CN102938226B - Comprehensive demonstration instrument for demonstrating angular momentum conservation and rotational inertia and demonstrating method thereof - Google Patents
Comprehensive demonstration instrument for demonstrating angular momentum conservation and rotational inertia and demonstrating method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102938226B CN102938226B CN201210493166.2A CN201210493166A CN102938226B CN 102938226 B CN102938226 B CN 102938226B CN 201210493166 A CN201210493166 A CN 201210493166A CN 102938226 B CN102938226 B CN 102938226B
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- pivot arm
- variable frequency
- stay cord
- drive motors
- rotary table
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Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive demonstration instrument for demonstrating angular momentum conservation and rotational inertia. The comprehensive demonstration instrument is characterized by comprising a singlechip, a digging rope motor and a variable frequency driving motor, wherein the singlechip is used as the control center of the comprehensive demonstration instrument. The comprehensive demonstration instrument further comprises a support shaft, wherein a rotating arm which rotates along with the support shaft is arranged on the support shaft; heavy balls are sleeved at two sides of the rotating arm; the heavy balls are connected with an edge digging rope and are driven by the digging rope; the two heavy balls are pulled to synchronously move inwards/outwards along the rotating arm; the support shaft is connected with the center of an outer rotating disc below the support shaft; a clamping groove is formed below the outer rotating disc; the clamping groove is gear-shaped; the clamping groove is internally provided with an inner rotating disc; the inner rotating disc is fixedly connected with a clamping plate through a torsional spring; the clamping plate corresponds to the clamping groove; when the variable frequency driving motor is started, the inner rotating disc is driven by the variable frequency driving motor to rotate, the torsional spring deforms, the clamping plate is meshed with the clamping groove, the outer rotating disc is driven to rotate, and the outer rotating disc drives the support shaft to rotate; and when the variable frequency driving motor is stopped, the speed of the inner rotating disc is smaller than the speed of the outer rotating disc, the torsional spring resets, and the clamping plate is separated from the clamping groove.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of comprehensive demonstration instrument and demenstration method thereof of demonstrating the conservation of angular momentum and moment of inertia, belong to science and education equipment technical field.
Background technology
Along with update and the development of science and education product, the raising of society need, colleges and universities and some scientific research manufacturers also turn to sight science and education produce market.Angular momentum conservation law is one of the most general law of nature, and the conservation of angular momentum and Turning Theorem have a wide range of applications in actual life, as the utilization of simulated gravity in aerospace industry; Turning Theorem and the law of conservation of angular momentum are again two important knowledge points of mechanics, yet the principle demonstration instructional device of the existing conservation of angular momentum and moment of inertia theorem all separates.
The device of the general checking conservation of angular momentum is a swivel chair that can rotate freely around vertical rotating shaft, and display packing is: demonstrator is sitting on swivel chair, holds dumbbell, extend one's arms horizontally.Swivel chair is rotated, then shrink both arms, can see that the rotating speed of people and stool significantly strengthens.Two arms are flat stretching once again, and rotating speed slows down.This is because the angular momentum of the object rotating around fixed rotating shaft equals the product of its moment of inertia and angular velocity, and moment of face is when equal zero, the conservation of angular momentum.When people shrinks both arms, moment of inertia reduces, so angular velocity increases.
The device of general Rotary Inertia is that two rigid objects carry out respectively moment of inertia demonstration, it is contrasted, thereby verified the principle of moment of inertia, and its result only can detect by an unaided eye.
In sum, existing moment of inertia apparatus for demonstrating and angular momentum conservation demonstration device are two devices independently, need respectively to demonstrate, and nil show, can only visual inspection, and demonstration poor effect.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are: existing moment of inertia apparatus for demonstrating and angular momentum conservation demonstration device are two devices independently, need to demonstrate respectively, and demonstration poor effect.In order to study better and to show its physical principle, the present invention combines the two dexterously, uses Computer Control Technology, a kind of novel conservation of angular momentum and the moment of inertia comprehensive demonstration instrument developed.The conservation of angular momentum and moment of inertia theorem are demonstrated out by same instrument, and realize the visual of dynamic process.
