CN102964304A - 含吡唑烷酮结构的手性氨基氰化物的制备方法 - Google Patents
含吡唑烷酮结构的手性氨基氰化物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- LEIMLDGFXIOXMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl cyanide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#N LEIMLDGFXIOXMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含吡唑烷酮结构的手性氨基氰化物的制备方法，其特征在于：以环状腙为反应物，在手性硫脲催化剂的催化下，以三甲基硅腈为氰基化试剂，以均三甲苯为溶剂，于–15℃条件下反应10-144小时，获得手性氨基氰化物。本发明所用催化剂均由工业化、廉价易得的原料制备，所用氰基化试剂毒性低，价格便宜；本发明所涉及到的反应条件温和，后处理简单方便，反应过程中无N–N键的断裂过程，无亚胺副产物生成；本发明适用的底物范围广，官能团兼容性高，立体选择性良好到优秀，为合成吡唑烷酮骨架的手性氨基氰化物提供了一种高效的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于不对称催化合成领域，具体涉及一种通过不对称Strecker反应制备手性氨基氰化物的方法。
背景技术
不对称Strecker反应是合成手性氨基酸的重要方法。自从Lipton (M. S. Iye, K. M. Gigstad, N. D. Namdev, M. Lipton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4910)和Jacobsen (M. S. Sigman, E. N. Jacobsen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5315.)小组分别以有机小分子催化剂和金属催化剂报道亚胺的不对称Strecker反应以来，大量基于不同活化模式的催化体系的报道相继涌现出来。另外，目前以醛亚胺为底物的不对称Strecker反应已经相当成熟，酮亚胺的不对称Strecker反应在最近20里也获得了长足的发展。而亚胺等价物的不对称Strecker反应发展相对缓慢，其中比较成功的有芳香醛与苯甲酰肼衍生的链状腙的不对称Strecker反应。 a) J. M. Keith, E. N. Jacobsen, Org. Lett. 2004, 6, 153; b) A. Zamfir, S. B. Tsogoeva, Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 188. 而硝酮与亚胺盐的不对称Strecker反应却未有报道，此类亚胺等价物的手性Strecker反应产物往往是通过以手性硝酮以及手性亚胺盐为反应底物获得的。
芳香醛与吡唑烷酮缩合所得的环状腙是一种分子内的亚胺盐，作为1,3偶极子，该底物在与烯烃、炔烃的不对称环加成反应中得到了广泛的应用。Shitata 和Hayashi 教授分别开发了其作为亲电试剂与TMSCF3和四苯硼酸钠的单步加成反应。a) H. Kawai, A. Kusuda, S. Nakamura, M. Shiro, N. Shitata, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 6324; b) R. Shintani, Y. T. Soh, T. Hayashi, Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 4106. 2007年，Jurij Svete课题组以手性的环状分子内盐形式的腙为底物，以现场生成的HCN为氰基化试剂发生反应。(L. Pezdirc, U. Groelj, A. Meden, B. Stanovnik, J. Svete. Tetrahedron Lett., 2007, 48, 5205.) 然而，在他们的反应条件下，氨基氰化物大都不能稳定存在，而是生成亚胺并伴随着N–N键的断裂，如下式所示：
考虑到吡唑烷酮在天然产物以及药物中的广泛存在，我们设想开发更加温和的条件以获得稳定存在的含吡唑烷酮结构的手性氨基氰化物，借以考察其可能拥有的生物活性。
发明内容
本发明的发明目的是提供一种手性氨基氰化物的制备方法，通过环状分子内亚胺盐的不对称Strecker反应实现。
为达到上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种手性氨基氰化物的制备方法，以环状腙为反应物，在手性硫脲催化剂的催化下，以三甲基硅腈为氰基化试剂，以均三甲苯为溶剂，于–15℃条件下反应10～144小时，获得手性氨基氰化物；
所述环状腙的化学结构式为：
，其中Ar选自：苯基、2-氟苯基、4-氟苯基、2-氯苯基、3-氯苯基、4-氯苯基、2-溴苯基、3-溴苯基、4-溴苯基、2-甲氧基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、3,5-二甲氧基苯基、胡椒基、4-三氟甲基苯基、2-萘基或2-呋喃基中的一种；
所述手性硫脲催化剂的化学结构式为：
；
所述手性氨基氰化物的化学结构式为：
。
