CN102944814A - Power distribution network single-phase earth fault locating method based on transient state - Google Patents
Power distribution network single-phase earth fault locating method based on transient state Download PDFInfo
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- CN102944814A CN102944814A CN2012104927811A CN201210492781A CN102944814A CN 102944814 A CN102944814 A CN 102944814A CN 2012104927811 A CN2012104927811 A CN 2012104927811A CN 201210492781 A CN201210492781 A CN 201210492781A CN 102944814 A CN102944814 A CN 102944814A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for detecting faults in cables, transmission lines or networks, in particular to a power distribution network single-phase earth fault locating method based on a transient state. The method includes: first, determining fault section in a large range according to a flow direction of detecting point transient current, and then determining a final fault section according to the similarity of zero-module current waveforms between two adjacent detecting points. The current waveform similarity calculating processing adopts a general correlation coefficient calculating method and a maximum correlation coefficient calculating method respectively. The technical scheme is that the method is a passive route selection method which is high in locating success rate and efficiency and not subject to effects of unstable arc and intermittent arc, an additional high-voltage primary device or movement coordination of other primary devices is not required, and high safety is achieved. Outage is not required for installing and detecting, and required installing space is small.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for the fault in a kind of exploration cable, transmission line or the network, particularly a kind of one-phase earthing failure in electric distribution network localization method based on transient signal.
Background technology
Single-phase earthing is the primary failure mode of power distribution network, accounts for about 80% of fault sum, and as considering higher, the easy uncared-for instantaneity earth fault of occurrence frequency, its shared ratio is just higher.When medium voltage distribution network breaks down, definite faulty line (failure line selection) that need to carry out, determine abort situation (localization of fault), the automatism isolation of fault section (adaptive trip), purpose be the excision fault, avoid having a power failure or reducing frequency of power cut and power off time, improve power supply reliability.
The distribution network failure location is divided into fault localization and fault section location.Distance-finding method is broadly divided into impedance method, injection method and traveling wave method by principle; Can be divided into single-ended method, both-end method and multiterminal method by measuring junction; By whether being divided into online online telemetry and off-line telemetry.
The voltage and current amount that impedance method is measured by fault moment calculates the impedance of fault loop, because line length is directly proportional with impedance, just can obtain fault distance.Yet in the many distribution systems of multiple-limb, be difficult to accurately differentiate true, pseudo-fault point.
Injection method is to inject the concrete trouble spot of certain signal framing by the backward system of fault that exists of fault, mainly contains port-fault diagnosis, adds letter transfer function method and S injection method etc.The S injection method is the voltage transformer (VT) Injection Current signal that leaves unused for the time being when utilizing fault, seeks the path of Injection Signal and carry out route selection and location in faulty line.
Traveling wave method is present operating position distance-finding method preferably on transmission line of electricity, mainly utilize the information of the capable wave amplitude of three-phase and phase place to determine fault phase, determine the fault distance of transmission line of electricity by measuring voltage, the travel-time of current traveling wave between trouble spot and bus.
But because distribution net work structure is complicated, branch is many, existing power distribution network distance-finding method all has certain limitation, can not be applied to preferably the accurate fault location of power distribution network.
Low current grounding location is as the basis take the special-purpose fault detector of installing along circuit or DOA system terminal, the electric current and voltage information or the additional current information of miscellaneous equipment that utilize fault to produce, artificial or system determines the section of fault between which two indicator or terminal automatically.
From technology itself, utilize the amplitude of power frequency zero-sequence current and the flow direction (polarity) relation also can realize localization of fault for isolated neutral system.There is at present the single failure indicator to adopt this principle.But because more and more general through the mode of grounding through arc, the power distribution network overwhelming majority who particularly implements DOA be through the grounding through arc mode, this with regard to the application that seriously limited this principle particularly in the application of DOA system.
