CN102960359B - 二硫氰基甲烷与大环内酯类杀虫成分的组合物 - Google Patents
二硫氰基甲烷与大环内酯类杀虫成分的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及二硫氰基甲烷与大环内酯类杀虫成分的组合物，该大环内酯类杀虫成分为阿维菌素、伊维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和多杀菌素中的一种。二硫氰基甲烷与大环内酯类杀虫成分的质量比为0.05-50：1，二硫氰基甲烷与大环内酯类杀虫成分的质量总和占组合物总质量的百分比为0.1-60%，组合物用于防治线虫的方法，在于将组合物施用于遭受线虫病害侵袭的作物上或作物生长的土壤中，组合物的施用剂量为50-2000mg/kg。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物保护领域，特别是涉及二硫氰基甲烷与大环内酯类杀虫成分的组合物及其用途。
背景技术
植物寄生线虫是植物侵染性的病原之一，广泛寄生在多种植物的根、茎、叶、花、芽和种子上。在全球范围内，植物寄生线虫的发生与危害随着耕作制度的变化日趋严重。目前对植物有害的线虫有3000多种，目前我国发现40多种，常见的如根结线虫、孢囊线虫、松材线虫、甘薯茎线虫等，都是重要的农业病原线虫，其中根结线虫和孢囊线虫危害最重，主要危害的作物有黄瓜、花生、水稻、大豆、小麦、烟草、马铃薯、柑橘、玉米等。线虫一般造成作物减产10%-40%，严重时能造成80%的减产，甚至绝收。除线虫外，蔬菜地下害虫也给菜农带来较大的经济损失。地下害虫的种类包括地老虎、蛴螬、蝼蛄、金针虫、根蛆等，常造成伤根、死苗等，导致减产，在春、秋两季危害更加严重。
二硫氰基甲烷（MBT）是一种高效杀藻杀菌化学药物，MBT对于循环水中存在的主要细菌、真菌和藻类(各类真菌)都具有高效的杀灭效果，而且药效维持时间长，适应的PH值和温度范围较宽。使用3-4PPM的用量对异养菌、亚硝化细菌、硫盐还原菌、大肠杆菌、铁丝菌、厌氧菌、反硝化菌和硫细菌的杀菌率高达99%以上,对其它各类菌也能达到高的杀菌率。在清除各类真菌中二硫氰基甲烷比其他杀/除菌药物的效果更好。其原液稳定,在应用时又能迅速降解惑分解，对环境不会造成二次污染，高效低残留。对水稻恶苗病和干尖线虫病、大麦条纹病、网斑病、坚黑穗病具有较高的防效。同时对种传线虫、细菌和真菌所引起的其它病害亦有很好的防效，在推荐剂量下，对稻麦种子安全，且对提高水稻种子发芽率和成秧率有一定作用。
大环内酯类成分的杀虫剂，如阿维菌素、伊维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、多杀菌素等具有对害虫高效、对环境安全、对哺乳动物低毒的优异特点，对多种线虫具有良好的防效。
现有的杀线虫药剂中，灭线磷、苯线磷、克百威、甲基异柳磷、硫线磷、杀线威是高毒杀线虫剂，二溴氯丙烷是典型的生殖毒物，因人们对环境和人身健康的日趋关注，有必要开发相对高效、安全的药剂。通过研究发现，二硫氰基甲烷与上述大环内酯类杀虫成分的组合物对线虫具有明显的增效效果，于是完成了本发明。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供具有增效作用的杀线虫组合物及其用途。
具体的，本发明提供了含有二硫氰基甲烷与大环内酯类杀虫成分的防治线虫的组合物，其中大环内酯类杀虫成分为阿维菌素、伊维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（下称甲维盐）和多杀菌素中的一种。
上述组合物中，二硫氰基甲烷与大环内酯类成分的质量比为0.05-50：1，优选的，质量比为1-40：1。
上述组合物中，二硫氰基甲烷与大环内酯类杀虫成分的质量总和占组合物总质量的百分比为0.1-60%，优选的，二硫氰基甲烷与大环内酯类杀虫成分的质量总和占组合物总质量的百分比0.5-25%。
本发明还提供了上述组合物用于防治作物害虫的用途，其中所述作物为任何遭受线虫侵害的作物，所述作物为粮食作物、蔬菜、林木或其他作物，粮食作物为花生、玉米、水稻、大豆、高粱或小麦；蔬菜为黄瓜、番茄、芹菜、菠菜、白菜、甜菜或辣椒；林木为杨树、松树、柏树、椰树或橡胶树，其他作物为香蕉、烟草、马铃薯或柑橘。
上述用途中，所述害虫为任何危害作物的害虫，优选地，害虫为蔬菜根结线虫、粮食作物根结线虫或林木根结线虫等，具体如黄瓜根结线虫、番茄根结线虫、芹菜根结线虫、辣椒根结线虫、甘薯茎线虫、香蕉根结线虫等。
