CN102948462A - Bamboo shoot freshness keeping method for inhibiting postharvest wound respiration - Google Patents
Bamboo shoot freshness keeping method for inhibiting postharvest wound respiration Download PDFInfo
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- CN102948462A CN102948462A CN2011102426293A CN201110242629A CN102948462A CN 102948462 A CN102948462 A CN 102948462A CN 2011102426293 A CN2011102426293 A CN 2011102426293A CN 201110242629 A CN201110242629 A CN 201110242629A CN 102948462 A CN102948462 A CN 102948462A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fresh agricultural product freshness keeping, relates to postharvest physiology of bamboo shoots, and especially relates to a bamboo shoot freshness keeping method for inhibiting postharvest wound respiration. According to the invention, a physical method of liquid nitrogen refrigeration is utilized to process cuts, and a wound coating liquid containing an antioxidant and a food antiseptic is combined to coat the cuts in order to inhibit the wound respiration intensity, inhibit the evaporation of a large amount of water from the cuts, and inhibit the intrusion of microbes from the cuts, so the fresh state of bamboo shoots is maintained within a certain period of time, thereby the transportation of the bamboo shoots is convenient, and the low and peak seasonality of the market is adjusted. The method effectively reduces the consumption of nutrient substances in the bamboo shoots and the loss of water in the bamboo shoots through inhibiting the postharvest wound respiration, maintains the nutrition quality and the sensation quality of stored bamboo shoots and improves the eating value and the commodity value of the bamboo shoots. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of easy grasping, easy operation and low investment cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fresh and live agricultural product preservation technique field, relate to the post-harvest physiology of bamboo shoots, particularly the preservation method for bamboo shoots of rear wound respiration is adopted in a kind of inhibition.
Background technology
Bamboo shoots are nutritious woods source Specialty vegetables that people like, contain 18 seed amino acids, comprised the necessary amino acid of multiple human body, and its content is high, in the bright bamboo shoot of 100g, contain approximately 2g of total amino acid content, contain simultaneously the trace element of other multiple needed by human.Bamboo shoots have Appetizing spleen-tonifying, the sharp diaphragm of wide chest, logical intestines defecation, open the nutritive effects such as diaphragm dissolving phlegm, enhancing immunity of organisms, possess certain dietary function, for people accept extensively.In the mao bamboon of the Yangtze river basin with early the spring bamboo of bamboo class is in listing in early spring (before and after April), and the sinocalamus latiflorus that Pearl River Delta, Fujian, Taiwan etc. are economized and green bamboo etc. are supplied in high temperature summer (7～August).The annual production of the present bamboo shoots of China reaches 3,000,000 tons, has played important function to enriching market for farm products, is one of the "shopping basket' project of mainlying grasp of current bamboo producing region government.
The bamboo shoots main product is on the south the Yangtze river basin, and originate in medium and high temperature season, temperature is hot after adopting or at a time when gathering, humidity is higher, microbial activities is rampant, and the special biological characteristics of bamboo shoots can stay very large otch when the bamboo shoots of most of kind are gathered in addition; Bamboo shoots are also relatively concentrated picking time, and Regional Distribution is inhomogeneous.Bamboo shoots also exist long-distance transportation to satisfy the external domestic markets needs and post-harvest fresh-keeping prolongs the problem that the phase is supplied in its local market.
In the past, the fresh-keeping of bamboo shoots also had the researcher to explore repeatly, obtained some preservation method for bamboo shoots and technology, for descendant's further investigation and brought into play very large effect in actual production.The ripe bamboo shoots of poach fresh-keeping, use the natural biological freshness-preserving agents such as chemical preservatives such as sodium isoascorbate, citric acid, sodium pyrosulfite, Sodium Benzoate and Tea Polyphenols, phytic acid, utilized the fresh-keeping preparation of the single or compound kind preparation such as food preservative or antioxidant that positive effect has been played in the market supply of regulating bamboo shoots.The fresh-keeping preservation techniques such as sulfur fumigation (now not allowed to use), radiation source irradiation, microwave treatment, ca cold storage, low-temperature cold store storage that used of fresh bamboo shoots.No matter be various bamboo shoot preservatives or fresh bamboo shoots preservation technology, all be the starting point to be placed on suppress the infecting of microorganism, Growth and reproduction, cooperate to reduce temperature reduce bamboo shoots by the probability of microbial infection or Inhibiting infection after the Growth and reproduction speed of microorganism on bamboo shoots, keep the respiration of bamboo shoots living cells, reduce the consumption of the caused nutriment of breathing and excessively the scattering and disappearing of moisture of bamboo shoots, keep as much as possible the edible quality of bamboo shoots.But, preservation technique all is the preservation technique that simulation has the fruit and vegetable class of obvious mature characteristic mostly, really do not consider the special biological characteristics of bamboo shoots, keep the preservation technique of the higher edible quality of fresh bamboo shoots and economic worth not to be well solved all the time.
Bamboo shoots say from plant organ and anatomical structure and are defined as the young shoot that bamboo expands, and have bred the blank of whole plant, the differentiation of existing joint, and therefore, before bamboo shoots did not also leave parent, vital movement was vigorous especially; Except winter bamboo shoot, bamboo shoots, the bamboo shoots of gathering similar taper shape on the form is from the bottom of circular cone and parent-bamboo whip cutting and separating, therefore, even better the technology bamboo shoots of gathering also have very large otch; Bamboo shoots are grown on the underground bamboo whip, and it also is under the earth's surface that the cutting bamboo shoots separate with the bamboo whip, and therefore, the bamboo shoots otch is easy to the microorganism in the adhesive tape surrounding environment.Above-mentioned particularity has determined that the technology barrier that the fresh fresh-keeping fresh-keeping needs of comparing other fruit and vegetable of bamboo shoots overcome is more, difficulty is larger.
