CN102928383A - Device for measuring gas concentration through optical interference method - Google Patents

Device for measuring gas concentration through optical interference method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102928383A
CN102928383A CN2012104354877A CN201210435487A CN102928383A CN 102928383 A CN102928383 A CN 102928383A CN 2012104354877 A CN2012104354877 A CN 2012104354877A CN 201210435487 A CN201210435487 A CN 201210435487A CN 102928383 A CN102928383 A CN 102928383A
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optical
gas chamber
photoelectric sensor
concentration
wedge
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马星科
杜政伟
朱敏
邹新政
张婷
陈雅慧
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Southwest University
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Southwest University
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Abstract

The invention provides a device for measuring gas concentration through an optical interference method. The device comprises an optical source, a cleft-tip-shaped gas chamber, a photoelectric sensor, a display device and a prompt device which are all arranged in a closed casing. The optical source comprises an optical source generator and a parallel optical beam expander which is arranged on an outgoing optical path of the optical source generator. The cleft-tip-shaped gas chamber is arranged in front of the parallel optical beam expander, and the photoelectric sensor is arranged at the gathering position of reflected light of the cleft-tip-shaped gas chamber and connected with the display device and the prompt device through signal lines. By means of the device, different interference fringes are generated due to optical path difference caused by different refractive indexes of an optical wave in gases with different concentration. The concentration of the gas is determined through the detection of the interference fringes. The device for measuring the gas concentration through the optical interference method has the advantages of being high in accuracy, wide in measurement range, easy to correct, simple, firm and durable.

Description

光干涉法测量气体浓度的装置Apparatus for Measuring Gas Concentration by Optical Interferometry

技术领域 Technical field :

本发明属于光学测量技术,具体涉及一种光学气体测量仪器。 The invention belongs to optical measurement technology, in particular to an optical gas measurement instrument.

背景技术:Background technique:

光波可以通过不同的方式产生等倾干涉条纹,其主要应用于微小长度和折射率的测量。气体浓度的测量在工业生产和实验室中的需求很广泛,尤其是对于有害气体的测量。例如,我国的煤矿生产安全检测系统,需要对煤矿中的有毒气体进行检测。迄今为止的产品大多数也都是针对大型煤矿设计的,而且自身尚存一些亟待解决的问题,如:设备造价高,系统体积庞大,运行维护费用高,传感器测量稳定性差,调校频繁,使用寿命短,设备测量精度有限,必须依赖专业人员维护。 Light waves can produce isoclinic interference fringes in different ways, which are mainly used in the measurement of tiny length and refractive index. The measurement of gas concentration has a wide range of demands in industrial production and laboratories, especially for the measurement of harmful gases. For example, my country's coal mine production safety detection system needs to detect toxic gases in coal mines. Most of the products so far are also designed for large-scale coal mines, and there are still some problems to be solved, such as: high equipment cost, large system volume, high operation and maintenance costs, poor sensor measurement stability, frequent adjustments, use The service life is short, the measurement accuracy of the equipment is limited, and it must be maintained by professionals.

发明内容:Invention content:

针对上述不足,本申请人利用劈尖干涉原理,设计出一种应用于测量气体(例如瓦斯气体)浓度的装置,用以克服现有技术设备复杂、测量不稳定、使用不方便的问题。 In view of the above shortcomings, the applicant designed a device for measuring the concentration of gas (such as gas) by using the wedge-tip interference principle to overcome the problems of complex equipment, unstable measurement and inconvenient use in the prior art.

本发明的技术方案如下: Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

一种光干涉法测量气体浓度的装置,包括光源、劈尖形气体室、光电传感器、显示装置和提示装置,它们均装在一个密闭外壳中,防止外来光的影响,光源发出的光不能从非需要的方向进入光电传感器影响测量结果。 A device for measuring gas concentration by optical interferometry, including a light source, a wedge-shaped gas chamber, a photoelectric sensor, a display device, and a prompting device, all of which are installed in an airtight casing to prevent the influence of external light. Unwanted directions entering the photoelectric sensor affect the measurement results.

