Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to existing BiVO
4The problem that exists during suspension system photocatalyst for degrading pollutant provides a kind of sol-gal process preparation to have the BiVO of photocatalysis performance
4The method of film, its technique is simple, and environmentally friendly.Can make the BiVO that under visible light, has certain photocatalytic activity and be easy to recycle of monoclinic phase according to the present invention
4Film has solved BiVO
4The problem that the immobilized and secondary of photochemical catalyst utilizes.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of sol-gel process preparation has the BiVO of photocatalysis performance
4The method of film is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: step (1): with Bi (NO
3)
35H
2O and CA are according to Bi:CA=1:(0.8 ~ 2) the mole proportioning be dissolved in the deionized water Bi (NO
3)
35H
2The concentration of O and CA is respectively 0.8 ~ 1.5mol/L and 0.64 ~ 3mol/L, and the solution that obtains is stirred, and regulates pH with monoethanolamine, until the solution clarification obtains precursor liquid A; Step (2): with NH
4VO
3With CA according to V:CA=1:(0.8 ~ 2) the mole proportioning be dissolved in the boiling water NH wherein
4VO
3Be respectively 0.8 ~ 1.8mol/L and 0.64 ~ 3.6mol/L with the concentration of CA, be made into precursor liquid B; Step (3): according to Bi:V=1:(1 ~ 1.2) ratio drops to precursor liquid A among the precursor liquid B, and constant temperature stirs, and obtains navy blue BiVO
4Colloidal sol C; Step (4): by spin-coating method at FTO substrate surface spin coating navy blue BiVO
4Colloidal sol C carries out preannealing with the film of the FTO substrate surface after the spin coating and processes, and the temperature that preannealing is processed is 200 ~ 250 ℃, and the time is 3 ~ 6min; Step (5): repeating step (4), until the film of FTO substrate surface reaches till the default thickness; Step (6): the film that step (5) is processed through preannealing carries out annealing in process, and the annealing in process temperature is 400-600 ℃, and temperature retention time is 1h, obtains having the BiVO of photocatalysis performance
4Film.
The present invention further improves and is: in the step (3), precursor liquid A and precursor liquid B mix according to the ratio of Bi:V=1:1.2.
The present invention further improves and is: when adopting spin-coating method to film in the step (4), adopt sol evenning machine spin coating under the rotating speed of 3500 ~ 4500rpm.
The present invention further improves and is: FTO glass substrate described in the step (4) is through preliminary treatment, and described pretreated process is: use respectively acetone, ethanol and deionized water are carried out ultrasonic cleaning, use N
2Dry up, and in ultraviolet radiation instrument, shine.
The present invention further improves and is: the time that constant temperature stirs in the step (3) is 5h.
The present invention further improves and is: Bi:CA=1:1.5 in the step (1); V:CA=1:1.5 in the step (2); Bi:V=1:1.2 in the step (3); The temperature of preannealing is 200 ℃ in the step (4), and the time is 3min; The temperature of annealing in process is 600 ℃ in the step (6), and temperature retention time is 1h.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: the present invention is with five water bismuth nitrate (Bi (NO
3)
35H
2O) and ammonium metavanadate (NH
4VO
3) be raw material, take citric acid as solvent, be made into respectively precursor liquid A and B, A slowly is added dropwise to B mixes formation BiVO
4Colloidal sol; Carry out spin coating by spin-coating method at the FTO substrate surface of processing, the film after the spin coating is carried out preannealing and annealing in process, namely obtain the BiVO of monocline scheelite type structure
4Film.The present invention has prepared the BiVO of pure monoclinic phase in conjunction with sol-gel process and spin-coating method
4Film, the method technique is simple and easy to control, and the film composition that makes is even, the purity of product is very high.The BiVO of the pure monoclinic phase that the present invention prepares
4Film is rhodamine B degradation effectively, has certain photocatalytic activity, and the BiVO for preparing
4Film is immobilized at the FTO substrate surface, easily separates with suspension after light-catalyzed reaction, can not form secondary pollution, is easy to reclaim and can recycle.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Step (1): according to the mole proportioning of Bi:CA=1:1 with 0.012mol Bi (NO
3)
35H
2O and 0.012mol citric acid are dissolved in the 10ml deionized water, stir, and regulate pH with monoethanolamine, until the solution clarification obtains precursor liquid A; Wherein CA is writing a Chinese character in simplified form of citric acid;
Step (2) according to the mole proportioning of V:CA=1:1.8 with 0.012mol NH
4VO
3With the 0.0216mol citric acid according to being dissolved in the 10ml boiling water, be made into precursor liquid B;
Step (3) slowly drops to precursor liquid B mixing according to the ratio of Bi:V=1:1 with precursor liquid A, and constant temperature stirs 5h, obtains navy blue BiVO
4Colloidal sol C;
Step (4): the FTO substrate surface spin coating navy blue BiVO that was anticipating with the rotating speed of 4000rpm with sol evenning machine by spin-coating method
4Colloidal sol C, at 200 ℃ of preannealing 6min, wherein the process of anticipating of FTO glass substrate is for using respectively acetone with the film of the FTO substrate surface after the spin coating, and ethanol and deionized water are carried out ultrasonic cleaning, use N
2Dry up, and in ultraviolet radiation instrument, shine;
Step (5): repeating step (4), until the film of FTO substrate surface reaches till the thickness of anticipation;
Step (6): the FTO substrate that the surface that step (5) is obtained has certain thickness carries out annealing in process, and the annealing in process temperature is 500 ℃, and temperature retention time is 1h.
