CN102917878A - 用于制造包含粉末覆盖层的建筑镶板的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造包含粉末覆盖层的建筑镶板的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102917878A
CN102917878A CN2011800266230A CN201180026623A CN102917878A CN 102917878 A CN102917878 A CN 102917878A CN 2011800266230 A CN2011800266230 A CN 2011800266230A CN 201180026623 A CN201180026623 A CN 201180026623A CN 102917878 A CN102917878 A CN 102917878A
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Prior art keywords
layer
aforementioned
decorative
wood fibre
decorative layer
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Granted
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CN2011800266230A
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CN102917878B (zh
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D·佩尔万
G·齐格勒
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Valinge Innovation AB
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Ceraloc Innovation Belgium BVBA
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种制造透明耐磨表面层（1）的方法。该方法包括以下步骤：将装饰性材料施用于载体上，将包括经加工的木质纤维、粘合剂和耐磨颗粒的混合物的干粉末层施用于装饰层上，通过对混合物施加热和压力使混合物固化，以得到包括透明耐磨层的装饰性表面。在一个优选实施例中，所述方法包括抵靠压花模板来压制混合物以形成具有高耐磨性的压花装饰表面的步骤。

Description

用于制造包含粉末覆盖层的建筑镶板的方法
技术领域
本发明总的涉及用于建筑镶板优选地板镶板的具有耐磨表面的基于纤维的镶板领域。本发明涉及具有这种耐磨表面的建筑镶板和制造这种镶板的制造方法。
背景技术
应用领域
本发明的实施例特别适用于浮式地板，该地板由具有木质纤维芯部和装饰性耐磨表面的地板镶板形成。因此，下文对已知系统的技术、问题以及本发明的目的和特征的描述将作为非限制性示例首先针对此应用领域，特别是类似于传统浮式木质纤维基层压地板的地板领域。本发明的实施例不排除向下胶合在底层地板上的地板。
应强调的是，本发明的实施例能够用作镶板或例如与芯部胶合的表面层。本发明还能够用于例如墙面镶板、天花板和家具部件等的应用。本发明也可用于具有诸如软木或木材之类的任选表面材料的地板中，以便改善磨损和设计特性。
背景
基于木质纤维的直接压制的层压地板通常包括由6-12mm的纤维板制成的芯部、由层压板制成的0.2mm厚的上部装饰性表面层以及由层压板、塑料、纸或类似材料制成的0.1-0.2mm厚的下部平衡层。
层压表面一般包括两层纸，即，0.1mm厚的印刷的装饰纸和施用于装饰纸之上并且意在保护装饰纸不被磨损的0.05-0.1mm厚的透明的覆盖纸。装饰性的非透明纸上的印刷物仅约0.01mm厚。用精制纤维（例如，α纤维素纤维）制成的透明覆盖层包括小的、坚硬且透明的氧化铝颗粒。精制纤维相当长，约2-5mm，这使覆盖纸具有所需要的强度。为了获得透明性，存在于原木质纤维中的所有天然树脂已经被去除，且氧化铝颗粒作为非常薄的一层施用于装饰纸上。层压地板的表面层的特征在于，装饰特性和耐磨特性一般通过两个单独的层获得，其中一层位于另一层之上。
