicable to of the present invention also can further comprise:
(4) long-term on-line monitoring unit; This long-term on-line monitoring unit comprises sensor of dust concentration and computing machine, dust situation in the hot-gas channel that sensor of dust concentration detects for detection of need, by the particle concentration value in pipeline change into current signal transfer to computing machine to realize long-term on-line monitoring.Described long-term on-line monitoring unit and described online detection unit are for being set up in parallel.
According to this device specific embodiments of the present invention, the online device detecting of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing that is applicable to of the present invention also can comprise as required: for controlling the valve of each pipeline switch, and the temperature sensor of monitoring use, pressure transducer etc.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing has been carried out to the online method detecting, and the method is to utilize device of the present invention to detect online hot-gas channel endoparticle thing, mainly comprises step:
Utilize pre-thermal purging unit that heated air is introduced to detecting unit pipeline and purge and preheating, close afterwards pre-thermal purging cell operation;
Utilize the main sampling mouth of tubulose of online detection unit to gather gas sample in hot-gas channel, institute's gas production sample after diffusing into cavity, enters respectively main road and bypass from flow distributor gas feed;
Utilize particle particle diameter in-line analyzer to measure concentration and the particle diameter of particle in double sampling mouth institute gas production sample in main road, and utilize first flow measure control subsystem to measure and control entering the gas flow of particle particle diameter in-line analyzer, utilize the second flow measure control subsystem metering and control the flow of the unnecessary gas that enters bypass, to meet the requirement of particle particle diameter in-line analyzer self flow and online detection unit isokinetic sampling's requirement.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, in the online method detecting of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing of the present invention, it is the gas flow that enters whole online detection unit that first flow measure control gas flow that subsystem is surveyed and the second flow measure control subsystem are surveyed gas flow sum, the flow velocity of gas while obtaining entering the main sampling mouth of tubulose according to the size of the main sampling mouth of tubulose bore; In entering the hot-gas channel that the flow velocity at the main sampling mouth of tubulose place equals need to detect, during flow velocity, reach isokinetic sampling, can collect representative particle in the hot-gas channel that needs to detect.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, hot-gas channel endoparticle thing on-line measuring device of the present invention also comprises long-term on-line monitoring unit, this long-term on-line monitoring unit comprises sensor of dust concentration and computing machine, dust situation in the hot-gas channel that sensor of dust concentration detects for detection of need, by the particle concentration value in pipeline change into current signal transfer to computing machine to realize long-term on-line monitoring; Described method also comprises: utilize long-term on-line monitoring unit to calculate dust concentration C in pipeline, analyze relatively with the testing result of online detection unit; Wherein,
According to following formula, calculate dust concentration C in pipeline:
In formula, C: dust concentration in pipeline;
Δ I: current output sensor changing value;
Δ H: humidity changing value;
V: air velocity duct;
α, β, m are the sensor of dust concentration calibration coefficient for concrete dust.According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, described sensor of dust concentration is electrostatic sensor of dust concentration (abbreviation electrostatic transducer).During concrete enforcement, can study by experiment wind speed and the impact of humidity on electrostatic sensor of dust concentration output signal, further determine the electrostatic sensor of dust concentration calibration coefficient for different dusts.For example, according to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, the electrostatic sensor of dust concentration calibration coefficient for different dusts of determining is: the talcous calibration coefficient α of 800 order is that 1000, β is that 10.32, m is 2.18; The calibration coefficient α of flying dust is that 400, β is that 8.04, m is 1.88; The calibration coefficient of dust in natural gas line, α is that 400, β is that 6.07, m is 2.18.
According to above-mentioned model formation, by the variation of sensor of dust concentration output current, humidity variation and the real-time wind speed of pipeline, can determine dust concentration in pipeline and show in real time.
The derivation of the above-mentioned model formation of the present invention and verify as described below:
1, wind speed affects electrostatic transducer output signal
In environment temperature, be 15 ℃, under the experiment condition that ambient humidity is RH40%, using 800 order talcum powder, flying dust and natural gas line dust as pipeline pumped (conveying) medium, study the impact of different air velocity ducts on electrostatic sensor of dust concentration output valve.Measurement result is referring to Figure 1A, Figure 1B and Fig. 1 C.Wherein, Figure 1A, Figure 1B and Fig. 1 C are respectively the measurement result for talcum powder, flying dust and natural gas line dust.As can be seen from the figure, wind speed changes measurement result impact very remarkable, and three kinds of different dusts media present identical measurement rule.