上述方法可以高达99%的收率，76–97%的对映选择性得到目标化合物。原料环状腙根据文献方法由相应的芳香醛与吡唑烷酮一步合成，原料便宜易得，合成方法简单。
上述技术方案中，所述催化剂用量为底物环状腙的1～10 mol%。
优选的技术方案，以物质的量计，三甲基硅腈用量为底物的１～1.2倍。
进一步的技术方案，反应结束后，加入二氯甲烷使反应体系呈均相，直接对反应体系进行制备薄层色谱或快速柱色谱分离，薄层色谱展开剂、柱色谱流动相为体积比1∶1的乙酸乙酯/石油醚。
由于上述技术方案运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点：
1、本发明的原料环状腙可以由相应的芳香醛与吡唑烷酮一步合成，相对于现有技术中的手性吡唑烷酮亚胺，原料便宜易得；三甲基硅腈是一种毒性相对低的氰基化试剂，安全有保障；催化剂为工业化、廉价易得的产品。
2、本发明所涉及到的strecker反应条件温和，反应体系不存在N–N键的断裂过程，可有效防止同类反应中亚胺副产物的生成。
3、本发明适用的底物范围广，官能团兼容性高，立体选择性良好等到优秀，为环状腙的不对称Strecker反应提供了一种有效的方法。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述：
实施例1：
将化合物1a (0.2 mmol，34.84 mg)和手性硫脲Cat. (0.002 mmol，1.16 mg)置于具塞试管中，冷却至–15℃，小心加入三甲基硅腈(1.2 equiv, 30.54μL)，加入0.5 mL均三甲苯，在同样温度下搅拌18h。反应结束后，加入少许二氯甲烷稀释，反应体系直接用制备薄层色谱分离（展开剂为乙酸乙酯：石油醚=1：1）即可得到白色固体2a (39.04 mg)，收率为97%。
对产物进行分析，结果如下： 95.3% ee [Daicel Chiralcel AD-H, hexanes/i-PrOH = 93/7, flow rate: 1.0 mL·min-1, λ = 254.4 nm, t (major)= 40.098, t (minor)= 36.087]; [α]D 25 = -107.18 (c 0.59, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.57 – 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.48 – 7.42 (m, 3H), 4.95 (s, 1H), 3.58 (s, 1H), 3.53 – 3.44 (m, 1H), 2.65 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 175.44, 131.07, 129.75, 129.15, 128.30, 116.99, 62.75, 49.27, 29.79 ppm; IR (KBr) nmax: 3451.3, 3189.5, 2200.1, 1692.3, 1072.1, 929.6, 699.9 cm-1; ESI-MS (%): m/z = 202.1 [M+H]+; HRMS (ESI): m/z = 202.0965 (calcd for C11H11N3O+H+ = 202.0975). 以上数据证明所得化合物确为化合物2a。
实施例2：
将化合物1b (0.2 mmol，38.43 mg)和手性硫脲Cat. (0.002 mmol，1.16 mg)置于具塞试管中，冷却至–15℃，小心加入三甲基硅腈(1.2 equiv, 30.54μL)，加入0.5 mL均三甲苯，在同样温度下搅拌3d。反应结束后，加入少许二氯甲烷稀释，反应体系直接用制备薄层色谱分离（展开剂为乙酸乙酯：石油醚=1：1)即可得到白色固体2b (42.97 mg)，收率为98%。
对产物进行分析，结果如下：91.5% ee [Daicel Chiralcel AD-H, hexanes/i-PrOH = 85/15, flow rate: 1.0 mL·min-1, λ = 254.4 nm, t (major)= 20.234, t (minor)= 13.614]; [α]D 25 = -89.57 (c 0.23, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 7.64 (t, J = 7.32 Hz, 1H), 7.55 – 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.21 – 7.12 (m, 1H), 5.19 (s, 1H), 3.80 – 3.61 (m, 1H), 3.60 – 3.44 (m, 1H), 2.75 (s, 1H), 2.61 – 2.46 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC3) δ = 175.74, 158.61, 132.20, 132.08, 130.18, 124.88, 118.91, 118.74, 116.39, 116.28, 116.00, 56.50, 49.96, 29.63 ppm; IR (KBr) nmax: 3460.3, 3158.1, 2848.9, 2114.2, 1697.3, 1494.7, 1094.7, 944.6, 804.9, 665.9 cm-1; ESI-MS (%): m/z = 220.1 [M+H]+; HRMS (ESI): m/z = 220.0881 (calcd for C11H10FN3O+H+ = 220.0881). 以上数据证明所得化合物确为化合物2b。