印刷装饰纸和覆盖纸用三聚氰胺树脂浸渍并在热和压力作用下层压到基于木质纤维的芯部上。
小的氧化铝颗粒可以具有20-100微米范围内的尺寸（粒径）。该颗粒可以通过若干方法加入表面层中。例如，它们可以在覆盖纸的制造过程中结合到纸浆中。还可以在覆盖纸的浸渍工序过程中散布在湿漆上，或结合到用于覆盖纸的浸渍的漆中。
磨耗层还可以在没有纤维素覆盖层的情况下制成。在这种情况下，三聚氰胺树脂和氧化铝颗粒作为涂漆层通过与上述相似的方法直接施用于装饰纸上。这种磨耗层一般称为液体覆盖层。
通过这种制造方法可以获得非常耐磨的表面，这种类型的表面主要用于层压地板，但其也可以用于家具部件和类似的应用。高品质层压地板具有4000-6000转的耐磨性，该耐磨性对应于根据ISO标准用泰伯耐磨性测定仪（Taber Abraser）测量的磨损级别AC4和AC5。
还已知的是，经涂漆的木质表面的耐磨性可以通过在覆盖木质表面的透明漆中混入氧化铝颗粒而显著提高。
层压地板使用的最常见的芯部材料是具有高密度和良好稳定性的纤维板，通常称为HDF—高密度纤维板。有时也将MDF—中密度纤维板—作为芯部使用。还可以使用其它芯部材料，例如刨花板。
近来已开发出新的“无纸”型地板，其中使用粉末技术来获得固体层压表面，该固体层压表面包括未经加工的木质纤维、粘合剂和耐磨颗粒的大致均质的混合物。下面将此类地板称为“固体层压（solid laminate）”地板。耐磨颗粒优选为氧化铝颗粒，粘合剂优选为热固性树脂例如三聚氰胺。其他合适的材料例如为硅石或碳化硅。一般而言，所有这些材料优选以干燥形式作为混合粉末施用于HDF芯部上，并在热和压力作用下固化成0.2-1.0mm的固体（不透明）层压层。固体层压地板中的固体层提供了高的耐冲击性和耐磨性。
粉末技术还用于制造具有结合了纸技术和粉末技术的表面的地板。下面将此类地板称为“木质粉末层压地板”。装饰纸施用于包括木质粉末和粘合剂的底层上。装饰纸由常规覆盖层保护。此类地板的主要优点在于，可以获得深的压花和改善的耐冲击性。
当形成具有深的压花的表面时，木质粉末层压地板的耐磨性通常不足，这是因为表面上的突出部分承受高磨耗。甚至一些具有包括不同颜色的若干薄层的固体层压地板也存在低耐磨性的问题。
如果能以成本高效的方式改善耐磨性则会是非常有利的。
以上对各种已知方面的描述是申请人对这些方面的特征化评价，而并非认可任何以上描述为现有技术。
一些术语的定义
下文中，已安装的地板镶板的可视表面称为“正面”，而该地板镶板的面向底层地板的相对侧面称为“背面”。包括镶板的主要部分并提供镶板所需的稳定性的片状材料称为“芯部”。当芯部被最靠近正面的表面层覆盖并且优选地还被最靠近背面的平衡层覆盖时，形成半成品，称为“地板块”，或者在所述半成品在后续操作中被分成多个地板元件的情况下，称为“地板元件”。当地板元件沿其边缘被加工以获得具有接合系统的最终形状时，它们被称为“地板镶板”。“表面层”指的是赋予镶板装饰性能和耐磨性并施用于最靠近正面的芯部上、优选地覆盖地板块的整个正面的所有层。“装饰性表面层”指的是主要用于提供地板的装饰性外观的层。“磨耗层”涉及主要适合提高正面的耐久性的层。
“水平平面”指的是平行于表面层的外部部分延伸的一个平面。“水平地”指的是平行于所述水平平面，“竖直地”指的是垂直于所述水平平面。“上”指的是朝向正面，“下”指的是朝向背面。
“经加工的木质纤维”指的是进行加工（例如通过去除诸如木质素之类的天然树脂）以使得它们在固化的粘合剂中透明的木质纤维。
现有技术及其问题
在层压地板中，耐磨耗和磨损性能通常由如US 2009/0208646A1中所述被浸渍和/或涂覆的包含氧化铝的覆盖纸提供。还已知通过施用一层液态树脂例如三聚氰胺树脂来提供覆盖层，在该层树脂中加入有氧化铝。这一类型也可通过在液体层中添加例如纤维素絮凝物（cellulosic flock）来增强。还已知通过在纸生产过程中添加氧化铝来制造覆盖纸。
这种覆盖纸或液体层的施用复杂且成本高，如果可以简化制造方法则会是有利的。另外，在深压花产品中，磨耗性能受限，这是因为表面的突出部分承受比更适中地压花的表面的情况更高的应力。
最近开发的无纸层压地板类型通常可以制成为具有优良的磨耗性能，但是在某些配置方案中，外表设计元素、印刷或其他效果可能需要超过常用配置方案可以实现的表面保护。
已知还可以使用不具有任何纤维的干和湿的覆盖层，所述覆盖层通过以下制造方法制造：例如，使干燥或湿润形式的热固性树脂与氧化铝混合。与三聚氰胺树脂粉末混合的氧化铝颗粒例如可以在压制前施用于木质饰面板上，并且在压制后可以不使用任何表面涂覆来获得耐磨表面。这种制造方法未提供充分的磨耗性能。
