CN102928033A - Ventilation testing method combining standard distributed samples and passive samplers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a ventilation testing method combining standard distributed samples and passive samplers, which belongs to the field of ventilation tests. The method comprises the following steps of: arranging the two standard distributed samples in a testing area along a diagonals ahead of one day; putting a temperature self-recording instrument into the area, and putting the two passive samplers on the two sides of the temperature self-recording instrument; starting sampling and recording sampling starting time; performing the sampling for pre-set sampling time T; sealing the standard distributed samples and the passive samplers and recording sampling finish time; detecting the sealed passive samplers by a gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy to acquire sampling quantity; and modifying the sampling velocity of the passive samplers and the distribution velocity of the standard distributed samples according to an average temperature obtained by the temperature self-recording instrument, and calculating the ventilation volume of a testing room. The method can be implemented by the instruments which are simple, are convenient to operate without professional persons and are recyclable as well as environment-friendly and energy-saving. Meanwhile, the method also can be applied to ventilation tests of other artificial environments of transportation tools and the like.

Description

A kind of combined standard distributes the ventilation method of testing of sample and Passive sampler

Technical field

The invention belongs to the ventilation field tests, particularly a kind of ventilation method of testing that adopts standard distribution sample and Passive sampler.

Background technology

In recent years, the IAQ (indoor air quality) problem more and more becomes a hot spot of society.Because the decorating and renovating materials such as indoor furniture, sheet material, paint distribute harmful pollutant, this is the one of the main reasons that causes current indoor air quality inferior.And ventilation dilution (comprising natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation) is a kind of effective means of improving IAQ (indoor air quality).If but ventilation is excessive, not only can cause the energy consumption of heating or cools outdoor air excessive, and may be indoor a large amount of introducings of outdoor pollutant.Therefore, reasonably ventilate comfortable and healthy most important for personnel.

For grasping the ventilation condition of buildings reality, people's tracer gas technique commonly used is tested, the conventional containers such as tracer gas method use gas tank adopt professional instrument to detect trace gas concentration at a certain amount of tracer gas of indoor release, then calculate ventilation numerical value.In test process, need to use gas tank to discharge tracer gas and also need cooperate test by the professional test instrument, operating process is complicated, need the professional person operate, and is difficult to be applied to large-scale social investigation work.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to propose the ventilation method of testing that a kind of combined standard distributes sample and Passive sampler for overcoming the deficiency of prior art, the method uses instrument simple, easy to operate, need not professional person's operation; Instrument can reuse, environmental protection and energy saving.Simultaneously, the present invention also can be applied in the ventilation test job of other artificial environments such as the vehicles.

The present invention uses instrument to comprise: standard distribution sample, Passive sampler and automatic temperature recorder.Adopt standard distribution sample with constant rate of speed to indoor release tracer gas, gather tracer gas with Passive sampler, and record indoor temperature with automatic temperature recorder, the record sampling time, in the laboratory, analyze at last the Passive sampler sampling quantity, can calculate the concrete numerical value of ventilation according to rate of release, sampling time, the sampling quantity of standard distribution sample.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is single zonal ventilation method of testing synoptic diagram that the present invention proposes.

Fig. 2 is the Multi-zone ventilation method of testing synoptic diagram that the present invention proposes

Among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the 1st, standard distribution sample, the 2nd, automatic temperature recorder, the 3rd, Passive sampler.

Embodiment

The ventilation method of testing that a kind of combined standard that the present invention proposes distributes sample and Passive sampler, can be used for single area (except single room can be used as the single area, if it is large and keep often opening that two adjacent room are communicated with area, also can be used as a zone) and the multizone test, the multizone test can obtain interregional air mass flow, and the proving installation that the present invention adopts comprises: standard distribution sample 1, automatic temperature recorder 2 and Passive sampler 3.

The standard distribution sample structure adopts solid-membrane type structure, and (public announcement of a patent application number: CN 101975749A), during the single area test, standard distribution sample adopts identical chemical composition; During the multizone test, the standard distribution sample between zones of different adopts different chemical compositions.Standard distribution sample can adopt the chemical compositions such as perfluocarbon, alkane or alcohols.Passive sampler adopt passive filling adsorption sampling device (public announcement of a patent application number: CN 101852692A), porous shell inner filling absorbent particles, sorbing material can adopt the adsorbents such as activated charcoal, silica gel, molecular sieve.