The present invention takes following technical scheme:
A comprehensive demonstration instrument of demonstrating the conservation of angular momentum and moment of inertia, comprises single-chip microcomputer, stay cord motor, and variable frequency drive motors, described single-chip microcomputer, as the control center of described comprehensive demonstration instrument, can obtain the rotating speed of described variable frequency drive motors; Also comprise back shaft 2, described back shaft 2 is provided with thereupon each sheathed heavy ball 1 of pivot arm 4 both sides described in the pivot arm 4 rotating, described heavy ball 1 is connected with stay cord 3, described stay cord 3 arranges along pivot arm 4, and by described stay cord driven by motor, pull two heavy ball along described pivot arm 4 inwardly synchronous/outwards move; Described back shaft 2 is connected with the center of the outer rotary table 7 of below, and described outer rotary table 7 belows have draw-in groove 701, and described draw-in groove 701 is gear shape; In described draw-in groove 701, be provided with inner rotary table 8, on described inner rotary table 8, by torsion spring 802, be fixedly connected with clamp 801, described clamp 801 is corresponding with described draw-in groove 701; Described variable frequency drive motors is opened, and described inner rotary table 8 is driven and rotated by variable frequency drive motors, torsion spring 802 distortion, and clamp 801 and draw-in groove 701 engagements, drive outer rotary table 7 to rotate, and described outer rotary table 7 drives back shaft 2 to rotate; Described variable frequency drive motors is shut down, and inner rotary table 8 rotating speeds are less than the rotating speed of outer rotary table 7, and torsion spring 802 resets, and clamp 801 departs from described draw-in groove 701.
Also comprise display screen 5, described display screen 5 is connected with described single-chip microcomputer, can show the rotating speed of described variable frequency drive motors.
Also comprise button 6, described button 6 is connected with described single-chip microcomputer.
Use above-mentioned comprehensive demonstration instrument to carry out a demenstration method for the conservation of angular momentum, comprise the following steps:
1) pivot arm 4 two ends are located in heavy ball;
2) start variable frequency drive motors, back shaft 2 drives and rotates, and pivot arm 4 rotates, and heavy ball 1 is synchronously rotated;
3) reach and set after rotating speed, variable frequency drive motors is shut down, and clamp 801 is separated with draw-in groove 701;
4) stay cord driven by motor stay cord 3 pulls to the inside, and two heavy ball 1 are synchronously inwardly slided along pivot arm 4, pivot arm faster rotational speed;
5) stay cord motor pulls stay cord 3 to pull laterally, and two heavy ball 1 are synchronously outwards slided along pivot arm 4, and pivot arm rotating speed slows down.
Use above-mentioned comprehensive demonstration instrument to carry out a method for moment of inertia demonstration, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) pivot arm 4 two ends are located in heavy ball;
2) start variable frequency drive motors, back shaft 2 drives and rotates, and pivot arm 4 rotates, and heavy ball 1 is synchronously rotated;
3) record the rotating speed showing on display screen 5;
4) variable frequency drive motors is shut down, and clamp 801 is separated with draw-in groove 701, and pivot arm 4 inertia rotate;
5) record pivot arm 4 until stop the required time;
6) start stay cord motor, stay cord stops after pulling heavy ball 4 to move a segment distance to centre, repeats above-mentioned steps 2);
7) until rotating speed and step 3) in rotating speed identical;
8) repeating step 4), 5).
Feature of the present invention is: the demonstration of the theorem of conservation of angular momentum principle and moment of inertia is combined in same experimental provision, utilizes single-chip microcomputer as control system, carries out the control of practical operation by button.Meanwhile, the ingenious structure of having utilized chuck and clamp, simple in structure, utilize torsion spring, clamp vertical direction just can be realized the separated of clamp and draw-in groove without departing from draw-in groove, has realized easily the driving of back shaft 2 and has stopped driving.
The present invention is directed to the existing conservation of angular momentum and moment of inertia theorem apparatus for demonstrating and be all demonstrate respectively present situation, the two is combined dexterously, by the control of single-chip microcomputer, can carry out comprehensive demonstration to two principles, the dynamic changing process that can more clearly see whole principle demonstration, records delta data at any time.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) rational in infrastructure, cost is lower.