At present the low current grounding location technology mainly is to utilize the primary equipment action to produce larger power frequency extra current, perhaps injects the active localization method of particular current signal in the system.Yet, active location technology yet there are no application report in the DOA system, its application mainly concentrates in the fault detector at present, position success rate depend on the extra current signal amplitude and with the feature difference of power frequency, be subjected to unstable arc and intermittent electric arc influence serious, can not detect instantaneity earth fault; Need the additional high-pressure primary equipment, or the method that needs other primary equipment action to cooperate, system is formed larger potential safety hazard.As because failure and other reasons, the resistance of input can not in time excise and will be burnt.Increased the fault current of trouble spot, maximum can reach tens of amperes, although it is shorter to increase the time of electric current, reduce the original intention that fault current is beneficial to automatic blow-out but also deviated from, strengthened the destructiveness of trouble spot, particularly may cause the even more serious faults such as line to line fault for cable fault, primary system is also had to a certain degree impact; In addition, adjust or the installation that must have a power failure of the method for additional primary equipment, and required installing space is large in the transformer station.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide according to the deficiencies in the prior art part that a kind of locating accuracy is high, success ratio is high, be not subjected to electric arc influence, safe, the one-phase earthing failure in electric distribution network localization method based on transient signal of the installation and measuring that can not have a power failure.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following approach:
Based on the one-phase earthing failure in electric distribution network localization method of transient signal, its main points are, comprise the steps:
A kind of data acquisition unit is provided, and it gathers the transient zero-sequence current i of each check point in the setting regions electrical network
0(t) and residual voltage u
0(t);
Provide a kind of data calculation processing unit, the transient zero-sequence current i of each check point that its receive data collecting unit gathers
0(t) and residual voltage u
0And calculate the direction coefficient D of each check point transient current (t):
If D〉0, then transient current flows to circuit, and the trouble spot is positioned at the check point updrift side; If D＜0, then transient current flows to bus, and the trouble spot is positioned at the check point downstream direction; Select the last D＜0 check point and first D〉section between 0 check point is the pre-service fault section, this pre-service fault section of mark, and store;
In the pre-service fault section of institute's mark, data acquisition unit further gathers the transient state zero mould electric current of all check points;
The data calculation processing unit calculates the correlation coefficient ρ of transient state zero mould electric current between adjacent per two check points:
Setting the related coefficient threshold values is θ, if ρ〉θ, illustrate that the both sides transient state zero mould current waveform of the section between these adjacent two check points is similar, this section is non-fault section; If ρ＜θ illustrates that the both sides transient state zero mould current waveform of the section between these adjacent two check points is dissimilar, this section is fault section, and the mark fault section is also stored.
The present invention at first according to the definite fault section in a big way of the flow direction of check point transient current, then further determines final fault section according to the zero mould current waveform similarity between adjacent two check points.This is a kind of passive line selection mode, owing to screen through two subgradients, its bearing accuracy is high, can reach the following precision in stake resistance 1000 Europe, and position success rate and efficient are high, are not subjected to unstable arc and intermittent electric arc influence, need not the additional high-pressure primary equipment, or need other primary equipment action to cooperate, have higher security; And need not the installation and measuring that has a power failure, required installing space is also little.
Zero mould current waveform similarity principle between described adjacent two check points is specific as follows:
Correlation coefficient ρ has reacted two fixed waveform i
01(n) and i
02(n) similarity degree.Two each and every one signals are when consistent (equating), and ρ obtains maximal value 1; When two signals were fully irrelevant, ρ was 0.For the transient state zero mould electric current that non-fault section both sides FTU before the trouble spot detects, similarity degree is high, and related coefficient levels off to 1; For the transient state zero mould electric current that fault section both sides FTU detects, different wave shape is larger, and related coefficient is near 0.The correlation coefficient ρ of the detected transient state of a certain section both sides FTU zero mould electric current in the ground path, can be used for judging whether fault section of this section: if ρ〉(θ is threshold value to θ, value is between 0.5 to 0.8), illustrate that this section both sides transient state zero mould current waveform is similar, this section is non-fault section; If ρ＜θ illustrates that this section both sides transient state zero mould current waveform is dissimilar, this section is fault section.In concrete the application, at first compare line outlet place and the 1st transient state that FTU detects zero mould electric current, if ρ＜θ then is defined as fault section, if ρ〉θ then is non-fault section; Continue relatively the 1st and the 2nd transient state that FTU detects zero mould electric current, so analogize, until find till the fault section.