The ventilation method of testing that the combined standard that the present invention proposes distributes sample and Passive sampler is used for the single area test, the used proving installation arrangement of the method as shown in Figure 1, test process may further comprise the steps:

1) two standard distribution samples 1 being carried the previous day (reaching stable to guarantee concentration) diagonal line is arranged in the test zone and (avoids being placed near the door and window, to guarantee to mix and avoid air flow shortcircuit);

2) automatic temperature recorder 2 is placed on zone middle part, two Passive samplers 3 are placed on the both sides of automatic temperature recorder, distance is greater than 0.5 meter between the two for Passive sampler and automatic temperature recorder, and Passive sampler begins to sample, and the start-of-record sampling time;

3) through finishing sampling behind the default sampling time T, T is made as 1-7 days; Standard distribution sample and Passive sampler are sealed the end of record (EOR) sampling time;

4) detect the Passive sampler that seals with gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and obtain sampling quantity M;

5) the medial temperature correction Passive sampler sampling rate SR that obtains according to automatic temperature recorder is relevant with temperature with emission rate with the emission rate m(sampling rate of standard distribution sample, need according to actual test status correction), calculate the ventilation Q of test room, circular is as follows:

$Q=\frac{m}{\stackrel{-}{C}}=\frac{m}{M}\·T\·\mathrm{SR}---\left(1\right)$

In the formula, M represents sampling quantity, and unit is ug; T represents the sampling time, and unit is h; SR represents the Passive sampler sampling rate, and unit is m ³/ h; M represents the emission rate of standard distribution sample, and unit is ug/h; Q represents ventilation, and unit is m ³/ h;

The expression mean concentration, unit is ug/m ³

The ventilation method of testing that the combined standard that the present invention proposes distributes sample and Passive sampler is used for the multizone test, and the used proving installation arrangement of the method is (among the figure take Three regions as example) as shown in Figure 2, and test process may further comprise the steps:

1) in each zone, carries the previous day (reaching stable to guarantee concentration) diagonal line and place near the standard distribution sample 1 of (to avoid being placed on the door and window, to guarantee mix and avoid air flow shortcircuit) two identical chemical compositions; Standard distribution sample chemical composition in the zones of different is different;

2) each zone middle part laying temperature self recording instrument 2, two Passive samplers 3 are placed in the both sides of automatic temperature recorder, and Passive sampler and automatic temperature recorder are between the two apart from greater than 0.5 meter; Begin sampling and start-of-record sampling time;

3) through finishing sampling behind the default sampling time T, T is made as 1-7 days; Standard distribution sample and Passive sampler are sealed the end of record (EOR) sampling time;

4) detect the Passive sampler that seals with gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and obtain sampling quantity M _Ij

5) the medial temperature correction Passive sampler sampling rate SR that obtains according to automatic temperature recorder _IjEmission rate m with standard distribution sample _j(sampling rate is relevant with temperature with emission rate, need according to the actual state correction) calculates the ventilation Q of test room, and circular is suc as formula shown in (2-1):

CQ=M （2-1）

The matrix form of formula (2-1) is suc as formula (2-1):

$\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}-1& 1& 1& ...& 1\\ 0& C_{11}& C_{12}& ...& C_{1N}\\ 0& C_{21}& C_{22}& ...& C_{2N}\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ 0& C_{N1}& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="C\; N"\; filenames="HDA00002332398000011.png,HDA00002332398000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}_N& ...& C_{\mathrm{NN}}\end{array}\right]\&times;\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}{Q}_{00}& Q_{01}& Q_{02}& ...& Q_{0N}\\ Q_{10}& Q_{11}& {-Q}_{12}& ...& {-Q}_{1N}\\ Q_{20}& {-Q}_{21}& Q_{22}& ...& {-Q}_{2N}\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ Q_{N0}& {-Q}_{N1}& {-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Q\; N"\; filenames="HDA00002332398000011.png,HDA00002332398000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Q</figure-callout>}}_N& ...& Q_{\mathrm{NN}}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}0& 0& 0& ...& 0\\ m_1& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="m"\; filenames="HDA00002332398000011.png,HDA00002332398000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}_1& 0& ...& 0\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="HDA00002332398000011.png,HDA00002332398000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}_2& 0& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="HDA00002332398000011.png,HDA00002332398000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}_2& ...& 0\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ m_N& 0& 0& ...& m_N\end{array}\right]---(2-2)$