所述光源包括点光源发生器和平行光扩束器,所述平行光扩束器设置在点光源发生器的出射光路上,在平行光扩束器前方设置劈尖形气体室,在劈尖形气体室的反射光汇聚处设置光电传感器,光电传感器通过信号线连接显示器和提示装置。 The light source includes a point light source generator and a parallel beam expander, the parallel beam expander is arranged on the outgoing light path of the point light source generator, a wedge-shaped gas chamber is arranged in front of the parallel beam expander, and A photoelectric sensor is arranged at the converging place of the reflected light in the shaped gas chamber, and the photoelectric sensor is connected to the display and the prompting device through a signal line.

所述劈尖形气体室是一由倾斜放置的平行玻璃板和平面镜形成一个三角形空腔,此空腔用来装待测气体。 The wedge-shaped gas chamber is a triangular cavity formed by obliquely placed parallel glass plates and a plane mirror, and the cavity is used to contain the gas to be measured.

本发明利用光波在不同浓度的气体中折射率不同而产生的光程差,引起不同的干涉条纹,通过检测干涉条纹,实现对气体浓度的测定,其优点是准确度高,测量范围广,设备简单、坚固耐用,校正容易。自带气体浓度数字显示系统和多等级提示装置,操作直观快捷。 The invention uses the optical path difference caused by the different refractive index of light waves in different concentrations of gases to cause different interference fringes, and realizes the measurement of gas concentration by detecting the interference fringes. Its advantages are high accuracy, wide measurement range, and equipment Simple, rugged, and easy to calibrate. Equipped with gas concentration digital display system and multi-level prompt device, the operation is intuitive and quick.

附图说明 Description of drawings

 图1是本装置的原理框图; Fig. 1 is the functional block diagram of this device;

 图2是装置的结构示意图。 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device.

具体实施方式:Detailed ways:

以下结合附图详细说明本装置: The device is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

整个装置如图1和图2所示,本装置包括光源、劈尖形气体室2、光电传感器3、显示装置4和提示装置6,各个基本单元整体固定在一个外壳9内。外壳密闭,防止外来光的影响。  The entire device is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The device includes a light source, a wedge-shaped gas chamber 2, a photoelectric sensor 3, a display device 4 and a prompting device 6, and each basic unit is integrally fixed in a housing 9. The casing is airtight to prevent the influence of external light. the

所述光源包括点光源发生器1和平行光扩束器6,平行光扩束器6设置在点光源发生器1的出射光路上。 The light source includes a point light source generator 1 and a parallel light beam expander 6 , and the parallel light beam expander 6 is arranged on the outgoing light path of the point light source generator 1 .

劈尖形气体室2设置在平行光扩束器6前方,其实际为一倾斜平行玻璃板7和平面镜8之间支起的一个空腔,此空腔用来装待测气体,可直接与被测环境联通,也可以将待测气体装入,然后封闭。 The wedge-shaped gas chamber 2 is arranged in front of the parallel beam expander 6, which is actually a cavity supported between an inclined parallel glass plate 7 and a plane mirror 8. This cavity is used to hold the gas to be measured, and can be directly connected with The environment to be tested is connected, and the gas to be tested can also be filled and then closed.

光电传感器3设置在劈尖形气体室的反射光汇聚处,用于感应干涉条纹,并且将连续变化的模拟信号转化为稳定数字信号。 The photoelectric sensor 3 is arranged at the converging place of the reflected light in the wedge-shaped gas chamber, and is used for sensing interference fringes, and converting continuously changing analog signals into stable digital signals.