发明内容
本发明的特定实施例的目的是提供一种建筑镶板，优选为具有透明耐磨层的地板镶板，所述镶板能以比目前已知的技术更成本高效的方式制造。
特定实施例的第二目的是提供一种建筑镶板，优选为具有透明耐磨层的地板镶板，所述镶板可以用于形成具有比通过目前已知的技术实现的耐磨性更高的耐磨性的深压花的地板产品。
特定实施例的第三目的是提供一种建筑镶板，优选为具有透明耐磨层的地板镶板，该镶板允许形成具有更好的磨耗表面外观的地板。
特定实施例的第四目的是提供一种适合于通过散布机施用的配置方案，该配置方案可以实现任意或全部上述目的。
本发明的实施例并不限于以上目的。
本发明的一个方面是一种制造建筑镶板的制造方法，所述建筑镶板具有带透明耐磨表面层的装饰性表面层，该方法包括下列的且优选采用所指出的次序的步骤：
●将装饰层施用于载体上；
●将包括经加工的木质纤维、粘合剂和耐磨颗粒的混合物的干粉末层施用于装饰层上；和
●通过施加热和压力来使混合物固化，以获得包括透明耐磨层的装饰性表面层。
所述粉末易于操控并且提供了成本高效的制造方法。经加工的木质纤维连同固化的粘合剂一起提供了用于耐磨颗粒的增强基质，该耐磨颗粒基本上均质地贯穿固化层的厚度分布。该基质防止耐磨颗粒在表面层的磨耗过程中脱落，并与基本上均质的分布结合实现了显著改善的耐磨性。
在一个实施例中，粉末混合物可包括占粉末混合物重量的约1%至约50%范围内的、优选约20%的经加工的木质纤维，占粉末混合物重量的约50%至约90%范围内的、优选约70%的粘合剂，以及占粉末混合物重量的约0%至约15%范围内的、优选约10%的耐磨颗粒。
固化优选通过在约5-200秒期间、优选在5-30秒期间使用例如压板施加热和压力来进行。所施加的热可在约140℃至约200℃的范围内，优选在约160℃至约180℃的范围内。所施加的压力在约20kg/cm2至约60kg/cm2的范围内，优选约40kg/cm2。
粘合剂优选为三聚氰胺甲醛树脂，耐磨颗粒优选为氧化铝或硅石。根据一个优选实施例，使用在表面上形成突出部分的压花模板（embossedmatrix）来压制耐磨层。
根据一个实施例，干粉末包括基本上全部为小的单个纤维的经加工的木质纤维，所述纤维可小于约1.0mm，优选小于0.5mm。小的纤维优选没有像例如纸层和HDF芯部中的长纤维那样彼此粘合，并且在粘合剂固化以前的压制操作的初始部分期间可以在所有方向上被压缩、成型和移位。未固化的透明磨耗层的行为优选在固化阶段的初始部分期间类似于糊状物或液体物质和漂浮物。
可采用不同方式测量纤维尺寸：
●可测量实际单个纤维的直径和长度。
●可通过筛网的网眼尺寸来限定纤维尺寸，纤维可在所述筛网中根据尺寸进行分离并且选出想要的部分。
对于用于从HDF板制成的木质纤维地板中的精制纤维，典型的制造步骤为：
●在预粉碎机（pre mill）中将HDF板粉碎成薄片
●在锤式粉碎机中（hammer mill）将薄片粉碎成想要的尺寸
●在具有0.3mm筛孔尺寸的网中筛分纤维。通常限定这些纤维的尺寸小于0.3mm。但是，由于纤维的细长形状，直径当然可以更小并且长度可以更长。
纤维尺寸在筛分后的分布可以通过纤维的测量来限定。
对于经加工的纤维（例如脱色纤维），所使用的筛孔尺寸通常小于精制纤维所用的筛孔尺寸。纤维的尺寸由所筛分的材料的分布限定。纤维尺寸的典型分布为：
>32μm 43.6%
>90μm 9.3%
>160μm 0.4%
粉末混合物和固化可适配成使得相对于下部的被更多压缩的部分，更大量的耐磨且透明的材料位于突出的表面部分的上部中。这将在承受最高磨耗的部分中提供更高的耐磨性。
装饰层可包括例如纸。所述纸可为印刷的三聚氰胺浸渍纸，例如由浸渍三聚氰胺树脂的纤维素纤维组成的装饰板。可将纸直接置于载体例如HDF板上。可将纸置于装饰性粉末混合物的散布层上。例如，该装饰性粉末可包括木质纤维和粘合剂，以及任选地颜料和/或耐磨颗粒。装饰性粉末的木质纤维可为经加工的木质纤维或未经加工的木质纤维，例如回收的木质纤维。
装饰层可包括例如装饰性粉末混合物的散布层。例如，装饰性粉末可包括木质纤维和粘合剂，以及任选地颜料和/或耐磨颗粒。装饰性粉末的木质纤维可为经加工的木质纤维或未经加工的木质纤维，例如回收的木质纤维。装饰层可包括例如多层散布的装饰性粉末混合物。
装饰层可包括例如木质饰面板。可将木质饰面板直接置于载体例如HDF板上。可将木质饰面板置于装饰性粉末混合物的散布层上。例如，装饰性粉末可包括木质纤维和粘合剂，以及任选地颜料和/或耐磨颗粒。装饰性粉末的木质纤维可为经加工的木质纤维或未经加工的木质纤维，例如回收的木质纤维。