实施例3：
将化合物1c (0.2 mmol，38.43 mg)和手性硫脲Cat. (0.002 mmol，1.16 mg)置于具塞试管中，冷却至–15℃，小心加入三甲基硅腈(1.2 equiv, 30.54μL)，加入0.5 mL均三甲苯，在同样温度下搅拌23h。反应结束后，加入少许二氯甲烷稀释，反应体系直接用制备薄层色谱分离（展开剂为乙酸乙酯：石油醚=1：1）即可得到白色固体2c (41.65 mg)，收率为95%。
对产物进行分析，结果如下：94.8% ee [Daicel Chiralcel AD-H, hexanes/i-PrOH = 85/15, flow rate: 1.0 mL·min-1, λ = 254.4 nm, t (major)= 17.480, t (minor)= 23.212]; [α]D 25 = -106.25 (c 0.32, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 7.61 – 7.42 (m, 2H), 7.12 (t, J = 8.44 Hz, 2H), 4.87 (s, 1H), 3.83 – 3.35 (m, 2H), 2.62 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 175.53, 164.99, 161.68, 130.29, 130.18, 127.01, 116.88, 116.38, 116.09, 62.12, 49.21, 29.75 ppm; IR (KBr) nmax: 3457.9, 3154.4, 2020.4, 1692.9, 1422.8, 1084.5, 862.4, 638.1 cm-1; ESI-MS (%): m/z = 220.1 [M+H]+; HRMS (ESI): m/z = 220.0886 (calcd for C11H10FN3O+H+ = 220.0881). 以上数据证明所得化合物确为化合物2c。
实施例4：
将化合物1d (0.2 mmol，41.72 mg)和手性硫脲Cat. (0.002 mmol，1.16 mg)置于具塞试管中，冷却至–15℃，小心加入三甲基硅腈(1.2 equiv, 30.54μL)，加入0.5 mL均三甲苯，在同样温度下搅拌10h。反应结束后，加入少许二氯甲烷稀释，反应体系直接用制备薄层色谱分离（展开剂为乙酸乙酯：石油醚=1：1）即可得到白色固体2d（46.17 mg)，收率为98%。
对产物进行分析，结果如下：88.5% ee [Daicel Chiralcel AD-H, hexanes/i-PrOH = 85/15, flow rate: 1.0 mL·min-1, λ = 254.4 nm, t (major)= 28.720, t (minor)= 16.028]; [α]D 25 = -100.27 (c 0.38, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 7.73 – 7.65 (m, 1H), 7.49 – 7.43 (m, 1H), 7.42 – 7.34 (m, 2H), 5.33 (s, 1H), 3.74 – 3.57 (m, 1H), 3.55 – 3.38 (m, 1H), 2.86 – 2.69 (m, 1H), 2.67 – 2.45 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 175.72, 134.27, 131.38, 130.35, 130.30, 129.15, 127.61, 116.63, 59.76, 50.09, 29.67 ppm; IR (KBr) nmax: 3464.8, 3168.3, 2098.8, 1708.1, 1458.9, 1040.3, 942.0, 753.5, 650.6 cm-1; ESI-MS (%): m/z = 236.1 (100) and 238.1 (38) [M+H]+ for 35Cl and 37Cl isotopic pattern; HRMS (ESI): m/z = 236.0575 (calcd for C11H10ClN3O+H+ = 236.0585). 以上数据证明所得化合物确为化合物2d。
实施例5：
将化合物1e (0.2 mmol，41.72 mg)和手性硫脲Cat. (0.002 mmol，1.16 mg)置于具塞试管中，冷却至–15℃，小心加入三甲基硅腈(1.2 equiv, 30.54μL)，加入0.5 mL均三甲苯，在同样温度下搅拌10h。反应结束后，加入少许二氯甲烷稀释，反应体系直接用制备薄层色谱分离（展开剂为乙酸乙酯：石油醚=1：1）即可得到白色固体2e (46.17 mg)，收率为98%。