光电传感器3通过信号线连接显示器4和提示装置5。显示器4依靠已有的数据库,运用一定的算法计算出待测气体的浓度,并送至LED屏幕显示出来。提示装置5包括彩色灯提醒和发声提醒两部分,多用于在特殊环境监测有毒气体浓度时使用。待测气体在正常阀值时亮绿灯,当气体浓度超出设定的一级提示阀值时亮黄灯并发声提示,当气体浓度超出设定的二级提醒阀值时亮红灯并发声提示。 The photoelectric sensor 3 is connected to the display 4 and the prompting device 5 through a signal line. The display 4 relies on the existing database, uses a certain algorithm to calculate the concentration of the gas to be measured, and sends it to the LED screen for display. The prompting device 5 includes two parts: a colored lamp reminder and a sound reminder, and is mostly used for monitoring the concentration of toxic gases in a special environment. When the gas to be tested is at the normal threshold, the green light is on, when the gas concentration exceeds the set first-level reminder threshold, the yellow light is on and a sound reminder is given, and when the gas concentration exceeds the set second-level reminder threshold, the red light is on and a sound reminder is given .

本装置的原理:光源发射出具有一定角度的平行光束,平行光经过劈尖形气体室2后,因为有光程差所以出现了干涉条纹,到达光电传感器3。光电传感器3感应干涉条纹并且将信号转化为稳定数字信号。LED显示器4收集数字信号,依靠已有的数据库的数据分析之后计算出待测气体的浓度,并送至LED屏幕显示出来。如果有具体需要可以打开提醒装置5在气体浓度到达不同浓度时自动给出相应的提示。 The principle of this device: the light source emits a parallel light beam with a certain angle. After the parallel light passes through the wedge-shaped gas chamber 2, interference fringes appear due to the optical path difference, and then reaches the photoelectric sensor 3 . The photoelectric sensor 3 senses interference fringes and converts the signal into a stable digital signal. The LED display 4 collects digital signals, calculates the concentration of the gas to be measured after relying on the data analysis of the existing database, and sends it to the LED screen for display. If there is a specific need, the reminding device 5 can be opened to automatically give corresponding prompts when the gas concentration reaches different concentrations.

使用方式:若采用此装置测定特定环境中特定气体的浓度,(例如,需要检测煤矿井内瓦斯气体浓度)只需要将该装置置于煤矿空气中,打开装置的劈尖形气体室,让其与外部空气相连通,等气体在气体室内扩散稳定后,打开光源,平行光束以一定角度射向劈尖形气体室2,在平行玻璃板7处既发生了反射,也发生了折射,反射的光直接射向光电传感器3,折射光要先经过待测气体,再被平面镜8反射传入光电传感器3,在经过待测气体时,由于不同浓度的气体导致经过平面镜8反射后最终又被平行玻璃板7折射进入传感器的光束和直接经过反射进入传感器的光出现不同的光程差,形成干涉条纹。光电传感器3读取并记录这些条纹及其变化,再将该条纹变化转化为稳定的数字信号送至多等级提示装置5,多等级提示装置5将该信号与预先设定的提示阀值相比较,以确定提示的方式和状态。 How to use: If you use this device to measure the concentration of a specific gas in a specific environment, (for example, you need to detect the gas concentration in a coal mine), you only need to place the device in the air of the coal mine, open the wedge-shaped gas chamber of the device, and let it and The external air is connected, and after the gas diffuses stably in the gas chamber, the light source is turned on, and the parallel light beam shoots to the wedge-shaped gas chamber 2 at a certain angle, and both reflection and refraction occur at the parallel glass plate 7, and the reflected light Directly shoot to the photoelectric sensor 3. The refracted light must first pass through the gas to be measured, and then be reflected by the plane mirror 8 and then enter the photoelectric sensor 3. When passing through the gas to be measured, due to the different concentrations of the gas, it will be reflected by the plane mirror 8 and finally be reflected by the parallel glass. The light beam refracted by the plate 7 entering the sensor and the light directly entering the sensor through reflection have different optical path differences, forming interference fringes. The photoelectric sensor 3 reads and records these stripes and their changes, and then converts the stripe changes into a stable digital signal and sends it to the multi-level prompting device 5. The multi-level prompting device 5 compares the signal with the preset prompting threshold, to determine the mode and status of the prompt.