装饰层可包括例如软木。可将软木直接置于载体例如HDF板上。可将软木置于装饰性粉末混合物的散布层上。例如，装饰性粉末可包括木质纤维和粘合剂，以及任选地颜料和/或耐磨颗粒。装饰性粉末的木质纤维可为经加工的木质纤维或未经加工的木质纤维，例如回收的木质纤维。
本发明的第二方面是一种制造建筑镶板的方法，其中，该方法包括以下步骤：
●将装饰层施用于载体上；
●将包括热塑性材料和耐磨颗粒的混合物的干粉末层施用于装饰层上；和
●在粉末层上施加热和压力以获得包括透明耐磨层的装饰性表面层。
耐磨颗粒可包括氧化铝和/或硅石。该混合物可包括经加工的木质纤维。
在一个实施例中，粉末混合物可包括占粉末混合物重量的约1%至约50%范围内的、优选约20%的经加工的木质纤维，占粉末混合物重量的约50%至约90%范围内的、优选约70%的热塑性材料，以及占粉末混合物重量的约0%至约15%范围内的、优选约10%的耐磨颗粒。
对粉末层施加热和压力以获得装饰性表面层优选通过在约5-200秒期间、优选5-30秒期间使用例如压板施加热和压力来进行。所施加的热可在约140℃至约200℃的范围内，优选在约160℃至约180℃的范围内。所施加的压力在约20kg/cm2至约60kg/cm2的范围内，优选约40kg/cm2。所述过程可为所谓的热-热过程（hot-hot process）。
本发明的第三方面是一种制造建筑镶板的方法，其中，该方法包括以下步骤：
●将包括经加工的木质纤维、粘合剂和耐磨颗粒的混合物的干粉末层直接施用于木质镶板上；和
●对粉末层施加热和压力以获得透明耐磨层。
得到的产品例如为具有优良的化学和磨损性能的明净光滑的木质产品。
耐磨颗粒可包括氧化铝和/或硅石。粘合剂可包括热塑性材料。
第二和第三方面中的热塑性材料可为透明材料，例如乙烯树脂颗粒。可以使用粉末形式的多种塑料材料，例如E-PVC、S-PVC、PVA、PET、PS、SAN、PMMA和类似物。
塑料粉末应优选具有低于预期加工温度的玻璃化温度和高于预期加工温度的熔点。塑料还可以包括官能团，例如羟基、羧基和氨基官能。也可以使用塑料的混合物。
附图说明
下文将结合优选实施例并且参考所附的示例性附图更详细地描述本发明，在附图中：
图1示出了具有压花部分的传统层压地板镶板；
图2示出了具有压花部分的改进的层压地板。
具体实施方式
具有良好机械磨耗性能的层压地板是通过对其上散布有粉末层的各类纸板层施加热和压力而制成的。纸板定位在芯部例如中密度或高密度纤维板之上。一个或多个纸板可定位在芯部下方。纸板是使用标准造纸技术和化学方法制成的，并且通常使用标准浸渍技术和化学方法进行浸渍。在一个实施例中，粉末层由粉末树脂、纤维和硬质颗粒的均质混合物组成。粉末树脂优选为热固性树脂，例如氨基树脂或此类树脂的混合物。优选的树脂为三聚氰胺甲醛树脂。纤维优选是透明的，例如经加工的木质纤维，但也可以使用其他透明纤维，例如玻璃纤维。可以使用具有有限透明度的纤维，例如各种无机纤维、金属纤维或未经加工的木质纤维，但不会产生保护层的期望的透明度。用于产生良好的最终机械磨耗性能的优选硬质颗粒包括氧化铝、二氧化硅及其混合物。利用热和压力将各层纸板和散布的粉末层转化为层压件。
典型的层压地板（图1）从顶部到底部包括以下各层：（2）由浸渍三聚氰胺树脂的纤维素纤维组成的覆盖板，其中加入了磨损颗粒，（3）由浸渍三聚氰胺树脂的纤维素纤维组成的装饰板，（4）芯部材料，例如高密度纤维板。由浸渍三聚氰胺树脂的纤维素纤维组成的平衡板通常用在镶板的背面上。层压地板通常具有在主表面（1）下方延伸的压花部分（6）。如果压花部分延伸至远离主表面，则由于浸渍纸的限制而可能产生不佳的表面外观。
根据本发明的一个非限制性实施例，改进的层压地板（图2）从顶部至底部包括以下各层：（5）保护性粉末层，由三聚氰胺树脂粉末、经加工的木质纤维和磨损颗粒组成的粉末覆盖层，（3）由浸渍三聚氰胺树脂的纤维素纤维组成的装饰板，（7）由三聚氰胺树脂粉末和经加工的木质纤维组成的可选的粉末层，（4）芯部材料，例如高密度纤维板。通常使用由浸渍三聚氰胺树脂的纤维素纤维组成的平衡板。由于保护性粉末层在水平方向或竖直方向上都可以不受限制地移动，所以主表面（1）下方（6a）和上方（6b）都可以存在压花部分。得到的产品在突出的表面部分（6b）中具有更高数量的保护性三聚氰胺树脂和氧化铝颗粒，从而与具有常规覆盖层的产品相比提供了改善的耐磨性。
