CN102962450A - Vacuum sintering method used in powder metallurgy process - Google Patents
Vacuum sintering method used in powder metallurgy process Download PDFInfo
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- CN102962450A CN102962450A CN201210534002XA CN201210534002A CN102962450A CN 102962450 A CN102962450 A CN 102962450A CN 201210534002X A CN201210534002X A CN 201210534002XA CN 201210534002 A CN201210534002 A CN 201210534002A CN 102962450 A CN102962450 A CN 102962450A
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Abstract
A vacuum sintering method used in the powder metallurgy process relates to a sintering method for preparing alloy or ceramic containing high-vapor-pressure volatile components by adopting the powder metallurgy method. The vacuum sintering method is characterized by comprising the steps of mixing and pressing raw powder into pressed compacts, then placing the pressed compacts into a capped sintering box body and sintering in a vacuum sintering furnace. The vacuum sintering method used in the powder metallurgy process can effectively inhibit volatilization of the high-vapor-pressure components, can surely acquire materials in predetermined stoichiometric proportions in the vacuum sintering process, and ensures the performance of the prepared material as the materials obtained through sintering can not deviate the predetermined stoichiometric proportions.
Description
Technical field
A kind of vacuum sintering method of powder metallurgy process relates to a kind of powder metallurgic method preparation and contains the alloy of high vapour pressure component volatilization element or the sintering method of pottery.
Background technology
Powdered metallurgical material and ceramic material have been widely used in fields such as industry, agricultural, medical treatment, scientific researches, and vacuum-sintering is one of main method of preparation powdered metallurgical material and ceramic material.The method for preparing sintered alloy material and ceramic material normally with material powder batch mixing, the pressed compact of alloy material and ceramic material, is then carried out vacuum-sintering in vacuum sintering furnace.Because in the vacuum-sintering process, high vapour pressure component can produce volatilization, when with vacuum sintering method sinter powder metal alloy material or sintering multicomponent ceramic material, because the vapour pressure of each component is different, the component that vapour pressure is higher is volatilized easily, thereby the material that sintering is obtained departs from predetermined stoicheiometry, and then affects the performance of material.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the deficiency that exists for above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of can the high vapour pressure component volatilization of establishment, in the vacuum-sintering process, can guarantee to obtain the vacuum sintering method of the powder metallurgy process of predetermined chemical proportioning material.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of vacuum sintering method of powder metallurgy process, it is characterized in that sintering process be with material powder through batch mixing, be pressed into pressed compact, place airtight sintering casing, in vacuum sintering furnace, carry out again sintering.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described sinter box body structure comprises: box-like matrix and the cover plate of adding a cover edge on box-like matrix that the upper end is uncovered.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described pressed compact places sintering casing centre position, is being pressed into the coverture of filling in blank and the sinter box body space space.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that the described blank that is pressed into places the sintering casing by stent support.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that containing in the described coverture component and the inert component identical with high vapour pressure element in the pressed compact, and inertia is schmigel; And/or quartz sand; And/or graphite powder.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that placing being pressed under the blank of sintering casing by stent support, also is placed with and puts crucible, fills the component identical with high vapour pressure element in the pressed compact in the crucible.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described support is to force down and do not make with the material of pressed compact generation high-temperature chemical reaction with steam.Make of corundum, or make of graphite.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described support makes of corundum, or makes of graphite.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that describedly forcing down with steam and not making with the material of described high vapour pressure component generation high-temperature chemical reaction at crucible.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that describedly making of corundum at crucible, or makes of graphite.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that being filled with in the sintering process protectiveness carrier gas in vacuum drying oven, the air pressure in intensification and the sintering process in the vacuum drying oven reaches 10
-2Pa-10
5Pa.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that in the sintering process, and shove charge also vacuumizes and reaches 10
-3Pa or higher after, heat up and sintering process in, with 0.1-2m
3The speed of/min is filled with the protectiveness carrier gas continuously, and by regulating the aperture of vacuum valve, makes the air pressure in the vacuum drying oven remain on 10
-1-10
3Pa.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is inert gas.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is argon gas.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is nitrogen.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is hydrogen.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is carbon monoxide.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is oxidizing gas.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is carbon dioxide.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is steam.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is the mist of inert gas and reducibility gas.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is the mist of argon gas and natural gas.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is the mist of argon gas and carbon monoxide.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is the mist of inert gas and oxidizing gas.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is the mist of argon gas and steam.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is the mist of nitrogen and reducibility gas.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is the mist of nitrogen and hydrogen.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is the mist of nitrogen and oxidizing gas.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is the mist of nitrogen and oxygen.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention can bring following at least a beneficial effect.