According to matrix inversion technique:

Q=C ^-1M （3）

In the formula (2-2), Q _IjExpression flows to the flow (i ≠ j, area 0 represents outdoor) of regional j from regional i, and unit is m ³/ h; Q _IiThe flow (i 〉=1) that expression flows into or flows out from regional i, unit is m ³/ h; Q ₀₀Expression flows into or flows out the outdoor air flow of All Ranges, and unit is m ³/ h; C _IjThe concentration (outdoor concentration be 0) of component in regional j that expression is distributed from the standard distribution sample of regional i, C _Ij=M _Ij/ (TSR _Ij), unit is ug/m ³M _IjExpression standard distribution sample gained in regional j comes from the sampling quantity of the component that the standard distribution sample of regional i distributes, and unit is ug; SR _IjThe sampling that represents Passive sampler among the regional j is distributed the speed (needing through the temperature correction) of component from regional i standard distribution sample, and unit is m ³/ h;

Represent that regional j Plays distributes the emission rate of sample (needing through the temperature correction), unit is ug/h.

Embodiments of the invention 1(is to the single area test of ventilating) test process is:

1) two standard distribution samples 1 are carried the previous day (reaching stable to guarantee concentration) diagonal line and be arranged in the test zone and (avoid being placed near the door and window, to guarantee to mix and avoid air flow shortcircuit), standard distribution sample all is 0.5 meter from the both sides body of wall;

2) automatic temperature recorder 2 is placed on zone middle part, two Passive samplers 3 are placed on the both sides (both are at a distance of 1 meter) of automatic temperature recorder, begin sampling;

3) through finishing sampling after sampling time T=1 days (24 hours), standard distribution sample and Passive sampler are sealed;

4) detect the Passive sampler that seals with gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and obtain sampling quantity M=65.1ug;

5) the medial temperature correction Passive sampler sampling rate SR=0.0931m that obtains according to automatic temperature recorder ³The emission rate m=1811ug/h(sampling rate of/h and standard distribution sample is relevant with temperature with emission rate, needs according to actual test status correction), calculate the ventilation Q of test room, circular is as follows:

$Q=\frac{m}{\stackrel{-}{C}}=\frac{m}{M}\&CenterDot;T\&CenterDot;\mathrm{SR}=\frac{1811}{65.1}\&times;24\&times;0.0931=62{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="m"\; filenames="HDA00002332398000011.png,HDA00002332398000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^3/h---\left(1\right)$

In the formula, M represents sampling quantity, ug; T represents the sampling time, h; SR represents Passive sampler sampling rate, m ³/ h; M represents the emission rate of standard distribution sample, ug/h; Q represents ventilation, m ³/ h.

The test of embodiments of the invention 2(Multi-zone ventilation) the course of work is as follows:

1) proposing (reaching stable to guarantee concentration) diagonal line placement the previous day in each zone (avoids being placed near the door and window, mix and to avoid air flow shortcircuit guaranteeing) standard distribution sample 1 of two identical chemical compositions, the standard distribution sample chemical composition in the zones of different is different;

2) each middle part, zone laying temperature self recording instrument 2, the both sides of automatic temperature recorder (between the two at a distance of 1 meter) places two Passive samplers 3, begins sampling;

3) through finishing sampling after sampling time T=1 days (24 hours), standard distribution sample and Passive sampler are sealed;

4) detect the Passive sampler that seals with gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and obtain sampling quantity M _Ij

