CN102928033B - Ventilation testing method combining standard distributed samples and passive samplers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a ventilation testing method combining standard distributed samples and passive samplers, which belongs to the field of ventilation tests. The method comprises the following steps of: arranging the two standard distributed samples in a testing area along a diagonals ahead of one day; putting a temperature self-recording instrument into the area, and putting the two passive samplers on the two sides of the temperature self-recording instrument; starting sampling and recording sampling starting time; performing the sampling for pre-set sampling time T; sealing the standard distributed samples and the passive samplers and recording sampling finish time; detecting the sealed passive samplers by a gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy to acquire sampling quantity; and modifying the sampling velocity of the passive samplers and the distribution velocity of the standard distributed samples according to an average temperature obtained by the temperature self-recording instrument, and calculating the ventilation volume of a testing room. The method can be implemented by the instruments which are simple, are convenient to operate without professional persons and are recyclable as well as environment-friendly and energy-saving. Meanwhile, the method also can be applied to ventilation tests of other artificial environments of transportation tools and the like.

Description

A kind of combined standard distributes the ventilation method of testing of sample and Passive sampler

Technical field

The invention belongs to ventilation field tests, particularly a kind of ventilation method of testing that adopts standard distribution sample and Passive sampler.

Background technology

In recent years, IAQ (indoor air quality) problem more and more becomes a hot spot of society.Because the decorating and renovating materials such as indoor furniture, sheet material, paint distribute harmful pollutant, this is the one of the main reasons that causes current indoor air quality inferior.And ventilation dilution (comprising natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation) is a kind of effective means of improving IAQ (indoor air quality).If but ventilation is excessive, not only can cause the energy consumption of heating or cools outdoor air excessive, and may be indoor a large amount of outdoor pollutant introducings.Therefore, reasonably ventilate comfortable and healthy most important for personnel.

For grasping the ventilation condition of buildings reality, the conventional tracer gas technique of people is tested, conventional tracer gas method is used the containers such as gas tank at a certain amount of tracer gas of indoor release, adopts professional instrument to detect trace gas concentration, then calculates ventilation numerical value.In test process, need to use gas tank to discharge tracer gas and need professional test instrument to coordinate test, operating process complexity, needs professional person to operate, and is difficult to be applied to large-scale social investigation work.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is the deficiency for overcoming prior art, the ventilation method of testing that proposes a kind of combined standard and distribute sample and Passive sampler, the method is used instrument simple, easy to operate, operates without professional person; Instrument can reuse, environmental protection and energy saving.Meanwhile, the present invention also can be applied in the ventilation test job of other artificial environments such as the vehicles.

The present invention uses instrument to comprise: standard distribution sample, Passive sampler and automatic temperature recorder.Adopt standard distribution sample with constant rate of speed to indoor release tracer gas, gather tracer gas with Passive sampler, and record indoor temperature with automatic temperature recorder, record the sampling time, finally in laboratory, analyze Passive sampler sampling quantity, can calculate the concrete numerical value of ventilation according to the rate of release of standard distribution sample, sampling time, sampling quantity.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is single zonal ventilation method of testing schematic diagram that the present invention proposes.

Fig. 2 is the Multi-zone ventilation method of testing schematic diagram that the present invention proposes

In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the 1st, standard distribution sample, the 2nd, automatic temperature recorder, the 3rd, Passive sampler.

Embodiment

The ventilation method of testing that a kind of combined standard that the present invention proposes distributes sample and Passive sampler, can be used for single area (except single room can be used as single area, if two adjacent room are communicated with area greatly and keep often opening, also can be used as a region) and multizone test, multizone test can obtain interregional air mass flow, and the proving installation that the present invention adopts comprises: standard distribution sample 1, automatic temperature recorder 2 and Passive sampler 3.

Standard distribution sample structure adopts solid-membrane type structure (public announcement of a patent application number: CN 101975749A), and when single area test, standard distribution sample adopts identical chemical composition; When multizone test, the standard distribution sample between zones of different adopts different chemical compositions.Standard distribution sample can adopt the chemical compositions such as perfluocarbon, alkane or alcohols.Passive sampler adopts passive filling adsorption sampling device (public announcement of a patent application number: CN 101852692A), porous shell inner filling absorbent particles, and sorbing material can adopt the adsorbents such as activated charcoal, silica gel, molecular sieve.