(1) can in the vacuum-sintering process, suppress the volatilization of high vapour pressure component in the pressed compact.Because contain the component identical with high vapour pressure component in the coverture, in the heat tracing process, these identical components flash to steam, thereby have suppressed the volatilization of high vapour pressure component in the pressed compact;
(2) for the sintering of powdered metallurgical material, can the acceleration of sintering process, shorten sintering time, enhance productivity.Powdered metallurgical material is made with metal dust, in the processes such as batch mixing, mold pressing, there is oxidation inevitably in metal dust, contain reducibility gas in the controllable gas, can make metal powder reduction oxidized at initial stage of sintering, thereby obtain active very high newborn metal dust, acceleration of sintering;
(3) can realize cleaning sintering, because be filled with controllable gas in the vacuum drying oven can dilution powder powder metallurgy material pressed compact and/or the ceramic material pressed compact in the bonding agent that discharges etc. decompose the gas that produces, make heating in the vacuum drying oven, insulation material, supportive device etc. avoid polluting, also can dilute simultaneously the gaseous material that heating, insulation material, supportive device etc. discharge because of volatilization, decomposition, it is contaminated that powdered metallurgical material and/or ceramic material are exerted oneself, thereby realize the cleaning sintering.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention; the high vapour pressure component volatilization of energy establishment; can guarantee to obtain predetermined chemical proportioning material in the vacuum-sintering process, the material that sintering obtains does not depart from predetermined stoicheiometry, guarantees to prepare the performance of material.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the compacting blank of method of the present invention when placing the sintering casing;
Fig. 2 is the another kind of structural representation of the compacting blank of method of the present invention when placing the sintering casing;
Fig. 3 is the process chart of the embodiment 2 of the inventive method;
Fig. 4 is the process chart of the embodiment 1 of the inventive method.
The specific embodiment
A kind of vacuum sintering method of powder metallurgy process, its sintering process are that material powder is placed airtight sintering casing through batch mixing, the pressed compact 1 that is pressed into, carry out sintering in vacuum sintering furnace again; Described sinter box body structure comprises: box-like matrix 2 and the cover plate 3 of adding a cover edge on box-like matrix that the upper end is uncovered.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention, described pressed compact place sintering casing centre position, the coverture of filling in pressed compact and sinter box body space space.
The vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process of the present invention, described pressed compact support by support 5 and place the sintering casing; Place being pressed under the blank of sintering casing by stent support, also be placed with and put crucible 6, fill the component 7 that suppresses high vapour pressure component volatilization in the pressed compact in the crucible.
Operating process may further comprise the steps
Vanning: pressed compact is packed in the sinter box;
Cover: with coverture pressed compact is covered fully, and cover cover plate;
Shove charge: the sintering casing that pressed compact will be housed is packed in the vacuum sintering furnace;
Vacuumize: be evacuated to air pressure less than 10
-3Pa;
Sintering.
In the method for the invention, coverture contains inert component, preferentially, can contain schmigel; And/or quartz sand; And/or graphite powder.
In one embodiment of the invention, coverture contains high vapour pressure component, preferentially, can contain the high vapour pressure component identical with high vapour pressure component in the described pressed compact.
In the method for the invention, with support powdered metallurgical material pressed compact and/or ceramic material pressed compact are supported on sinter box; Wherein, support forces down with steam and does not make with the material of described pressed compact generation high-temperature chemical reaction, preferentially, can make of corundum, also can make of graphite.
