CN102959124A - 滑动元件 - Google Patents

滑动元件 Download PDF

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CN102959124A
CN102959124A CN2011800236199A CN201180023619A CN102959124A CN 102959124 A CN102959124 A CN 102959124A CN 2011800236199 A CN2011800236199 A CN 2011800236199A CN 201180023619 A CN201180023619 A CN 201180023619A CN 102959124 A CN102959124 A CN 102959124A
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layer
sliding members
silicon
germanium
piston ring
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CN102959124B (zh
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斯蒂芬·霍比
马库斯·肯尼迪
曼弗雷德·费舍尔
迈克尔·齐纳伯德
罗伯特·R·阿哈罗诺夫
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Federal Mogul Burscheid GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
    • F16J9/26—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction characterised by the use of particular materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/26—Deposition of carbon only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/004—Cylinder liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F5/00—Piston rings, e.g. associated with piston crown
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
    • Y10T428/24975—No layer or component greater than 5 mils thick
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种滑动元件、特别是活塞环或气缸衬套，该滑动元件包括至少一个a-C:H:Me层，其中，Me表示锗和硅，层厚为10-40微米。

Description

滑动元件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种滑动元件，特别是活塞环或气缸套，该滑动元件包括至少一个a-C:H:Me层，其中，Me表示锗和硅。
背景技术
对于内燃机来说，减少二氧化碳的排放基本上仅可通过减少燃料消耗量来实现。在这方面，发动机内的摩擦损失及磨损起到了关键的作用，大部分的摩擦损失是由活塞组及其中的活塞环引起的。
此外，对于大负荷发动机来说，其要求活塞环具有高度耐磨性的工作面涂层。因此，人们越来越多地采用基于硬质材料的涂层，该硬质材料涂层通过PVD（物理气相沉积）或CVD（化学气相沉积）的方法涂敷。人们期望这些涂层在使用寿命过程中确保功能性。
已知DLC（类金刚石碳）层相对于滑动接触面来说通常具有非常小的摩擦系数，这是因为DLC层的附着倾向非常小。由此，能有效地降低发动机内的摩擦损失。
例如， DE 10 2005 063 123描述了一种滑动元件，该滑动元件包括至少一个与工作面滑动接触的表面，在该表面施加含碳的磨合层和耐磨层，其中，磨合层包含氢和纳米晶碳化物相。该涂层具有良好的磨合性能。
US 6,279,913描述了一种在滑动表面上具有DLC层的滑动元件。在该申请中，DLC层具有层厚度为0.5-30微米的球形表面结构。DLC层具有无定形的、无定形/类金刚石或无定形/类石墨的碳结构。
US 6,325,385同样描述了具有DLC层的活塞环。该DLC层施加于底层。底层包括元素组硅、钛、钨、铬、钼、铌和钒中的一种或多种元素，且占底层元素的原子百分比为70%-100%，底层的其余部分由碳元素组成；或者底层全部由上述元素组中的一种或多种元素组成。底层占DLC层和底层总厚度的1-35%，因此，底层的厚度在0.05-1.75微米范围内。
根据US 6,325,385所述，其较薄的底层是为了降低在DLC层内部出现的应力。由此，DLC层的附着性提高，并且避免在层内出现如裂缝或凹陷等缺陷。然而，根据US 6,325,385所述的活塞环，底层的耐磨性较差，因此，底层因DLC层的磨损而露出之后快速地被除去。
然而，这种DLC层的使用寿命主要由于较小的层厚而受到限制，因而，摩擦仅能在一定时间段内减小。因此， US 6,325,385所述的活塞环的DLC层由于厚度较小的影响，其主要在磨合阶段内起作用。随后，由于摩擦系统的改变摩擦损失再度增加。
因此，需要一种滑动元件，特别是活塞环或气缸套，其在较长时期内能保证较低的摩擦系数，优选的是对于采用该滑动元件的内燃机，滑动元件在其整个寿命期内都能保证较低的摩擦系数。
发明内容
为达到上述目的，本发明出人意料地通过采用a-C:H:Me层来解决，其中，Me表示锗和硅，a-C:H:Me层的厚度为10-40微米。
附图说明
图1示出实施例1的活塞环的REM和EDX图；
图2示出实施例2的活塞环的REM和EDX图。
具体实施方式
在本发明的范围内采用的a-C:H:Me层是由碳和氢构成的无定形DLC层，该无定形DLC层还包括锗和硅。
假设锗和硅减小层内的内应力（参见US 6,086,769），因此允许沉积层的厚度比现有技术的更大。
在本发明的范围内，一个或多个a-C:H:Me层可施加于滑动元件上。当采用多层时，这些层的组成不同。a-C:H:Me层的总厚度为15-40微米，优选的是15-30微米。
层内的锗和硅的含量优选地是重量百分比为5-70 %，特别优选地是40-60 %。当锗和硅的含量在此范围内时，内应力减小，因而可以获得非常好的层厚。
在一个优选实施例中，任何情况下层内的锗和硅的含量优选地是重量百分比为5-35%，特别优选地是20-30%。
根据本发明，层内的锗和硅的比例优选地是1:7-7:1，更优选地是1:2-2:1。
优选地，按照本发明的滑动元件还包含a-C:H层，即包括碳和氢，但不包括锗和硅的无定形DLC层。较佳的是a-C:H层作为覆盖层而施加于a-C:H:Me层上。a-C:H层由于不含金属而具有较高的耐磨性，因此产生理想的磨合性能。该a-C:H层的最佳厚度的上限是3微米，因为层厚超过3微米时，会由于无金属层内过高的内应力而造成a-C:H层的附着问题。 
在按照本发明的滑动元件中，优选地是将上述层施加于由铸铁或钢材料构成的基体上。
各层能通过如等离子加强的化学气相沉积或辉光放电等方法来施加于基体上。例如在WO 2009/006179 和WO 2009/011801中描述的适当方法，这些方法的披露以参见的方式纳入本文。
按照本发明的滑动元件适于多种应用场合，尤其适用于活塞环或气缸套。
下面通过实施例来进一步阐释本发明。然而，这些示例并不限制本发明的范围。
实施 例1和2
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
根据DIN EN ISO 14577-1借助Picodentor（压痕测试仪）HM500来测量上述实施例中活塞环的工作面处的硬度和压痕模量。
获得如下结果：  
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
图1表示根据实施例1中包含的活塞环的REM和EDX图示出的层结构。
图2表示根据实施例2中包含的活塞环的REM和EDX图示出的层结构。 