(2) easy to use and the cycle is long.
(3) there is higher security, science.
(4) visualization is high, has human oriented design.
(5) there is commercial value, and create larger economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the profile schematic diagram of the conservation of angular momentum of the present invention and moment of inertia comprehensive demonstration instrument.
Fig. 2 is that the master of outer rotary table looks schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the elevational schematic view of outer rotary table.
Fig. 4 is the elevational schematic view of inner rotary table.
Fig. 5 is the elevational schematic view after outer rotary table and inner rotary table engagement.
Fig. 6 is the elevational schematic view after outer rotary table separates with inner rotary table.
Fig. 7 is the schematic perspective view of inner rotary table and the upper clamp connecting by torsion spring thereof.
Wherein, 1, heavy ball, 2, back shaft, 3, stay cord, 4, pivot arm, 5, display screen, 6, button, 7, outer rotary table, 8, inner rotary table, 701, draw-in groove, 801 clamps, 802.Torsion spring.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Fig. 1-7, a kind of comprehensive demonstration instrument of demonstrating the conservation of angular momentum and moment of inertia, comprises single-chip microcomputer, stay cord motor, and variable frequency drive motors, single-chip microcomputer, as the control center of described comprehensive demonstration instrument, can obtain the rotating speed of described variable frequency drive motors; Also comprise back shaft 2, back shaft 2 is provided with thereupon each sheathed heavy ball 1 of pivot arm 4 both sides described in the pivot arm 4 rotating, heavy ball 1 is connected with stay cord 3, stay cord 3 arranges along pivot arm 4, and by described stay cord driven by motor, pulled, pull two heavy ball along described pivot arm 4 inwardly synchronous/outwards move; Back shaft 2 is connected with the center of the outer rotary table 7 of below, and outer rotary table 7 belows have draw-in groove 701, and draw-in groove 701 is gear shape; In draw-in groove 701, be provided with inner rotary table 8, on inner rotary table 8, by torsion spring 802, be fixedly connected with clamp 801, clamp 801 is corresponding with draw-in groove 701; Variable frequency drive motors is opened, and inner rotary table 8 is driven and rotated by variable frequency drive motors, torsion spring 802 distortion, and clamp 801 and draw-in groove 701 engagements, drive outer rotary table 7 to rotate, and outer rotary table 7 drives back shaft 2 to rotate; Variable frequency drive motors is shut down, and inner rotary table 8 rotating speeds are less than the rotating speed of outer rotary table 7, and torsion spring 802 resets, and clamp 801 departs from described draw-in groove 701.Also comprise display screen 5, display screen 5 is connected with single-chip microcomputer, can show the rotating speed of variable frequency drive motors.Also comprise button 6, described button 6 is connected with described single-chip microcomputer, and described comprehensive demonstration instrument is operated to control.
As shown in Figure 1, the line that switches on power, turns on the power switch, and shows screen display " conservation of angular momentum and moment of inertia comprehensive demonstration instrument ", presses left side button and selects to carry out " angular momentum experiment ", " Experiment of Moment of Inertia " or " two ball position adjustment ".Under " angular momentum experiment " pattern, button in the middle of pressing, now back shaft 2 rotates, record the now rotating speed of back shaft 2, press the button on the right, at this moment by stay cord 3, heavy ball 4 is pulled to the position near back shaft 2 centers, now the speed of pivot arm 4 is obviously accelerated, after approximately 1 second, variable frequency drive motors starts, make the rotating speed of turning axle 2 maintain about 256rpm, again press the button on the right, two balls are discharged into the two ends of pivot arm 4, now pivot arm 4 speed are obviously slack-off, after approximately 1 second, variable frequency drive motors starts, make the rotating speed of pivot arm 4 maintain about 97rpm, and so forth.