The up-to-date preservation technique of present fresh bamboo shoots also only is placed on the lignifying that rear bamboo shoots are adopted in inhibition, still adopt low temperature environment to lower the respiratory intensity of bamboo shoots and the activity of microorganism, there is no the particularity that considers fresh bamboo shoots preservation, particularly do not relate to the preservation technique of controlling the quality deterioration of bamboo shoots by the wound respiration that suppresses bamboo shoots.The bamboo shoots rear cut-out section of gathering is larger, and wound respiration intensity is far longer than the respiratory intensity of keeping radical cellular activities, and the loss of the nutriment that wound respiration causes is larger, causes Shoot Qualities to descend; On the other hand, incision cell juice exosmoses, and is particularly suitable for growth of microorganism, easily causes larger rotten loss; Moisture is easy to scatter and disappear in a large number by incision, accelerates the quality deterioration of bamboo shoots.The method of processing by a kind of safe bamboo shoots otch, reach the inhibition wound respiration, reduce microbial infection, lower moisture loss, slow down change color, thereby playing the preservation technique that keeps the bamboo shoots edible quality perhaps, is the revolutionary variation of basic preservation method and bamboo shoots or the similar crops preservation technique of bamboo shoots.
A kind of whole bright bamboo shoot coating antistaling agents with edibility material preparation of filming for the whole body of bamboo shoots are disclosed such as CN101744045A.CN101849572A discloses a kind of storage has become the preservation method for bamboo shoots that boils bamboo shoots.CN02125458.3 discloses a kind of fresh-keeping method of the living bamboo shoot of physical fresh-keeping band sheaths of bamboo shoots of plasma.CN1726789 discloses a kind of composite preservative and using method thereof that suppresses lignification of bamboo shoot.CN1965661B discloses a kind of preparation method's (the fresh-keeping product that obtains of this method also is ripe bamboo shoots) of not poach tender bamboo shoot product.CN101305746B discloses the preservation method of the pickled bamboo shoots of the collaborative less salt of a kind of liquid glucose.
The problem that above-mentioned these prior aries exist is: be that whole bamboo shoot are processed on the one hand, deep layer bamboo shoot meat is subject to the impact of microwave or irradiation too, causes the quality of bamboo shoot to reduce.Increase the quantity of processing, the increase that brings equally energy consumption increases financial cost.Cause rotten microorganism invasion or transition breeding, mainly undertaken by this predisposing infection area of otch, therefore, if can control microorganism from the intrusion of otch or control it at the Fast-propagation of otch, substantially just can reach antibacterial purpose.
The bamboo shoots that are on the other hand storage have in fact become ripe bamboo shoots, and the quality of bamboo shoot is starkly lower than the quality of fresh bamboo shoots.Reason is the boiling water boiling processing of bamboo shoots process long period or the long-time sterilization of higher temperature, does not almost have living cells in the bamboo shoots, does not have the Physiological and Biochemical Metabolism activity, and the bamboo shoots of this moment are lost to the greatest extent original matter structure, and nutritious a large amount of loss.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the particularity for bamboo shoots, adopt the Local treatment bamboo shoots, thereby provide a kind of inhibition to adopt the preservation method for bamboo shoots of rear wound respiration.
Method of the present invention has 1, suppress bamboo shoots adopts rear main breathing---the intensity of wound respiration, thereby weaken the somatic metabolic exhaustion of bamboo shoot, reduce the degree of lignification of moisture by the bamboo shoots that scatter and disappear, slow down of otch, alleviate incision change color, suppress microorganism in the too fast breeding of otch and prevent that microorganism from invading from otch, and then reduce the reduction of nutritive value, the bad change of lowering the bamboo shoots exterior quality.The area of filming during 2, by minimizing Local treatment bamboo shoots reduces the consumption of plastics, reaches economical, energy-conservation, subtracts useless effect, and can reach nutritive value and the commodity value that keeps to greatest extent bamboo shoots.
The preservation method for bamboo shoots that rear wound respiration is adopted in inhibition of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1), liquid nitrogen is poured in the container (such as level tray) (liquid nitrogen severity control between 3～5mm), the bamboo shoots that the bamboo shoot body except cut-out section that selection cleans up and drains does not have other machinery to hinder, and the cut-out section of bamboo shoots is immersed in the liquid nitrogen, kept 15～50 seconds, and then bamboo shoots were moved on in the coating liquid; Or
The bamboo shoots that selection bamboo shoot body except cut-out section does not have other machinery to hinder, and the cut-out section of bamboo shoots put into container (such as level tray) down, then in container, topple over liquid nitrogen, when rising to the cut-out section (general liquid nitrogen floods bamboo shoots between 3～5mm) that flooded bamboo shoots, the liquid level of liquid nitrogen stops to add liquid nitrogen, kept 15～50 seconds, and then bamboo shoots were moved on in the coating liquid;
(2), coating liquid is poured in the container (such as level tray), the liquid nitrogen degree of depth that the degree of depth of the coating liquid in the container (such as level tray) slightly is deeper than liquid nitrogen when processing bamboo shoots (the degree of depth of liquid nitrogen be 6～8mm), the cut-out section of bamboo shoots after the liquid nitrogen that step (1) is obtained is processed floods in bubble-free described coating liquid, makes the cut-out section of bamboo shoots be stained with equably coating liquid; Then bamboo shoots are put on shelf, and make cut-out section not with other object contact, hot blast with 30～35 ℃ blows (general hot blast blew 5～15 minutes) with auxiliary coating liquid film forming, or natural drying film forming (be 30～90 minutes general drying time); Then the bamboo shoots that obtain are placed in the packaging bag and store.