2, humidity effect affects electrostatic transducer output current
Select 800 order talcum powder, flying dust, natural gas line dust as measuring object, at ambient humidity, be respectively under the condition of RH25%, RH44%, RH53%, RH76%, keeping wind speed in pipeline is 9.5m/s, and the corresponding electrostatic transducer output valve of different dusts concentration result is as shown below.Measurement result is referring to Fig. 2 A, Fig. 2 B and Fig. 2 C.Wherein, Fig. 2 A, Fig. 2 B and Fig. 2 C are respectively the measurement result for talcum powder, flying dust and natural gas line dust.As can be seen from the figure, humidity changes measurement result impact very remarkable, and three kinds of different dusts media present identical measurement rule.Along with the increase of ambient humidity, dust carried charge reduces.From RH25% to RH53%, dust carried charge reduces more even, yet when humidity surpasses a certain value, dust carried charge is very faint.
Under same concentrations, wind speed, with the relation of ELECTROSTATIC DUST current output sensor value, can be expressed as
ΔI＝K
1V
m (1)
Wherein, Δ I is that electrostatic transducer electric current is exported (being the poor of output valve I and initial value), K only
1for coefficient, V is air velocity duct.
Order
In the situation that other experiment conditions remain unchanged, the ratio of lnA and lnV is m value.
COEFFICIENT K
1value should determine according to the difference of the factors such as sensor amplifier circuit, dust band power.Under different wind speed, to K
1with a fixed step size, carry out iteration, K1 initial value is made as 0.001, step-length be 0.001, R by the straight linear dependence number by lnA and lnV, when R > 0.95, think that m value is the slope that is in line of lnP and lnV.
Because the electric current output of sensor is linear with dust concentration.
ΔI＝kC (4)
K is the slope of dust concentration and electric current curve of output, and C is dust concentration.Formula 4 is brought in formula 2, and inlet coefficient α, can obtain:
The variation of the electrostatic transducer electric current output causing for humidity, inlet coefficient β has:
ΔI
H＝βΔH (7)
Δ I
hfor the electric current exporting change being caused by humidity, Δ H is that humidity changes.
Comprehensive wind speed and the impact of humidity on electrostatic transducer output valve, dust concentration C can be expressed as:
In addition, pipeline pressure and temperature on above-mentioned empirical model formulae results substantially without impact.
In order to verify the accuracy of above-mentioned empirical model formula of the present invention, the present invention is 15 ℃ in environment temperature, and ambient humidity is that under RH30%, the air velocity duct experiment condition that is 6.3m/s, the 800 order talcum powder of usining are tested as pipeline pumped (conveying) medium.Employing empirical model calculates the dust sensor current output value corresponding dust concentration of institute and same experimental result (online testing result) compares, as shown in Figure 3.Relative error analysis result is referring to table 1.As can be seen from Table 1, the relative error that empirical model calculated value and electrostatic method are surveyed the experimental result of 800 order talcum powder concentration is less than ± and 5%.
Table 1 relative error analysis result
In a specific embodiments of the present invention, the online device detecting of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing that is applicable to of the present invention comprises:
(1) online detection unit; This online detection unit comprises the main sampling mouth of the tubulose being connected in series successively by pipeline, the first valve, the second valve and flow distributor; The front end of the main sampling mouth of described tubulose stretches in the hot-gas channel that needs to detect, the main sampling mouth of tubulose stretches into the junction of hot-gas channel and takes over and flange seal by pipeline, the main sampling mouth of tubulose downstream the first valve, the second valve serial connection flow distributor gas feed; Described flow distributor is provided with a cavity, and cavity one side arranges a gas feed, and opposite side arranges two gas vents and separates main road and two pipelines of bypass; Main road is connected in series double sampling mouth, the 3rd valve, particle particle diameter in-line analyzer, the first particle collection subsystem and first flow measure control subsystem successively; Bypass is connected in series the 4th valve and the second flow measure control subsystem successively; The main sampling mouth of tubulose is sampled in hot-gas channel, institute's gas production sample from flow distributor gas feed after diffusing into cavity, respectively by the double sampling mouth extraction of downstream direction and discharge from bypass;
(2) offline inspection unit; This offline inspection unit comprises the 5th valve, the second particle collection subsystem and the 6th valve being connected in series successively by pipeline, the upstream of the 5th valve is connected on the pipeline between the first valve and the second valve, and the downstream end of the 6th valve is connected on the pipeline between the 4th valve and the second flow measure control subsystem;
(3) pre-thermal purging unit; This pre-thermal purging unit comprises heated air storage tank, by the 7th valve, hot insulated line, is arranged on the pipeline between the first valve and the second valve, for the gas in hot gas storage tank being introduced to the pipeline of detecting unit before detection, purges and preheating;
(4) long-term on-line monitoring unit; This long-term on-line monitoring unit comprises sensor of dust concentration and the computing machine of serial connection, sensor of dust concentration front end pipeline stretches in the hot-gas channel need detecting for detection of the dust situation in pipeline, and by the particle concentration value in pipeline change into current signal transfer to computing machine to realize long-term on-line monitoring.
