CN102930100A - Method for predicting micro discharge threshold of cavity filter - Google Patents
Method for predicting micro discharge threshold of cavity filter Download PDFInfo
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- CN102930100A CN102930100A CN2012104291702A CN201210429170A CN102930100A CN 102930100 A CN102930100 A CN 102930100A CN 2012104291702 A CN2012104291702 A CN 2012104291702A CN 201210429170 A CN201210429170 A CN 201210429170A CN 102930100 A CN102930100 A CN 102930100A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for predicting micro discharge threshold of a cavity filter. The method includes determining micro discharge value simulation parameter, building a particle simulation area of the cavity filter, conducting micro discharge value simulation, recording secondary electron transmission changing with time in the micro discharge value simulation process, conducting value processing and conducting automatic scanning and prediction on micro discharge threshold power. A micro discharge value simulation and threshold power judgment method of the cavity filter is designed by utilizing the particle simulation technology and combining secondary electron transmitting characteristics of metal materials on the basis of a geometrical model and a particle simulation area of the cavity filter. The method achieves accurate value analysis and prediction of the micro discharge threshold of the cavity filter, greatly shortens development period, saves expensive micro discharge experiment cost and is very suitable for prediction of the micro discharge threshold of the cavity filter with a complex structure and micro discharge design of a large power microwave part.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to space special effects application, relate in particular to a kind of method for numerical simulation of predicting the cavity body filter micro-discharge threshold.
Background technology
Micro discharge is a kind of space special effects that produces owing to secondary in microwave device under the vacuum environment.Can bring the end to make an uproar when micro discharge occurs to increase, the defective such as signal deterioration, even cause the permanent damages of microwave device.In order at the beginning of part design, to eliminate micro discharge hidden danger, reliability and the serviceable life of improving microwave component, must predict that the micro-discharge threshold of microwave component is also avoided.
Especially for cavity body filter, because its electromagnetic field complex distribution, simply unpredictable its micro-discharge threshold of Approximate Equivalent.At present, the micro-discharge threshold of the labyrinth cavity body filters such as prediction coaxial cavity filter and multistage ridge waveguide wave filter mainly obtains by repeatedly carrying out the micro discharge experiment, experimental period is long, research fund is high, has seriously hindered space application cavity fluid filter to the more development of high power capacity.
Consult patent database and document, in database, search for respectively " Multipactor ", " Multipactor Threshold ", " micro discharge " and " micro-discharge threshold ", can find many pieces about the article of micro-discharge threshold.Wherein, for the HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES parts; the prediction of traditional micro discharge surplus design and threshold power is carried out (ESA-ESTEC based on the sensitivity curve that European Space Agency proposes usually in the industry; Space Engineering:Multipacting Design and Test; vol.ECSS-20-01A; ESA Publication Division, the Netherlands, 2003.).This curve is based on infinitely great parallel flat ideal model humorous electric field change hypothesis with evenly the time, ignore magnetic fields, in conjunction with the thin space place physical size of microwave component and working frequency points, set up the Analytical Solution equation that electronics moves and specifically find the solution between parallel flat, approximate by the hypothesis increased power at 1 o'clock to electronics secondary electron yield when the motion of thin space place bumps with metal plate micro discharge will occur, realize the prediction of microwave component micro-discharge threshold, exist essence different from the inventive method.Physics that the method is done is approximate many simultaneously, and theoretical model is simple, and precision of prediction is limited, is not suitable for labyrinth, strong resonance structure microwave component micro-discharge threshold prediction.
There is the Chalmers Polytechnics of Switzerland in other main research institutions that carry out the forecasting research of HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES parts micro-discharge threshold, Spain Valencia university, Russian Academy Of Sciences applied physics institute (IAP), general CAS Institute of Physics (IGP), U.S. Michigan university.Wherein, relating to the research of predicting micro-discharge threshold mainly contains:
The people such as Semenov and Sazontov proposes ' MuLSl ' software, the people such as P é rez and Vicente are based on the micro discharge Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation Method of microwave transmission line research, and the people such as Gusarova and lsaev carry out the micro discharge Numerical Method Study for asymmetric radio-frequency structure, all adopt the movement locus of single initiating electron is followed the trail of, and the secondary electron yield of the each collision of record, by a large amount of initiating electrons being set and total secondary electron yield being averaging, if mean value is thought the generation micro discharge greater than 1, the method is different from the inventive method theoretical model, there is certain random deviation in the method simultaneously, along with the change of simulation time and the change of initiating electron number, there is certain deviation in the micro-discharge threshold predicted value.