5) the medial temperature correction Passive sampler sampling rate SR that obtains according to automatic temperature recorder _IjEmission rate m with standard distribution sample _j(sampling rate is relevant with temperature with emission rate, need according to the actual state correction) calculates the ventilation Q of test room, and circular is as follows:

$\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}-1& 1& 1& ...& 1\\ 0& C_{11}& C_{12}& ...& C_{1N}\\ 0& C_{21}& C_{22}& ...& C_{2N}\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ 0& C_{N1}& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="C\; N"\; filenames="HDA00002332398000011.png,HDA00002332398000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}_N& ...& C_{\mathrm{NN}}\end{array}\right]\&times;\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}{Q}_{00}& Q_{01}& Q_{02}& ...& Q_{0N}\\ Q_{10}& Q_{11}& {-Q}_{12}& ...& {-Q}_{1N}\\ Q_{20}& {-Q}_{21}& Q_{22}& ...& {-Q}_{2N}\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ Q_{N0}& {-Q}_{N1}& {-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Q\; N"\; filenames="HDA00002332398000011.png,HDA00002332398000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Q</figure-callout>}}_N& ...& Q_{\mathrm{NN}}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}0& 0& 0& ...& 0\\ m_1& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="m"\; filenames="HDA00002332398000011.png,HDA00002332398000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}_1& 0& ...& 0\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="HDA00002332398000011.png,HDA00002332398000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}_2& 0& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="HDA00002332398000011.png,HDA00002332398000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}_2& ...& 0\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ m_N& 0& 0& ...& m_N\end{array}\right]---(2-1)$

Be matrix form: CQ=M (2-2)

According to matrix inversion technique:

$Q=C^{-1}M={\left[\begin{array}{cccc}-1& 1& 1& 1\\ 0& \frac{15.0}{24\&times;0.0931}& \frac{5.0}{24\&times;0.0931}& \frac{1.3}{24\&times;0.0931}\\ 0& \frac{10.6}{24\&times;0.0923}& \frac{22.6}{24\&times;0.0923}& \frac{2.4}{24\&times;0.0923}\\ 0& \frac{2.7}{24\&times;0.0905}& \frac{6.3}{24\&times;0.0905}& \frac{11.8}{24\&times;0.0905}\end{array}\right]}^{-1}---\left(3\right)$

$\&times;\left[\begin{array}{cccc}0& 0& 0& 0\\ 1800& 1800& 0& 0\\ 1799& 0& 1799& 0\\ 750& 0& 0& 750\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}353.0& 175.0& 52.1& 125.9\\ 245.0& 317.4& -63.5& -8.9\\ 55.9& -149.6& 216.9& -11.4\\ 52.2& 7.3& -101.3& 146.1\end{array}\right]$

In the formula, Q _IjExpression flows to the flow (i ≠ j, area 0 represents outdoor) of regional j, m from regional i ³/ h; Q _IiThe flow (i 〉=1) that expression flows into or flows out from regional i, m ³/ h; Q ₀₀Expression flows into or flows out the outdoor air flow of All Ranges, m ³/ h; C _IjThe concentration (outdoor concentration be 0) of component in regional j that expression is distributed from the standard distribution sample of regional i, C _Ij=M _Ij/ (TSR _Ij), ug/m ³M _IjExpression standard distribution sample gained in regional j comes from the sampling quantity of the component that the standard distribution sample of regional i distributes, ug; SR _IjThe sampling that represents Passive sampler among the regional j is distributed the speed (needing through the temperature correction) of component, m from regional i standard distribution sample ³/ h; Represent that regional j Plays distributes the emission rate of sample (needing through the temperature correction), ug/h.