本发明还提供了上述组合物防治线虫的方法，其特征在于上述组合物的施用剂量为50-2000mg/Kg。优选的，组合物的施用剂量为200-1000mg/Kg。
二硫氰基甲烷主要用来杀藻除菌，而大环内酯类杀虫成分如阿维菌素、伊维菌素、甲维盐和多杀菌素等主要用来杀虫杀螨。本发明的优点，本发明二硫氰基甲烷与大环内酯类杀虫成分如阿维菌素、伊维菌素、甲维盐和多杀菌素的组合物对线虫的活性增效明显，起到了意想不到的效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明决不限于下述实施例。以下所述仅用于解释本发明，对于不偏离本发明精神和原则所做的修改、替换或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
实施例1
将二硫氰基甲烷单剂、阿维菌素单剂、伊维菌素单剂、甲维盐单剂、多杀菌素单剂及一定质量比的组合物稀释到一定的不同浓度。将含有香蕉根结线虫的定量稀释液滴到载玻片上，镜检计数；以相同方法镜检混入定量药剂的根结线虫稀释液，镜检计数，分别测量各供试药剂致死中浓度LC50，根据孙云沛法计算组合物的共毒系数（CTC值），CTC值大于120的为增效作用，具体方法如下。
设定一种单剂（A）为标准单剂，指定其毒力指数(TI)为100，则：
混剂的理论毒力指数(TTI)=Σ各单剂的TI×单剂在混剂中的百分比
结果如下表1。
表1不同复配剂对香蕉根结线虫的增效效果
由表1可以看出，当二硫氰基甲烷与四种大环内酯类杀虫成分的配比为0.5-40:1时，四种组合物对香蕉根结线虫的共毒系数均大于120，说明组合物中二硫氰基甲烷与大环内酯类类成分如阿维菌素、伊维菌素、甲维盐、多杀菌素对香蕉根结线虫的增效效果明显。当二硫氰基甲烷与四种大环内酯类成分的配比为10:1时，增效最明显。
实施例2组合物对作物线虫的防效
用灭菌土与灭菌河沙混匀成培养土，混入杀线组合物或单剂，充分拌匀，加入清水使含水量40%，装入盆钵，将生长有2片真叶的黄瓜苗移栽到盆中，移栽后7天，每盆接入南方根结线虫2龄幼虫500条，置于温室，定量浇水管理。设每处理3个重复，并设未混入药剂处理为空白对照。20天后，当空白对照植株根际有大量根结时，调查株高和防效。记录每株根结数，并按刘维志（1995）进行分级：0级，无根结；1级，1-2根结；2级，3-10个根结；3级，11-30个根结；4级，31-100个根结；5级，100个以上根结。结果见表2。
表2组合物对黄瓜根结线虫的效果
表2表明，相对于对应单剂和空白对照，二硫氰基甲烷与维菌素、伊维菌素、甲维盐或多杀菌素的组合物的处理株高明显提高，且根结数明显减少，病害明显减轻。说明组合物对黄瓜根结线虫的防治效果明显，促进作物生长。
Claims (9)
1.一种含有二硫氰基甲烷与大环内酯类杀虫成分的防治线虫的组合物，其中大环内酯类杀虫成分为多杀菌素，二硫氰基甲烷与多杀菌素的质量比为0.5-40：1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物，其中二硫氰基甲烷与多杀菌素的质量比为1-40：1。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物，其中二硫氰基甲烷与多杀菌素的质量总和占组合物总质量的百分比为0.1-60％。
4.根据权利要求3所述的组合物，其中二硫氰基甲烷与多杀菌素的质量总和占组合物总质量的百分比0.5-25％。
5.权利要求4所述的组合物用于防治作物害虫的用途，其中所述作物为任何遭受线虫侵害的作物，所述作物为粮食作物、蔬菜、林木或其他作物，粮食作物为花生、玉米、水稻、大豆、高粱或小麦；蔬菜为黄瓜、番茄、芹菜、菠菜、白菜、甜菜或辣椒；林木为杨树、松树、柏树、椰树或橡胶树，其他作物为香蕉、烟草、马铃薯或柑橘。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途，其中所述害虫为蔬菜根结线虫、粮食作物根结线虫或林木根结线虫。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用途，其中害虫为黄瓜根结线虫、番茄根结线虫、芹菜根结线虫、辣椒根结线虫、甘薯茎线虫或香蕉根结线虫。
8.权利要求4所述的组合物防治线虫的方法，其特征在于所述组合物的施用剂量为50-2000mg/Kg。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中组合物的施用剂量为200-1000mg/Kg。
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