The people such as P é rez and Vicente have proposed the Forecasting Methodology of micro-discharge threshold based on the coaxial transmission wire system, carrying out over time micro discharge by all number of electrons in the record microwave component judges, the method exists different from the inventive method, it is long that while the method expends simulation time, threshold decision is carried out based on researcher's experience, can not carry out automatic decision.
The 2 dimension micro discharge method for numerical simulation that the people such as Frotanpour and Dadashzadeh proposes based on elliptical waveguide, carry out the micro discharge Analytical Solution by Monte Carlo numerical computation method and effective electron method, set up the locus formula of single initiating electron, the same employing collided mode that secondary electron yield is averaging to single initiating electron at every turn and carried out micro-discharge threshold and judge, exists different from the inventive method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, a kind of method of predicting the cavity body filter micro-discharge threshold is provided, the method can be simplified the micro discharge design process of cavity body filter, shorten the lead time, the decrease R﹠D costs are fit to the micro discharge design of various cavity body filters.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical solution:
A kind of method of predicting the cavity body filter micro-discharge threshold comprises the following steps:
A., initial electromagnetic signal and the frequency f thereof of input cavity fluid filter are set
0, simulation time T, time step t
0, T.T. step N
t, power input P
0And power scan scope P
1～P
2, P
1≤ P
0≤ P
2
B. cavity body filter is carried out 3 d geometric modeling, the metal material of cavity body filter and the secondary theoretical model of metal material are set, set up the particle simulation zone at the cavity body filter hollow space, 3-D geometric model and particle simulation zone are split into a plurality of hexahedral meshs, and particle is randomly dispersed in the particle simulation zone;
C. the micro discharge numerical simulation is carried out by the time step iteration in the model of above-mentioned foundation, reach end value simulation behind the simulation time T, then change steps d over to;
At each time step n (1≤n≤N
t) the micro discharge numerical simulation of carrying out comprises:
The Maxwell equation of (i) finding the solution the Fdtd Method discrete form obtains electric field value and the magnetic field value at each grid node and mesh lines place, and the newton-lorentz equation of finding the solution the time-domain difference discrete form obtains displacement and the momentum of each particle;
(ii) judge according to the displacement of particle whether particle collides with cavity body filter, if bump, the momentum of particle and the secondary theoretical model of metal material obtain the offspring yield of outgoing and energy and the PHASE DISTRIBUTION of offspring during according to collision, all population M that bump of accumulative total
i(n), the sum M of the offspring of all outgoing
s(n);
D. find the solution average secondary M
a(n), wherein
(1≤n≤N
t), average secondary is carried out the interpolation average value processing, concrete grammar is as follows: interpolation time step N is set
1(2≤N
1＜N
t), from M
a(n) beginning is got successively it and is reached later on N
1The mean value of-1 time step is as interpolation average secondary M
A1(n), wherein
1≤n≤(N
t-N
1+ 1);
E. according to the frequency f of initial electromagnetic signal
0The particle avalanche effect is set judges starting point N
m, micro-discharge threshold is set judges radix M
2, M
2〉=1, judge starting point N from the particle avalanche effect
mBegin M
A1(n) and M
2Compare, if at N
m≤≤(N
t-N
1+ 1) in the scope, M
A1(n) less than M
2, power input is P
0The time micro discharge does not occur, if at N
m≤ n≤(N
t-N
1+ 1) in the scope, M
A1(n) greater than M
2, power input is P
0The Shi Fasheng micro discharge;
F. make power input P
0In the power scan scope that arranges by P
1Beginning is carried out respectively step c to step e with the first interval stepping, is P if be scanned up to power input
3(P
1≤ P
3≤ P
2) time micro discharge does not occur, be scanned up to P
4(P
3＜P
4≤ P
2) time micro discharge occurs, from P
3Beginning with the second interval stepping, is carried out respectively step c to step e, if power input is P
5The time micro discharge does not occur, be P
6The Shi Fasheng micro discharge is then predicted P
5Be the micro-discharge threshold of cavity body filter, if power input steps to P
2The time micro discharge does not occur yet, then predict at power scan scope P
1～P
2In micro discharge does not occur.