覆盖纸的浸渍通常在例如US 2009/0208646A1中描述的浸渍生产线中完成。此类浸渍生产线需要投资和通常具有有限保质期的浸渍流体的处理。这一过程可通过使用粉末覆盖层予以改善。
示例1：具有常规覆盖层的直接层压产品（比较示例）
以160℃的表面温度使用40kg/cm2的力在短循环压制机中压制包括HDF载体板、平衡纸、印刷的三聚氰胺浸渍纸和覆盖层的层压产品25秒。压板为几乎平滑的光板。
得到的产品为表面外观良好的具有超过根据EN13329:2006(E)中的试验方法的AC3的要求的耐磨损性的层压表面。
示例2：具有常规覆盖层的深压花层压产品（比较示例）
以160℃的表面温度使用40kg/cm2的力在短循环压制机中压制包括HDF载体板、平衡纸、印刷的三聚氰胺浸渍纸和覆盖层的层压产品25秒。压板为具有深度为0.7mm的部分的深结构化板。
得到的产品为具有无法达到根据EN13329:2006(E)中的试验方法的AC2的要求的耐磨损性的层压表面。另外，表面外观不够好，这是因为层压件的纸板在大的压纹处开裂。
示例3：具有用常规纤维制成的保护层的深压花的直接层压产品（比较示例）
以160℃的表面温度使用40kg/cm2的力在短循环压制机中压制包括HDF载体板、平衡纸、印刷的三聚氰胺浸渍纸和300g/m2的保护层——该保护层包括未经加工的回收纤维、三聚氰胺粉末树脂和氧化铝颗粒的均质混合物——的层压产品25秒。压板为几乎平滑的压板。
得到的产品为具有满足根据EN13329:2006(E)中的试验方法的AC6的要求的耐磨损性的层压表面。表面外观不够好，这是因为保护层中的纤维是可见的。
示例4：根据本发明的一个实施例的具有保护层的深压花直接层压件
以160°C的表面温度使用40kg/cm2的力在短循环压制机中压制包括HDF载体板、定位在HDF下方的平衡纸、1000g/m2的散布底层、定位在散布底层上的浸渍三聚氰胺树脂的印刷纸、以及散布在印刷的三聚氰胺浸渍纸上的300g/m2的保护层的层压产品25秒，其中该散布底层包括散布在HDF上的回收纤维和氨基树脂的均质混合物，该保护层包括经加工的纤维、三聚氰胺粉末树脂和氧化铝颗粒的均质混合物。压板为具有深度为0.7mm的部分的深结构化板。
得到的产品为具有满足根据EN13329:2006(E)中的试验方法的AC3的要求的耐磨损性的层压表面。表面外观足够良好，这是因为保护层中的纤维是不可见的并且表面的深压花部分中未发现覆盖纸的裂缝。
示例5：根据本发明的一个实施例的具有保护层的深压花无纸建筑镶板
以160℃的表面温度使用40kg/cm2的力在短循环压制机中压制150g/m2的保护层25秒，所述保护层包括经加工的纤维、三聚氰胺粉末树脂和氧化铝颗粒的均质混合物，并且散布在150g/m2的装饰层上，所述装饰层包括经加工的纤维、三聚氰胺粉末树脂、色素颗粒和氧化铝颗粒的均质混合物，并且散布在500g/m2的第二装饰层上，所述第二装饰层包括经加工的纤维、三聚氰胺粉末树脂、色素颗粒和氧化铝颗粒的均质混合物。压板为具有深度为0.7mm的部分的深结构化板。
得到的产品为具有满足根据EN13329:2006(E)中的试验方法的AC6的要求的耐磨损性的深结构化无纸层压件。
初始表面外观是优良的，这是因为保护层保护了表面免于受到通常使产品呈现过早破损的外观的微小刮擦。
示例6：根据本发明的一个实施例的具有保护层的木质镶板。
用砂纸打磨过的木质镶板被散布包括经加工的纤维、三聚氰胺粉末树脂和氧化铝颗粒的均质混合物的150g/m2的保护层。使用平滑光面压板在160℃以20bar压力压缩产品30秒。
得到的产品为具有优良的化学和耐磨损性能的明净光滑的木质产品。

Claims (21)

1.一种制造建筑镶板的方法，其中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
●将装饰层施用在载体上；
●将包括经加工的木质纤维、粘合剂和耐磨颗粒的混合物的干粉末层施用于所述装饰层上；以及