The present invention can also realize by following approach:
Based on the one-phase earthing failure in electric distribution network localization method of transient signal, its main points are, comprise the steps:
A kind of data acquisition unit is provided, and it gathers the transient zero-sequence current i of each check point in the setting regions electrical network
0(t) and residual voltage u
0(t);
Provide a kind of data calculation processing unit, the transient zero-sequence current i of each check point that its receive data collecting unit gathers
0(t) and residual voltage u
0And calculate the direction coefficient D of each check point transient current (t):
If D〉0, then transient current flows to circuit, and the trouble spot is positioned at the check point updrift side; If D＜0, then transient current flows to bus, and the trouble spot is positioned at the check point downstream direction; Select the last D＜0 check point and first D〉section between 0 check point is the pre-service fault section, this pre-service fault section of mark, and store;
In the pre-service fault section of institute's mark, data acquisition unit further gathers the transient state zero mould electric current of all check points;
The data calculation processing unit calculates the related coefficient μ of transient state zero mould electric current between adjacent per two check points
Max:
In the formula: i
01And i
02Be respectively the transient state zero mould electric current of adjacent two check points; N is sample sequence, and first sampling point n=1 is that fault occurs constantly; N is the data length of zero mould current signal; M is that the translation of zero mould current signal is counted, m=1, and 2,3 ..., M; M is maximal translation length;
Setting the related coefficient threshold values is θ, if ρ
Maxθ, illustrating that the both sides transient state zero mould current waveform of the section between these adjacent two check points is similar, this section is non-fault section; If ρ
Max＜θ illustrates that the both sides transient state zero mould current waveform of the section between these adjacent two check points is dissimilar, and this section is fault section, and the mark fault section is also stored.
Technical scheme of the present invention has adopted the maximum correlation coefficient method to process and calculate.The used data of Calculation of correlation factor are section two ends FTU(check points) the transient state zero mould current signal that gathers.Requiring two FTU to gather the signal that reports when calculating the signal correction coefficient keeps synchronously.In the FA system generally by main website realize each FTU synchronously to the time, time error is had several milliseconds, can exert an influence to Calculation of correlation factor, cause erroneous judgement.Existing equipment can't realize more accurate to the time situation under, can reduce the asynchronous error that causes by mathematical method, to satisfy the calculation requirement of related coefficient.Realize that the synchronous key issue of signal is exactly to make the fault initial time of the transient state zero mould current signal that each FTU gathers consistent.Signal to two waveform similarities, when the signal initial time is asynchronous, at first fix one of them signal as reference signal, with translation before and after the data window of another one signal, ask for simultaneously related coefficient, the related coefficient of the point that plyability is best is also maximum, and it is minimum that initial time differs, and can be similar to this moment and regard as synchronously.Therefore, can adopt the method for asking for maximum correlation coefficient to avoid the asynchronous error problem that brings of fault initial time, guarantee the reliability of calculating.
Because time error is had several milliseconds, therefore, generally according to on-the-spot main website to the time precision setting M length be 1ms ~ 3ms.For the transient state zero mould current signal of fault section both sides, the two is relevant hardly, even ask for maximum correlation coefficient, the gained related coefficient still satisfies the located in connection principle also close to 0.
The sample frequency of data acquisition unit is more than 8kHz, and sampling length was 1/4th cycles.
Because the distribution system main resonatnt frequency is generally about 2kHz, and the energy of transient signal mainly concentrates on front 1/4th cycles, therefore, sample frequency is chosen at more than the 8kHz, sampling length was chosen for for 1/4th cycles, the sampling thheorem requirement can be satisfied, required quantity of information can be guaranteed again to calculate.