Described first is spaced apart 3dB, and described second is spaced apart xdB, 0.1≤x≤0.5.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention carries out the micro discharge numerical simulation in conjunction with electromagnetism numerical analysis method and particle simulation method, time dependent secondary and carry out the interpolation average value processing in the record numerical simulation has finally realized cavity body filter micro-discharge threshold autoscan and prediction.Compare with the method for carrying out over time the micro discharge judgement by all number of electrons in the record microwave component, avoided increasing owing to initiating electron too much causes all number of electrons to present in time when shorter (less than 100 rf periods) at simulation time, and the erroneous judgement that micro discharge causes does not occur in reality;
(2) the present invention adopts approximate electromagnetic field is developed with electron motion of less physics to carry out the iteration propelling, carry out corresponding numerical simulation for the distribution of space initiating electron, electronic non-linear motion process, electromagnetic particle from physical processes such as the effect of being in harmony, metal material secondary, realized the prediction of cavity body filter micro-discharge threshold, Forecasting Methodology more meets physics reality;
(3) the present invention is compared to traditional method based on analytical Calculation prediction micro-discharge threshold, do not need to judge for whether micro discharge occurs under certain power input according to researchist's experience, directly the prediction micro-discharge threshold has high engineering using value;
(4) the present invention can predict the micro-discharge threshold of the cavity body filter of arbitrary structures, and applicability is wide, and is practical.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 low pass ridge waveguide cavity body filter three-dimensional CAD model;
Fig. 2 particle is in low pass ridge waveguide cavity body filter hollow space particle simulation regional distribution chart;
Interpolation average secondary temporal evolution trend map when Fig. 3 power input is 400W;
Interpolation average secondary temporal evolution trend map when Fig. 4 power input is 428W;
Interpolation average secondary temporal evolution trend map when Fig. 5 power input is 458W;
Secondary when Fig. 6 power input is 428W before the interpolation average value processing.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the invention is described in further detail:
This embodiment take low pass ridge waveguide cavity body filter as example, describes the method for prediction cavity body filter micro-discharge threshold of the present invention.
Adopt the micro-discharge threshold of the inventive method prediction low pass ridge waveguide cavity body filter, specific implementation process is as follows:
A., the initial electromagnetic signal that input low pass ridge waveguide cavity body filter is set is time domain continuous wave signal x (t)=A
0Sin (2 π f
0T), frequency f
0Be 3.9GHz, power input is P
0, A
0With P
0Corresponding, power scan scope P is set
1～P
2(P
1≤ P
0≤ P
2), P
1Be 50W, P
2Be 1000W, simulation time T (T 〉=100/f
0) be 100ns, time step t
0Be 0.00049859815ns, total time step N
t=T/t
0, can get N thus
tBe 200562.
B. as shown in Figure 1, adopt the CAD modeling software to set up the 3-D geometric model 1 of the low pass ridge waveguide cavity body filter for the treatment of emulation, the metal material that low pass ridge waveguide cavity body filter is set is silver, the secondary theoretical model experimental formula that employing is derived by Vaughan is described secondary electron emission characteristic (the Secondary Emission Yield of metal material silver, SEY), set up particle simulation zone 2 at low pass ridge waveguide cavity body filter hollow space, 3-D geometric model and particle simulation zone are split into a plurality of hexahedral meshs, particle is randomly dispersed in particle simulation zone 2, a plurality of stains as shown in Figure 2.
C. the model of above-mentioned foundation carried out the micro discharge numerical simulation by the time step iteration, at each time step n (1≤n≤N
t) numerical simulation of carrying out comprises:
The Maxwell equation of (i) finding the solution the Fdtd Method discrete form obtains electric field value and the magnetic field value at each grid node and mesh lines place, and the newton-lorentz equation of finding the solution the time-domain difference discrete form obtains displacement and the momentum of each particle;
Concrete method for solving is referring to such as Publication about Document:
Ge Debiao etc., electromagnetic wave Finite Difference Time Domain, publishing house of Xian Electronics Science and Technology University, 2002; Li Yongdongs etc., Plasma Particle Simulation particle advance algorithm to proofread and correct nuclear technology, 2005,28 (4): 269-272.
(ii) judge according to the displacement of particle whether particle collides with low pass ridge waveguide cavity body filter, if bump, the momentum of particle obtains the distribution of offspring yield δ and offspring ENERGY E and the phase place Φ of outgoing during according to collision in conjunction with the secondary theoretical model of metal material.For the Vaughan model, offspring yield δ depends on collision energy E
i=mv
2/ 2 with collision angle θ (0 ° represent normal impact), collision angle obtains according to the momentum of the middle particle of step (i).Offspring yield δ calculates by the experimental formula that Vaughan proposes,
Wherein, w=E
i/ E
Max, k=0.62 when w＜1, k=0.25 when w＞1.k
sThe surfaceness of metal material, δ
Max0And E
Max0By the secondary parameter in the vertical incidence situation of metal material decision.