Described coating liquid is edible film forming matter.The mass concentration of described edible film forming matter is preferably 3.8～10.8%.
Described edible film forming matter mainly is with sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, pectin or guar gum or gelatin, is dissolved in the water formulated; Wherein, contain mass concentration in the preferred described edible film forming matter and be 3～7% sodium alginate, mass concentration and be 0.5～0.8% sodium carboxymethylcellulose, mass concentration and be 1～2% pectin or mass concentration and be 0.3～0.8% guar gum or mass concentration and be 1～3% gelatin, surplus is water.Its preferably preparation in 6～8 hours before use.
Be added with antioxidant Tea Polyphenols and phytic acid in the described edible film forming matter and be added with his mycin and ethylparaben of food preservative sodium, wherein: the mass concentration of Tea Polyphenols in edible film forming matter is 0.03～0.15%, the mass concentration of phytic acid in edible film forming matter is 0.1～0.3%, the mass concentration of his mycin of sodium in edible film forming matter is 0.02～0.03 ‰, and the mass concentration of ethylparaben in edible film forming matter is 0.012～0.03 ‰.
The cut-out section of bamboo shoots after the described liquid nitrogen that step (1) is obtained is processed floods in bubble-free described coating liquid, is that the coating liquid in the container is flooded to 1～2 centimeters of the bamboo shoot body more than the cut-out section of distance bamboo shoots.
The bamboo shoots that the bamboo shoot body except cut-out section that described selection cleans up and drains does not have other machinery to hinder, be preferred select to gather do not have the 6:00～9:00 in early morning of rainfall in front 6～12 hours, adopt the bamboo shoot shovel, near bamboo whip junction, set level the bamboo shoot shovel and cut off the bamboo shoots that bamboo shoots obtain.To make the cut-out section of bamboo shoots vertical with the bamboo shoot body when cutting off bamboo shoots, to reduce the area of cut-out section as far as possible.
Described cleaning is with the tender tips of bamboo shoot of bamboo shoots down, washes bamboo shoots with running water, drains the running water on bamboo shoots surface.The cut-out section of bamboo shoots after draining can further cut smooth; Make cut-out section keep minimum area as far as possible.
The described bamboo shoots that obtain are placed in the packaging bag stored, preferably to select white or the black PE film packaging bag (can be made into packaging bag that size be 40 * 60cm) of making of thickness between 0.03～0.08mm, and make a call at random the aperture of 5～8 3～5mm with it in packaging bag, fitly be placed in the bamboo shoots that obtain in the packaging bag, do not reinstall bamboo shoots when installing to from sack 10～20cm place, (available rubber band or fine cloth bar fasten with the sack gathering and after tying, needn't be too tight, be advisable can naturally not scatter), it is to deposit in 5 ± 3 ℃ the low temperature storage that packaged bamboo shoots are stored in temperature.
The described temperature that is stored in is to deposit in 5 ± 3 ℃ the low temperature storage, is to adopt frame to hide to deposit, and puts the packaging bag that one deck packing has bamboo shoots on every layer of frame, and all the other management expectancys according to the low temperature storehouse manage.
Described bamboo shoots are the larger bamboo shoots of cut-out section such as spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens, mao bamboon winter bamboo shoot, sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot, bambusa lapidea shoots, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii bamboo shoot or the sweet imperial bamboo shoots of Bo Shi.
The present invention utilizes the physical method of liquid nitrogen frozen to process otch, and carry out otch in conjunction with the wound coating liquid that contains antioxidant and food preservative and film, inhibition wound respiration intensity, inhibition moisture evaporate, suppress microorganism in a large number from otch invades from otch, reach and keep within a certain period of time fresh state of bamboo shoots, with convenient transportation, Adjusting market dull and rush season.
The physical method of the liquid nitrogen frozen that the present invention adopts is processed otch, and the physical methods such as microwave, irradiation, plasma that are different from other fresh-keeping employing are processed otch.Liquid nitrogen is processed the tissue that only relates to the liquid nitrogen contact, on all the other directly impacts of noncontact part nothing; And other methods such as microwave, irradiation, plasma have penetrability, be difficult to accomplish only to process bamboo shoots a certain position and to not processing at other position; Irradiation, microwave have injury to operating personnel, and liquid nitrogen except maloperation to operating personnel without injury.The present invention only processes for otch, and prior art is to process for whole bamboo shoots.
The coating method that the present invention adopts is local film, 1～2 cm height place of the bamboo shoot body that only closely links to each other for otch and with otch, and other technology is for the filming of whole bamboo shoot body, the consumption of the use amount of plastics in the present invention.
The present invention adopts the liquid nitrogen of nontoxic pollution-free to process otch; then adopt the method for protection otch; can within the shelf-life, keep color and luster, the not transition of maintenance moisture of new fresh bamboo shoots to scatter and disappear, protect not microbial contamination of otch, keep to greatest extent nutritive value and the commodity value of bamboo shoots.Be adapted at the bamboo shoot product and season carry out large-scale industrial production.
It is original creation of the present invention that liquid nitrogen is processed otch.In the fruit of mature characteristic, fresh-keeping of vegetables are arranged, at first be to remove to have the fruit (or vegetables) that machinery is hindered; And for bamboo shoots, separate with parent (bamboo whip) and namely to form large wound (significantly machinery is hindered), rejecting in bamboo shoots has mechanical being difficult to of hindering to accomplish, therefore want the refreshing bamboo shoots can be from its characteristics---large otch (machinery wound) is set about, handle " curing the wound " work that machinery is hindered well, just can play good fresh-keeping effect.Liquid nitrogen is processed two large benefits: the first, on food security without impact, nontoxic non-environmental-pollution; The second, only act on the contact site, without direct effect, can not damage other edible tissue to other edible part, on the quality of bamboo shoot meat without impact.