对产物进行分析，结果如下：96.7% ee [Daicel Chiralcel AD-H, hexanes/i-PrOH = 85/15, flow rate: 1.0 mL·min-1, λ = 254.4 nm, t (major)= 13.448, t (minor)= 11.605]; [α]D 25 = -105.28 (c 0.36, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.47 – 7.36 (m, 3H), 4.94 (s, 1H), 3.79 – 3.32 (m, 2H), 2.69 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 175.50, 135.01, 133.09, 130.47, 129.97, 128.37, 126.44, 116.55, 62.22, 49.34, 29.76 ppm; IR (KBr) nmax: 3476.6, 3186.5, 2239.4, 1694.9, 1427.8, 1083.6, 1016.779, 892.2, 677.9, cm-1; ESI-MS (%): m/z = 236.1 (100) and 238.1 (38) [M+H]+ for 35Cl and 37Cl isotopic pattern; HRMS (ESI): m/z = 236.0582 (calcd for C11H10ClN3O+H+ = 236.0585). 以上数据证明所得化合物确为化合物2e。
实施例6：
将化合物1f (0.2 mmol，41.72 mg)和手性硫脲Cat. (0.002 mmol，1.16 mg)置于具塞试管中，冷却至–15℃，小心加入三甲基硅腈(1.2 equiv, 30.54μL)，加入0.5 mL均三甲苯，在同样温度下搅拌20h。反应结束后，加入少许二氯甲烷稀释，反应体系直接用制备薄层色谱分离（展开剂为乙酸乙酯：石油醚=1：1）即可得到白色固体2f (46.65 mg)，收率为99%。
对产物进行分析，结果如下：92.5% ee [Daicel Chiralcel AD-H, hexanes/i-PrOH = 85/15, flow rate: 1.0 mL·min-1, λ = 254.4 nm, t (major)= 28.720, t (minor)= 16.028]; [α]D 25 = -110.94 (c 0.32, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 7.57 – 7.34 (m, 4H), 4.90 (s, 1H), 3.76 – 3.37 (m, 2H), 2.90 – 2.42 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 175.47, 135.96, 129.60, 129.43, 116.61, 62.29, 49.44, 29.71 ppm; IR (KBr) nmax: 3449.7, 3173.0, 2238.9, 1685.2, 1408.2 1088.1, 858.3, 685.3 cm-1; ESI-MS (%): m/z = 236.1 (100) and 238.1 (38) [M+H]+ for 35Cl and 37Cl isotopic pattern; HRMS (ESI): m/z = 236.0574 (calcd for C11H10ClN3O+H+ = 236.0585). 以上数据证明所得化合物确为化合物2f。
实施例7：
将化合物1g (0.2 mmol，50.62 mg)和手性硫脲Cat. (0.002 mmol，1.16 mg)置于具塞试管中，冷却至–15℃，小心加入三甲基硅腈(1.2 equiv, 30.54μL)，加入0.5 mL均三甲苯，在同样温度下搅拌72h。反应结束后，加入少许二氯甲烷稀释，反应体系直接用制备薄层色谱分离（展开剂为乙酸乙酯：石油醚=1：1）即可得到白色固体2g (55.44 mg)，收率为99%。
对产物进行分析，结果如下：95.4% ee [Daicel Chiralcel AD-H, hexanes/i-PrOH = 85/15, flow rate: 1.0 mL·min-1, λ = 210.8 nm, t (major)= 13.285, t (minor)= 11.663]; [α]D 25 = -50.57 (c 0.44, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, J = 7.68 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J = 7.96 Hz, 1H), 7.48 – 7.38 (m, 1H), 7.37 – 7.28 (m, 1H), 5.30 (s, 1H), 3.76 – 3.58 (m, 1H), 3.53 – 3.35 (m, 1H), 2.90 – 2.68 (m, 1H), 2.66 – 2.43 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 175.59, 133.61, 131.45, 130.72, 130.32, 128.13, 124.51, 116.55, 61.99, 49.91, 29.58 ppm; IR (KBr) nmax: 3467.6, 3187.1, 2239.9, 1693.9, 1431.2, 1024.3, 943.8, 758.2 cm-1; ESI-MS (%): m/z = 280.0 (94) and 282.0 (100) [M+H]+ for 79Br and 81Br isotopic pattern; HRMS (ESI): m/z = 280.0072 (calcd for C11H10BrN3O+H+ = 280.0080). 以上数据证明所得化合物确为化合物2g。