Claims (14)

1.一种滑动元件，所述滑动元件在部分区域内包括至少一层a-C:H:Me层，其中， Me包括锗和硅，a-C:H:Me层的厚度为15-40微米。
2.如权利要求1所述的滑动元件，其特征在于，层内的Me含量的重量百分比为5-70%，优选地是40-60 %。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的滑动元件，其特征在于，所述层内锗和硅的比例是1:7-7:1，优选地是1:2-2:1。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的滑动元件，其特征在于，所述层内的锗和硅的含量的重量百分比为5-35%，优选地是20-30%。
5. 如前述权利要求中任一项所述的滑动元件，其特征在于，所述a-C:H:Me层的厚度为15-30微米。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的滑动元件，其特征在于，还包括a-C:H层。
7.如权利要求6所述的滑动元件，其特征在于，所述a-C:H层是覆盖层。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的滑动元件，其特征在于，所述a-C:H层的厚度不大于3微米。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的滑动元件，其特征在于，根据DIN EN ISO 14577-1借助压痕测试仪HM500测量的工作面处的硬度为1400-1900 HV 0.02，优选地是1500-1800 HV 0.02。
10. 如权利要求9所述的滑动元件，其特征在于，根据DIN EN ISO 14577-1借助压痕测试仪HM500测量的工作面处的压痕模量为100-130 GPa，优选地是105-125 GPa。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的滑动元件，其特征在于，包括由铸铁或钢材料制成的基体。
12.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的滑动元件，其特征在于，至少在与滑动接触面进行滑动接触所设的区域内施加有所述层。
13.一种活塞环，所述活塞环包括上述权利要求中任一项所述的滑动元件。
14.一种气缸套，所述气缸套包括根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的滑动元件。
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EP2721196B1 (en) 2011-06-15 2019-10-30 Tenneco Inc. Germanium containing coating for inner surfaces of cylinder liners
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CN102959124B (zh) 2015-07-29
RU2567075C2 (ru) 2015-10-27
WO2011147808A1 (de) 2011-12-01
EP2576858A1 (de) 2013-04-10
PL2576858T3 (pl) 2016-07-29
US20130192458A1 (en) 2013-08-01
DE102010029256A1 (de) 2011-12-01
EP2576858B1 (de) 2016-03-30
KR20130097063A (ko) 2013-09-02
BR112012029598A2 (pt) 2016-08-02
KR101797186B1 (ko) 2017-11-13
JP2013528268A (ja) 2013-07-08
US9388900B2 (en) 2016-07-12
JP5816272B2 (ja) 2015-11-18

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