Whether another characteristics of the present invention are only to film at wound (cut-out section), do not consider with the composition of other coating liquid similarly, and coating method is different at least.Other coating method is to film in the whole body, and the present invention only films at otch, and the use amount of coating liquid can greatly reduce, and obviously saves cost.Except otch, the bamboo shoots outside is surrounded by very thick bamboo shoot shell, and bamboo shoot meat is had natural barrier protection effect, also can keep faint breath unimpeded, if film in the whole body, must breathing that keep basic life be exerted an influence, and makes bamboo shoot meat generation peculiar smell; The present invention's otch of only filming, the respiration channel on the bamboo shoot shell does not stop up, and therefore generally can not produce the peculiar smell that expiratory dyspnea causes.
The methods such as the present invention has provided further also that the bamboo shoots that are fit to this preservation technique are gathered, the packing of filming, process rear bamboo shoot of the processing of the finishing of the cleaning of the selection of fresh-keeping bamboo shoot material, raw material, otch, liquid nitrogen, cut-out section and storage, it is a kind of preservation method for bamboo shoots of inhibition wound respiration of system, both having adapted to the particularity of bamboo shoots growth, also is a kind of brand-new fruit and vegetable preservation technique.By the wound respiration that suppresses to adopt rear bamboo shoots, effectively reduced the consumption of the Nutrients in the bamboo shoot body and scattering and disappearing of moisture, kept nutritional quality and organoleptic quality after bamboo shoots store, improved edibility and commodity value.
The present invention is particularly suitable for there is not insect pest, except cut-out section the bamboo shoot body do not have that machinery is hindered, bamboo shoot shape better, the bamboo shoot shell is complete and color is good bamboo shoots fresh-keeping, so more can ensure the quality of products and obtain preferably economic worth; It is low that method of the present invention is easy to grasp, easy operating and input cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. the cut-out section design sketch of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens storage in the time of 15 days of the application different disposal method of the embodiment of the invention 1; Wherein:
A. the edible film forming matter of liquid nitrogen+contain antioxidant and food preservative is filmed;
B. liquid nitrogen+edible film forming matter is filmed;
C. contrast (filming without liquid nitrogen+nothing).
Fig. 2. (ordinate represents respiratory intensity to the embodiment of the invention 1, and its respiratory intensity is: Y value * 10 in the respiratory intensity of the spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens of 8 ℃ of lower storages
-2Mg CO
2Kg
-1Bamboo shoots h
-1) with the change curve of processing the rear time.
Process 1: liquid nitrogen+edible film forming matter is filmed;
Process 2: the edible film forming matter of liquid nitrogen+contain antioxidant and food preservative is filmed;
Contrast: film without liquid nitrogen+nothing.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1), spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens is gathered
In April, 2009, selection is gathered does not have the 6:00～9:00 in early morning of rainfall in front 6 hours, adopt the bamboo shoot shovel, push spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens earth on every side aside, near bamboo whip junction, set level the bamboo shoot shovel and cut off spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens, make the cut-out section of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens vertical with the bamboo shoot body as far as possible, to reduce the area of cut-out section;
(2), clean spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens
With step (1) gather the spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens that obtains the tender tips of bamboo shoot down, wash spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens with running water, wash the cut-out section that is attached to spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens and the earth on bamboo shoot shell surface off, reduce the quantity of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens surface microorganism, drain the running water on spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens surface, prevent that running water is residual between the bamboo shoot shell;
(3), cut-out section finishing
On the chopping block of wash clean or on the stainless operating table surface, the cut-out section cutting of the spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens after with the cutter of keen edge step (2) being drained is smooth, check during cutting the cross section around, make the bamboo shoot body no longer leave machinery and hinder, make cut-out section keep minimum area as far as possible;
(4), liquid nitrogen is processed
180 of the more consistent spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens of the bamboo shoot shape that step (3) that selection does not have other machinery to hinder without the bamboo shoot body except cut-out section of disease and pest obtains are divided into 3 groups, every group of 60 bamboo shoot;
Liquid nitrogen is poured in the level tray, and the liquid nitrogen severity control is at 3～5mm, and the cut-out section of above-mentioned first group and second group each 60 spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens is immersed in the liquid nitrogen, keeps afterwards taking-up in 15～50 seconds;
(5), cut-out section is filmed
Be that 3.8～10.8% coating liquid (contains mass concentration and be 3～7% sodium alginate with mass concentration, mass concentration is 0.5～0.8% sodium carboxymethylcellulose, mass concentration is that 1～2% pectin or mass concentration are that 0.3～0.8% guar gum or mass concentration are 1～3% gelatin, surplus is water) pour in the level tray, the degree of depth is 6～8mm, the cut-out section of first group of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens after the liquid nitrogen that step (4) is obtained is processed floods (coating liquid in the pallet is flooded to 1～2 centimeters of the bamboo shoot body more than the cut-out section of distance spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens) in bubble-free described coating liquid, make the cut-out section of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens be stained with equably coating liquid; Then spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens is put on shelf, and make cut-out section not with other object contact, natural drying 50 minutes film forming;
The above-mentioned coating liquid that will be added with antioxidant (contain mass concentration be in above-mentioned coating liquid 0.1% Tea Polyphenols contain mass concentration be 0.1% phytic acid) and anticorrisive agent (containing mass concentration and be his mycin of 0.02 ‰ sodium in above-mentioned coating liquid and containing mass concentration is 0.015 ‰ ethylparaben) is poured in the level tray, the degree of depth is 6～8mm, the cut-out section of second group of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens after the liquid nitrogen that step (4) is obtained is processed floods (coating liquid in the pallet is flooded to 1～2 centimeters of the bamboo shoot body more than the cut-out section of distance spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens) in this bubble-free described coating liquid, make the cut-out section of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens be stained with equably coating liquid; Then spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens is put on shelf, and make cut-out section not with other object contact, natural drying 50 minutes film forming;
The 3rd group of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens processed without liquid nitrogen and filmed;
(6), packing
Select white or the black PE film of thickness between 0.03～0.08mm to make the packaging bag that size is 40 * 60cm, and make a call at random the aperture of 5～8 3～5mm with it at bag, 3 groups of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens that step (5) is obtained fitly are placed in the packaging bag respectively, do not reinstall spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens when installing to from sack 10～20cm place, with rubber band sack is drawn in and ties;
(7), storage
It is to deposit on the shelf in 8 ℃ the low temperature storage that the packaged 3 groups of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens of step (6) are stored in temperature, and the packaging bag of putting one deck packing spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens on every layer of frame.Respiratory intensity at 8 ℃ of lower spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens of preserving sees also Fig. 2 with the variation of processing the rear time.