The combined standard ventilation method of testing of distributing sample and Passive sampler that the present invention proposes, for single area test, as shown in Figure 1, test process comprises the following steps the method proving installation arrangement used:

1) two standard distribution samples 1 are carried to the previous day (to ensure that concentration reaches stable) diagonal line and be arranged in (avoiding being placed near door and window, to ensure to mix and avoid air flow shortcircuit) in test zone;

2) automatic temperature recorder 2 is placed on to middle part, region, two Passive samplers 3 is placed on to the both sides of automatic temperature recorder, Passive sampler and automatic temperature recorder between the two distance are greater than 0.5 meter, and Passive sampler starts sampling start-of-record sampling time;

3) after default sampling time T, finish sampling, T is made as 1-7 days; Standard distribution sample and Passive sampler are sealed to the end of record (EOR) sampling time;

4) detect with gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) Passive sampler sealing and obtain sampling quantity M;

5) the medial temperature correction Passive sampler sampling rate SR obtaining according to automatic temperature recorder is relevant with temperature with emission rate with the emission rate m(sampling rate of standard distribution sample, need be according to actual test status correction), the ventilation Q that calculates test room, circular is as follows:

$Q=\frac{m}{\stackrel{-}{C}}=\frac{m}{M}\·T\·\mathrm{SR}---\left(1\right)$

In formula, M represents sampling quantity, and unit is ug; T represents the sampling time, and unit is h; SR represents Passive sampler sampling rate, and unit is m ³/ h; M represents the emission rate of standard distribution sample, and unit is ug/h; Q represents ventilation, and unit is m ³/ h; represent mean concentration, unit is ug/m ³.

The combined standard ventilation method of testing of distributing sample and Passive sampler that the present invention proposes, for multizone test, the method proving installation arrangement used (in figure taking three regions as example) as shown in Figure 2, test process comprises the following steps:

1) in each region, carry the previous day (to ensure that concentration reaches stable) diagonal line and place near the standard distribution sample 1 of (avoiding being placed on door and window, to ensure to mix and avoid air flow shortcircuit) two identical chemical compositions; Standard distribution sample chemical composition difference in zones of different;

2) middle part, each region laying temperature self recording instrument 2, the both sides of automatic temperature recorder, place two Passive samplers 3, and Passive sampler and automatic temperature recorder between the two distance are greater than 0.5 meter; Start sampling start-of-record sampling time;

3) after default sampling time T, finish sampling, T is made as 1-7 days; Standard distribution sample and Passive sampler are sealed to the end of record (EOR) sampling time;

4) detect with gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) Passive sampler sealing and obtain sampling quantity M _ij;

5) the medial temperature correction Passive sampler sampling rate SR obtaining according to automatic temperature recorder _ijemission rate m with standard distribution sample _j(sampling rate is relevant with temperature with emission rate, need according to actual state correction), calculates the ventilation Q of test room, and circular is suc as formula shown in (2-1):

CQ=M （2-1）

The matrix form of formula (2-1) is suc as formula (2-1):

$\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}-1& 1& 1& ...& 1\\ 0& C_{11}& C_{12}& ...& C_{1N}\\ 0& C_{21}& C_{22}& ...& C_{2N}\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ 0& C_{N1}& C_{N2}& ...& C_{\mathrm{NN}}\end{array}\right]\×\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}{Q}_{00}& Q_{01}& Q_{02}& ...& Q_{0N}\\ Q_{10}& Q_{11}& {-Q}_{12}& ...& {-Q}_{1N}\\ Q_{20}& {-Q}_{21}& Q_{22}& ...& {-Q}_{2N}\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ Q_{N0}& {-Q}_{N1}& {-Q}_{N2}& ...& Q_{\mathrm{NN}}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}0& 0& 0& ...& 0\\ m_1& m_1& 0& ...& 0\\ m_2& 0& m_2& ...& 0\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ m_N& 0& 0& ...& m_N\end{array}\right]---(2-2)$

According to matrix inversion technique:

Q=C ^-1M （3）

In formula (2-2), Q _ijthe flow (i ≠ j, area 0 represents outdoor) that represents to flow to from region i region j, unit is m ³/ h; Q _iirepresent the flow (i>=1) that flows into or flow out from region i, unit is m ³/ h; Q ₀₀the outdoor air flow that represents to flow into or flow out All Ranges, unit is m ³/ h; C _ijthe concentration (outdoor concentration be 0) of the component that expression is distributed from the standard distribution sample of region i in the j of region, C _ij=M _ij/ (TSR _ij), unit is ug/m ³; M _ijrepresent that standard distribution sample gained in the j of region comes from the sampling quantity of the component that the standard distribution sample of region i distributes, unit is ug; SR _ijthe speed (need through temperature correction) of component is distributed in the sampling that represents Passive sampler in the j of region from region i standard distribution sample, unit is m ³/ h; represent that region j Plays distributes the emission rate of sample (need through temperature correction), unit is ug/h.