The ENERGY E distribution Gaussian distributed of offspring,
Wherein, E
OmArbitrary value between desirable 2-10eV.
The phase of offspring distributes and obeys Sine distribution,
f(φ)＝0.5sinφ
Obtain the offspring number of outgoing according to the offspring yield of each collision, thereby can add up the population M that all bump
i(n), the sum M of the offspring of all outgoing
s(n).Obtain the momentum of the offspring of outgoing according to energy distribution, PHASE DISTRIBUTION, the displacement of the offspring of all outgoing is the position of collision place.The particle that bumps with low pass ridge waveguide cavity body filter disappears, and the offspring of outgoing carries out the iteration of next time step.
D. end value is simulated after reaching simulation time T, finds the solution average secondary M
a(n),
(1≤n≤N
t), average secondary is carried out the interpolation average value processing, concrete grammar is as follows: interpolation time step N is set
1(2≤N
1＜N
t), from M
a(n) beginning is got successively it and is reached later on N
1The mean value of-1 time step is as interpolation average secondary M
A1(n), wherein
1≤n≤(N
t-N
1+ 1).N
1Be preferably 1000.
E. according to the frequency f of the initial electromagnetic signal of input cavity fluid filter
0The particle avalanche effect is set judges starting point N
mBe that 56000 (more than or equal to 100 rf periods, be frequency f rf period
0Inverse), micro-discharge threshold is set judges radix M
2Be 1, judge starting point N from the particle avalanche effect
mBegin M
A1(n) and M
2Compare, if at N
m≤ n≤(N
t-N
1+ 1) in the scope, M
A1(n) less than M
2, power input is P
0The time micro discharge does not occur, if at N
m≤ n≤(N
t-N
1+ 1) in the scope, M
A1(n) greater than M
2, power input is P
0The Shi Fasheng micro discharge.
F. make power input P
0In the power scan scope that arranges by P
1Beginning is carried out respectively step C to step e with the 3dB stepping, and power input is P
3Micro discharge does not occur in the time of (400W), is P
4Micro discharge occurs in the time of (800W), from P
3Beginning with the 0.3dB stepping, is carried out respectively step C to step e, interpolation average secondary temporal evolution trend such as Fig. 3 under the record different input power～and shown in Figure 5.
When power input is P
5Micro discharge does not occur in the time of (428W), is P
6Micro discharge occurs in the time of (458W), judges P
5Be micro-discharge threshold power, namely the micro-discharge threshold power prediction value of the present embodiment low pass ridge waveguide cavity body filter is 428W.
Average secondary when power input is 428W before the interpolation average value processing as shown in Figure 6.The average secondary temporal evolution discreteness that does not adopt the inventive method to process greatly, does not possess obvious Changing Pattern, can't judge whether micro discharge occurs under this power input according to it.And the interpolation average secondary such as Fig. 3～Fig. 5 that obtains after adopting the inventive method to process, the secondary change with time is obvious under certain power input, in conjunction with micro-discharge threshold decision method of the present invention, finally can realize the automatic Prediction of cavity body filter micro-discharge threshold.
The above; only be the embodiment of the best of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
The content that is not described in detail in the instructions of the present invention belongs to this area professional and technical personnel's known technology.