Before being transformed into another pattern, first by middle button, make variable frequency drive motors stall, press again left side button and carry out pattern conversion, enter " Experiment of Moment of Inertia " pattern, button in the middle of pressing, now two heavy ball 1 are pulled to the center near pivot arm 4, variable frequency drive motors is rotated, reach after 210rpm rotating speed, rate-of-turn record is got off, press again the right button, now variable frequency drive motors stall, clamp 801 is separated with draw-in groove 701, under back shaft 2 inertia effect, be rotated further, because frictional resistance finally stops, single-chip microcomputer record storage back shaft inertia rotates until stop the experienced time, after approximately 2 seconds, two heavy ball are released into pivot arm 4 two ends, variable frequency drive motors starts, drive back shaft 2 to rotate, when rotating speed while reaching with two balls near bar center is consistent, press the right button, variable frequency drive motors stall, clamp 801 is separated with draw-in groove 701, under back shaft 2 inertia effect, be rotated further, because frictional resistance finally stops, now on display screen, demonstrate two heavy ball 1 when pivot arm 4 two ends and during near pivot arm 4 center, with the time of stopping after same rotary speed movement, the time that two heavy ball 1 are stopped during near pivot arm two ends is longer, verified the theorem of moment of inertia.
Press the button on the left side, now enter " adjustment of bead position " pattern, due in experimentation, stay cord motor may be to drawing heavy ball 1 and the distance that discharges heavy ball 1 to have point tolerance, or power down suddenly in experimentation, double ball position may be on experiment next time impact to some extent, stay cord motor generation stall, to such an extent as to burn out stay cord motor, now need under this pattern, regulate the position of double ball, before two experimental demonstrations, bead must be released into pivot arm 4 two ends, in order to avoid stay cord is too many, burn out stay cord motor.
Press the right button, now stay cord motor reversal, discharges stay cord 3, under the effect of heavy ball 1 rotary centrifugal force, to pivot arm 4 two ends, moves, and presses intermediary button, and stay cord motor forward, makes heavy ball 1 move near the center of pivot arm 4.
Claims (5)
1. a comprehensive demonstration instrument of demonstrating the conservation of angular momentum and moment of inertia, is characterized in that:
Comprise single-chip microcomputer, stay cord motor, variable frequency drive motors, described single-chip microcomputer, as the control center of described comprehensive demonstration instrument, can obtain the rotating speed of described variable frequency drive motors;
Also comprise back shaft (2), described back shaft (2) is provided with the pivot arm (4) thereupon rotating, each the sheathed heavy ball (1) of described pivot arm (4) both sides, described heavy ball (1) is connected with stay cord (3), described stay cord (3) arranges along pivot arm (4), and by described stay cord driven by motor, pull two heavy ball along described pivot arm (4) synchronous inwardly/outwards move;
Described back shaft (2) is connected with the center of the outer rotary table (7) of below, and described outer rotary table (7) below has draw-in groove (701), and described draw-in groove (701) is gear shape;
In described draw-in groove (701), be provided with inner rotary table (8), described inner rotary table (8) is upper to be fixedly connected with clamp (801) by torsion spring (802), and described clamp (801) is corresponding with described draw-in groove (701);
Described variable frequency drive motors is opened, described inner rotary table (8) is driven and is rotated by variable frequency drive motors, torsion spring (802) distortion, clamp (801) and draw-in groove (701) engagement, drive outer rotary table (7) to rotate, described outer rotary table (7) drives back shaft (2) to rotate;
Described variable frequency drive motors is shut down, and inner rotary table (8) rotating speed is less than the rotating speed of outer rotary table (7), and torsion spring (802) resets, and clamp (801) departs from described draw-in groove (701).
2. comprehensive demonstration instrument as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise display screen (5), described display screen (5) is connected with described single-chip microcomputer, can show the rotating speed of described variable frequency drive motors.
3. comprehensive demonstration instrument as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise button (6), described button (6) is connected with described single-chip microcomputer.