实施例8：
将化合物1h (0.2 mmol，50.62 mg)和手性硫脲Cat. (0.002 mmol，1.16 mg)置于具塞试管中，冷却至–15℃，小心加入三甲基硅腈(1.2 equiv, 30.54μL)，加入0.5 mL均三甲苯，在同样温度下搅拌72h。反应结束后，加入少许二氯甲烷稀释，反应体系直接用制备薄层色谱分离（展开剂为乙酸乙酯：石油醚=1：1）即可得到白色固体2h (55.44 mg)，收率为99%。
对产物进行分析，结果如下：96.6% ee [Daicel Chiralcel AD-H, hexanes/i-PrOH = 85/15, flow rate: 1.0 mL·min-1, λ = 254.4 nm, t (major)= 12.783, t (minor)= 18.109]; [α]D 25 = -72.80 (c 0.50, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.32 (bs, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.56 (d, J = 7.52 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J = 7.32 Hz, 1H), 7.39 – 7.29 (m, 1H), 4.93 (s, 1H), 3.81 – 3.26 (m, 2H), 2.68 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 175.36, 133.20, 132.84, 131.13, 130.61, 126.80, 123.02, 116.36, 62.10, 49.32, 29.67 ppm; IR (KBr) nmax: 3451.6, 3167.0, 2239.5, 1689.2, 1418.0, 1079.1, 936.9, 874.7, 785.5 cm-1; ESI-MS (%): m/z = 280.0 (94) and 282.0 (100) [M+H]+ for 79Br and 81Br isotopic pattern; HRMS (ESI): m/z = 280.0069 (calcd for C11H10BrN3O+H+ = 280.0080). 以上数据证明所得化合物确为化合物2h。
实施例9：
将化合物1i (0.2 mmol，50.62 mg)和手性硫脲Cat. (0.002 mmol，1.16 mg)置于具塞试管中，冷却至–15℃，小心加入三甲基硅腈(1.2 equiv, 30.54μL)，加入0.5 mL均三甲苯，在同样温度下搅拌72h。反应结束后，加入少许二氯甲烷稀释，反应体系直接用制备薄层色谱分离（展开剂为乙酸乙酯：石油醚=1：1）即可得到白色固体2i (55.32 mg)，收率为97%。
对产物进行分析，结果如下：96.6% ee [Daicel Chiralcel AD-H, hexanes/i-PrOH = 85/15, flow rate: 1.0 mL·min-1, λ = 254.4 nm, t (major)= 12.783, t (minor)= 18.109]; [α]D 25 = -96.36 (c 0.33, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.72 (s, 1H), 7.56 (d, J = 8.28 Hz, 2H), 7.40 (d, J = 8.20 Hz, 2H), 4.92 (s, 1H), 3.84 – 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.63 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 175.67, 132.60, 130.39, 130.10, 124.35, 116.79, 62.57, 50.18, 29.92 ppm; IR (KBr) nmax: 3436.8, 3150.1, 2293.6, 1679.7, 1481.3, 1080.1, 937.5, 865.1, 718.5 cm-1; ESI-MS (%): m/z = 280.0 (94) and 282.0 (100) [M+H]+ for 79Br and 81Br isotopic pattern; HRMS (ESI): m/z = 280.0074 (calcd for C11H10BrN3O+H+ = 280.0080). 以上数据证明所得化合物确为化合物2i。
实施例10：
将化合物1j (0.2 mmol，40.85 mg)和手性硫脲Cat. (0.002 mmol，1.16 mg)置于具塞试管中，冷却至–15℃，小心加入三甲基硅腈(1.2 equiv, 30.54μL)，加入0.5 mL均三甲苯，在同样温度下搅拌5d。反应结束后，加入少许二氯甲烷稀释，反应体系直接用制备薄层色谱分离（展开剂为乙酸乙酯：石油醚=1：1）即可得到白色固体2j (44.51 mg)，收率为95%。