The 3rd group of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens storage is in the time of 5 days, and its cut-out section color begins dimmed; When storing 12 days, the cut-out section of some spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens begins to occur the spot that rots; When storing 21 days, all spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens all have the cut-out section shape that rots, and whole the spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens that has is rotten.The cut-out section design sketch of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens storage in the time of 15 days is shown in Fig. 1 c.
First group of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens storage is in the time of 24 days, it is dimmed that some spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens begin cut-out section to occur, when storing 33 days, little rotten spot appears in the cut-out section of some spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens slightly, stores the cut-out section color compared with normal that still has 2/3 spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens after 60 days and the spot that rots do not occur.The cut-out section design sketch of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens storage in the time of 15 days is shown in Fig. 1 b.
Second group of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens storage did not find that still the cut-out section color significantly changes in the time of 60 days, the cut-out section place spot that also almost rots, and the overall moisture loss of bamboo shoot does not surpass 7%.The cut-out section design sketch of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens storage in the time of 15 days as shown in Figure 1a.
2010 from Linan City's mao bamboo woods high yields Demonstration Base spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens 600kg that gathers, and gathers not rain in front 12 hours; Be divided into equally 3 groups, adopt the method identical with said method to process, be stored in 8 ℃, same rule basically occurred.
Mao bamboon winter bamboo shoot (the similar spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens of bamboo shoot shape of gathering on March 7th, 2011, the mao bamboon winter bamboo shoot stature in ratio 1, February is much larger) 200kg, that chooses the similar mao bamboon winter bamboo shoot equivalent of cross-sectional sizes is divided into 3 groups at random, processes by the method for front equally, is stored in 2 ℃.March 25 did not begin to occur the spot that rots through the cut-out section of liquid nitrogen and the mao bamboon winter bamboo shoot of filming, and the cut-out section of the mao bamboon winter bamboo shoot that April 1 is all has rotting in various degree.By first group of mao bamboon winter bamboo shoot that the method for processing is processed in above-mentioned 2009, the cut-out section of mao bamboon winter bamboo shoot on the 1st begins dimmed April, April 17 the mao bamboon winter bamboo shoot the cut-out section spot that occur to rot, May 7, cut-out section occur the rotting bamboo shoot number of spot of mao bamboon winter bamboo shoot was 21% of total bamboo shoot number.The mao bamboon winter bamboo shoot of processing by second group processing method in 2009, in May 7 the mao bamboon winter bamboo shoot the cut-out section color without significant change, do not have obvious dehydration to cause the performance that vascular bundle is outstanding yet.At storage 60 days the time, select the cut-out sections of mao bamboon winter bamboo shoot still to do without the mao bamboon winter bamboo shoot of significant change without rotten spot, color and cook evaluation, found that the bamboo shoot quality still more crisp, mouthfeel is better.
180 of the more consistent spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens of the bamboo shoot shape that step (3) that selection does not have other machinery to hinder without the bamboo shoot body except cut-out section of disease and pest obtains, and the cut-out section of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens put into level tray down, then in pallet, topple over liquid nitrogen, the liquid nitrogen liquid level rises to and stops to add liquid nitrogen when flooding spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens 3～5mm, kept 15～50 seconds, first removing near the spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens at the liquid nitrogen place of pouring into, move apart at last and pour liquid nitrogen place spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens farthest into, then spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens is moved on in the coating liquid; By the sequencing that moves apart liquid nitrogen 60 spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens are divided into 1 group, totally 3 groups, the spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens after the liquid nitrogen processing are processed by above-mentioned steps (5), (6), (7).Similar result has also appearred basically.