4. the comprehensive demonstration instrument described in right to use requirement 2 carries out a demenstration method for the conservation of angular momentum, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) pivot arm (4) two ends are located in heavy ball;
2) start variable frequency drive motors, back shaft (2) drives and rotates, and pivot arm (4) rotates, and heavy ball (1) is synchronously rotated;
3) reach and set after rotating speed, variable frequency drive motors is shut down, and clamp (801) is separated with draw-in groove (701);
4) stay cord driven by motor stay cord (3) pulls to the inside, and two heavy ball (1) are synchronously inwardly slided along pivot arm (4), pivot arm faster rotational speed;
5) stay cord motor pulls stay cord (3) to pull laterally, and two heavy ball (1) are synchronously outwards slided along pivot arm (4), and pivot arm rotating speed slows down.
5. right to use requires the method that the comprehensive demonstration instrument described in 2 carries out moment of inertia demonstration, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) pivot arm (4) two ends are located in heavy ball;
2) start variable frequency drive motors, back shaft (2) drives and rotates, and pivot arm (4) rotates, and heavy ball (1) is synchronously rotated;
3) record the upper rotating speed showing of display screen (5);
4) variable frequency drive motors is shut down, and clamp (801) is separated with draw-in groove (701), and pivot arm (4) inertia rotates;
5) record pivot arm (4) until stop the required time;
6) start stay cord motor, stay cord stops after pulling heavy ball (4) to move a segment distance to centre, repeats above-mentioned steps 2);
7) until rotating speed and step 3) in rotating speed identical;
8) repeating step 4), 5).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210493166.2A CN102938226B (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2012-11-27 | Comprehensive demonstration instrument for demonstrating angular momentum conservation and rotational inertia and demonstrating method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210493166.2A CN102938226B (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2012-11-27 | Comprehensive demonstration instrument for demonstrating angular momentum conservation and rotational inertia and demonstrating method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102938226A CN102938226A (en) | 2013-02-20 |
| CN102938226B true CN102938226B (en) | 2014-09-03 |
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| CN201210493166.2A Expired - Fee Related CN102938226B (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2012-11-27 | Comprehensive demonstration instrument for demonstrating angular momentum conservation and rotational inertia and demonstrating method thereof |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104123865B (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2016-05-18 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | A kind of rotation inerttia and demonstrating experiment device |
| CN104346977B (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-12-07 | 浙江工业大学 | Rotary inertia teaching aid instrument |
| CN106097842B (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2018-10-02 | 桂林理工大学博文管理学院 | A kind of solid moment of inertia apparatus for demonstrating and demenstration method |
| CN107871425A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-03 | 天津启星动力科技有限公司 | Spin-off ball demonstrator |
| CN106327967A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-01-11 | 无锡职业技术学院 | Presentation device for angular momentum conservation |
| RU183308U1 (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-09-17 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана (национальный исследовательский университет)" (МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана) | A device for studying the law of conservation of the kinetic moment of a mechanical system |
| CN110136549A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-16 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of qualitative demonstration and quantitatively measuring device |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1029217A1 (en) * | 1981-04-27 | 1983-07-15 | Военный Инженерный Краснознаменный Институт Им.А.Ф.Можайского | Teaching-aid apparatus on mechanics for demonstrating conservation of angular momentum |
| SU1193719A1 (en) * | 1984-01-25 | 1985-11-23 | Киевский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Инженеров Гражданской Авиации Им.60-Летия Ссср | Teaching-aid apparratus on mechanics radiotelegraph operator |
| CN2184954Y (en) * | 1993-12-11 | 1994-12-07 | 刘璞 | Turning table type conservation of angular momentum demonstrator |
| CN2512063Y (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2002-09-18 | 上海科技馆 | Demonstration device for the principle of conservation of angular momentum |
| GR1004994B (en) * | 2005-01-07 | 2005-09-16 | Δημητριος Τσαουσης | Device for the study of the angular momentum and the calculation of the centripetal force work |
| CN201965816U (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2011-09-07 | 赵德华 | Multifunctional device for measuring rigid rotation inertia and demonstrating and proving conservation of angular momentum |
| CN202352186U (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2012-07-25 | 西南石油大学 | Portable angular momentum conservation apparatus |
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2012
- 2012-11-27 CN CN201210493166.2A patent/CN102938226B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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