In sum, the invention provides two kinds based on the one-phase earthing failure in electric distribution network localization method of transient signal, at first according to the definite fault section in a big way of the flow direction of check point transient current, then further determine final fault section according to the zero mould current waveform similarity between adjacent two check points.General Calculation of correlation factor and maximum correlation coefficient computing method have been adopted respectively in the computing of described current waveform similarity.Technical scheme of the present invention is a kind of passive line selection mode, and position success rate and efficient are high, are not subjected to unstable arc and intermittent electric arc influence, need not the additional high-pressure primary equipment, or needs other primary equipment action to cooperate, and has higher security; And need not the installation and measuring that has a power failure, required installing space is also little.
Description of drawings
Figure 1 shows that a kind of typical FA structure.
Specific embodiment
Most preferred embodiment:
Based on the one-phase earthing failure in electric distribution network localization method of transient signal, its main points are, comprise the steps:
A kind of data acquisition unit is provided, and it gathers the transient zero-sequence current i of each check point in the setting regions electrical network
0(t) and residual voltage u
0(t);
Provide a kind of data calculation processing unit, the transient zero-sequence current i of each check point that its receive data collecting unit gathers
0(t) and residual voltage u
0And calculate the direction coefficient D of each check point transient current (t):
If D〉0, then transient current flows to circuit, and the trouble spot is positioned at the check point updrift side; If D＜0, then transient current flows to bus, and the trouble spot is positioned at the check point downstream direction; Select the last D＜0 check point and first D〉section between 0 check point is the pre-service fault section, this pre-service fault section of mark, and store;
In the pre-service fault section of institute's mark, data acquisition unit further gathers the transient state zero mould electric current of all check points;
The data calculation processing unit calculates the correlation coefficient ρ of transient state zero mould electric current between adjacent per two check points:
Calculate the correlation coefficient ρ of transient state zero mould electric current between adjacent per two check points
Max:
In the formula: i
01And i
02Be respectively the transient state zero mould electric current of adjacent two check points; N is sample sequence, and first sampling point n=1 is that fault occurs constantly; N is the data length of zero mould current signal; M is that the translation of zero mould current signal is counted, m=1, and 2,3 ..., M; M is maximal translation length;
Setting the related coefficient threshold values is θ, if ρ is (or ρ
Max) θ (θ is threshold value, and value is between 0.5 to 0.8), illustrating that the both sides transient state zero mould current waveform of the section between these adjacent two check points is similar, this section is non-fault section; If ρ is (or ρ
Max)＜θ illustrates that the both sides transient state zero mould current waveform of the section between these adjacent two check points is dissimilar, and this section is fault section, and the mark fault section is also stored.
With reference to accompanying drawing 1, the example of the both sides transient state of the section between the adjacent two check points zero similar determination methods of mould current waveform is as follows: if fault occurs in section between QF1 and the QS11, compare QF1 and QS11 place transient state zero mould electric current, its ρ is close to 0, ρ＜θ can judge that thus this section is fault section; If fault occurs in section between QS11 and the QS12, at first compare QF1 and QS11 place transient state zero mould electric current, its ρ is close to 1, ρ〉θ, continue to compare transient state zero mould electric current between QS11 and the QS12, its ρ is close to 0, ρ＜θ can judge that thus this section is between QS11 and QS12; If fault occurs in section between QS11 and the QS12, and QS12 place and downstream FTU can't detect zero mould current signal, and between QF1 and the QS11 ρ of section close to 1, ρ〉θ, this situation can judge that the trouble spot is between QS11 and QS12 section.
In practical operation, can operate according to following flow process:
In view of the route selection reliability〉transient state direction reliability of positioning〉transient current similarity reliability of positioning, for the DOA system that can gather various faults information, should adopt simultaneously transient current direction and transient current paralogy method, detailed positioning flow is:
1. during ground connection, line selection apparatus changes according to residual voltage and starts, and realizes failure line selection, and will be with the information reporting main websites such as faulty line, outlet fault direction, transient current recorder data (perhaps corresponding approximate entropy) and power-frequency voltage of time tag.
2. during ground connection, the FTU that is connected to three-phase (zero sequence) voltage starts according to power frequency phase (zero sequence) change in voltage, calculate fault direction, and will be with information reporting main websites such as the fault direction of time tag, transient current recorder datas (perhaps corresponding approximate entropy).