Embodiment 2
(1), the sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot are gathered
In July, 2010 is in sinocalamus latiflorus woods experiment and demonstration base, Yongan City, Fujian Province county, selection is gathered does not have the 6:00～9:00 in early morning of rainfall in front 9 hours, adopt the bamboo shoot shovel to push sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot earth on every side aside, near bamboo whip junction, set level the bamboo shoot shovel and cut off the sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot, make the cut-out section of sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot vertical with the bamboo shoot body, to reduce the area of cut-out section as far as possible;
(2), clean the sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot
With step (1) gather the sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot that obtain the tender tips of bamboo shoot down, with running water flushing sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot, wash the cut-out section that is attached to the sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot and the earth on bamboo shoot shell surface off, reduce the quantity of sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot surface microorganism, drain the running water on sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot surface, prevent that running water is residual between the bamboo shoot shell;
(3), cut-out section finishing
On the chopping block of wash clean or on the stainless operating table surface, the cut-out section cutting of sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot after with the cutter of keen edge step (2) being drained is smooth, check during cutting the cross section around, make the bamboo shoot body no longer leave machinery and hinder, make cut-out section keep minimum area as far as possible;
(4), liquid nitrogen is processed
150 in the more consistent sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot of the bamboo shoot shape that step (3) that selection does not have other machinery to hinder without the bamboo shoot body except cut-out section of disease and pest obtains are divided into 5 groups, every group of 30 bamboo shoot;
Liquid nitrogen is poured in the level tray, and the liquid nitrogen severity control is at 3～5mm, and the cut-out sections of above-mentioned first group and second group each 30 sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot is immersed in the liquid nitrogen, keeps afterwards taking-up in 15～50 seconds;
The cut-out section of above-mentioned the 3rd group and the 4th group each 30 sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot is put into level tray down, then topple over liquid nitrogen in pallet, the liquid nitrogen liquid level rises to and stops to add liquid nitrogen when flooding sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot 3～5mm, keeps taking out afterwards in 15～50 seconds;
(5), cut-out section is filmed
Be that 3.8～10.8% coating liquid (contains mass concentration and be 3～7% sodium alginate with mass concentration, mass concentration is 0.5～0.8% sodium carboxymethylcellulose, mass concentration is that 1～2% pectin or mass concentration are that 0.3～0.8% guar gum or mass concentration are 1～3% gelatin, surplus is water) pour in the level tray, the degree of depth is 6～8mm, the cut-out section of first group and the 3rd group sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot after the liquid nitrogen that step (4) is obtained is processed floods (coating liquid in the pallet is flooded to 1～2 centimeters of the bamboo shoot body more than the cut-out section of distance sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot) in bubble-free described coating liquid, make the cut-out section of sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot be stained with equably coating liquid; Then the sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot are put on shelf, and make cut-out section not with other object contact, natural drying 30 minutes film forming;
The above-mentioned coating liquid that will be added with antioxidant (containing mass concentration and be 0.03% Tea Polyphenols in above-mentioned coating liquid and containing mass concentration is 0.3% phytic acid) and anticorrisive agent (containing mass concentration and be his mycin of 0.03 ‰ sodium and mass concentration in above-mentioned coating liquid is 0.012 ‰ ethylparaben) is poured in the level tray, the degree of depth is 6～8mm, the cut-out section of second group and the 4th group sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot after the liquid nitrogen that step (4) is obtained is processed floods (coating liquid in the pallet is flooded to 1～2 centimeters of the bamboo shoot body more than the cut-out section of distance sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot) in this bubble-free described coating liquid, make the cut-out section of sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot be stained with equably coating liquid; Then the sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot are put on shelf, and make cut-out section not with other object contact, natural drying 30 minutes film forming;
The 5th group of sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot are processed without liquid nitrogen and film;
(6), packing
Select white or the black PE film of thickness between 0.03～0.08mm to make the packaging bag that size is 40 * 60cm, and make a call at random the aperture of 5～8 3～5mm with it at bag, 5 groups of sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot that step (5) is obtained fitly are placed in the packaging bag respectively, do not reinstall the sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot when installing to from sack 10～20cm place, with rubber band sack is drawn in and ties;
(7), storage
It is to deposit on the shelf in 4 ℃ the freezer that the packaged 5 groups of sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot of step (6) are stored in temperature, and puts the packaging bag of one deck packing sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot on every layer of frame.
The 5th group of sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot stored 8 days, and its cut-out section color begins to change; Stored 15 days, the cut-out section of sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot begins to occur the shape that rots; Stored 27 days, the cut-out section of all sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot has rotten spot, and 50% sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot have lost edibility.
First group of sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot stored 24 days, and its cut-out section begins to occur color browning and rotten spot; When storing 45 days, the bamboo shoot number that rotten spot appears in the cut-out section of sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot is 32% of total bamboo shoot number.
The 3rd group of sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot storage is after 22 days, and its cut-out section begins to occur fragmentary blackspot and water stain; When storing 45 days, the bamboo shoot number that rotting appears in the cut-out section of sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot is organized 35% of total bamboo shoot number for this.
Second group and the 4th group of sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot storage are in the time of 45 days, and large rotten spot does not still appear in its cut-out section.