Claims (2)

1.一种光干涉法测量气体浓度的装置,其特征在于:其包括光源、劈尖形气体室(2)、光电传感器(3)、显示器(4)和提示装置(5),它们均装在一个密闭外壳(9)中;所述光源包括点光源发生器(1)和平行光扩束器(6),所述平行光扩束器(6)设置在点光源发生器(1)的出射光路上,在平行光扩束器(6)前方设置劈尖形气体室(2),在劈尖形气体室的反射光汇聚处设置光电传感器(3),光电传感器(3)通过信号线连接显示器(4)和提示装置(5)。 1. A device for measuring gas concentration by light interferometry, characterized in that it comprises a light source, a wedge-shaped gas chamber (2), a photoelectric sensor (3), a display (4) and a prompting device (5), all of which are equipped with In an airtight casing (9); the light source includes a point source generator (1) and a parallel beam expander (6), and the parallel beam expander (6) is arranged at the point source generator (1) On the outgoing light path, a wedge-shaped gas chamber (2) is arranged in front of the parallel beam expander (6), and a photoelectric sensor (3) is arranged at the point where the reflected light of the wedge-shaped gas chamber converges. The photoelectric sensor (3) passes through the signal line Connect the display (4) and prompting device (5). 2.根据权利要求1所述的光干涉法测量气体浓度的装置,其特征在于:所述劈尖形气体室(2)是一由倾斜放置的平行玻璃板(7)和水平放置的平面镜(8)形成的一个三角形空腔,此空腔用来装待测气体。 2. The device for measuring gas concentration by optical interferometry according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wedge-shaped gas chamber (2) is composed of an obliquely placed parallel glass plate (7) and a horizontally placed plane mirror ( 8) A triangular cavity is formed, which is used to hold the gas to be measured.
CN2012104354877A 2012-11-05 2012-11-05 Device for measuring gas concentration through optical interference method Pending CN102928383A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103411888A (en) * 2013-08-27 2013-11-27 南京信息工程大学 Gas concentration measuring method and measuring device
CN110749549A (en) * 2019-11-22 2020-02-04 山东大学 A device and method for monitoring the composition and concentration of malodorous gas
CN111504949A (en) * 2020-05-11 2020-08-07 西南大学 Fluid identification device based on interference method

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3130636A1 (en) * 1981-07-29 1983-02-17 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Optical method for monitoring the density of a fluid and device for carrying out the method
JP2000046737A (en) * 1998-07-29 2000-02-18 Taiheiyo Tanko Kk Apparatus and method for measurement of concentration of gas
CN102305775A (en) * 2011-08-31 2012-01-04 西安科技大学 Optical measurement method for gas concentration of coal mines

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3130636A1 (en) * 1981-07-29 1983-02-17 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Optical method for monitoring the density of a fluid and device for carrying out the method
JP2000046737A (en) * 1998-07-29 2000-02-18 Taiheiyo Tanko Kk Apparatus and method for measurement of concentration of gas
CN102305775A (en) * 2011-08-31 2012-01-04 西安科技大学 Optical measurement method for gas concentration of coal mines

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103411888A (en) * 2013-08-27 2013-11-27 南京信息工程大学 Gas concentration measuring method and measuring device
CN103411888B (en) * 2013-08-27 2016-01-20 南京信息工程大学 A kind of gas concentration measuring method and measurement mechanism
CN110749549A (en) * 2019-11-22 2020-02-04 山东大学 A device and method for monitoring the composition and concentration of malodorous gas
CN111504949A (en) * 2020-05-11 2020-08-07 西南大学 Fluid identification device based on interference method

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Application publication date: 20130213