In this specific embodiments of the present invention, described online detection unit can regularly be carried out Accurate Measurement to the concentration of the particle in hot-gas channel and particle diameter; Described long-term on-line monitoring unit can be monitored the particle concentration in pipeline for a long time.Take below the particle in high-temperature flue gas pipeline detected as example and is specifically described:
First open the valve of each pipeline, utilize pre-thermal purging unit, purge gas (inert gas) after heating is purged and preheating each pipeline, to prevent that the gas cooled after sampling from making the particle agglomeration in gas affect measurement result, purge gas heating-up temperature is as far as possible identical with the temperature of sampled gas in main pipeline, and the problem after each pipeline preheating also approaches the temperature of sampled gas in main pipeline as much as possible.After preheating, close pre-thermal purging unit (closing the 7th valve), open detection system.
The main sampling mouth of described tubulose can be retractable to the ducted diverse location of high-temperature flue gas by machinery or hydraulic structure, this form is not limit, with the main sampling mouth of tubulose, go deep into can having of pipeline and there is the probe of measuring flow rate function, as its forms such as pitot tube are not limit, and also can stretch into the sensor of gaging pressure and temperature.
Dust-laden high-temperature flue gas is entered and in sampling system, is carried out particle detection by the main sampling mouth of tubulose.Detection mode is divided into two kinds, and (1) is detected online; (2) offline inspection.Two kinds of detection modes can realize by switching and the switching combination of each valve.The fundamental purpose of offline inspection is the mutual checking to online testing result, guarantees the accuracy and the reliability that detect, and off-line sampling can collect dust, for further analysis, as the analysis of composition, size-grade distribution etc.
When detecting online, open the first valve, the second valve, the 3rd valve and the 4th valve, the 5th, six, seven valves are in closed condition.Dust-laden high-temperature flue gas enters flow distributor through the first valve, the second valve, and (this portion gas can be determined concrete amount according to the demand of particle particle diameter in-line analyzer to a part of gas.General particle particle diameter in-line analyzer need to be measured under a regime flow, therefore in the present invention, double sampling subsystem is set and carries out secondary sample) by double sampling mouth, enter particle particle diameter in-line analyzer and carry out the detection of granule density and particle diameter, particle in high-temperature flue gas is after testing collected through the first particle collection subsystem, further gas is through first flow measure control subsystem, to entering the high-temperature flue gas flow of particle particle diameter in-line analyzer, measure and control, meet the requirement (now flow is constant) of particle particle diameter in-line analyzer self flow.Enter unnecessary gas in flow distributor and enter in the second flow measure control subsystem and be then disposed to safety zone through the 4th valve, the flow of gas is measured and is controlled by the second flow measure control subsystem.The gas flow size that enters flow controller by adjustment meets whole sampling system isokinetic sampling's requirement, first flow measure control subsystem institute's measurement of discharge and the second flow measure control subsystem institute measurement of discharge sum are the flow that enters whole sampling system, the flow velocity of gas while obtaining entering sampling mouth according to the large I of the main sampling mouth of tubulose bore.When entering the flow velocity at the main sampling mouth of tubulose place and equal in high-temperature flue gas pipeline flow velocity, reach isokinetic sampling, can collect particle representative in pipeline.
When sampling system switches to offline inspection, close the second valve, the 4th valve, the 5th valve, the 6th valve opening.High-temperature flue gas enters in the second particle collection subsystem by the 5th valve through the main sampling mouth sampling of tubulose, and particle is captured at this, and further gas sample enters the second flow measure control subsystem through the 6th valve, is then disposed to safety zone.The second flow measure control subsystem measures and controls the flow of sampling, meets isokinetic sampling's requirement.
Described long-term on-line monitoring unit comprises sensor of dust concentration and computing machine.Sensor of dust concentration detects the dust situation in pipeline, and the particle concentration value in pipeline is changed into current signal transfer to computing machine, can realize long-term on-line monitoring.
In addition, utilize device of the present invention, when carrying out online detection, also can carry out off-line acquisition testing to particle, can mutually verify with the result detecting online.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, described each valve version is not limit, and can be any kind that realizes described function.Described particle particle diameter in-line analyzer is for adopting the instrument of optical principle, for example, can adopt the online particle diameter spectrometer of the WELAS of Palas company series optics, utilize high temperature resistant gasoloid conduit of the prior art can realize safe and reliable operation under 650 ℃ of temperature, pressure 5MPa.Described particle collection subsystem also can adopt any particulate matter trap of realizing collecting granules thing function in prior art.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, described first flow measure control subsystem, the second flow measure control subsystem can be the instruments that integrates mass flow measurement and flow control, can be also to have the unit equipment of the valve of flow control function and the instrument combine of flow measurement function.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, the sensor of dust concentration of described long-term on-line monitoring unit is electrostatic sensor of dust concentration of the prior art, and described computing machine can be any instrument with real-time Presentation Function and substitutes.