Embodiment 2:
Step (1): according to the mole proportioning of Bi:CA=1:1.5 with 0.01mol Bi (NO
3)
35H
2O and 0.015mol citric acid are dissolved in the 10ml deionized water, stir, and regulate pH with monoethanolamine, until the solution clarification obtains precursor liquid A;
Step (2) according to the mole proportioning of V:CA=1:1.5 with 0.012mol NH
4VO
3With the 0.018mol citric acid according to being dissolved in the 10ml boiling water, be made into precursor liquid B;
Step (3) is according to Bi:V=1: 1.2 ratio slowly drops to precursor liquid B with precursor liquid A mixes, and constant temperature stirs 5h, obtains navy blue BiVO
4Colloidal sol C;
Step (4): the FTO substrate surface spin coating navy blue BiVO that was anticipating with the rotating speed of 4500rpm with sol evenning machine by spin-coating method
4Colloidal sol C, at 200 ℃ of preannealing 3min, wherein the process of anticipating of FTO glass substrate is for using respectively acetone with the film of the FTO substrate surface after the spin coating, and ethanol and deionized water are carried out ultrasonic cleaning, use N
2Dry up, and in ultraviolet radiation instrument, shine;
Step (5): repeating step (4), until the film of FTO substrate surface reaches till the thickness of anticipation;
Step (6): the FTO substrate that the surface that step (5) is obtained has certain thickness carries out annealing in process, and the annealing in process temperature is 600 ℃, and temperature retention time is 1h.
Fig. 1 is the BiVO of the pure monoclinic phase prepared of embodiment 2
4The XRD figure of film with the phase composition of XRD determining film, can find out the BiVO for preparing
4The crystal formation of film is the monocline scheelite type.
Fig. 2 is the pure monoclinic phase BiVO that embodiment 2 makes
4The photocatalytic activity figure of film rhodamine B degradation solution under radiation of visible light, wherein the concentration of rhodamine B is 5mg/L, visible light source is the xenon lamp of 350W, and as can be seen from Figure 2 the degradation rate 6h of photocatalytic degradation rhodamine B arrives 40%, and the pure monoclinic phase BiVO for preparing is described
4Film has certain photocatalytic activity.
Embodiment 3:
Step (1): according to the mole proportioning of Bi:CA=1:0.8 with 0.008mol Bi (NO
3)
35H
2O and 0.0064mol citric acid are dissolved in the 10ml deionized water, stir, and regulate pH with monoethanolamine, until the solution clarification obtains precursor liquid A;
Step (2) according to the mole proportioning of V:CA=1:0.8 with 0.008mol NH
4VO
3With the 0.0064mol citric acid according to being dissolved in the 10ml boiling water, be made into precursor liquid B;
Step (3) slowly drops to precursor liquid B mixing according to the ratio of Bi:V=1:1 with precursor liquid A, and constant temperature stirs 5h, obtains navy blue BiVO
4Colloidal sol C;
Step (4): the FTO substrate surface spin coating navy blue BiVO that was anticipating with the rotating speed of 3500rpm with sol evenning machine by spin-coating method
4Colloidal sol C, at 250 ℃ of preannealing 4min, wherein the process of anticipating of FTO glass substrate is for using respectively acetone with the film of the FTO substrate surface after the spin coating, and ethanol and deionized water are carried out ultrasonic cleaning, use N
2Dry up, and in ultraviolet radiation instrument, shine;
Step (5): repeating step (4), until the film of FTO substrate surface reaches till the thickness of anticipation;
Step (6): the FTO substrate that the surface that step (5) is obtained has certain thickness carries out annealing in process, and the annealing in process temperature is 400 ℃, and temperature retention time is 1h.