●通过施加热和压力使所述混合物固化，以获得包括透明耐磨层的装饰性表面层（1）。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述镶板为地板镶板。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述载体为基于木材的板，优选为HDF或MDF板。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述耐磨颗粒为氧化铝。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述装饰层为印刷纸。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述固化步骤包括抵靠压花模板来压制混合物。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，抵靠压花模板进行的压制形成超过所述装饰层的厚度的压花深度。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，抵靠压花模板进行的压制形成超过所述装饰层和所述透明耐磨层的组合厚度的压花深度。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述装饰层包括基于透明纸的覆盖层，所述覆盖层包括氧化铝。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述装饰层包括基于透明纸的覆盖层，所述覆盖层包括氧化铝并且施用于下部干粉末层上，所述下部干粉末层包括木质纤维和粘合剂。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述经加工的木质纤维基本全部小于1.0mm。
12.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述经加工的木质纤维基本全部小于0.5mm。
13.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在5-200秒期间施加热和压力。
14.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在5-30秒期间施加热和压力。
15.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所施加的热在约140℃至约200℃的范围内，优选在约160℃至约180℃的范围内。
16.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所施加的压力在约20kg/cm2至约60kg/cm2的范围内，优选约40kg/cm2。
17.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述透明表面层的厚度超过所述装饰层的厚度。
18.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述装饰性表面层被压花，并且所述透明表面层的厚度变化以使得上部部分的厚度超过下部部分的厚度。
19.一种制造建筑镶板的方法，其中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
●将装饰层施用于载体上；
●将包括热塑性材料和耐磨颗粒的混合物的干粉末层施用于所述装饰层上；和
●在所述粉末层上施加热和压力，以获得包括透明耐磨层的装饰性表面层。
20.如权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述耐磨颗粒包括氧化铝和/或硅石。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述混合物包括经加工的木质纤维。
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KR101850921B1 (ko) 2018-04-20
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PL2558297T3 (pl) 2018-07-31
KR20130069609A (ko) 2013-06-26
BR112012025652A2 (pt) 2016-06-28
RU2012146337A (ru) 2014-05-20
WO2011129755A2 (en) 2011-10-20
LT2558297T (lt) 2018-03-26
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HRP20180539T1 (hr) 2018-05-04
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