In the method for the invention, with the high vapour pressure component of crucible splendid attire and be placed in the sinter box; Wherein, crucible forces down with steam and does not make with the material of described high vapour pressure component generation high-temperature chemical reaction, preferentially, can make of corundum, also can make of graphite; Wherein, high vapour pressure component is identical with high vapour pressure component in the described pressed compact.
In the method for the invention, in vacuum drying oven, be filled with the protectiveness carrier gas, make the air pressure in intensification and the sintering process reach 10
-2Pa-10
5Pa.
In the method for the invention, the volume of vacuum drying oven is 3m
3, shove charge also vacuumizes and reaches 10
-3Behind the Pa, in intensification and sintering process, with 0.5m
3The speed of/min is filled with the protectiveness carrier gas continuously, and by regulating the aperture of vacuum valve, makes the air pressure in the vacuum drying oven remain on 10
2Pa.
In the method for the invention, use inert gas as the protectiveness carrier gas, preferentially, can use argon gas as the protectiveness carrier gas, also can use nitrogen as the protectiveness carrier gas.
In the method for the invention, use reducibility gas as the protectiveness carrier gas, preferentially, can use hydrogen as the protectiveness carrier gas, also can use carbon monoxide as the protectiveness carrier gas.
In the method for the invention, use oxidizing gas as the protectiveness carrier gas, preferentially, can use carbon dioxide as the protectiveness carrier gas, also can use steam as the protectiveness carrier gas.
In the method for the invention; use the mist of inert gas and reducibility gas as the protectiveness carrier gas; preferentially; can use the mist of argon gas and hydrogen as the protectiveness carrier gas; also can use the mist of argon gas and natural gas as the protectiveness carrier gas, can also use the mist of argon gas and carbon monoxide as the protectiveness carrier gas.
In the method for the invention; use the mist of inert gas and oxidizing gas as the protectiveness carrier gas; preferentially, can use the mist of argon gas and oxygen as the protectiveness carrier gas, also can use the mist of argon gas and steam as the protectiveness carrier gas.
In the method for the invention, use the mist of nitrogen and reducibility gas as the protectiveness carrier gas, preferentially, can use the mist of nitrogen and hydrogen as the protectiveness carrier gas.
In the method for the invention, use the mist of nitrogen and oxidizing gas as the protectiveness carrier gas, preferentially, can use the mist of nitrogen and oxygen as the protectiveness carrier gas.
Embodiment in the method provided by the invention can be as required in any way mutually combination, the technical scheme that obtains by this combination, also within the scope of the invention.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification to the present invention and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if of the present invention these are revised and modification belongs within the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention also comprises these changes and modification interior.
A kind of tungsten alloy of embodiment 1 sintering
Tungsten powder, nickel powder, copper powder etc. are mixed, be pressed into pressed compact.
Pressed compact is packed in the sinter box, with reference to Fig. 1, as coverture, and bury pressed compact with coverture with the mixed-powder of schmigel, nickel powder and copper powder.
It is 3m that 12 sinter boxes that pressed compact is housed are put into volume
3Vacuum sintering furnace in, be evacuated to 8 * 10
-4Behind the Pa, be filled with the mist of nitrogen and dry ammonia with the speed of 0.3-0.5l/min, the aperture of regulating again vacuum valve makes the pressure in the vacuum drying oven remain on 50-80Pa, with reference to Fig. 4.
Carry out at last sintering.
With raw material and SnO
2Mix, be pressed into pressed compact;
With square corundum crucible as sinter box, at crucible bottom splendid attire zirconia ceramics microballoon to support pressed compact;
At the other corundum crucible of placing 5ml of pressed compact side, wherein be loaded with SnO
2With the mixture of graphite powder, cover the sinter box cover plate;
It is 3m that 48 sinter boxes that pressed compact is housed are put into volume
3Vacuum sintering furnace in, be evacuated to 8 * 10
-4Behind the Pa, be filled with high pure nitrogen with the speed of 0.1-0.3l/min, regulate again the aperture of vacuum valve, make the pressure in the vacuum drying oven remain on 5 * 10
4Pa is with reference to Fig. 3.