In addition,, according to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, in high-temperature pipe endoparticle thing on-line measuring device of the present invention, described gas flow divider also can further be provided with temperature and pressure sensor, so that temperature, pressure in gas flow divider is monitored.
In sum, the invention provides a kind of online device and method detecting of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing that is applicable to, apparatus structure is simple, maintenance cost is low, reliability is strong, can be directly used in the mensuration of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing without cooling, further also can realize long-term on-line monitoring.Through practical proof, technology of the present invention is for detecting the particle in high-temperature flue gas pipeline, suitable particulates concentration change is large, from several milligrams to hundreds of milligram, particle size range is from 0.3 micron to 100 microns, all can accurately measure, and carry out off-line sampling in online detection, the two result can match.When long-term on-line monitoring, when pipeline concentration is low to moderate 1mg/m
3when following, still can measure.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following characteristics and advantage: 1. without cooling, can be directly used in the mensuration of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing, maximum operating temperature can reach 650 ℃, and having avoided high-temperature gas cooling to cause some one-tenth to analyze affects particle sizing; 2. integrated online detection and offline inspection are in one, and two kinds of detection modes can be switched, and two kinds of detection modes can be verified mutually; 3. when carrying out online detection, also can carry out off-line collection to particle, can mutually verify with the result detecting online; 4. can realize the long-term on-line monitoring of dust concentration, maintenance cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A, Figure 1B are the affect result of the different wind speed of research on electrostatic method survey dust concentration with Fig. 1 C.Wherein, Figure 1A, Figure 1B and Fig. 1 C are respectively the measurement result for talcum powder, flying dust and natural gas line dust.
Fig. 2 A, Fig. 2 B and Fig. 2 C are that research environment humidity affects electrostatic transducer output current.Wherein, Fig. 2 A, Fig. 2 B and Fig. 2 C are respectively the measurement result for talcum powder, flying dust and natural gas line dust.
Fig. 3 is for calculating the experimental result of accuracy and the comparison diagram of result of calculation of the formula of dust concentration C in pipeline in checking the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing on-line measuring device of the present invention.Wherein, 1-the first valve; 2-purge gas storage tank; 3-the 7th valve; 4-the second valve; 5-flow distributor; 6-the 3rd valve; 7-particle particle diameter in-line analyzer; 8-the first particle collection subsystem; 9-first flow meter; 10-first flow variable valve; 11-the 5th valve; 12-the second particle collection subsystem; 13-the 6th valve; 14-double sampling mouth; 15-the second flowmeter; 16-second adjustable valve; The main sampling mouth of 17-; 18-hot-gas channel; 19-the 4th valve; The electrostatic sensor of dust concentration of 20-; 21-computing machine.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of flow distributor 5 in device of the present invention.Wherein, 501-cavity; 502-gas feed; The outlet of 503-main road; 504-bypass outlet.
Fig. 6 is the catalyst particle size distribution plan that in the present invention's one specific embodiment, Coulter analyser records.
Fig. 7 is the catalyst particle size distribution plan that in the present invention's one specific embodiment, in-line analyzer records.
Fig. 8 is the catalyst microstructure photo in the present invention one specific embodiment middle filtrator downstream.
Embodiment
For technical characterictic of the present invention, object and effect being had more clearly, understand, now contrast accompanying drawing and further describe the feature of assay method of the present invention and the technique effect having, but the present invention is not therefore subject to any restriction.