Embodiment 3
(1) Dendrocalamopsis oldhami is gathered
Before gathering, Ruian, Wenzhou do not have the 6:00～9:00 in early morning of rainfall in August, 2010 in 6 hours, adopt bamboo shoot to shovel green bamboo (water chestnut) bamboo shoot of gathering, cutting off the sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot near bamboo whip junction, make the cut-out section of sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot vertical with the bamboo shoot body, to reduce the area of cut-out section as far as possible;
(2) clean Dendrocalamopsis oldhami
With step (1) gather the Dendrocalamopsis oldhami that obtains the tender tips of bamboo shoot down, wash Dendrocalamopsis oldhami with running water, wash the cut-out section that is attached to Dendrocalamopsis oldhami and the earth on bamboo shoot shell surface off, reduce the quantity of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami surface microorganism, drain the running water on Dendrocalamopsis oldhami surface, prevent that running water is residual between the bamboo shoot shell;
(3) cut-out section finishing
On the stainless steel operating table surface of wash clean, the cut-out section cutting of the Dendrocalamopsis oldhami after with the cutter of keen edge step (2) being drained is smooth, check during cutting the cross section around, make the bamboo shoot body no longer leave machinery and hinder, make cut-out section keep minimum area as far as possible;
(4) liquid nitrogen is processed
180 of the more consistent Dendrocalamopsis oldhamis of the bamboo shoot shape that step (3) that selection does not have other machinery to hinder without the bamboo shoot body except cut-out section of disease and pest obtains are divided into 5 groups, every group of 36 bamboo shoot;
Liquid nitrogen is poured in the level tray, and the liquid nitrogen severity control is at 3～5mm, and the cut-out section of above-mentioned first group and second group each 30 Dendrocalamopsis oldhami is immersed in the liquid nitrogen, keeps afterwards taking-up in 15～50 seconds;
The cut-out section of above-mentioned the 3rd group and the 4th group each 30 Dendrocalamopsis oldhami is put into level tray down, then topple over liquid nitrogen in pallet, the liquid nitrogen liquid level rises to and stops to add liquid nitrogen when flooding Dendrocalamopsis oldhami 3～5mm, keeps taking out afterwards in 15～50 seconds;
(5), cut-out section is filmed
Be that 3.8～10.8% coating liquid (contains mass concentration and be 3～7% sodium alginate with mass concentration, mass concentration is 0.5～0.8% sodium carboxymethylcellulose, mass concentration is that 1～2% pectin or mass concentration are that 0.3～0.8% guar gum or mass concentration are 1～3% gelatin, surplus is water) pour in the level tray, the degree of depth is 6～8mm, the cut-out section of first group and the 3rd group Dendrocalamopsis oldhami after the liquid nitrogen that step (4) is obtained is processed floods (coating liquid in the pallet is flooded to 1～2 centimeters of the bamboo shoot body more than the cut-out section of distance Dendrocalamopsis oldhami) in bubble-free described coating liquid, make the cut-out section of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami be stained with equably coating liquid; Then Dendrocalamopsis oldhami is put on shelf, and make cut-out section not with other object contact, natural drying 30 minutes film forming;
The above-mentioned coating liquid that will be added with antioxidant (contain mass concentration and be 0.15% Tea Polyphenols and mass concentration in above-mentioned coating liquid be 0.1% phytic acid) and anticorrisive agent (contain mass concentration and be his mycin of 0.02 ‰ sodium and mass concentration in above-mentioned coating liquid be 0.03 ‰ ethylparaben) is poured in the level tray, the degree of depth is 6～8mm, the cut-out section of second group and the 4th group Dendrocalamopsis oldhami after the liquid nitrogen that step (4) is obtained is processed floods (coating liquid in the pallet is flooded to 1～2 centimeters of the bamboo shoot body more than the cut-out section of distance Dendrocalamopsis oldhami) in bubble-free described coating liquid, make the cut-out section of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami be stained with equably coating liquid; Then Dendrocalamopsis oldhami is put on shelf, and make cut-out section not with other object contact, natural drying 30 minutes film forming;
The 5th group of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami processed without liquid nitrogen and filmed;
(6), packing
Select white or the black PE film of thickness between 0.03～0.08mm to make the packaging bag that size is 40 * 60cm, and make a call at random the aperture of 5～8 3～5mm with it at bag, 5 groups of Dendrocalamopsis oldhamis that step (5) is obtained fitly are placed in the packaging bag respectively, do not reinstall Dendrocalamopsis oldhami when installing to from sack 10～20cm place, with rubber band sack is drawn in and ties;
(7), storage
It is to deposit on the shelf in 5 ℃ the freezer that the packaged 5 groups of Dendrocalamopsis oldhamis of step (6) are stored in temperature, and the packaging bag of putting one deck packing Dendrocalamopsis oldhami on every layer of frame.
The 5th group of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami storage is in the time of 3 days, and its cut-out section begins to occur browning; When storing 7 days, all the cut-out section of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami has browning in various degree, and the cut-out section of some Dendrocalamopsis oldhamis has rotten spot to occur.
First group and the 3rd group of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami storage are in the time of 7 days, and its cut-out section has moth patch to occur; When storing 15 days, the cut-out section of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami has moth patch to occur, but the moth patch area surpassed the cut-out section area half the total number of the not enough Dendrocalamopsis oldhami of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami number 27%, and the degree of depth of brown is more shallow.
Second group and the 4th group of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami storage are in the time of 12 days, and its cut-out section has moth patch to occur; When storing 15 days, only have the cut-out section of 3 Dendrocalamopsis oldhamis the brown spot to occur, and the gross area of brown spot approximately only account for 10% of cut-out section area.