3. during ground connection, change according to transient current without the FTU of three-phase (zero sequence) voltage and to start, and will be with the information reporting main websites such as transient current recorder data (perhaps corresponding approximate entropy) of time tag.
4. after main website collects electric substation's line selection apparatus and each FTU failure message, be confirmed whether to occur earth fault according to the information of voltage of line selection apparatus, then withdraw from for disturbance.
When 5. confirming earth fault, determine faulty line according to the route selection result of line selection apparatus.
6. utilize the fault direction information of each terminal on the faulty line (comprising line selection apparatus and FTU) to determine the large section (may include one or more block switches) of guilty culprit.
(7. in large section, utilize the transient current similarity principle to determine the concrete section of fault.
Information of voltage according to line selection apparatus is determined trouble duration, releases positioning result for permanent fault, and provides audible and visual alarm information; For transient fault, preserve positioning result, only provide the literal warning information.
It is same as the prior art that the present invention does not state part.
Claims (3)
1. based on the one-phase earthing failure in electric distribution network localization method of transient signal, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
A kind of data acquisition unit is provided, and it gathers the transient zero-sequence current i of each check point in the setting regions electrical network
0(t) and residual voltage u
0(t);
Provide a kind of data calculation processing unit, the transient zero-sequence current i of each check point that its receive data collecting unit gathers
0(t) and residual voltage u
0And calculate the direction coefficient D of each check point transient current (t):
If D〉0, then transient current flows to circuit, and the trouble spot is positioned at the check point updrift side; If D＜0, then transient current flows to bus, and the trouble spot is positioned at the check point downstream direction; Select the last D＜0 check point and first D〉section between 0 check point is the pre-service fault section, this pre-service fault section of mark, and store;
In the pre-service fault section of institute's mark, data acquisition unit further gathers the transient state zero mould electric current of all check points;
The data calculation processing unit calculates the correlation coefficient ρ of transient state zero mould electric current between adjacent per two check points:
Setting the related coefficient threshold values is θ, if ρ〉θ, illustrate that the both sides transient state zero mould current waveform of the section between these adjacent two check points is similar, this section is non-fault section; If ρ＜θ illustrates that the both sides transient state zero mould current waveform of the section between these adjacent two check points is dissimilar, this section is fault section, and the mark fault section is also stored.
2. based on the one-phase earthing failure in electric distribution network localization method of transient signal, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
A kind of data acquisition unit is provided, and it gathers the transient zero-sequence current i of each check point in the setting regions electrical network
0(t) and residual voltage u
0(t);
Provide a kind of data calculation processing unit, the transient zero-sequence current i of each check point that its receive data collecting unit gathers
0(t) and residual voltage u
0And calculate the direction coefficient D of each check point transient current (t):
If D〉0, then transient current flows to circuit, and the trouble spot is positioned at the check point updrift side; If D＜0, then transient current flows to bus, and the trouble spot is positioned at the check point downstream direction; Select the last D＜0 check point and first D〉section between 0 check point is the pre-service fault section, this pre-service fault section of mark, and store;
In the pre-service fault section of institute's mark, data acquisition unit further gathers the transient state zero mould electric current of all check points;
The data calculation processing unit calculates the correlation coefficient ρ of transient state zero mould electric current between adjacent per two check points
Max:
In the formula: i
01And i
02Be respectively the transient state zero mould electric current of adjacent two check points; N is sample sequence, and first sampling point n=1 is that fault occurs constantly; N is the data length of zero mould current signal; M is that the translation of zero mould current signal is counted, m=1, and 2,3 ..., M; M is maximal translation length;
Setting the related coefficient threshold values is θ, if ρ
Maxθ, illustrating that the both sides transient state zero mould current waveform of the section between these adjacent two check points is similar, this section is non-fault section; If μ
Max＜θ illustrates that the both sides transient state zero mould current waveform of the section between these adjacent two check points is dissimilar, and this section is fault section, and the mark fault section is also stored.
3. the one-phase earthing failure in electric distribution network localization method based on transient signal according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the sample frequency of data acquisition unit is more than 8kHz, and sampling length was 1/4th cycles.
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