对产物进行分析，结果如下：90.1% ee [Daicel Chiralcel AD-H, hexanes/i-PrOH = 85/15, flow rate: 1.0 mL·min-1, λ = 254.4 nm, t (major)= 34.166, t (minor)= 16.694]; [α]D 25 = -114.38 (c 0.32, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 7.54 (d, J = 7.40 Hz, 1H), 7.48 – 7.37 (m, 1H), 7.11 – 7.01 (m, 2H), 6.93 (d, J = 8.28 Hz, 1H), 5.29 (s, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.71 – 3.58 (m, 1H), 3.55 – 3.41 (m, 1H), 2.69 (s, 1H), 2.59 – 2.40 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 175.45, 156.76, 131.52, 129.79, 120.97, 119.54, 117.33, 111.23, 56.43, 55.89, 49.99, 29.71 ppm; IR (KBr) nmax: 3491.6, 3168.8, 2835.1, 2032.4, 1706.6, 1471.0, 1095.6, 1021.8, 837.7, 749.8, 654.9 cm-1; ESI-MS (%): m/z = 232.1 [M+H]+; HRMS (ESI): m/z = 232.1072 (calcd for C12H13N3O2+H+ = 232.1081). 以上数据证明所得化合物确为化合物2j。
实施例11：
将化合物1k (0.2 mmol，40.85 mg)和手性硫脲Cat. (0.002 mmol，1.16 mg)置于具塞试管中，冷却至–15℃，小心加入三甲基硅腈(1.2 equiv, 30.54μL)，加入0.5 mL均三甲苯，在同样温度下搅拌6d。反应结束后，加入少许二氯甲烷稀释，反应体系直接用制备薄层色谱分离（展开剂为乙酸乙酯：石油醚=1：1）即可得到白色固体2k (44.44 mg)，收率为97%。
对产物进行分析，结果如下：82.7% ee [Daicel Chiralcel AD-H, hexanes/i-PrOH = 85/15, flow rate: 1.0 mL·min-1, λ = 254.4 nm, t (major)= 15.166, t (minor)= 23.874]; [α]D 25 = -96.99 (c 0.47, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.25 (brs, 1H), 7.43 (d, J = 8.04 Hz, 2H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.00 Hz, 2H), 4.89 (s, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.59 – 3.32 (m, 2H), 2.60 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 175.35, 160.60, 129.66, 122.96, 117.10, 114.50, 62.23, 55.39, 49.10, 29.74 ppm; IR (KBr) nmax: 3449.0, 3180.1, 2230.0, 1683.8, 1407.6, 1249.5, 1023.7, 841.1, 647.9 cm-1; ESI-MS (%): m/z = 232.1 [M+H]+; HRMS (ESI): m/z = 232.1075 (calcd for C12H13N3O2+H+ = 232.1081). 以上数据证明所得化合物确为化合物2k。
实施例12：
将化合物1l (0.2 mmol，46.85 mg)和手性硫脲Cat. (0.002 mmol，1.16 mg)置于具塞试管中，冷却至–15℃，小心加入三甲基硅腈(1.2 equiv, 30.54μL)，加入0.5 mL均三甲苯，在同样温度下搅拌6d。反应结束后，加入少许二氯甲烷稀释，反应体系直接用制备薄层色谱分离（展开剂为乙酸乙酯：石油醚=1：1）即可得到白色固体2l (51.21 mg)，收率为98%。
对产物进行分析，结果如下：90.1% ee [Daicel Chiralcel AD-H, hexanes/i-PrOH = 85/15, flow rate: 1.0 mL·min-1, λ = 254.4 nm, t (major)= 21.059, t (minor)= 24.922]; [α]D 25 = -80.44 (c 0.23, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 6.66 (d, J = 1.36 Hz, 2H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 4.84 (s, 1H), 3.82 (s, 6H), 3.68 – 3.41 (m, 2H), 2.65 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 175.32, 161.23, 133.15, 116.80, 106.12, 101.57, 62.85, 55.53, 49.34, 29.76 ppm; IR (KBr) nmax: 3446.5, 3158.5, 2243.6, 1687.8, 1461.5, 1065.4, 834.4, 747.1, 690.9 cm-1; ESI-MS (%): m/z = 262.1 [M+H]+; HRMS (ESI): m/z = 262.1175 (calcd for C13H15N3O3+H+ = 262.1186). 以上数据证明所得化合物确为化合物2l。