Embodiment 1
Shown in Figure 4, hot-gas channel endoparticle thing on-line measuring device of the present invention, this device comprises online test section I and long-term on-line monitoring part II.Wherein:
(1) online detection unit; This online detection unit mainly comprises main sampled subsystem (comprising the main sampling mouth 17 of tubulose in figure), double sampling subsystem (comprising gas flow divider 5 and double sampling mouth 14 in figure), particle particle diameter in-line analyzer 7 and the first flow measure control subsystem (comprising the first flow meter 9, the first flow variable valve 10 that show in figure) being connected in series successively by pipeline; Particularly:
This online detection unit comprises the main sampling mouth 17 of the tubulose being connected in series successively by pipeline, the first valve 1, the second valve 2 and flow distributor 5; The front end of the main sampling mouth 17 of described tubulose stretches in the hot-gas channel 18 that needs to detect, the junction that the main sampling mouth 17 of tubulose stretches into hot-gas channel can seal by engage thread, or take over and flange seal (can adopt any feasible sealing means in prior art by pipeline, for example, one end that pipeline is taken over is fixed in the outside of the thief hatch on tested hot-gas channel, and described main sampling mouth is taken over and stretched in described hot-gas channel by described pipeline; Flange is connected with the other end that described pipeline is taken over, flange is sheathed on the outside of a sleeve pipe, described sleeve pipe is inserted in described pipeline adapter, described main sampling mouth and described return pipeline wear and are fixed on described sleeve pipe, described flange slidably fixed cover is located on described sleeve outer wall), main sampling mouth 17 downstream the first valves 1 (this first valve 1 can be used for controlling the unlatching of described sampling mouth 17 or closing) of tubulose, the second valve 4 serial connection flow distributors 5 (pressure transducer can be set, temperature sensor is monitored the interior temperature of flow distributor 5, pressure).From described flow distributor 5, separate main road and two pipelines of bypass; Main road is connected in series double sampling mouth 14, the 3rd valve 6, particle particle diameter in-line analyzer 7, the first particle collection subsystem 8 and first flow meter 9, first flow variable valve 10 successively; Bypass is connected in series the 4th valve 19 and the second flowmeter 15, second adjustable valve 16 (the second flowmeter 15, second adjustable valve 16 form the second flow measure control subsystems) successively.
Concrete structure about flow distributor 5 is shown in Figure 5, it is provided with a cavity 501, cavity front side arranges a gas feed 502, and rear side arranges two gas vents (main road outlet 503, bypass outlet 504) and separates main road and two pipelines of bypass; Wherein, cavity 501 diameters of described flow distributor are greater than gas feed 502 and main road outlet 503, the branch line of described bypass for drawing from main road; Gas feed 502, cavity 501 are arranged on same center line with main road outlet 503; The centerline direction of bypass outlet 504 and main road export 503 centerline directions and are vertical setting.Utilize the structural design of this flow distributor 5, can allow the air-flow that enters its cavity form turbulent flow in inside cavity, and then the particle in it is mixed, meet secondary sample mouth and can adopt representative sample.
(2) offline inspection unit; This offline inspection unit comprises the 5th valve 11, the second particle collection subsystem 12 and the 6th valve 13 being connected in series successively by pipeline, the upstream of the 5th valve 11 is connected on the pipeline between the first valve 1 and the second valve 4, and the downstream end of the 6th valve 13 is connected on the pipeline between the 4th valve 19 and the second flowmeter 15.
(3) pre-thermal purging unit; This pre-thermal purging unit comprises the purge gas storage tank 2 of heating, by the 7th valve 3 and hot insulated line, be arranged on the pipeline between the first valve 1 and the second valve 4, for the gas in purge gas storage tank 2 being introduced to the pipeline of detecting unit before detection, purge and preheating;
(4) long-term on-line monitoring unit; This long-term on-line monitoring unit comprises electrostatic sensor of dust concentration 20 and the computing machine 21 of serial connection, electrostatic sensor of dust concentration 21 front end pipelines stretch in the hot-gas channel 18 need detecting for detection of the dust situation in pipeline, and by the particle concentration value in pipeline change into current signal transfer to computing machine 21 to realize long-term on-line monitoring.
While utilizing device of the present invention to detect, first open the valve of each pipeline, utilize pre-thermal purging unit, inert gas in purge gas storage tank 2 after heating is purged and preheating each pipeline, to prevent that the gas cooled after sampling from making the particle agglomeration in gas affect measurement result, purge gas heating-up temperature is as far as possible identical with the temperature of sampled gas in main pipeline, and the problem after each pipeline preheating also approaches the temperature of sampled gas in main pipeline as much as possible.After preheating, close the 7th valve 3, proceed to formal trace routine.
Dust-laden high-temperature gas is entered in main sampling system and is detected by main sampling mouth 17.Detection mode is divided into online detection, and offline inspection.Two kinds of detection modes can realize by switching and the switching combination of each valve.
The present invention can carry out online detection and off-line sample detecting, the online embodiment that detects is: close the 5th valve 11 and the 6th valve 13, open the first valve 1, the second valve 4, the 3rd valve 6 and the 4th valve 19, the gas that contains particle enters into after double sampling subsystem, part gas enters main road, through 14 samplings of double sampling mouth, enter particle particle diameter in-line analyzer 7 and carry out the detection of granule density and particle diameter, particle in high-temperature gas is after testing collected through the first particle collection subsystem 8, further gas emptying after first flow meter 9 and first flow variable valve 10, first flow meter 9 and first flow variable valve 10 can measure and control entering the gas flow of particle particle diameter in-line analyzer 7, meet the requirement (now flow is constant) of particle particle diameter in-line analyzer 7 self flow.The unnecessary gas entering in flow distributor 5 enters bypass, emptying after the 4th valve 19 enters the second flowmeter 15 and second adjustable valve 16, and the flow of gas is measured and is controlled by the second flowmeter 15 and second adjustable valve 16.Main road gas flow and bypass flow sum are the flow that enters whole sampling system, the flow velocity of gas while obtaining entering sampling mouth according to the large I of main sampling mouth 17 bores of tubulose.When entering the flow velocity of the main sampling mouth of tubulose and equal in high-temperature flue gas pipeline flow velocity, reach isokinetic sampling, can collect particle representative in pipeline.