Carry out at last sintering.
Claims (10)
1. the vacuum sintering method of a powder metallurgy process is characterized in that sintering process is that material powder is placed the sintering casing of adding a cover through batch mixing, the pressed compact that is pressed into, carries out sintering again in vacuum sintering furnace.
2. the vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process according to claim 1 is characterized in that described sinter box body structure comprises: box-like matrix and the cover plate of adding a cover edge on box-like matrix that the upper end is uncovered.
3. the vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process according to claim 1 is characterized in that described pressed compact places sintering casing centre position by stent support, the coverture of filling in described pressed compact and sinter box body space space.
4. the vacuum sintering method of described a kind of powder metallurgy process according to claim 1-3 is characterized in that containing in the described coverture component and the inert component identical with high vapour pressure component in the described pressed compact, and wherein, inert component is schmigel; And/or quartz sand; And/or graphite powder.
5. the vacuum sintering method of described a kind of powder metallurgy process according to claim 1-4, it is characterized in that placing under the pressed compact of sintering casing by stent support, also be placed with and put crucible, fill the component identical with high vapour pressure component in the described pressed compact in the crucible.
6. the vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process according to claim 3 is characterized in that described support makes of corundum and/or make of graphite, and/or forces down and do not make with the material of pressed compact generation high-temperature chemical reaction with steam.
7. the vacuum sintering method of a kind of powder metallurgy process according to claim 5, it is characterized in that described crucible makes of corundum and/or make of graphite, and/or force down and do not make with the material of described high vapour pressure component generation high-temperature chemical reaction with steam.
8. the vacuum sintering method of described a kind of powder metallurgy process is characterized in that being filled with in the sintering process protectiveness carrier gas in vacuum drying oven according to claim 1-7, and the vacuum drying oven internal gas pressure reaches 10 in intensification and the sintering process
-2Pa-10
5Pa.
9. the vacuum sintering method of described a kind of powder metallurgy process is characterized in that in the sintering process according to claim 1-8, and shove charge also vacuumizes and reaches 10
-3Pa or higher after, heat up and sintering process in, with 0.1-2m
3The speed of/min is filled with the protectiveness carrier gas continuously, and by regulating the aperture of vacuum valve, makes the air pressure of vacuum drying oven stove remain on 10
-1-10
5Pa.
10. the vacuum sintering method of described a kind of powder metallurgy process is characterized in that described protectiveness carrier gas is inert gas according to claim 1-9, and/or
Argon gas, and/or
Nitrogen, and/or
Hydrogen, and/or
Carbon monoxide, and/or
Oxidizing gas, and/or
Carbon dioxide, and/or
Steam, and/or
The mist of inert gas and reducibility gas, and/or
The mist of argon gas and natural gas, and/or
The mist of argon gas and carbon monoxide, and/or
The mist of inert gas and oxidizing gas, and/or
The mist of argon gas and steam, and/or
The mist of nitrogen and reducibility gas, and/or
The mist of nitrogen and hydrogen, and/or
The mist of nitrogen and oxidizing gas, and/or
The mist of nitrogen and oxygen.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103506623A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2014-01-15 | 宜兴市炜华合金材料有限公司 | Forming agent removing method with sand-bath method |
| CN105251998A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-01-20 | 深圳艾利门特科技有限公司 | Sintering method for controlling carbon and oxygen content of powder metallurgy products |
| CN105529173A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-27 | 徐力 | Sintering method of neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet |
| CN113369479A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-10 | 北京有研粉末新材料研究院有限公司 | High-density powder metallurgy pure copper material part and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103506623A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2014-01-15 | 宜兴市炜华合金材料有限公司 | Forming agent removing method with sand-bath method |
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Application publication date: 20130313 |