Embodiments of the invention 1(is to the single area test of ventilating) test process is:

1) two standard distribution samples 1 are carried to the previous day (to ensure that concentration reaches stable) diagonal line and be arranged in (avoiding being placed near door and window, to ensure to mix and avoid air flow shortcircuit) in test zone, standard distribution sample is all 0.5 meter from both sides body of wall;

2) automatic temperature recorder 2 is placed on to middle part, region, two Passive samplers 3 is placed on to the both sides (both are at a distance of 1 meter) of automatic temperature recorder, start sampling;

3) after (24 hours), finished sampling through sampling time T=1 days, standard distribution sample and Passive sampler are sealed;

4) detect with gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) Passive sampler sealing and obtain sampling quantity M=65.1ug;

5) the medial temperature correction Passive sampler sampling rate SR=0.0931m obtaining according to automatic temperature recorder ³the emission rate m=1811ug/h(sampling rate of/h and standard distribution sample is relevant with temperature with emission rate, need be according to actual test status correction), calculate the ventilation Q of test room, circular is as follows:

$Q=\frac{m}{\stackrel{-}{C}}=\frac{m}{M}\·T\·\mathrm{SR}=\frac{1811}{65.1}\×24\×0.0931=62m^3/h---\left(1\right)$

In formula, M represents sampling quantity, ug; T represents the sampling time, h; SR represents Passive sampler sampling rate, m ³/ h; M represents the emission rate of standard distribution sample, ug/h; Q represents ventilation, m ³/ h.

Embodiments of the invention 2(Multi-zone ventilation test) the course of work as follows:

1) in each region, proposing (to ensure that concentration reaches stable) diagonal line placement the previous day (avoids being placed near door and window, to ensure mixing and avoid air flow shortcircuit) standard distribution sample 1 of two identical chemical compositions, the standard distribution sample chemical composition difference in zones of different;

2) middle part, each region laying temperature self recording instrument 2, two Passive samplers 3 are placed in the both sides (between the two at a distance of 1 meter) of automatic temperature recorder, start sampling;

3) after (24 hours), finished sampling through sampling time T=1 days, standard distribution sample and Passive sampler are sealed;

4) detect with gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) Passive sampler sealing and obtain sampling quantity M _ij;

5) the medial temperature correction Passive sampler sampling rate SR obtaining according to automatic temperature recorder _ijemission rate m with standard distribution sample _j(sampling rate is relevant with temperature with emission rate, need according to actual state correction), calculates the ventilation Q of test room, and circular is as follows:

$\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}-1& 1& 1& ...& 1\\ 0& C_{11}& C_{12}& ...& C_{1N}\\ 0& C_{21}& C_{22}& ...& C_{2N}\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ 0& C_{N1}& C_{N2}& ...& C_{\mathrm{NN}}\end{array}\right]\×\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}{Q}_{00}& Q_{01}& Q_{02}& ...& Q_{0N}\\ Q_{10}& Q_{11}& {-Q}_{12}& ...& {-Q}_{1N}\\ Q_{20}& {-Q}_{21}& Q_{22}& ...& {-Q}_{2N}\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ Q_{N0}& {-Q}_{N1}& {-Q}_{N2}& ...& Q_{\mathrm{NN}}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}0& 0& 0& ...& 0\\ m_1& m_1& 0& ...& 0\\ m_2& 0& m_2& ...& 0\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ m_N& 0& 0& ...& m_N\end{array}\right]---(2-1)$

Be matrix form: CQ=M (2-2)

According to matrix inversion technique:

$Q=C^{-1}M={\left[\begin{array}{cccc}-1& 1& 1& 1\\ 0& \frac{15.0}{24\×0.0931}& \frac{5.0}{24\×0.0931}& \frac{1.3}{24\×0.0931}\\ 0& \frac{10.6}{24\×0.0923}& \frac{22.6}{24\×0.0923}& \frac{2.4}{24\×0.0923}\\ 0& \frac{2.7}{24\×0.0905}& \frac{6.3}{24\×0.0905}& \frac{11.8}{24\×0.0905}\end{array}\right]}^{-1}---\left(3\right)$

$\×\left[\begin{array}{cccc}0& 0& 0& 0\\ 1800& 1800& 0& 0\\ 1799& 0& 1799& 0\\ 750& 0& 0& 750\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}353.0& 175.0& 52.1& 125.9\\ 245.0& 317.4& -63.5& -8.9\\ 55.9& -149.6& 216.9& -11.4\\ 52.2& 7.3& -101.3& 146.1\end{array}\right]$

In formula, Q _ijrepresent to flow to from region i the flow (i ≠ j, area 0 represents outdoor) of region j, m ³/ h; Q _iirepresent the flow (i>=1) that flows into or flow out from region i, m ³/ h; Q ₀₀represent to flow into or flow out the outdoor air flow of All Ranges, m ³/ h; C _ijthe concentration (outdoor concentration be 0) of the component that expression is distributed from the standard distribution sample of region i in the j of region, C _ij=M _ij/ (TSR _ij), ug/m ³; M _ijrepresent that standard distribution sample gained in the j of region comes from the sampling quantity of the component that the standard distribution sample of region i distributes, ug; SR _ijthe speed (need through temperature correction) of component, m are distributed in the sampling that represents Passive sampler in the j of region from region i standard distribution sample ³/ h; represent that region j Plays distributes the emission rate of sample (need through temperature correction), ug/h.