During online detection, particle is collected by the first particle collection subsystem 8 after particle particle diameter in-line analyzer 7 detects, and in the time of online detection, also can carry out off-line sampling.The particle that off-line is collected, can carry out other analyses, such as count particles concentration, take surface sweeping Electronic Speculum picture, also can be by the composition of other particle-size analyzer analysing particulates, particle diameter etc., its result can contrast with online testing result, further guarantees the accuracy of result.
When sampling system switches to offline inspection, close the second valve 4, the 4th valve 19, the five valves 11, the 6th valve 13 unlatchings.High-temperature gas enters in the second particle collection subsystem 12 by the 5th valve 11 through main sampling mouth 17 samplings of tubulose, particle is captured at this, further gas sample enters the second flowmeter 15 and second adjustable valve 16 through the 6th valve 13, is then disposed to safety zone.The flow of the second flowmeter 15 and 16 pairs of samplings of second adjustable valve measures and controls, and meets isokinetic sampling's requirement.
Described long-term on-line monitoring unit comprises sensor of dust concentration and computing machine.Sensor of dust concentration detects the dust situation in pipeline, and the particle concentration value in pipeline is changed into current signal transfer to computing machine, can realize long-term on-line monitoring.
Long-term on-line monitoring unit II comprises electrostatic sensor of dust concentration 20 and computing machine 21.Sensor of dust concentration detects the dust situation in pipeline, and the particle concentration value in pipeline is changed into current signal transfer to computing machine, can realize long-term on-line monitoring.In the present invention, according to a large amount of experiments, drawn dust concentration C in pipeline, with current output sensor changing value Δ I, the relation between humidity changing value Δ H and air velocity duct V.Be shown below:
α, β, m is calibration coefficient, the calibration coefficient of different dusts is determined referring to aforementioned.The present invention can realize the long-term on-line monitoring of dust concentration.
According to above-mentioned relation, by dust sensor output current, change, humidity variation and the real-time wind speed of pipeline can be determined dust concentration in pipeline and show in real time.
Utilize the device of the present embodiment, on Yu Mou petro-chemical corporation catalytic cracking unit, built filtering high-temperature flue gas platform, the high-temperature aerosol conduit of prior art is applied on the online particle diameter spectrometer of the WELAS of Palas company series optics, detected the particle of flue gas after high-temperature flue gas filter and concentration and contrasted with the result that switches to off-line pipeline isokinetic sampling, the two goodness of fit is fine.Adopt measuring under worst hot case that the optics on-line detector device of high-temperature aerosol conduit can be safe and reliable, measurement result is accurate.
Test operating conditions: on-stream pressure 0.21MPa, 550 ℃ of moving (constant speed) sample temperatures such as the off-line in filtrator downstream.The downstream catalyst granule density that on-line measurement instrument records and the measurement result of off-line method are as shown in table 2.
The contrast of table 2 off-line on-line measurement result
Online detect and the result of offline inspection differs very little as can be seen from the above table, deviation is less than ± and 5%.
Off-line method distributes with the catalyst particle size recording at line method:
The catalyst granules that uses Coulter particle size analyzer (Multisizer3) to obtain moving samplings such as off-lines is analyzed, and repeatedly measurement result is averaged, and obtains the measurement result that catalyst particle size distributes.As shown in Figure 6.Between filter outlet particle size range 0.7 μ m to 4 μ m, meta particle diameter 1.2 μ m.High-temperature flue gas filter can be removed catalyst granuless more than 5 μ m.
The experimental result of on-line measurement is referring to Fig. 7: detect online particle diameter and be distributed between 0.4 μ m～3.5 μ m, meta particle diameter is 1.3 μ m.
From Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, the particle diameter that online detection method obtains distributes very little with Coulter analyser measurement result difference, the catalyst particle size distribution results of using Coulter analyser to obtain has been verified the accuracy of online test method to particle particle diameter distribution measuring preferably, and this of the two existence difference is also because two kinds of apparatus measures principle differences cause.Use scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the catalyst granules micromechanism in the filtrator downstream of arriving of the moving samplings such as off-line method, also the whole particle diameter that can find out particle from Fig. 8 distributes less, all be less than 5 μ m, meet the result of online detection and the result of offline inspection, again verified the reliability of online testing result.