Claims (10)
1. the preservation method for bamboo shoots of rear wound respiration is adopted in an inhibition, it is characterized in that, described method may further comprise the steps:
(1), liquid nitrogen is poured in the container, the bamboo shoot body except cut-out section of selecting to clean up and drain does not have the bamboo shoots of other machinery wound, and the cut-out section of bamboo shoots is immersed in the liquid nitrogen, keeps 15～50 seconds, then bamboo shoots is moved on in the coating liquid; Or
The bamboo shoots that selection bamboo shoot body except cut-out section does not have other machinery to hinder, and the cut-out section of bamboo shoots put into container down, then in container, topple over liquid nitrogen, when rising to the cut-out section that flooded bamboo shoots, the liquid level of liquid nitrogen stops to add liquid nitrogen, kept 15～50 seconds, and then bamboo shoots were moved on in the coating liquid;
(2), coating liquid is poured in the container, the liquid nitrogen degree of depth when degree of depth of the coating liquid in the container is deeper than liquid nitrogen processing bamboo shoots, the cut-out section of bamboo shoots after the liquid nitrogen that step (1) is obtained is processed floods in bubble-free described coating liquid, makes the cut-out section of bamboo shoots be stained with equably coating liquid; Then bamboo shoots are put on shelf, and make cut-out section not with other object contact, blow with auxiliary coating liquid film forming with 30～35 ℃ hot blasts, or natural drying film forming; Then the bamboo shoots that obtain are placed in the packaging bag and store;
Described coating liquid is edible film forming matter.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mass concentration of described edible film forming matter is 3.8～10.8%.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cut-out section of the bamboo shoots after the described liquid nitrogen that step (1) is obtained is processed floods in bubble-free described coating liquid, is that the coating liquid in the container is flooded to 1～2 centimeters of the bamboo shoot body more than the cut-out section of distance bamboo shoots.
4. according to claim 1 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that: the liquid nitrogen severity control in the described container is between 3～5mm;
The degree of depth of the coating liquid in the described container is 6～8mm.
5. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that: contain mass concentration in the described edible film forming matter and be 3～7% sodium alginate, mass concentration and be 0.5～0.8% sodium carboxymethylcellulose, mass concentration and be 1～2% pectin or mass concentration and be 0.3～0.8% guar gum or mass concentration and be 1～3% gelatin, surplus is water.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: be added with antioxidant Tea Polyphenols and phytic acid in the described edible film forming matter and be added with his mycin and ethylparaben of food preservative sodium, wherein: the mass concentration of Tea Polyphenols in edible film forming matter is 0.03～0.15%, the mass concentration of phytic acid in edible film forming matter is 0.1～0.3%, the mass concentration of his mycin of sodium in edible film forming matter is 0.02～0.03 ‰, and the mass concentration of ethylparaben in edible film forming matter is 0.012～0.03 ‰.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described cleaning is with the tender tips of bamboo shoot of bamboo shoots down, washes bamboo shoots with running water.
8. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described bamboo shoots that obtain are placed in the packaging bag stored, to select white or the black PE film packaging bag of making of thickness between 0.03～0.08mm, and make a call at random the aperture of 5～8 3～5mm with it in packaging bag, fitly be placed in the bamboo shoots that obtain in the packaging bag, do not reinstall bamboo shoots when installing to from sack 10～20cm place, after sack drawn in and tie, it was to deposit in 5 ± 3 ℃ the low temperature storage that packaged bamboo shoots are stored in temperature.
9. method according to claim 8 is characterized in that: the described temperature that is stored in is to deposit in 5 ± 3 ℃ the low temperature storage, is to adopt frame to hide to deposit, and puts the packaging bag that one deck packing has bamboo shoots on every layer of frame.
10. according to claim 1,3,7,8 or 9 described methods, it is characterized in that: described bamboo shoots are the sweet imperial bamboo shoots of spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens, mao bamboon winter bamboo shoot, sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot, bambusa lapidea shoots, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii bamboo shoot or Bo Shi.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103444862A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-12-18 | 南京年吉冷冻食品有限公司 | Preparation method of preservative for water rice |
| CN106769281A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 国家林业局竹子研究开发中心 | A kind of bamboo shoots bamboo shoot meat analyzes the method for making sample of sample |
| CN107197933A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-09-26 | 合肥元政农林生态科技有限公司 | A kind of processing method for keeping fresh of bamboo shoots |
| CN107535589A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-01-05 | 徐嘉璐 | A kind of fresh bamboo shoots incision protection agent of active component containing inorganic nano and method |
| CN110037098A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-23 | 浙江大学 | For controlling the composite preservative of postharvest diseases of fruit |
| CN113331251A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-03 | 国家林业和草原局竹子研究开发中心 | Liquid nitrogen quick-freezing preservation method for fresh bamboo shoots |
| CN113907131A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-01-11 | 南京林业大学 | Fresh-keeping method for phyllostachys pracecox shoots with shells |
| CN115005267A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-09-06 | 湖北燕金生态农业发展有限公司 | Winter bamboo shoot preservation device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103444862A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-12-18 | 南京年吉冷冻食品有限公司 | Preparation method of preservative for water rice |
| CN106769281A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 国家林业局竹子研究开发中心 | A kind of bamboo shoots bamboo shoot meat analyzes the method for making sample of sample |
| CN107197933A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-09-26 | 合肥元政农林生态科技有限公司 | A kind of processing method for keeping fresh of bamboo shoots |
| CN107535589A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-01-05 | 徐嘉璐 | A kind of fresh bamboo shoots incision protection agent of active component containing inorganic nano and method |
| CN110037098A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-23 | 浙江大学 | For controlling the composite preservative of postharvest diseases of fruit |
| CN110037098B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2022-07-26 | 浙江大学 | Composite antistaling agent for controlling postharvest disease of fruit |
| CN113331251A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-03 | 国家林业和草原局竹子研究开发中心 | Liquid nitrogen quick-freezing preservation method for fresh bamboo shoots |
| CN113331251B (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2022-09-20 | 国家林业和草原局竹子研究开发中心 | Liquid nitrogen quick-freezing preservation method for fresh bamboo shoots |
| CN113907131A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-01-11 | 南京林业大学 | Fresh-keeping method for phyllostachys pracecox shoots with shells |
| CN115005267A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-09-06 | 湖北燕金生态农业发展有限公司 | Winter bamboo shoot preservation device and method |
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