实施例13：
将化合物1m (0.2 mmol，43.64 mg)和手性硫脲Cat. (0.002 mmol，1.16 mg)置于具塞试管中，冷却至–15℃，小心加入三甲基硅腈(1.2 equiv, 30.54μL)，加入0.5 mL均三甲苯，在同样温度下搅拌5d。反应结束后，加入少许二氯甲烷稀释，反应体系直接用制备薄层色谱分离（展开剂为乙酸乙酯：石油醚=1：1）即可得到白色固体2m (45.61 mg)，收率为93%。
对产物进行分析，结果如下：85.1% ee [Daicel Chiralcel AD-H, hexanes/i-PrOH = 85/15, flow rate: 1.0 mL·min-1, λ = 210.8 nm, t (major)= 20.523, t (minor)= 22.498]; [α]D 25 = -94.81 (c 0.14, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.00 (bs, 1H), 7.06 – 6.92 (m, 2H), 6.83 (d, J = 7.68 Hz, 1H), 6.01 (s, 2H), 4.82 (s, 1H), 3.70 – 3.32 (m, 2H), 2.64 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 180.44, 148.90, 148.44, 124.69, 122.17, 116.84, 112.61, 108.46, 101.70, 62.55, 49.66, 29.66 ppm; IR (KBr) nmax: 3433.7, 3155.1, 2292.3, 1960.2, 1683.0, 1498.2, 1240.9, 1031.9, 921.4, 797.9 cm-1; ESI-MS (%): m/z = 246.1 [M+H]+; HRMS (ESI): m/z = 246.0868 (calcd for C12H11N3O3+H+ = 246.0873). 以上数据证明所得化合物确为化合物2m。
实施例14：
将化合物1n (0.2 mmol，48.44 mg)和手性硫脲Cat. (0.002 mmol，1.16 mg)置于具塞试管中，冷却至–15℃，小心加入三甲基硅腈(1.2 equiv, 30.54μL)，加入0.5 mL均三甲苯，在同样温度下搅拌20h。反应结束后，加入少许二氯甲烷稀释，反应体系直接用制备薄层色谱分离（展开剂为乙酸乙酯：石油醚=1：1）即可得到白色固体2n (48.46 mg)，收率为90%。
对产物进行分析，结果如下：90.3% ee [Daicel Chiralcel AD-H, hexanes/i-PrOH = 85/15, flow rate: 1.0 mL·min-1, λ = 210.8 nm, t (major)= 9.580, t (minor)= 12.821]; [α]D 25 = -78.18 (c 0.17, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.68 (bs, 1H), 7.78 – 7.62 (m, 4H), 5.03 (s, 1H), 3.79 – 3.28 (m, 2H), 2.65 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 175.71, 135.18, 132.41, 132.08, 129.00, 128.93, 126.44, 126.41, 125.16, 122.45, 116.59, 62.80, 49.99, 29.85 ppm; IR (KBr) nmax: 3439.2, 3176.1, 2238.4, 1689.9, 1421.8, 1328.1, 1016.7, 937.6, 875.0, 808.2, 659.6 cm-1; ESI-MS (%): m/z = 270.1 [M+H]+; HRMS (ESI): m/z = 270.0840 (calcd for C12H10F3N3O+H+ = 270.0849). 以上数据证明所得化合物确为化合物2n。
实施例15：
将化合物1o (0.2 mmol，44.85 mg)和手性硫脲Cat. (0.002 mmol，1.16 mg)置于具塞试管中，冷却至–15℃，小心加入三甲基硅腈(1.2 equiv, 30.54μL)，加入0.5 mL均三甲苯，在同样温度下搅拌6d。反应结束后，加入少许二氯甲烷稀释，反应体系直接用制备薄层色谱分离（展开剂为乙酸乙酯：石油醚=1：1）即可得到白色固体2o (49.75 mg)，收率为99%。