Embodiment 4:
Step (1): according to the mole proportioning of Bi:CA=1:2 with 0.015mol Bi (NO
3)
35H
2O and 0.03mol citric acid are dissolved in the 10ml deionized water, stir, and regulate pH with monoethanolamine, until the solution clarification obtains precursor liquid A;
Step (2) according to the mole proportioning of V:CA=1:2 with 0.018mol NH
4VO
3With the 0.036mol citric acid according to being dissolved in the 10ml boiling water, be made into precursor liquid B;
Step (3) is according to Bi:V=1: 1.2 ratio slowly drops to precursor liquid B with precursor liquid A mixes, and constant temperature stirs 5h, obtains navy blue BiVO
4Colloidal sol C;
Step (4): the FTO substrate surface spin coating navy blue BiVO that was anticipating with the rotating speed of 4500rpm with sol evenning machine by spin-coating method
4Colloidal sol C, at 250 ℃ of preannealing 6min, wherein the process of anticipating of FTO glass substrate is for using respectively acetone with the film of the FTO substrate surface after the spin coating, and ethanol and deionized water are carried out ultrasonic cleaning, use N
2Dry up, and in ultraviolet radiation instrument, shine;
Step (5): repeating step (4), until the film of FTO substrate surface reaches till the thickness of anticipation;
Step (6): the FTO substrate that the surface that step (5) is obtained has certain thickness carries out annealing in process, and the annealing in process temperature is 550 ℃, and temperature retention time is 1h.
Embodiment 5:
Step (1): according to the mole proportioning of Bi:CA=1:1.8 with 0.01mol Bi (NO
3)
35H
2O and 0.018mol citric acid are dissolved in the 10ml deionized water, stir, and regulate pH with monoethanolamine, until the solution clarification obtains precursor liquid A;
Step (2) according to the mole proportioning of V:CA=1:1 with 0.011mol NH
4VO
3With the 0.011mol citric acid according to being dissolved in the 10ml boiling water, be made into precursor liquid B;
Step (3) is according to Bi:V=1: 1.1 ratio slowly drops to precursor liquid B with precursor liquid A mixes, and constant temperature stirs 5h, obtains navy blue BiVO
4Colloidal sol C;
Step (4): the FTO substrate surface spin coating navy blue BiVO that was anticipating with the rotating speed of 4500rpm with sol evenning machine by spin-coating method
4Colloidal sol C, at 220 ℃ of preannealing 5min, wherein the process of anticipating of FTO glass substrate is for using respectively acetone with the film of the FTO substrate surface after the spin coating, and ethanol and deionized water are carried out ultrasonic cleaning, use N
2Dry up, and in ultraviolet radiation instrument, shine;
Step (5): repeating step (4), until the film of FTO substrate surface reaches till the thickness of anticipation;
Step (6): the FTO substrate that the surface that step (5) is obtained has certain thickness carries out annealing in process, and the annealing in process temperature is 450 ℃, and temperature retention time is 1h.
The sol-gel process that the present invention adopts is with Bi (NO
3)
35H
2O and NH
4VO
3As raw material, be dissolved in respectively in the citric acid, form precursor liquid A and B; Hydrolysis, product BiVO occur in A and B
4Assemble forming three-dimensional network shape colloid, then utilize sol evenning machine to be coated with plated film, through evaporation, decomposition, remove BiVO
4Organic principle in the colloidal sol and moisture, and annealed crystallization obtains crystalline film.Compare with traditional high-temperature solid phase reaction method, sol-gel process not only has the plurality of advantages of solwution method, such as the chemical uniformity of gained crystal with reactivity is good, purity is high, easy-sintering etc., also has following characteristics:
(1) sol-gel process has been promoted the chemical uniformity of multicomponent mixture system;
(2) the sol gel reaction process is easy to control, can implementation procedure fully and accurate control is easy to the microstructure of gel;
(3) film composition of sol-gel process preparation purity even, product is very high.
The above only is one embodiment of the present invention, it or not whole or unique embodiment, the conversion of any equivalence that those of ordinary skills take the technology of the present invention bill by reading specification of the present invention is claim of the present invention and contains.