Claims (2)

1. combined standard distributes a ventilation method of testing for sample and Passive sampler, and for single area test, proving installation comprises standard distribution sample, automatic temperature recorder and Passive sampler, and method of testing comprises the following steps:

1) two standard distribution samples being carried to the previous day diagonal line is arranged in test zone;

2) automatic temperature recorder is placed on to middle part, region, two Passive samplers is placed on to the both sides of automatic temperature recorder, Passive sampler and automatic temperature recorder between the two distance are greater than 0.5 meter, and Passive sampler starts sampling start-of-record sampling time;

3) after default sampling time T, finish sampling, T is made as 1-7 days; Standard distribution sample and Passive sampler are sealed to the end of record (EOR) sampling time;

4) detect with gas chromatography mass spectrometer the Passive sampler sealing and obtain sampling quantity M;

5) the medial temperature correction Passive sampler sampling rate SR obtaining according to automatic temperature recorder and the emission rate m of standard distribution sample, calculate the ventilation Q of test room:

$Q=\frac{m}{\stackrel{\‾}{C}}=\frac{m}{M}\·T\·\mathrm{SR}---\left(1\right)$

In formula, M represents sampling quantity, and unit is ug; T represents the sampling time, and unit is h; SR represents Passive sampler sampling rate, and unit is m ³/ h; M represents the emission rate of standard distribution sample, and unit is ug/h; Q represents ventilation, and unit is m ³/ h; represent mean concentration, unit is ug/m ³.

2. combined standard distributes a ventilation method of testing for sample and Passive sampler, and for multizone test, proving installation comprises standard distribution sample, automatic temperature recorder and Passive sampler, and method of testing comprises the following steps:

1) in each region, carry diagonal line placement the previous day, the standard distribution sample of two identical chemical compositions; Standard distribution sample chemical composition difference in zones of different;

2) middle part, each region laying temperature self recording instrument, two Passive samplers are placed in the both sides of automatic temperature recorder, and Passive sampler and automatic temperature recorder between the two distance are greater than 0.5 meter; Start sampling start-of-record sampling time;

3) after default sampling time T, finish sampling, T is made as 1-7 days; Standard distribution sample and Passive sampler are sealed to the end of record (EOR) sampling time;

4) detect with gas chromatography mass spectrometer the Passive sampler sealing and obtain sampling quantity M _ij;

5) the medial temperature correction Passive sampler sampling rate SR obtaining according to automatic temperature recorder _ijemission rate m with standard distribution sample _j, calculating the ventilation Q of test room, circular is suc as formula shown in (2-1):

CQ＝M (2-1)

The matrix form of formula (2-1) is suc as formula (2-1):

$\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}-1& 1& 1& ...& 1\\ 0& C_{11}& C_{12}& ...& C_{1N}\\ 0& C_{21}& C_{22}& ...& C_{2N}\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ 0& C_{N1}& C_{N2}& ...& C_{\mathrm{NN}}\end{array}\right]\×\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}{Q}_{00}& Q_{01}& Q_{02}& ...& Q_{0N}\\ Q_{10}& Q_{11}& -Q_{12}& ...& -Q_{1N}\\ Q_{20}& -Q_{21}& Q_{22}& ...& -Q_{2N}\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ Q_{N0}& -Q_{N1}& -Q_{N2}& ...& Q_{\mathrm{NN}}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}0& 0& 0& ...& 0\\ m_1& m_1& 0& ...& 0\\ m_2& 0& m_2& ...& 0\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ m_N& 0& 0& ...& m_N\end{array}\right]---(2-2)$

According to matrix inversion technique:

Q＝C ^-1M (3)

In formula (2-2), Q _ijthe flow (i ≠ j, area 0 represents outdoor) that represents to flow to from region i region j, unit is m ³/ h; Q _iirepresent the flow (i>=1) that flows into or flow out from region i, unit is m ³/ h; Q ₀₀the outdoor air flow that represents to flow into or flow out All Ranges, unit is m ³/ h; C _ijthe concentration of the component that expression is distributed from the standard distribution sample of region i in the j of region, outdoor concentration is 0, C _ij=M _ij/ (TSR _ij), unit is ug/m ³; M _ijrepresent that standard distribution sample gained in the j of region comes from the sampling quantity of the component that the standard distribution sample of region i distributes, unit is ug; SR _ijin expression region j, the speed of component is distributed in the sampling of Passive sampler from region i standard distribution sample, and unit is m ³/ h; m _jrepresent the emission rate that region j Plays distributes sample, unit is ug/h.