对产物进行分析，结果如下：87.3% ee [Daicel Chiralcel AD-H, hexanes/i-PrOH = 85/15, flow rate: 1.0 mL·min-1, λ = 254.4 nm, t (major)= 14.979, t (minor)= 17.002]; [α]D 25 = -83.14 (c 0.26, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.94 – 7.77 (m, 3H), 7.54 (d, J = 5.76 Hz, 3H), 5.07 (s, 1H), 3.83 – 3.29 (m, 2H), 2.62 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 175.38, 133.55, 132.88, 129.24, 128.46, 128.29, 127.93, 127.76, 127.30, 126.95, 125.12, 117.01, 62.98, 49.25, 29.75 ppm; IR (KBr) nmax: 33449.9, 3151.5, 3039.5, 2007.5, 1684.8, 1426.7, 1371.6, 1079.2, 859.2, 751.3, 632.9 cm-1; ESI-MS (%): m/z = 252.1 [M+H]+; HRMS (ESI): m/z = 252.1123 (calcd for C15H13N3O2+H+ = 252.1131). 以上数据证明所得化合物确为化合物2o。
实施例16：
将化合物1p (0.2 mmol，32.83 mg)和手性硫脲Cat.（0.02 mmol，11.57 mg)置于具塞试管中，冷却至–15℃，小心加入三甲基硅腈(1.2 equiv, 30.54μL)，加入0.5 mL均三甲苯，在同样温度下搅拌20h。反应结束后，加入少许二氯甲烷稀释，反应体系直接用制备薄层色谱分离（展开剂为乙酸乙酯：石油醚=1：1）即可得到白色固体2p (37.85 mg)，收率为99%。
对产物进行分析，结果如下：75.9% ee [Daicel Chiralcel AD-H, hexanes/i-PrOH = 85/15, flow rate: 1.0 mL·min-1, λ = 254.4 nm, t (major)= 16.289, t (minor)= 26.215]; [α]D 25 = -66.82 (c 0.22, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 7.59 (s, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 6.61 (d, J = 3.04 Hz, 1H), 6.48 – 6.39 (m, 1H), 4.93 (s, 1H), 3.64 (s, 1H), 3.59 – 3.48 (m, 1H), 2.50 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 175.74, 144.59, 144.03, 115.27, 111.98, 111.19, 56.17, 49.51, 29.57 ppm; IR (KBr) nmax: 3455.6, 3151.1, 1696.0, 1499.4, 1311.8, 1072.0, 954.8, 760., 607.1 cm-1; ESI-MS (%): m/z = 192.1 [M+H]+; HRMS (ESI): m/z = 192.0770 (calcd for C9H9N3O2+H+ = 192.0768). 以上数据证明所得化合物确为化合物2p。
Claims (4)
1.一种含吡唑烷酮结构的手性氨基氰化物的制备方法，其特征在于：以环状腙为反应物，在手性硫脲催化剂的催化下，以三甲基硅腈为氰基化试剂，以均三甲苯为溶剂，于–15℃条件下反应10～144小时，获得手性氨基氰化物；
所述环状腙的化学结构式为： 
，其中Ar选自：苯基、2-氟苯基、4-氟苯基、2-氯苯基、3-氯苯基、4-氯苯基、2-溴苯基、3-溴苯基、4-溴苯基、2-甲氧基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、3,5-二甲氧基苯基、胡椒基、4-三氟甲基苯基、2-萘基或2-呋喃基中的一种；
所述手性硫脲催化剂的化学结构式为：
；
所述手性氨基氰化物的化学结构式为：
。
2.根据权利要求1所述手性氨基氰化物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述催化剂用量为底物环状腙的1～10 mol%。
3.根据权利要求1所述手性氨基氰化物的制备方法，其特征在于：以物质的量计，三甲基硅腈用量为底物的1～1.2倍。
4.根据权利要求1所述手性氨基氰化物的制备方法，其特征在于：反应结束后，加入二氯甲烷使反应体系呈均相，直接对反应体系进行制备薄层色谱或快速柱色谱分离，薄层色谱展开剂、柱色谱流动相为体积比1∶1的乙酸乙酯/石油醚混合液。
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| CN106188078B (zh) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-04-03 | 苏州大学 | 一种手性螺环羟吲哚‑苯并吡喃‑酮并‑3,4‑二氢‑吡喃化合物的合成方法 |
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