The foregoing is only the schematic embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit scope of the present invention.Any those skilled in the art, not departing from equivalent variations and the modification of having done under the prerequisite of design of the present invention and principle, all should belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. be applicable to the online device detecting of hot-gas channel endoparticle thing, this device comprises:
(1) online detection unit; This online detection unit comprises main sampled subsystem, double sampling subsystem, particle particle diameter in-line analyzer and the first flow measure control subsystem being connected in series successively by pipeline; Wherein:
Described main sampled subsystem comprises the main sampling mouth of tubulose, and this main sampling mouth front end stretches in the hot-gas channel that needs to detect, to introduce the high-temperature gas sample that contains particle;
Described double sampling subsystem comprises gas flow divider and a double sampling mouth; Described flow distributor is provided with a cavity, and cavity front side arranges a gas feed, and rear side arranges two gas vents and separates main road and two pipelines of bypass; Main road is connected in series double sampling mouth, particle particle diameter in-line analyzer and first flow measure control subsystem successively, and bypass is connected in series the second flow measure control subsystem;
Main sampled subsystem is sampled in hot-gas channel, institute's gas production sample, is discharged by the double sampling mouth extraction of downstream direction and from bypass outlet respectively from flow distributor gas feed after diffusing into cavity;
(2) pre-thermal purging unit; This pre-thermal purging unit parallel connection is located on the pipeline between main sampled subsystem and double sampling subsystem, comprises heated air storage tank and hot insulated line, for the pipeline of whole system is purged and preheating.
2. device according to claim 1, wherein, the cavity diameter of described flow distributor is greater than gas feed and main road outlet, the branch line of described bypass for drawing from main road; Gas feed, cavity and main road outlet are arranged on same center line; Centerline direction and the gas feed centerline direction of bypass outlet are vertical setting.
3. device according to claim 1, wherein, the main sampling mouth of the tubulose of main sampled subsystem is retractable to the position to be measured in the hot-gas channel that needs to detect by machinery or hydraulic structure; Described main sampled subsystem also comprises with the main sampling mouth of tubulose and stretches into one or more in the following equipment in the hot-gas channel need detecting:
The sensor of energy gaging pressure and/or temperature, and/or there is the probe of measuring flow rate function;
Between the particle particle diameter in-line analyzer of online detection unit and first flow measure control subsystem, be also serially connected with the first particle collection subsystem.
4. device according to claim 1, this device also comprises:
(3) offline inspection unit; This offline inspection unit comprises the second particle collection subsystem, this the second particle collection subsystem one end is connected on the pipeline between main sampled subsystem and double sampling subsystem, and the other end is connected in the bypass outlet and the pipeline between the second flow measure control subsystem of described flow distributor.
5. according to the device described in claim 1 or 4, this device also comprises:
(4) long-term on-line monitoring unit; This long-term on-line monitoring unit comprises sensor of dust concentration and computing machine, dust situation in the hot-gas channel that sensor of dust concentration detects for detection of need, by the particle concentration value in pipeline change into current signal transfer to computing machine to realize long-term on-line monitoring.
6. device according to claim 1, this device comprises for controlling the valve of each pipeline switch.
7. device according to claim 1, this device comprises:
(1) online detection unit; This online detection unit comprises the main sampling mouth of the tubulose being connected in series successively by pipeline, the first valve, the second valve and flow distributor; The front end of the main sampling mouth of described tubulose stretches in the hot-gas channel that needs to detect, the main sampling mouth of tubulose stretches into the junction of hot-gas channel and takes over and flange seal by pipeline, the main sampling mouth of tubulose downstream the first valve, the second valve serial connection flow distributor gas feed; Described flow distributor is provided with a cavity, and cavity one side arranges a gas feed, and opposite side arranges two gas vents and separates main road and two pipelines of bypass; Main road is connected in series double sampling mouth, the 3rd valve, particle particle diameter in-line analyzer, the first particle collection subsystem and first flow measure control subsystem successively; Bypass is connected in series the 4th valve and the second flow measure control subsystem successively; The main sampling mouth of tubulose is sampled in hot-gas channel, institute's gas production sample from flow distributor gas feed after diffusing into cavity, respectively by the double sampling mouth extraction of downstream direction and discharge from bypass;
(2) offline inspection unit; This offline inspection unit comprises the 5th valve, the second particle collection subsystem and the 6th valve being connected in series successively by pipeline, the upstream of the 5th valve is connected on the pipeline between the first valve and the second valve, and the downstream end of the 6th valve is connected on the pipeline between the 4th valve and the second flow measure control subsystem;
(3) pre-thermal purging unit; This pre-thermal purging unit comprises heated air storage tank, by the 7th valve, hot insulated line, is arranged on the pipeline between the first valve and the second valve, for the gas in hot gas storage tank being introduced to the pipeline of detecting unit before detection, purges and preheating;
(4) long-term on-line monitoring unit; This long-term on-line monitoring unit comprises sensor of dust concentration and the computing machine of serial connection, sensor of dust concentration front end pipeline stretches in the hot-gas channel need detecting for detection of the dust situation in pipeline, and by the particle concentration value in pipeline change into current signal transfer to computing machine to realize long-term on-line monitoring.