Claims (2)

1. the ventilation method of testing that combined standard distributes sample and Passive sampler is used for the single area test, and proving installation comprises standard distribution sample, automatic temperature recorder and Passive sampler, and method of testing may further comprise the steps:

1) two standard distribution samples being carried the previous day diagonal line is arranged in the test zone;

2) automatic temperature recorder is placed on zone middle part, two Passive samplers are placed on the both sides of automatic temperature recorder, distance is greater than 0.5 meter between the two for Passive sampler and automatic temperature recorder, and Passive sampler begins to sample, and the start-of-record sampling time;

3) through finishing sampling behind the default sampling time T, T is made as 1-7 days; Standard distribution sample and Passive sampler are sealed the end of record (EOR) sampling time;

4) detect the Passive sampler that seals with gas chromatography mass spectrometer and obtain sampling quantity M;

5) the medial temperature correction Passive sampler sampling rate SR that obtains according to automatic temperature recorder and the emission rate m of standard distribution sample calculate the ventilation Q of test room:

$Q=\frac{m}{\stackrel{-}{C}}=\frac{m}{M}\&CenterDot;T\&CenterDot;\mathrm{SR}---\left(1\right)$

In the formula, M represents sampling quantity, and unit is ug; T represents the sampling time, and unit is h; SR represents the Passive sampler sampling rate, and unit is m ³/ h; M represents the emission rate of standard distribution sample, and unit is ug/h; Q represents ventilation, and unit is m ³/ h;

The expression mean concentration, unit is ug/m ³

2. the ventilation method of testing that combined standard distributes sample and Passive sampler is used for the multizone test, and proving installation comprises standard distribution sample, automatic temperature recorder and Passive sampler, and method of testing may further comprise the steps:

1) in each zone, carries diagonal line placement the previous day, the standard distribution sample of two identical chemical compositions; Standard distribution sample chemical composition in the zones of different is different;

2) each zone middle part laying temperature self recording instrument, two Passive samplers are placed in the both sides of automatic temperature recorder, and Passive sampler and automatic temperature recorder are between the two apart from greater than 0.5 meter; Begin sampling and start-of-record sampling time;

3) through finishing sampling behind the default sampling time T, T is made as 1-7 days; Standard distribution sample and Passive sampler are sealed the end of record (EOR) sampling time;

4) detect the Passive sampler that seals with gas chromatography mass spectrometer and obtain sampling quantity M _Ij

5) the medial temperature correction Passive sampler sampling rate SR that obtains according to automatic temperature recorder _IjEmission rate m with standard distribution sample _j, calculating the ventilation Q of test room, circular is suc as formula shown in (2-1):

CQ=M （2-1）

The matrix form of formula (2-1) is suc as formula (2-1):

$\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}-1& 1& 1& ...& 1\\ 0& C_{11}& C_{12}& ...& C_{1N}\\ 0& C_{21}& C_{22}& ...& C_{2N}\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ 0& C_{N1}& C_{N2}& ...& C_{\mathrm{NN}}\end{array}\right]\&times;\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}{Q}_{00}& Q_{01}& Q_{02}& ...& Q_{0N}\\ Q_{10}& Q_{11}& {-Q}_{12}& ...& {-Q}_{1N}\\ Q_{20}& {-Q}_{21}& Q_{22}& ...& {-Q}_{2N}\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ Q_{N0}& {-Q}_{N1}& {-Q}_{N2}& ...& Q_{\mathrm{NN}}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}0& 0& 0& ...& 0\\ m_1& m_1& 0& ...& 0\\ m_2& 0& m_2& ...& 0\\ ...& ...& ...& ...& ...\\ m_N& 0& 0& ...& m_N\end{array}\right]---(2-2)$

According to matrix inversion technique:

Q=C ^-1M （3）

In the formula (2-2), Q _IjExpression flows to the flow (i ≠ j, area 0 represents outdoor) of regional j from regional i, and unit is m ³/ h; Q _IiThe flow (i 〉=1) that expression flows into or flows out from regional i, unit is m ³/ h; Q ₀₀Expression flows into or flows out the outdoor air flow of All Ranges, and unit is m ³/ h; C _IjThe concentration of component in regional j that expression is distributed from the standard distribution sample of regional i, outdoor concentration is 0, C _Ij=M _Ij/ (TSR _Ij), unit is ug/m ³M _IjExpression standard distribution sample gained in regional j comes from the sampling quantity of the component that the standard distribution sample of regional i distributes, and unit is ug; SR _IjThe sampling that represents Passive sampler among the regional j is distributed the speed of component from regional i standard distribution sample, and unit is m ³/ h;

Represent that regional j Plays distributes the emission rate of sample, unit is ug/h.

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