Claims (2)
1. a method of predicting the cavity body filter micro-discharge threshold is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A., initial electromagnetic signal and the frequency f thereof of input cavity fluid filter are set
0, simulation time T, time step t
0, T.T. step N
t, power input P
0And power scan scope P
1～P
2, P
1≤ P
0≤ P
2
B. cavity body filter is carried out 3 d geometric modeling, the metal material of cavity body filter and the secondary theoretical model of metal material are set, set up the particle simulation zone at the cavity body filter hollow space, 3-D geometric model and particle simulation zone are split into a plurality of hexahedral meshs, and particle is randomly dispersed in the particle simulation zone;
C. carry out the micro discharge numerical simulation by the time step iteration, reach end value simulation behind the simulation time T, then change steps d over to;
At each time step n (1≤n≤N
t) the micro discharge numerical simulation of carrying out comprises:
The Maxwell equation of (i) finding the solution the Fdtd Method discrete form obtains electric field value and the magnetic field value at each grid node and mesh lines place, and the newton-lorentz equation of finding the solution the time-domain difference discrete form obtains displacement and the momentum of each particle;
(ii) judge according to the displacement of particle whether particle collides with cavity body filter, if bump, the momentum of particle and the secondary theoretical model of metal material obtain the offspring yield of outgoing and energy and the PHASE DISTRIBUTION of offspring during according to collision, all population M that bump of accumulative total
1(n), the sum M of the offspring of all outgoing
s(n);
D. find the solution average secondary M
a(n), wherein
(1≤n≤N
t), average secondary is carried out the interpolation average value processing, concrete grammar is as follows: interpolation time step N is set
1(2≤N
1＜N
t), from M
a(n) beginning is got successively it and is reached later on N
1The mean value of-1 time step is as interpolation average secondary M
A1(n), wherein
1≤n≤(N
t-N
1+ 1);
E. according to the frequency f of initial electromagnetic signal
0The particle avalanche effect is set judges starting point N
m, micro-discharge threshold is set judges radix M
2, M
2〉=1, judge starting point N from the particle avalanche effect
mBegin M
A1(n) and M
2Compare, if at N
m≤ n≤(N
t-N
1+ 1) in the scope, M
A1(n) less than M
2, power input is P
0The time micro discharge does not occur, if at N
m≤ n≤(N
t-N
1+ 1) in the scope, M
A1(n) greater than M
2, power input is P
0The Shi Fasheng micro discharge;
F. make power input P
0In the power scan scope that arranges by P
1Beginning is carried out respectively step c to step e with the first interval stepping, is P if be scanned up to power input
3(P
1≤ P
3≤ P
2) time micro discharge does not occur, be scanned up to P
4(P
3＜P
4≤ P
2) time micro discharge occurs, from P
3Beginning with the second interval stepping, is carried out respectively step c to step e, if power input is P
5The time micro discharge does not occur, be P
6The Shi Fasheng micro discharge is then predicted P
5Be the micro-discharge threshold of cavity body filter, if power input steps to P
2The time micro discharge does not occur yet, then predict at power scan scope P
1～P
2In micro discharge does not occur.
2. a kind of method of predicting the cavity body filter micro-discharge threshold according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described first is spaced apart 3dB, and described second is spaced apart x dB, 0.1≤x≤0.5.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103151585A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2013-06-12 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Ridge waveguide filter with high micro discharging threshold value and design method thereof |
| CN104241746A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2014-12-24 | 江苏贝孚德通讯科技股份有限公司 | Waveguide high-frequency low-pass filter |
| CN109948179A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-06-28 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of conformal boundary electromagnetic field interpolation method for predicting micro-discharge threshold |
| CN110414053A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-11-05 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of time-domain numerical simulation method of quick determining component micro-discharge threshold |
| CN110442919A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-11-12 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of microwave component micro discharge method for numerical simulation based on GPU architecture |
| CN111259584A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-06-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | Time-frequency field combined non-reciprocal medium micro-discharge threshold prediction method |
| CN113792471A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-12-14 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Multi-particle multi-collision micro-discharge threshold Monte Carlo calculation method |
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| CN103151585A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2013-06-12 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Ridge waveguide filter with high micro discharging threshold value and design method thereof |
| CN103151585B (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-10-08 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Ridge waveguide filter with high micro discharging threshold value and design method thereof |
| CN104241746A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2014-12-24 | 江苏贝孚德通讯科技股份有限公司 | Waveguide high-frequency low-pass filter |
| CN109948179A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-06-28 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of conformal boundary electromagnetic field interpolation method for predicting micro-discharge threshold |
| CN110414053A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-11-05 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of time-domain numerical simulation method of quick determining component micro-discharge threshold |
| CN110414053B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2023-06-09 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Time domain numerical simulation method for rapidly determining micro-discharge threshold of component |
| CN110442919A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-11-12 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of microwave component micro discharge method for numerical simulation based on GPU architecture |
| CN110442919B (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2022-12-27 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Microwave component micro-discharge numerical simulation method based on GPU (graphics processing Unit) architecture |
| CN111259584A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-06-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | Time-frequency field combined non-reciprocal medium micro-discharge threshold prediction method |
| CN111259584B (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2022-12-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | Time-frequency field combined non-reciprocal medium micro-discharge threshold prediction method |
| CN113792471A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-12-14 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Multi-particle multi-collision micro-discharge threshold Monte Carlo calculation method |
| CN113792471B (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2024-03-26 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Multi-particle multi-collision micro-discharge threshold Monte Carlo calculation method |
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