8. hot-gas channel endoparticle thing is carried out to the online method detecting, the method is to utilize the device described in claim 1～4,6 any one to detect online hot-gas channel endoparticle thing, comprises step:
Utilize pre-thermal purging unit that heated air is introduced to detecting unit pipeline and purge and preheating, close afterwards pre-thermal purging cell operation;
Utilize the main sampling mouth of tubulose of online detection unit to gather gas sample in hot-gas channel, institute's gas production sample after diffusing into cavity, enters respectively main road and bypass from flow distributor gas feed;
Utilize particle particle diameter in-line analyzer to measure concentration and the particle diameter of particle in double sampling mouth institute gas production sample in main road, and utilize first flow measure control subsystem to measure and control entering the gas flow of particle particle diameter in-line analyzer, utilize the second flow measure control subsystem metering and control the flow of the unnecessary gas that enters bypass, to meet the requirement of particle particle diameter in-line analyzer self flow and online detection unit isokinetic sampling's requirement.
9. method according to claim 8, wherein,
It is the gas flow that enters whole online detection unit that first flow measure control gas flow that subsystem is surveyed and the second flow measure control subsystem are surveyed gas flow sum, the flow velocity of gas while obtaining entering the main sampling mouth of tubulose according to the size of the main sampling mouth of tubulose bore; In entering the hot-gas channel that the flow velocity at the main sampling mouth of tubulose place equals need to detect, during flow velocity, reach isokinetic sampling, can collect representative particle in the hot-gas channel that needs to detect.
10. method according to claim 8 or claim 9, wherein, described device also comprises long-term on-line monitoring unit, this long-term on-line monitoring unit comprises sensor of dust concentration and computing machine, dust situation in the hot-gas channel that sensor of dust concentration detects for detection of need, by the particle concentration value in pipeline change into current signal transfer to computing machine to realize long-term on-line monitoring; Described method also comprises: utilize long-term on-line monitoring unit to calculate dust concentration C in pipeline, analyze relatively with the testing result of online detection unit; Wherein,
According to following formula, calculate dust concentration C in pipeline:
In formula, C: dust concentration in pipeline;
Δ I: current output sensor changing value;
Δ H: humidity changing value;
V: air velocity duct;
α, β, m are the sensor of dust concentration calibration coefficient for concrete dust; Wherein, the talcous calibration coefficient α of 800 order is that 1000, β is that 10.32, m is 2.18; The calibration coefficient α of flying dust is that 400, β is that 8.04, m is 1.88; The calibration coefficient of dust in natural gas line, α is that 400, β is that 6.07, m is 2.18.
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| PCT/CN2013/078329 WO2014079212A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 | 2013-06-28 | Device and method suitable for online detection of particle in gas pipeline |
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| WO2014079212A1 (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2014-05-30 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Device and method suitable for online detection of particle in gas pipeline |
| CN104280267A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2015-01-14 | 上海大学 | Fire coal emission particulate matter sampling system and fire coal emission particulate matter analysis method |
| CN107063945A (en) * | 2016-12-17 | 2017-08-18 | 广州敏远能源科技有限公司 | A kind of boiler coal-ash fineness on-line measurement apparatus and method based on image procossing |
| CN106909532B (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2022-03-04 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Method and system for analyzing correlation between ground synthetic electric field and particle size spectrum of airborne particles |
| CN107727541B (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2023-08-08 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Device and method for monitoring aerosol in pipeline and pipeline system |
| CN109459536A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-12 | 徐州治鼎环境科技有限公司 | A kind of high humidity low concentration dust generator |
| CN109855924B (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2021-07-30 | 上海交通大学 | On-line detection system for severe environment aerosol |
| CN114354054A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-15 | 东华工程科技股份有限公司 | Novel low-temperature corrosive gas online pressure or differential pressure continuous detection system |
| CN114324082A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-12 | 杭州科灵威识精密仪器有限公司 | Non-contact particle size analyzer and application method thereof |
| CN115266502A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-11-01 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Flue gas particulate matter concentration online monitoring device and method thereof |
| CN115372210A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-11-22 | 中国石油大学(华东) | System and method for testing particle size evolution of condensable particles under wet flue gas condition |
| CN115487935A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-12-20 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Process method for removing sintering flue gas particles |
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